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Solutions To Practice For Final Exam Math 3400 - Intro To Differential Equations

This document provides practice problems for a final exam in differential equations. It includes 20 multiple choice problems worth 5 points each and 5 essay problems worth 10 points each. The essay problems require showing all work to receive full credit. Topics covered include separable, linear, and exact differential equations, slope fields, solution curves, initial value problems, Laplace transforms, series solutions, systems of differential equations, and applications to physics, including Newton's law of cooling and spring-mass systems.

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Renjelle Mae Autriz
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186 views

Solutions To Practice For Final Exam Math 3400 - Intro To Differential Equations

This document provides practice problems for a final exam in differential equations. It includes 20 multiple choice problems worth 5 points each and 5 essay problems worth 10 points each. The essay problems require showing all work to receive full credit. Topics covered include separable, linear, and exact differential equations, slope fields, solution curves, initial value problems, Laplace transforms, series solutions, systems of differential equations, and applications to physics, including Newton's law of cooling and spring-mass systems.

Uploaded by

Renjelle Mae Autriz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solutions to Practice for Final Exam

Math 3400 - Intro to Differential Equations


Spring 2012 - Dr. Radu Cascaval

The first 20 (multiple-choice) problems are 5 points each, the remaining 5 (essay) problems are 10
points each (Show all work to get full credit on the essay problems).

dy
1. (Circle all that apply!) The differential equation x = x − y is
dx
(a) separable, (b) linear, (c) homogeneous, (d) exact
Answer: (b), (c), (d)

2. The general solution of the equation x� + 5x = 3 is


(a) x(t) = 35 + e−5t (b) x(t) = 3 + C sin 5t (c) x(t) = 3
5
+ Ce−5t (d) x(t) = C cos 3t
Answer: (c)

3. The following represents the slope field and several solution curves of the equation

(a) x� = t(1 − x) (b) x� = x(x − 1) (c) x� = t2 − t (d) x� = x(1 − x)


Answer: (d)

4. A solution of the initial value problem y � + 8y = 1 + e−6t is


(a) x(t) = 18 + 12 e6t − 58 e8t
(b) x(t) = 18 + 12 e−6t − 58 e−8t
(c) x(t) = 4 − e2t + 3e8t
(d) x(t) = 4 − e−2t + 3e−8t
Answer: (b)

5. Two linearly independent solutions of the equation y �� + y � − 6y = 0 are


(a) e−3x and e2x , (b) e−2x and e3x , (c) e−x and e6x , (d) e−6x and ex
Answer: (a)

6. A particular solution for the differential equation y �� + 2y � + y = 3 − 2 sin x is


(a) A + B sin x
(b) A + Bx2 + C cos x + D sin x
(c) A + Bx cos x + Cx sin x
(d) A + B cos x + C sin x
Answer: (d)

7. The solution of the initial value problem x2 y �� − xy � − 3y = 0, y(1) = 1, y � (1) = −2 is


(a) 54 x−1 − 14 x3 , (b) 14 x + 34 x−3 , (c) 54 e−x − 14 e3x , (d) 14 ex + 34 e−3x
Answer: (a)

8. The Laplace Transform of f (t) = tet sin(2t) is


4(s+1) 4(s−1) 2 2(s−1)
(a) (s−1) 2 (s2 +4) , (b) ((s−1)2 +4)2 , (c) (s−1)2 +4 , (d) (s−1)2 +4

Answer: (b)

9. The inverse Laplace Transform of the function F (s) = s24s+2 +2s+5


is
(a) e−t cos 2t + 2e−t sin 2t, (b) e−t cos 2t − 4e−t sin 2t, (c) 4e−t cos 2t + e−t sin 2t,
(d) 4e−t cos 2t − e−t sin 2t
Answer: (d)
�
t, 0 ≤ t < 1
10. The Laplace Transform of the function f (t) = is
2 − t, t ≥ 1
−s −s � �
(a) 1−2e
s2
, (b) 2s , (c) s12 − 2es , (d) s12 + 2s − s12 e−s
Answer: (a)

11. For the initial value problem x�� + 4x� + 13x = t, x(0) = −1, x� (0) = 1, the Laplace transform
X(s) of the � solution 1x(t) 1is�
1
(a) s2 +4s −s − 3 − s + s2
1
� �
(b) s2 +4s −s − 1s + s12
s+3 1
(c) - s2 +4s+13 + s2 (s2 +4s+13)
s 1
(d) - s2 +4s+13 + s2 (s2 +4s+13)

Answer: (c)

12. The�differential equation x�� + 2x��− 5x = sin t is equivalent


� to the system
� �
x =y x = 2x − 5y x� = y
(a) , (b) , (c)
y � = 5x − 2y + sin t y � = sin t y � = 2x − 5y + sin t
�
x� = 5x − 2y
(d)
y � = sin t
Answer: (a)
 y
 ��
x = − 2
x + y2
13. The system of differential equations x

 y �� = 2
x + y2
is equivalent to a 1st order system consisting of
(a) one equation, (b) two equations, (c) three equations, (d) four equations
Answer: (d)
�∞
14. The series solution for the the differential equation y �� + xy � + y = 0 is of the form n=0 cn x
n

has recursion relation


(a) cn+2 + cn+1 + cn = 0, n ≥ 0
(b) (n + 2)cn+2 + cn = 0, n ≥ 2
(c) ncn+1 − cn = 0, n ≥ 1
(d) cn = 0, n ≥ 3
Answer: (b)
15. The differential
� equation xy �� + (x − 2)y � + y = 0 has a solution of the form
∞
(a) y = x2 � n
n=0 cn x , c0 �= 0
∞
(b) y = x1/2 n
�∞ n=0 cnnx , c0 �= 0
3
(c) y = x � n=0 cn x , c0 �= 0
−1 ∞ n
(d) y = x n=0 cn x , c0 �= 0
Answer: (c)
16. (New) The solution
�∞ of the differential equation (2x − 1)y � + 2y = 0, can be represented as a
power series n=0 cn xn with radius of convergence equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1/2 (c) 1 (d) ∞
Answer: (b)
s+4
17. (New) The partial fraction decomposition of (s−1)2 (s2 +4)
is
A Bs+C
(a) (s−1) 2 + s2 +4
A B Cs+D
(b) s−1 + (s−1) 2 + s2 +4
A B C
(c) s−1 + (s−1) 2 + s2 +4
A B Cs
(d) s−1 + (s−1) 2 + s2 +4

Answer: (b)
18. (New) Which of the following equations can be rearranged into separable equations?
(a) (x + y)y � = x − y
(b) y � − ey = ex+y
(c) y � = ln(xy)
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b)
19. (New) A body with mass m = 12 kg is attached to the end of a spring that is stretched 2 m
by a force of 100 N . It is set in motion with initial position x0 = 1 m and initial velocity
v0 = −5 m/s. The position function of the body is given by
(a) x(t) = cos 10t − 12 sin10t
(b) x(t) = cos 5t − sin 5t
(c) x(t) = e−t (cos 9t − 3 sin 9t)
1
(d) x(t) = e−10t ( 10 cos t − sin t)
Answer: (a)
20. (New) The appropriate form of a particular solution yp of the equation y �� + 2y � + y = e−t is
(a) Ae−t (b) Ate−t (c) At2 e−t (d) (A + Bt)e−t
Answer: (c)
The following problems will be graded based on the complete work!! You must show all work to
get full credit.
Problem 1.
(i) Solve the differential equations y � = −2xy
(ii) Verify that the equation (x3 + xy ) dx + (y 2 + ln x) dy = 0 is exact and solve it!

Problem 2. Use the method of reduction of order to find a second solution y2 (x) for

xy �� + (x − 2)y � + y = 0, x>0

given that y1 (x) = x3 e−x is one solution.

Problem 3. An instrument at an initial temperature of 40 degrees C is placed in a room whose


temperature is 20 degrees C. For the next 5 h the room temperature Q0 (t) gradually rises and is
given by Q0 (t) = 20 + 10t, where t is measured in hours.
(a) Use Newton’s Law of Cooling dT dt
= −k(T − Q0 ), with k = 1, to determine the temperature of
the instrument T (t) at any time t > 0.
(b) Is there any time when the instrument equals the room temperature? Sketch the graph of T
and Q0 on the same plot.

Problem 4. A 400-gal tank initially contains 100 gal of brine containing 50 lb of salt. Brine
containing 1 lb of salt per gallon enters the tank at a rate of 5 gals/s, and the well mixed brine in
the tank flows out at a rate of 3 gal/s. How much salt will be the tank contain when it is full of brine?

Problem 5. A spring-mass system (m = 2, k = 10) with damping (c = 8) is initially stretched by


x(0) = 2 and has initial velocity x� (0) = 0. The governing differential equation is

mx�� + cx� + kx = f (t)

(a) Determine its subsequent motion x = x(t) if forced by an external force f (t) = 2 cos t.
(b) Determine the amplitude C and phase angle α of the persistent motion found in (a). That is,
write the persistent motion in the form xp (t) = C cos(ωt − α).

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