Electromagnetic Field Theory

Course Description (EC341)

Associate. Prof. Dr. Hussein Hamed Ghouz

 Course Contents
Chapter (1): Coordinates systems and vector analysis (3-Lectures)

• Coordinates systems
• Vector operations
• Vector analysis

Chapter (2): Static Electric Field (7-Lectures)

• Column's law for electric force

• Electric field and electric flux in free-space
• Gauss' Law, and application to electrostatic field
• Work Done and Electrostatic Potential
• Electric Dipole
• Dielectrics and Polarization
• Boundary condition of static electric field
• Basic Equations of Static Electric Field
• Capacitance

Chapter (3): Electrostatic Problems (3-Lectures)

• Image Method
• Boundary Value Problems and Laplace and Poisson Equations

Chapter (4): Currents and Conductors (2-Lectures)

• Ohm' Law
• Joule' Law
• Resistance
• Boundary condition of stationary currents density

Chapter (5): Static Magnetic Field (6-Lectures)

• Basic Equations of Static Magnetic Field

• Ampere's Law
• Biot-Savart Law
• Magnetic Vector Potential
• Boundary condition of static magnetic field
• Magnetic Force
• Inductance

٢
Chapter (6): Time-Varying Fields and Maxwell's Equations (5-Lectures)

• Faraday' Law
• Displacement Current
• Maxwell' Equations
• Time-Harmonic Fields
• Uniform Plane Wave

٣
 Course Plane

Chapter No. Chapter Title No. of Lectures

Chapter 1 Orthogonal Coordinate

3-Lecture
1st & 2nd W Systems and Vector Analysis

Chapter 2
Electrostatic Field in Vacuum 5-Lectures
2nd, 3rd & 4th W

Chapter 2 Electrostatic Field in Dielectric

2- Lectures
5th W Media

Chapter 3 Methods for the solution of

3- Lectures
6th & 8th W Electrostatic Problems

Chapter 4
Steady Electric Currents 2- Lecture
8th & 9th W

Chapter 5
The steady Magnetic Field 6- Lectures
9th, 10th, 11th & 13th W

Chapter 6 Time Varying Field &

5- Lectures
13th ,14th & 15th W Maxwell’s equations

٤
 Exercise and Quiz Test Plane

Problem Set No. Week No. Quiz Test

Problem set # 1
1st Week
1-Weeks

Problem set # 2
2nd, 3rd & 4th Week
3-Weeks

Problem set # 3
th th
1st Quiz
2- Weeks 5 & 6 Week
6th Week

Problem set # 4
8th , 9th & 10th Week
3- Weeks

Problem set # 5 2nd Quiz

3- Week 11th, 13th & 14thW eek 11th Week

٥
Coordinate Systems and Vector Analysis

∂V ∂V ∂V
∇ V= a + a + a
h 1∂u 1 u1 h 2 ∂u 2 u 2 h 3 ∂u 3 u 3

 ∂   1 ∂V       
VVVV

 
∇2 =
1  h 2h 3   + ∂  h h  1 ∂V   + ∂  h h  1 ∂V   
 
 h ∂u   ∂u2  1 3  h ∂u   ∂u3  1 2  h ∂u   
  
h 1 h 2 h 3  ∂u1   1 1    2 2    3 3  

AAAA

1  ∂ ∂ ∂ 
∇. =  (h 2 h 3 A 1 ) + (h 1 h 3 A 2 ) + (h 1 h 2 A 3 ) 
h 1h 2 h 3  ∂u1 ∂u 2 ∂u 3 

h1au1 h 2a u2 h 3au3
1 ∂ ∂ ∂
∇X A=
h1h 2h 3 ∂u1 ∂u2 ∂u3
h1 A u1 h 2 A u2 h 3 A u3

Divergence Theorem: ∫ ∇ • A dv = ∫ A • ds
v s
Stokes's Theorem: ∫ (∇ × A ) • ds = ∫ A • dl
s c

Metric coefficients of Coordinate systems

(x, y, z) (ρ, Φ, z) (r, θ, Φ)

au1 ax aρ ar

au2 ay aΦ aθ

au3 az az aΦ

h1 1 1 1

h2 1 ρ r

h3 1 1 r sin θ

٦
 Transformation between Coordinate Systems

aρ aΦ az ar aθ aΦ
ax • cosΦ -sinΦ 0 sinθ cosΦ cosθ cosΦ -sinΦ
ay • sinΦ cosΦ 0 sinθ sinΦ cosθ sinΦ cosΦ
az • 0 0 1 cosθ -sinθ 0

Integral Forms
Integral Form Result of Integration

ln( x + x2 + a2)
dx
∫ sinh −1 xa
x2 + a2
xdx x2 + a 2
∫
x2 +a2
dx x
∫ 2 2 3/ 2 a 2 x2 + a2
(x + a )
x dx −1
∫ 2 2 3/ 2
(x + a ) x2 + a2
dx 1 tan-1 x
∫ 2 2 a
( x +a ) a
xdx 1
∫ 2 2 ln( x2 + a2)
( x +a ) 2
dx  
∫  2 2
a + x + a 
− 1 ln 
x (x 2 + a 2 ) a




 x 
 

dx 1 ln tan ax
∫ sin ax a 2
٧
 Differential Calculus
Function Differentiation
sin(x) cos(x)
cos(x) -sin(x)
tan(x) sec2(x)
1
sin(x)-1
1−x2
-1
cos(x)-1
1−x2
1
tan(x)-1
1 + x2
ex ex
ln(x) 1/x
loga(x) 1/[x ln(a)]

Trigonometric relations

sin(x) = 1/2(1- cos(2x))

cos(x) = 1/2(1+ cos(2x))

(1- cos(2x))
tan(x) =
cos( x)
sin(2x) = 2 sin( x) cos( x)
sin(x ± y) = sin( x) cos( y ) ± cos( x) sin( y )
cos(x ± y) = cos( x) cos( y ) m sin( x) sin( y )

e ± jx = cos(x) ± j sin(x)

٨
Static Electric Field

1. Coulomb’s law:
q q
F2 = k 1 2 a , Where, k=1/(4πε )= 9x109, and ā is the unit vector in
r 0 R
R2
the direction of the force ( ar = âr =ār= r / r ). If the force is negative, it is

attraction force, while the positive sign means repulsion force.

2. Electrostatic Field and Potential (E and V):

r qi r qi
E = R V =
P P
Point 4 π ε o Ri 2 4 π ε o Ri

1 ρ r 1 ρ
E = ∫ R d l′ V = ∫ d l′
Line
P 4π ε o R3
P 4π ε o R

1 ρs r 1 ρs
E = ∫∫ R ds ′ V = ∫∫ ds ′
Surface P 4 π ε o s R3 P 4π ε o s R

1 ρv r 1 ρv
E = ∫∫∫ R dV ′ V = ∫∫∫ dV ′
Volume P 4 π ε o v R3 P 4π ε o v R

r P r r
Ep = −∇VP and Vp = − ∫ E •
P l∂
Ref
The Ref. point usually have a zero potential

3. Gauss’s law:

∫ D.n ds = Q (total charge enclosed)

s
Where;
Q = ∫∫∫ ρ v dv volume charge
v
= ∫∫ ρs ds surface charge
s
= ∫ ρl dl line charge

٩
 2
∫ D.n ds = 4πr Dr for sphere of radius r
s
= 2πρ l Dρ for cylinder of radius ρ and length l
4. Boundary Condition of electric field (air-conductor interface):
ρs
E = and E = 0
n t
εo
5. Finite Line charge:
 
ρl  L/2 
EP =   aρ
2 π εoρ  2 2 
 ρ + ( L / 2) 

 
ρl  ρ 2 + ( L / 2) 2 + L / 2 
VP = ln  
2 π εo  ρ 
 
6. Infinite Line Charge:
ρl ρl ρ 
EP = a and VP = ln o 
2 π ε oρ ρ 2 π εo  ρ 

7. Electric Dipole:

p cos θ 1
V= and E = (2 p cos θ a + p sin θ a )
2 3 r θ
4 π εor 4 π εo r

8. Basic Equations of Static Electric Field

∇.D =ρ ∇ × E= 0

9. Polarization vector P:

P=D −ε E = ( ε − 1) ε E
o r o
10. Boundary Conditions of Electric Field (dielectric-dielectric interface):

E1t = E2t and D1n − D2n = ρs (where, ρs is free charge)

11. Capacitance:
Q
C=
V

١٠
Where;
Q is the Gauss’s law ( ∫ D. n ds = ∫∫∫ ρ v dv = Q )
s v
V is the line integral of E along the path
int ial = a
( Vab = − ∫ E . dl = Va - Vb)
final = b

To find the capacitance, we follow the 4-steps:

1. Assume a charge +Q and -Q on the two conductors.
2. Find E using Gauss’s law or any other method.
3. Find V using line integral along E lines
4. Put Q = C V, and then Find C.

12. Electrostatic Energy:

For N-discrete charge:

1 n
We = ∑ Q V
2 k =1 k k

1 n Qj
Where, V = ∑ and j ≠ k
k 4π ε j = 1 Rjk
o
For continuous charge:

1 ε 2
We = ∫∫∫ ( D . E ) d v ′ = ∫∫∫ E d v′
2 v' 2 v'

For any capacitor configuration:

1 1 Q2
W = C V2 = QV =
e 2 2 2C

Surface bounded charge for any capacitor configuration:

ρUpper = First Conductor = P • (−an )

ρ = Second Conductor = P • ( + a )
Lower n

١١
Solution of Electrostatic Problems

1.Image Method:

z
z
P
+Q R1
Conducting plane (PEC)

+Q R2
y h
y
-Q
x Fig.1 (a) Fig.1 (b)

+Q -Q +Q

+Q -Q
Fig.2 (a) Fig.2 (b)

If the conductor is in the form of corner with an angle “α”, then in this case,
we have m images where,
180
m = 2n -1 and n =
α
2. Boundary Value Problems
In Cartesian:
 2 
2  ∂ ∂2 ∂2 
∇ V =  + + V =0
P  2
∂ ∂ 2 ∂z 2  p
 x y 

١٢
 The possible solutions of W ' ' (u) + k 2u W(u) = 0

k2 k W(u)
u u
Linear Solution
0 0
Ao u + Bo
Periodic Solution
+ k
A1 sin (k u) +B1 cos (ku) C1 e+j k u + C2 e-j k u
Decayed Solution
- jk
A2 sinh (ku)+B2 cosh (ku) D1 e+ k u + D2 e- k u

In cylindrical:
1 ∂ ∂V 1 ∂ 2V ∂ 2V
∇ V=2
(ρ )+ + = 0
ρ ∂ρ ∂ρ ρ 2 ∂φ 2 ∂Z 2

In case of Φ-dependence solution is given as:

Φ (Φ) = Ao Φ + Bo

In case of ρ-dependence solution is given as:

d dV(ρ)
(ρ )=0 ⇒ V (ρ) = A1 ln (ρ) + A2
dρ dρ

In Spherical:
1 ∂ ∂V 1 ∂ ∂V
∇2 V = (r 2 )+ ( sinθ )= 0
r 2 ∂r ∂r r 2 sin θ ∂θ ∂θ

(a) In case of r-dependence only:

1 d dV
(r 2 )= 0 ⇒ V(r, θ, Φ) ≡ V(r)
r 2 dr dr

Then:
d dV dV
(r 2 ) = 0 ⇒ (r 2 ) = A1
dr dr dr

١٣
 dV A1 A1
= ⇒ dV = dr
dr r 2 r2

 -1 
V(r) =   A1 + A2
 r 

The constant A1 and A2 are determined from the given BC’s.

(b) In case of θ-dependence only:

1 d dV dV
( sinθ )= 0 ⇒ sin θ = A1
r 2 sin θ dθ dθ dθ

dV A 1 A1
= ⇒ dV = ∫ dθ
dθ sin θ sin θ
dx 1 ax
Since the integration ∫ = ln tan , therefore, the electric potential is
sin ax a 2

given as:

θ
V(θ) = A1 ln tan + A2
2

Where, the constant A1 and A2 are determined from the given BC’s.

Currents and Conductors

1. Ohm’s law:

In any conducting medium, if an electric field is applied, a current density J

is given by:
J= σE
Where,
σ Denotes conductivity of the conductor

J Denotes current density A/m2

١٤
 J A/m 2 A moh (siemens)
σ = = = = = S/m
E V/m V m m

The total current passing through an arbitrary surface S of a

conducting body is given by

I = ∫∫ J . ds
s
2. Resistance:
2
∫ E . dl
V 1
R= → R=
I σ ∫∫ E . ds
s

(a) The voltage V is applied along the coordinate u1 while the current is
passing across the surface of the plane u2-u3.

L
du 1
R= ∫ h 2h3
o
σ ∫∫ du 2 du 3
h1
(b) Solving Laplace Equation
1. Find the electric potential V

2. Find the electric field as E = − ∇ V

3. Find the current density J = σ E

4. Find the total current I = ∫∫ J . ds

s
V
5. Find the resistance R as R =
I

3. Duality Law:
There is a dual relation between the resistance and the capacitance as:

١٥
 resistance x capacitance
64748 ε
R x C =
{σ
ratio of the constitutive parameters
of the conducting medium

Duality between J and D

Conductor Dielectric
J = σE D = εE
∇. J = o ∇. D = o
Jn1 = Jn2 Dn1 = Dn2
J t1 J t 2 D t1 D
= = t2
σ1 σ 2 ε1 ε2
σ ε
I Q
1 C
= G
R

Static Magnetic Field

Basic Equations of Static Magnetic Filed:

• ∇ . B = 0 , ∇ x H = J , and B = µ H

Ampere's Law
• ∇ x B = µo J Differential form

• ∫ B. dl = µ o I Integral form
c

Biot-Savart Law for a line carrying constant current:

I dl x a R
• H=∫
L 4 π R2

For finite Line carrying constant current:

I
H= [ sin (the angle in current direction)− sin (the angle in oppsite current direction) ]aˆ n
4πd

١٦
Magnetic Vector Potential for a line carrying constant current:
µ o I dl
• A = ∫
c 4πR

Loop of constant current I and radius r=b:

I
• H
center
= ( ±a z )
4b

Boundary Conditions:
H1L = H2L → H1t = H2t
B1n = B2n → µ1 H1n = µ2 H2n

In case of current existing at the boundary surface:

H1t - H2t = Js
Magnetic Force Fm:
F12 = ∫ I 2 d l 2 x B1 and F = ∫ I dl x B
21 1 1 2
c c
Magnetostatic Energy:
1 µ 2
Wm = ∫∫∫ ( B . H) d v ′ = ∫∫∫ H d v′
2 v' 2 v'

Inductance L:
To find the inductance of any geometry, we should do the following steps:
1. Choose the suitable coordinate system, and assume source current I.
2. Find the magnetic field density B (or H)
- Ampere’s Law (if there is a symmetry)
- Biot-Savart Law
- Magnetic vector potential B = ∇ x A

3. Find the magnetic flux ψ as ψ = ∫∫ B . ds

s

4. Find the flux linkage Λ = ψ N

5. Find L as L = Λ / I

١٧
Maxwell’s Equations for Time-Varying Fields

Differential form Integral form

∂B ∂B
∇xE=− ∫ E. dl = − ∫∫ . ds
∂t ∂t

∂D ∂D
∇ xH =J+ ∫ H. dl = I + ∫∫ . ds
∂t ∂t
∇.D = ρ ∫ D. ds = ∫∫∫ ρ dv

∇.B = 0 ∫ B. ds = o

D=εE

B=µH

J =σE

Maxwell’s Equations for complex Time-Harmonic Fields

• ∇ x E=− j ω µ H

• ∇ x H = − jω ε E + σ E → Differential form
• ∇ . E = ρ/ε

• ∇. H =0

• D=ε E
• B= µ H

• ∫ E • d l = − jωµ ∫∫ B • d s
s
• ∫ H • d l = (− jωµ + σ ) ∫∫ E • d s → Integral form
s
• ∫∫ E • d s = Q / ε
s
• ∫∫ B • d s = 0
s
• D=ε E
• B= µ H

١٨
 Problem Set #1

P.1-1 Three corners of a triangle are at P1(0, 1, -2), P2 (4, 1, -3), and P3 (6,
2, 5).
a) Determine whether the triangle P1P2P3 is a right triangle.
b) Find the area of the triangle.

P.1-2 Given the vector A =3ax + 4ay – 6az in cartesian. Express this vector
in the following coordinate systems:
a) Cylindrical coordinate system.
b) Spherical coordinate system.

P.1-3 A vector field F is expressed in spherical coordinates as:

F = (25/r2) ar.
a) Find | F | and Fx at the point P (-3, 4, -5).
b) Find the angle that "F" makes with the vector B =2ax - 2ay +az at the point
P(-3, 4, -5).

P.1-4 Given the vector field function F = x2y ax + xy2 ay , evaluate the
scalar line integral ∫ F.dl from the point P1(2, 1, -1) to the point P2
c
(8, 2, -1)
a) Along the parabola x=2y2
b) Along the straight line joining the two points.

P.1-5 Given a scalar function V= sin( x) sin( y) e − z . Find the magnitude

π π
2 3
and direction of the maximum rate of increase of V at the point P (1, 2, 3).

P.1-6 For the vector function A =ρ2aρ + 2z az, verify the divergence
theorem for circular cylinder region enclosed by ρ=5, z=0, and z=4.
١٩
P.1-7 A vector field A =ar (cos2Φ)/r3 exists in the region between two
spherical shells defined by r=1 and r=2. Evaluate:
a) ∫s A . ds b) ∫ ∇ . A dv
v
P.1-8 Given a vector field A =3x2y3 ax - x3y2 ay. Verify stokes theorem for the
contour shown in figure. y

x
1 2

HW:
P1.1, P1.3, P1.5, P1.11, P1.12, P1.15, P1.29, P3.29, P3.30, P4.5

٢٠
 Problem Set #2

P2-1 Two charges q1 = +2 mc, q2 = -5 mc are located at points (2,0,0)

and (-2,0,0) respectively. Find the force acted on a third charge q3=+3mc if
it is located at (0, 0, 6). Find E at P (3, 3, 8).

P2-2 Consider a charged dielectric sphere of radius a = 0.5m and

ρv=2mc/m3. Find the electric field at r = 0.2 m, r = 0.5m, and r=2m. Plot the
variation of the electric field versus r.

P2-3 A coaxial line has an inner conductor of a radius “a” and outer
conductor of a radius “b”. The inner conductor is charged by +ρℓ while the
outer is charged by -ρℓ. Find electric field as function of ρ, and then find the
potential difference between outer and inner conductors.

P2-4 A circular ring has a radius a=2m lies in z=0 plane with its center at
the origin. If ρℓ =10 nc/m. Find a point charge at the origin which could
produce the same electric field at P (0, 0, 5).

P2-5 Two uniform infinite line charges ρℓ= 4 nc/m lies at x = 0, y=+4 and
parallel to z – axis. Find the field at (4, 0, z).

P2-6 Show that the electric field is zero inside conducting sphere charged
by Q=5 nc and has radius 5=5 m. Find E at r=10 m.

P2-7 Find the work don-e to move Q = 5 µc from the origin to the point P
10
(2, π/4, π/2) in an electric field: E = 5 e-r/4 ar + a V/m.
r sin θ φ

٢١
P2-8 Prove that the potential of a single infinite line charge (consider a
ρl ρ
reference point at ρ=ρo has a zero potential) V = ln ( o ) .
2 π εo ρ

P2-9 Three uniform finite line charges + ρl , ρl , and ρl each of length

1 2 3
“L” forming an equilateral triangle. Assuming that ρl =2 ρl = 2 ρl .
1 2 3
Determine E at the center of the triangle.

HW:
P2.11, P2.18, P.2.22, P2.26, P3.2, P3.9, P3.15, P3.20, P4.2, P4.6, P4.8,
P4.16, P4.33, P4.35

٢٢
 Problem Set#3

P.3.1 Find the capacitance of the following structures:

(a) Two parallel plates:

A A1 A2
d
d1 ε1
ε1 ε2
d2 ε2

(i) (ii)
(b)Coaxial lines:

b ε1 ε2
ε1 ε2
a b

(i) (ii)

(c) Concentric spheres: ε1

R2 R1
R1 = a
R2 = b
ε2

٢٣
P.3.2. Find the capacitance between two identical and long cylindrical
conductors of radius "a" as shown in the following figure. These
conductors are separated by air, and the distance between their centers is
"d".

a a
εo
ρℓ ρℓ
-ρ

P.3.3. Given that E1 = 2 a x − 3 a y + 5 az v/m as shown in the following figure.

Find D2 and the angles θ1 and θ2.

z

E1
ε1=2εo θ1

x-y
ε2=5εo

E2

θ2

HW:
P6.5, P6.7, P6.10, P6.12, P6.13, P6.16, P6.19, 6.31

٢٤
 Problem Set #4

P.4.1 Find the potential V inside the following drawn wells:

y y

V=0
∞ b
↑
V=0 V=0 -∞ ← V=Vo
x x
V=Vo d V=0

π
P.4.2 Find V between the two planes φ = 0 and φ = if the potential
4
π
V = 0 at φ = 0 and V = Vo at φ = .
4
π
P.4.3 Find V between two coaxial cones if V = o at θ = V = Vo at
4
π
θ=
10

P.4.4 A straight conducting wire of radius “a” is parallel to and at height “h”
from the surface of earth as shown in the following figure. Assuming the
earth is perfectly electric conducting; determine the capacitance and the
force per unit length between the wire and the earth.
a

P.4.5 Find the resistance of the different configurations given in P.3.1 of

problem set#3, assume lossy media. [Hint: use duality equation R × C = ε ].
σ
٢٥
P.4.6 Find the resistance of only one of the different configurations given in
P.3.1 of problem set#3, assume lossy media. [Hint: use Laplace equation].

HW:
P7.6, P7.10, P7.15,

٢٦
 Problem Set #5

P.5.1 Find the magnetic field at point P due to the stationary currents going
through the following wire configurations:

P a
a I

I
b
P

P.5.2 Find the flux inside a rectangle of dimensions a x b near a straight

wire with current I as shown in Fig.1.
P.5.3 Find the magnetic flux density B of a wire carrying constant current I1
at the point P as shown in Fig.2. Assume I1=0.5 mA, d=0.3m, and the loop
radius b=0.05m.

P.5.4 Find the inductance of the following magnetic coil shown in Fig.3.

P.5.5 Consider a transmission line of two long parallel conducting wires of

radius “a” as shown in Fig.4. Assume that the two wires are located in x-z
plane and they carry equal currents in opposite direction. Find the internal
inductance, mutual (external) inductance and the magnetic force.

Fig. 1 Fig. 2
y

d I1
d
I
b
d b P x

a I1

٢٧
 y

Fig. 3 Fig. 4

I I

S I

a
N
x

P.5.6 Given E (t, z) = Eo sin (ω t – βz) a x , find D and H in the free space.

Sketch E and H at t = 0.

P.5.7 An electric field component in y-direction propagates in the free-

space along the z-direction. The electric field intensity has an
instantaneous form given by:
j[ω t − (π / 3) z]
E (t, z) = Re (Eo e o ay)

Find D (t, z) and B (t, z).

HW:
P8.5, P8.9, P8.12, P8.25, P8.27, P8.36, P8.41, P10.15, P10.18, P10.26

٢٨
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Department: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Instructor: Dr. Hussein Hamed Ghouz
Course Title: Electromagnetics
Course No.: EC341 Marks: 30
Date: Tue., May, 3, 2011 Time: 60 Min

Answer the following questions: (Version_A)

Question No. 1
(a) Given Two vectors A=4ax+3ay+5az and B=5aρ+4az with an angle Φ=36.87o. Find the cross
and dot product in cylindrical coordinate. Find the angle between A and B
(b) Given a vector of flux density D=xy2ax+4xyay C/m2. Verify the divergence theorem within a
parallelepiped formed by planes 0≤ x ≤2, 0≤ y ≤3, and 0≤ z ≤4.
(c) Find the curl of the vector D
Question No. 2
Three point charges Q1=10 nc, Q2=-5 nc, and Q3=-10 nc are located in space at the points P1
(xo,0,0), P2 (0,yo,0), and P3 (0,0,zo) respectively. Find the following:
(a) The electric force acting on Q3 assume xo=0, and yo=zo=1.0
(b) The electric field and potential at the point P (xo, 2yo, 3zo)
(c) The electric energy We
Question No. 3
Given a Charged Disk of radius b = 50 cm, and charge density ρs = 50 nc/m2 is located in x-y
plane as shown in the following figure. Find the following:
(a) The electric field at the point P
(b) The electric field at the point P if b → ∞
(c) Verify the results of part (b) using Gauss' Law

Formula Sheet
∂D x ∂D y ∂D z
∫∫ (∇ × D) • ds = ∫ D • dl
S
c
∫∫ D • ds = ∫∫∫ ∇ • D dV
S
V
∇•D =
∂x
+
∂y
+
∂z
∂D z ∂D y ∂D ∂D x ∂D y ∂D
∇×D = ( − )a − ( z − )a + ( − x )a
∂y ∂z x ∂x ∂z y ∂x ∂y z
dx x z
∫ (x =
+ a2 )3/ 2 a2 x2 + a2
2

xdx −1 P (0, 0, z)
∫ (x 2 + a 2 ) 3 / 2 = x 2 + a 2

ρ=b y

x
GoodLuck

٢٩
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Department : Electronics and Communications Engineering
Instructor : Dr. Hussein Hamed Ghouz
Course Title : Electromagnetics
Course No.: EC341 Marks: 20
Date : Sun., May, 29, 2011 Time: 60 Min
Answer the following questions: (Version_A)

(a) Given a cylindrical capacitor (b=2.7a, Vo=5 & ԑ2=4ԑ1) shown in Fig. 1. Using Gauss' law, find the following:
1. The electric field vector E and the polarization vector P in each region
2. The electric energy We , and the bounded charge densities on inner and outer conductors
3. The capacitance in each region
(b) Given two, isolated and infinite conducting planes form a sector of an angle α=60o as shown in Fig.2. One of the
conducting planes is kept at constant potential Vo=10 volt while the other is grounded. Solve the Laplace equation to
find the
the following:
1. The potential distribution V between the conducting planes
2. The electric field distribution E between the conducting planes
3. The capacitance
(c) Given two ideal dielectric regions as shown in Fig.3. The electric field in the first region is E1= 4aρ+2az with an
angle Φ=30o. Using the boundary condition of the electric field, find D1, D2, α1 & α2

z
ε2 y

V=Vo E1
α1
2a V=Vo
ε1=2ε
=2 o
ρ
ε2=4ε
=4 o
α=60 0
x E2
ε1 V=0
Fig.2 Fig.3 α2
b
V=0
Fig.1
AAAA

∂V ∂V ∂V
∇ V = = a + a + a
h ∂u u h ∂u u2 h ∂u u
1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3
2  ∂
1 ∂ ∂ 
∇ V =  ( h 2 h 3A1 ) + ( h1h 3A 2 ) + (h h A ) 
h1h 2 h 3  ∂u1 ∂u 2 ∂u 3 1 2 3 
ε
We = ∫∫∫ ( E . E ) d v ′
2 v'

GoodLuck
٣٠
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Department: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Lecturer: Associate Prof. Dr. Abd-El-Hamid
Hamid Gafer
Associate Prof. Dr. Hussein Hamed Ghouz
Course: Electromagnetics
Electromagnetics-I
Course Code: EC341 Time : 120 Min
Date : Thr. 30, June, 2011 Total Marks : 40
________________________________________________________________
Answer All Question
Question No. 1 (8 Mark)
(a) A lossy material (ԑ=4.6ԑo, σd=3x10-2 & µ=µo) is used to fill the space between the inner
and outer conductors of a coaxial cable as shown in the figure. The inner conductor is kept
with a positive voltage Vo=5 volt and the outer conductor is grounded. Assume,, the thickness
of the outer conductor can be neglected, find the following:
following
1. The capacitance C and thehe inductance L per unit length
2. The conductance G=1/R per unit length Vo
3. Draw the equivalent circuit b
(b) Find the coaxial cable radii ratio to achieve characteristic impedance a
L ԑ, µ, & σd
Zo= =50 Ω
C
Question No.2 (10 Mark):
(a) Consider a finite line of a length ℓ=0.5m carrying a stationary current I1=100 mA as shown
in the figure. The line is located symmetrically on y-axis at b=0.5m and parallel to-z-axis.
to
Find the magnetic field intensity at the point P(x, 0, z)
(b) Find the magnetic flux density B of a line conductor configuration carrying constant
current I2 at the point P as shown in the figure. Assume I2=50 mA and d=0.3m..
y
x
d
P(x, 0, z)
I2
(a) 2d
P x
(b)
I1
y (0, b, 0)
z
d
I2

Question No.3 (8 Mark) 2d

(a) Write down the set of Maxwell’s equations in differential form for Complex Exponential
Time-Harmonic fields
Harmonic electric field having an x-component propagates in a general lossless
(b) A Time-Harmonic
meduim (ԑ=4.6ԑo& µ=µoµr) along the z-direction.. The electric field intensity has an
instantaneous form given by:
π π
E (t, z) = 10+03 sin ( 2 π × 10 + 07 t − z + ) ax
4 3
Find D (t, z), B (t, z) and µr

P.T.O.
٣١
Question No.4 (10 Mark)
(a) Given two isolated and infinite conducting planes form a sector of an angle α=60o as
shown in figure. One of the conducting planes is kept at constant potential Vo while the other
is grounded. Solve the Laplace equation to find the potential and the electric field distributions
between the conducting planes (Hint: V is function of the angle φ)
y
1 ∂ ∂V 1 ∂2V ∂2V
∇2 V = (ρ ) + +
ρ ∂ρ ∂ρ ρ 2 ∂φ 2 ∂Z 2
V=0

∂V ∂V ∂V
∇ V= a + a + a α=600
∂ρ ρ ρ∂φ φ ∂z z
x
V= Vo
(b) Given a corner shape of infinite copper conducting planes having a zero potential and an
angle θ=90o as shown in figure. Assume a point charge Q= 20 nC is located at the mid-point
between the two conductors (x=d, z=d, d=0.5m). Use the image method to find the following:
1. The total number of images to replace the ground planes
2. The electric potential and electric field at observation point P(x, 0, z)

P(x, 0, z)

d z
y→ ∞

x
d
θ

Question No.5 (4 Mark)

Two identical circular conducting plates each of radius rc=2.5mm form a parallel plate
capacitor as shown in figure. Find the following:
1. The electric field intensity, electric flux density, and polarization vectors
2. The capacitance
3. The bounded surface charge on upper and lower conducting plates
z

Constants Vo=5
rc
1/(4πεo) = 9x109 m/F h=20 mm
ε=2.5εo
εo=10-09/(36xπ) F/m
µo=4πx10-07 H/m y
V=0

GoodLuck
x

٣٢