“á û’ û ý ’ ”á” ”á “ ”

*EJM092* EJM – 092

I Semester M.E. (Civil) Degree Examination, March 2013)

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
2K8GT102/2K8EQ106 : Site Investigation and Improvement Techniques
(Common to GT/EQ)

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : 1) Answer any five full question schoosing atleast two questions
from each Part.
2) Draw neat sketches, wherever necessary.
3) Assume any missing data, suitably.

PART – A

1. a) Explain briefly the ‘auger boring’ method of drilling bore hole. Discuss its
limitations and suitability for different soil conditions. 10

b) What is meant by ‘significant depth’ of soil exploration ? Explain briefly, the

planning of soil exploration program for an important building project and
highway project. 10

2. a) What is soil sampling ? Distinguish between disturbed sample and undisturbed

sample. Explain briefly, the ‘chunk sampling’. 10

b) Discuss the effect of water table on bearing capacity of soil. Explain briefly,
the location of ground water table by Hvorselev method. 10

3. a) Explain briefly, the seismic refraction method of soil exploration and discuss
its limitations. 10

b) What is bore log ? Explain briefly the preparation of Geotechnical investigation

report for a major building project. 10

P.T.O.
EJM – 092 -2- *EJM092*

4. a) Explain briefly, the Vane shear test to determine undrained shear strength of
cohesive soil in the field. 10

b) The following sizes of sampling tubes are available in the market :

Sampling tube no : I II III

Outer diameter of cutting edge (mm) 75 110 50

Inner diameter of cutting edge (mm) 72 107 35

Open length of the sampler (mm) 600 600 600

Out of these, which one would you select for obtaining undisturbed soil sample
from a bore hole. Give reasons. 10

PART – B

5. a) What is soil stabilization ? List the different methods of deep stabilization.

Explain briefly the mechanical stabilization of soil. 10

b) Explain briefly, the dynamic compaction of soil and its merits. 10

6. a) What is consolidation ? Discuss briefly the principle, design and construction

of sand drains. 10

b) The soil from a borrow pit has a bulk unit weight of 16.6 kN/m3 and a water
content of 14.3%. It is desired to construct an earthen embankment with a
compacted unit weight of 18.7 kN/m3 and at a moulding water content of
15.8%. Determine the volume of soil to be excavated from the borrow pit for
every 30,000 m3 of compacted soil in the embankment. 10
*EJM092* -3- EJM – 092

7. a) Explain briefly, the following :

i) Maximum permissible grout pressure

ii) Surface leakage and its control during grouting. 10

b) List the vibro-displacement compaction methods and explain briefly the

Vibroflotation method. 10

8. Write short notes on the following : (4×5=20)

a) Soils of India and its distribution.

b) Dewatering by well point system.

c) Chemical stabilization.

d) Thermal methods of stabilization.

———————
*EJM094* EJM – 094

I Semester M.E. (Civil) Degree Examination,March 2013

(Semester Scheme)
2K8Gt 104/2K8 EQ 104:ADVANCED SOIL MECHANICS
Geotechnical Engineering
(Common to GT/EQ)
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : 1) Answer any five full questions.

2) Missing data, if any, may be assumed suitably.

1. a) What are clay forming minerals ? Briefly explain the structure of clay forming
minerals. (10)
b) Explain the meaning of “Texture” and “Structure” of a soil. (5)
c) Distinguish between “Black cotton soil” and “Laterite” from engineering point
of view. (5)

2. a) Write an explanatory note on “Base exchange capacity” of soil, bringing out

its importance. (10)
b) What is “diffused double layer” ? Explain “Gury-Chapman diffused double
layer theory”. (10)

3. a) Bringout the usefulness of compaction test in the laboratory in soil engineering

practice. (6)
b) Discuss the effect of compaction on soil properties. (6)
c) The soil from a borrow pit is at a bulk unit weight of 17.1 kN/m3 and a water
content of 12.6 %. It is desired to construct an embankment with a water
content of 18 % at 19.6 kN/m3 unit weight. Determine the quantity of soil to be
excavated from the borrow pit and the amount of water to be added for
every 100 m3 of compacted soil in the embankment. (8)

4. a) Discuss briefly the different factors influencing the shear strength of soils. (5)
b) What is “stress path” ? Explain. (5)
c) Two identical samples A and B of a normally consolidated clay were tested.
Sample A was subjected to an unconfined compression test and it failed
when the deviator stress was 200 kN/m2. Sample B was tested under UU
condition with a cell pressure of 300 kPa. Prior to shear, sample B had no
pore pressure but during shear pore water pressure built up to 200 kPa. What
was the pore water pressure at failure in sample A ? What is the effective
angle of internal friction for this clay ? (10)
P.T.O.
EJM – 094 *EJM094*

5. a) Discuss why ultimate strength of a loose sand sample and a dense sand
sample consolidated to the same effective stress are the same, whereas,
the peak strengths are different. (5)

b) Why is the sand thought to be a “friction type” material ? Can saturated sand
exhibit a φ =0 ? if so, under what circumstances ? (5)

c) The effective shear strength parameters of a soil used in the construction of

an earthen bund are c = 6 kPa and φ = 20 ° . Its unit weight is 18.2 kN/m3. The
pore pressure parameters A = 0.45 and B = 0.85. If the height of the fill has
been raised from 2 to 5 m, find the shear strength of the soil at the base of the
bund. Assume the lateral pressure at any point as one-third of the vertical
pressure. (10)

6. a) Write brief critical notes on “settlement of foundations”. (5)

b) How does the construction period affect the time-rate of settlement of a

structure ? What is the “effective loading period” ? (5)

c) A footing 15 m square is located 1.5 m below the surface of a uniform soil

deposit of unit weight 20 kN/m3. The void ratio of the soil is 0.8 and its
compression index is 0.07. If the total thickness of the deposit, which is
underlined by rock stratum is 3.5 m, compute the consolidation settlement of
the footing when it carries a load of 225 kN. Use trapezoidal stress distribution
(2H : 1V) and consider four layers. (10)

7. a) Explain and compare Boussinesq and Westergaard theories for stress

distribution. (10)

b) Write step by step procedure for analysing the stability of the U/S slope of an
earth dam by Swedish method of slices. Bring out the effect of sudden draw
down on the stability of the slope. (10)

8. Write short notes on the following : (4×5=20)

i) Pre-consolidation pressure
ii) Creep in soils
iii) Newmark’s influence chart
iv) Secondary consolidation.

———————
 ’

*EJM095* EJM – 095

First Semester M.E. (Civil) Degree Examination, March 2013

Geotechnical Engineering
2K8GT 105 : DESIGN OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : 1) Answer any five full questions.

2) Missing data may be suitably assumed.

1. a) With usual notations derive Terzaghi’s general bearing capacity equation for
a continuous footing. 10

b) Calculate the net ultimate bearing capacity of a rectangular footing 2m×4m

in plan, founded at a depth of 1.5 m below the ground surface. The load on
the footing acts at an angle of 15° to the vertical and is eccentric in the
direction of width by 15 cm. The saturated unit weight of the soil is 18 kN/m3.
The shear strength parameters, C = 15 kN/m2 and φ = 25° . Natural water
table is at a depth of 2m below the ground surface. Use Meyerhof’s
recommendations. Refer table for bearing capacity, shape, depth and
inclination factors. 10

2. a) Explain with neat sketches, Meyerhof’s method of computing ultimate

bearing capacity of foundation on slopes. 10

b) A footing of size 1.5 m×1.5 m × 0.75 m is placed at a depth of 2.0 m below

the ground surface the properties of the foundation soil are γ = 17.9 kN/m3,
φ = 25° and Cu = 15 kN/m2. Estimate the allowable uplift force for a factor
of safety of 2.5. Take shape factor = Sf = 1.06. 10

P.T.O.
EJM – 095 -2- *EJM095*

3. a) Explain with neat sketches the determination of ultimate bearing capacity of

footing resting on layered clays and layered C- φ soils. 12
b) For rectangular footing of size 3m × 6m is resting on the layered clays as
shown in figure 1. Find the ultimate load carrying capacity of the footing.
Ref. figure 1 (a) for bearing capacity factors for layered clay soils. 8

Figure-1

Fig. 1 (a)
*EJM095* -3- EJM – 095
EJM – 095 -4- *EJM095*

4. a) Explain with sketches, the vertical pressure distribution on a horizontal plane

and on a vertical line due to a concentrated load at the ground surface. 10

b) A rectangular footing of size 3m × 2.5m × 0.5 m with a column is subjected

to an axial force and a moment of 600 kN and 100 kN-m respectively as
shown in figure-2. The soil parameters are ES = 10000 kPa, μ = 0.3. The
concrete column is 0.5m × 0.5 m and has a length of 3.0 m and
EC = 27.6×106 KPa. Estimate the footing rotation and find the corresponding footing
moment assuming the upper end of the column is fixed. 10

Figure-2

5. a) Explain how settlement of footing can be estimated from SCPT values. 10

b) Explain the step by step procedure of proportion of footing. 10

6. a) Explain various methods of determining the bearing capacity of rock. 10

b) Explain briefly the erosion problems for structures adjacent to flowing water. 10

7. a) What is modulus of subgrade reaction ? Explain the factors affecting the

same. 5

b) Explain the procedure to be adopted for the control of mat foundation

settlement. 5
*EJM095* -5- EJM – 095

c) A building has to be supported on a R.C. raft foundation of dimensions 15 m × 20 m.

The sub soil is clay which has an average unconfined compressive strength
of 20 kN/m2. The pressure on the soil due to the weight of the building and
the load that it will carry will be 160 kN/m2 at the base of the raft. If the unit
weight of the excavated soil is 20 kN/m3, at what depth should the bottom of
the raft be placed to provide a factor of safety of 3 against shear failure.
Use Skempton’s recommendations. 10

8. Write short notes on the following :

a) Foundation on sanitary land bill sites.

b) Modes of shear failure.

c) Reliability on settlement calculations.

d) Cyclic plate load test. (4×5=20)

__________________
 ’

*EJM165* EJM – 165

First Semester M.E. (Civil) Degree Examination, March 2013

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE/
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
2K8SE101 : Theory of Elasticity and Plasticity

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Note : 1) Answer any one question from Part – B and any four from
Part – A.
2) Additional data if required may be suitably assumed.

PART – A

1. a) Derive expressions for stress components on an arbitrary plane in three

dimensions. Also obtain :
i) Resultant stress
ii) Normal stress and
iii) Shear stress on the plane. 10
b) A rope of length L is hung from the ceiling. The density of the material of the
rope is ρ . Find :
i) the stress in the rope at the free end L and
ii) the value of maximum tension and its location. 10

2. a) What are stress invariants ? The state of stress at a point in x, y, z coordinate

system is given below.

⎡10 8 0⎤
⎢ 9 −6 0 ⎥ MPa
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 0 4 ⎥⎦

Considering another set of coordinate axes, x′y′z′ in which z′ coincides with z

and x′ is rotated by 30° anticlockwise from x-axis, determine the stress
components in the new co-ordinates system. 10

P.T.O.
EJM – 165 -2- *EJM165*

b) If the state of stress at a point is given as below. Determine the value of τxy
in order that the stress distribution is in equilibrium if μ is the Poison’s ratio. 10

σ x = y 2 + μ(x 2 − y 2 ), σ y = x 2 + μ(y 2 − x 2 ), σ z = (x 2 + y 2 )

τ xy = f (x, y ), τ yz = τ zx = 0 .

3. a) Write a note on the practical significance of compatibility equations. If C and

C1 are some constants, under what conditions the following strain system
compatible ? 10

ε x = C(x 2 − y 2 ) ε y = Axy ε xy = C1xy

b) A rectangular strain rosette gives the data as below.

ε 0 = 670 micrometres/m, ε 45 = 330 micrometres/m and ε 90 = 150

micrometres/m

Find the principal stresses σ 1 and σ 2 if

E = 2×105 MPa and v = 0.3. 10

4. a) Derive the compatibility equation in terms of stresses for plane stress

problems including the body forces. 10

b) Distinguish between plane stress and plane strain problems. Give the
corresponding stress – strain relations. 10

5. a) Using the stress function method, obtain the solution for a beam subjected
to pure bending. 10

b) Show that the following stress function satisfies the boundary condition in a
beam of rectangular cross-section of width 2h and depth d under a total
shear force W. 10

⎡ W ⎤
φ = −⎢ 3
xy 2 (3 d − 2 y )⎥
⎣ 2hd ⎦
*EJM165* -3- EJM – 165

6. a) A thick cylinder of internal diameter Di and external diameter Do is subjected

to internal pressure only. Sketch the distribution of axial and hoop stresses
in the cylinder. Comment on the maximum hoop stress. 10
b) A steel tube, which has an outside diameter of 10 cm and inside diameter of
5 cm, is subjected to an internal pressure of 14 MPa and an external pressure
of 5.5 MPa. Calculate the maximum hoop stress in the tube. 10

PART – B

7. a) Explain :

i) Elastic-perfectly plastic material and

ii) Elastic-linear strain hardening material. Sketch the stress-strain behaviour

of these materials. 10

b) List various theories of failure. Explain any two of them. 10

8. a) The state of stress at a point is given below.

⎡ 105 52 .5 ⎤
σ ij = ⎢ MPa
⎣52 .5 180 ⎥⎦

If the yield strength of the material is 187.5 MPa obtained by uniaxial tensile
test, verify whether yielding will occur according to Tresca’s or Von-Mises
yield criteria. 10

b) Write a note on the geometrical representation of yield criteria. 10

__________________
 ’

*JE948* JE – 948
First Semester M.E. (Civil) Degree Examination, July/August 2013
Structural Engineering/Prestressed Concrete/Earthquake Engineering
2K8SE101 : THEORY OF ELASTICITY AND PLASTICITY

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Note: 1) Answer any one question from Part – B and any four from
Part – A.
2) Additional data if required may be suitably assumed.

PART – A

1. a) Derive Cauchy’s stress equations for an arbitrary plane in three dimensions. 10

b) The state of stress at a point in a body is given by the matrix shown below.

⎡ T11 2 1⎤
σ ij = ⎢ 2 0 2 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 1 2 0 ⎥⎦

Determine T11 such that there is at least one plane passing through the point
in such a way that the resultant stress on that plane is zero. Also
determine the direction of that plane. 10

2. a) Derive the equilibrium equations for two dimensional problems considering

body forces. Also extend these equations for three dimensional systems. 10
b) The state of stress at a point in a material is defined by the following matrix.

⎡200 400 300 ⎤

σ ij = ⎢400 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣300 0 − 100 ⎥⎦

Find the stress vector acting on a plane passing through the point and parallel
to the plane x + 2y + 2z – 6 = 0. 10

P.T.O.
JE – 948 -2- *JE948*

3. a) Distinguish between plane stress and plane strain problems. Give the
corresponding stress-strain relations. 10
b) A rectangular thin plate of dimensions (AB = 135 mm and AD = 245 mm)
shown in Fig. 1 is subjected to stresses σx = −100 MPa , σ y = 115 MPa and
τxy = −20 MPa. If the elastic constants of the plate material are E = 77500 MPa
and G = 29500 MPa, determine the change in length of the diagonal AC. 10

Fig. 1

4. a) Explain the practical significance of compatibility conditions. Verify whether

the following strain field is possible or not. If not, under what conditions the
strain field is compatible ? B and B1 are constants. 10

ε x = B ( x 2 − y 2 ) ε y = Bxy ε xy = B 1xy

b) Find the principal strains and their directions from the rosette measurements
given below. Also find the principal stresses. Take φ = 0 and α = β = 45 .

10

ε ϕ = 2 × 10 −3 ε α+ ϕ = 1 .35 × 10 −3 ε α+β+ ϕ = 0 .95 × 10 −3

5. a) Derive Biharmonic expression for bodies involving plane strain conditions

considering the body forces. 10
b) For a plane strain problem without body forces, Airy’s stress function is
given by φ = Bxy 4 + Cx 3y 2 . Under what conditions, it is a valid stress
function ? 10
*JE948* -3- JE – 948

6. a) A thick cylinder is subjected to both internal and external pressures. Prove

that the radial stress and hoop stress in the cylinder produce uniform
contraction and tension along the length of the cylinder. 10
b) A long closed cylinder has an internal diameter of 200 mm and an external
diameter of 250 mm. It is subjected to an internal pressure of 100 MPa.
Determine the maximum circumferential and axial stresses in the cylinder.
Also sketch their distribution in the cylinder. 10

PART – B

7. a) Distinguish between the stress-strain behavior of material for the case of

strain hardening and strain softening. Explain with neat sketches. 10
b) A circular shaft is to be designed to resist a bending moment of 9 kN-m
together with a torsional moment of 7 kN-m. The yield stress of the material
of the shaft if 207 N/mm2. Assuming a factor of safety of 2 and using the
octahedral shear stress theory design the diameter of the shaft. 10

8. a) Explain Tresca and Von-Mises yield criteria with appropriate conditions for
yielding of a material. 10
b) Explain with sketch the geometrical representation of yield criteria. 10

————————
 ’

*JE942* JE – 942

I Semester M.E. (Civil) (Geotechnical Engineering/EQ. Engg.) Degree

Examination, July/August 2013
(Semester Scheme)
2k8 Gt 104/2k8 EQ104 : ADVANCED SOIL MECHANICS
(Common to GT/EQ)

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : i) Answer any five full questions.

ii) Missing data, if any may be assumed suitably.

1. a) List the basic Engineering properties of soil and critically comment on their
use. 10
b) What are clay forming minerals ? Explain the structure of important clay
forming minerals. 10

2. a) What is diffused double layer ? Explain the Guoy-Chapman diffused double

layer theory. 10
b) In a hydrometer analysis, the corrected hydrometer reading at the start of
sedimentation was 28. After a lapse of 30 minutes, the corrected hydrometer
reading was 12 and the corresponding effective depth 10.5 cm. Take G = 2.70,
η = 0.001 N-S/m2 and determine the weight of solids mixed in the suspension,
the effective diameter corresponding to 30 minutes reading and the percentage
of particles finer than this size. 10

3. a) State and explain Bragg’s law. How is it useful in the qualitative determination
of clay minerals ? 6
b) What is base exchange capacity of soils ? How is it determined in the
laboratory ? Explain. 6
c) Explain the “Texture” and “Structure” of soils. 8

4. a) Explain briefly the Engineering properties of ‘Compacted soils’. 6

b) What is field compaction control ? Explain different methods for field
compaction control. 6

P.T.O.
JE – 942 *JE942*

c) The soil in a borrow pit has a void ratio of 0.90. A fill-in-place volume of
20,000 m3 is to be constructed with an in-place dry density of 18.9 kN/m3. If
the cost of compensation is Rs. 100/- per cubic metre of soil, determine the
total compensation. 8

5. a) What is “pressure bulb” ? What are its uses in soil Engineering practice ? 6
b) Explain and construct Newmark’s chart with an influence value of 0.005.
A raft of size (4m×4m) carries a uniform load of 200 kPa. Using the Newmarks,
chart, calculate the stress increment at a point in the soil which is 4m below
the centre of the loaded area. 14

6. a) Briefly explain the mechanism of shear strength of soils. 6

b) Differentiate between shear strength parameters obtained from total and
effective stress considerations. 6
c) A particular soil failed under a major principal stress of 300 kN/m2. If for the
same soil, the minor principal stress had been 200 kN/m2, determine what
the major principal stress would have been if :(i) φ = 30° and (ii) φ = 0°. 8

7. a) Differentiate between “Total settlement” and “Differential settlement”. What

are the harmful effects of differential settlement on structures ? What are
the probable remedial measures ? 10
b) A boring indicates the existence of a 20 m thick clay stratum above sand.
The hydrostatic pressure at the top of the clay layer is 600 kPa. The pore
pressure at the bottom of the clay layer is reduced permanently by 600 kPa
by pumping. If the void ratio of the clay is reduced from 1.00 to 0.975 by
pumping, estimate the ultimate settlement due to this. 10

8. Write notes on the following : (5×4=20)

i) SEM studies
ii) Effective stress
iii) Pore-pressure co-efficients
iv) Soil deposits in India.

_______________
*JEP1061* JEP – 1061
First Semester M.E. (Civil) Degree Examination, July 2014
(2K8 Scheme)
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE/
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
SE 101 : Theory of Elasticity and Plasticity

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Note : 1) Answer any one question from Part – B and any four from
Part – A.
2) Additional data if required may be suitably assumed.

PART – A

1. a) Explain spherical and deviatoric stress tensors. 5

b) A rope of length L is hung from the ceiling. The density of the material of the
rope is 20 kN/m3. Find
i) the stress in the rope at the free end L and
ii) the value of maximum tension and its location. 5
c) The state of stress at a point in a body is given by the matrix shown below :

 

2 2 1



  2  2 M P a

i j y



1 2 0

 

Determine such that there is atleast one plane passing through the point

in such a way that the resultant stress on that plane is zero. Also determine
the direction of that plane. 10

2. a) Derive equations of equilibrium for three dimensional problems in elasticity

considering the body forces. 10
b) The stress tensor at a point with reference to axes (x, y, z) is given below.
Show that by transformation of the axes by 450 about the z-axis, the stress
invariants remain uncharged.
4 1 2

 

i j


1 6 0


M P a

10


2 0 8

P.T.O.
 
JEP – 1061 -2- *JEP1061*

3. a) Explain the practical significance of strain compatibility equations. If the

following strains represent a possible state, find the values of and if

A, B and C are constants. 10

  ) N O
* O
+ N O   ) N
* N

N O

  = N O   N O  ) N 
O

N O

b) A square plate PQRS of unit side as shown in Fig. 3(a) is subjected to strain
components as given below. What is the change in length of line PT such
that RT = TS. 10

 !

 

2

    N  


i j



! 

 

Fig. 3(a)

4. a) With usual notation, derive the following expression if, Fx and Fy are the body
force components and is the Poisson’s ratio.

 

. 10
 .
       . 

O
N


       

N O







 N  O     N  O

 
 

b) The following are the principal stresses at a point in a material. Determine

the volumetric strain if E = 210 kN/mm2 and = 0.5.



4 0 0 N / m m , 
3 0 0 N / m m
and 

!

2 4 0 N / m m
. 10

5. a) Derive Biharmonic expression for bodies involving plane stress conditions

considering the body force potential. 10
b) For a plane strain problem without body forces, Airy’s stress function is
given by   * N O
"

+ N
!

O
. Under what conditions, it is a valid stress function ? 10

6. a) Determine the stress in radial and tangential direction for a stress function

for an hollow cylinder subjected uniform
 A l o g r
B r l o g r
C r
D

internal pressure (Pi) and external pressure (Po) 10

*JEP1061* -3- JEP – 1061

b) A long thick walled circular cylinder of internal radius R1 and external radius
R2 is subjected to an internal pressure ‘P’. Given that the sum of radial and
hoop stresses at any point in the wall is constant and also that no shear
stresses are generated, show that the maximum hoop stress is given by

, where K = R2/R1. 10
K  1

  P

K
1

PART – B

7. a) Write a note on theory of failure. Explain Rankine’s and Coulomb’s theory of

failures. 10
b) Two square plates A and B are subjected to the state of stress as shown in
Fig. 7(b). Which one of these two will yield first according to
i) Maximum stress theory
ii) Maximum strain theory and
iii) Maximum shear theory. Take yield stress of material in uniaxial tension
test as 427.5 N/mm2 and Poisson’s as 0.25. Here 

N

4 2 7 . 5 N / m m

. 10

8. a) Write a note on yield criteria. Explain Von-Mises yield criteria. 10

b) Explain with sketches
i) Strain hardening behaviour and
ii) Strain softening behaviour in materials. 10

_______________
*JEP1064* JEP – 1064
I Semester M.E. (Civil) (Geotechnical Engg.) Degree Examination,
July 2014
(2K8 Scheme)
GT 104/EQ 104 : ADVANCED SOIL MECHANICS
(Common to GT/EQ)
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : i) Answer any five full questions.

ii) Missing data, if any, may be assumed suitably.

1. a) Explain briefly the complexity of soils as an engineering material. 10

b) What are clay minerals ? Explain the structure of
i) Kaolinite
ii) Montmorillonite 10

2. a) Define diffused double layer. Explain briefly the Guoy-Chapman diffused double
layer theory. 6
b) Write a brief critical note on “Texture” of soils. 6
c) A soil sample consists of particles ranging in size from 0.6 mm to 0.02 mm.
The average specific gravity of the particle is 2.66. Determine the time of
settlement of the coarsest and finest of there particles through a depth of
1.0 m. Assume the viscosity of water to be 0.001 N-S/m2. 8

3. a) State and explain Bragg’s law. How is it used in the qualitative determination
of clay minerals ? 6
b) What is base exchange capacity of soils ? How it is determined in the
laboratory ? Explain. 6
c) Explain the inter-atomic bonding in soils. 8

4. a) Explain the engineering properties of “Compacted soils”. 6

b) What is field compaction control ? Explain the compaction control using
Proctor’s. needle. 6
c) The soil in a borrow pit has a void ratio of 0.90. A fill-in-place volume of
20,000 m3 is to be constructed with an in-place-dry density of 18 kN/m3. If
the cost of compensation is Rs. 20 per m3 of excavation, determine the cost of
compensation. 8
P.T.O.
JEP – 1064 *JEP1064*

5. a) Discuss the factors influencing shear strength of soils. 6

b) “Measured shear strength of identical soil samples by different shear tests
are different”. Justify this statement giving reasons. 6
c) A cylindrical specimen of stiff, saturated clay 38 mm diameter and 76 mm
long failed under an axial load of 130 N in a UCC test. The compression of
the specimen was 13 mm at failure. If the rupture plane makes an angle of 54
degrees with the horizontal determine the shear strength parameters. If an
identical specimen of the same soil is tested in a triaxial shear apparatus at a
cell pressure of 160 kPa, what would be the axial stress
at failure ? 8

6. a) Define effective stress. Explain the concept of effective stress with the help
of spring analogy. 6
b) Discuss why the ultimate strength of loose sand sample and dense sand
sample compacted at the same effective stress are the same, where as, the
peak strengths are different. 6
c) The effective shear strength parameters of a soil used in the construction of
an earthen bund are +

= 68 kPa and = 20°. Its unit weight is 18 kN/m3.



The pore pressure parameters A = 0.45 and B = 0.85. If the height of the fill
has been raised from 2 m to 5 m, find the shear strength of the soil at base of
the bund. Assume the lateral pressure at any point as one-third of the vertical
pressure. 8

7. a) Explain and compare Boussinerg’s and Westergaards’ theories for stress

distribution. 6
b) Write brief critical notes on settlement of foundations. 6
c) Explain and construct the Newmark chart with an influence value of 0.002. 8

8. Write notes on the following : (5×4=20)

a) Pre-consolidation pressure.
b) Laterites
c) S.E.M. studies
d) Pore pressure measurement
e) Stress-strain behaviour of sand.

_______________
*JEP1026* JEP – 1026

II Semester M.E. (Civil) (Geotechnical Engg.) Degree Examination,

July 2014
(2K8 Scheme)
GT 206 (a) : ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTECHNIQUES (Elective – II)

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : i) Answer any five full questions.

ii) Draw neat sketches wherever necessary.

1. a) Explain about the production and classification of waste. 12

b) Describe hazardous waste as per Environmental protection agency. 8

2. a) With the help of neat sketches explain the following soil structures : 12
i) Dispersed ii) Aggregated
iii) Flocculated iv) Oriented

b) Explain the important geotechnical parameters that influence soil pollutant

interaction. 8

3. a) Explain briefly about the concept, design and construction of Liners. 15

b) Write a brief note on composite liners. 5

4. a) With the help of a neat sketch explain the movement of contaminants in the
groundwater environment. 8

b) Explain the following : 12

i) Advection
ii) Diffusion
iii) Mechanical dispersion.

5. a) What is stabilization and explain how it is useful in the treatment of hazardous

waste ? 5

b) Briefly explain the following : 15

i) Soil – Cement stabilization
ii) Soil – Thermoplastic stabilization
iii) Vitrification.
P.T.O.
JEP – 1026 *JEP1026*

6. List the criteria for siting a treatment, storage and disposal facilities. Also explain
the process of site selection with suitable case study. 20

7. Explain with the help of a case study monitoring of subsurface contamination. 20

8. Write short notes : (4×5=20)

a) Factors affecting thickness of differed double layer

b) Soil – pollutant interaction

c) Reuse of waste materials

d) Role of soil mechanism in Environmental Geotechniques.

———————
*JUP082* JUP – 082

I Semester M.E. (Civil) Degree (Geotechnical Engineering)

Examination, February 2014
2K8GT102/2K8EQ106 SITE INVESTIGATION AND IMPROVEMENT
TECHNIQUES
Common to GT/EQ)

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : 1) Answer any five full questions, choosing atleast two

questions from each Part.
2) Draw neat sketches, wherever necessary.
3) Assume any missing data, suitably.

PART – A

1. a) Explain briefly, the significant depth of exploration. What guidelines are

suggested for deciding the depth of exploration in the case of
i) Shallow foundations
ii) Pile foundations and
iii) Roads ? 10
b) Explain briefly, the ‘wash boring’ method of drilling a bore hole with a neat
sketch. 10

2. a) List the various methods of stabilization of bore holes. Explain briefly, any
two methods. 10
b) Explain briefly, the following types of samplers with neat sketches :
i) Open drive sampler
ii) Stationary piston sampler. 10

3. a) Explain briefly, the method of conducting static cone penetration test in the
field. 10
b) Explain briefly, the seismic refraction method of soil exploration and what
are its limitations ? 10

P.T.O.
JUP – 082 *JUP082*

4. a) Explain briefly :
i) Subsoil investigation report
ii) Core recovery and rock quality designation. 10
b) Estimate the ground water table level, given the following data :
Depth upto which water is bailed out = 15.5 m
Water rise on the first day = 0.82 m
Water rise on the second day = 0.73 m
Water rise on the third day = 0.61 m. 10

PART – B

5. a) What is soil stabilization ? Explain briefly, the mechanical stabilization and

chemical stabilization methods. 10
b) Explain briefly, the electro-osmosis method and vacuum method of dewatering
and their suitability in the field. 10

6. a) What are the uses of protective filter ? Explain briefly, the four main
requirements and two design criteria to be satisfied by filter material. 10
b) Explain briefly, the grouting equipment used in the field, with a neat sketch. 10

7. a) What is relative compaction ? Explain briefly, the effects of compaction on

soil properties. 10
b) It is desired to construct the highway embankment with a compacted unit
weight of 18 kN/m3 and at a water content of 15.8%. The soil from a borrow
pit has a bulk unit weight of 16.2 kN/m3 and water content of 13.8%. Determine
the volume of soil to be excavated from the borrow pit for every 1000 m3 of
compacted soil in the embankment. 10

8. Write short notes on the following :

a) Field compaction equipments. 5
b) Packer grouting. 5
c) Vibroflotation technique. 5
d) Soils of India and their distribution. 5

_______________
*JUP068* JUP – 068

First Semester M.E. (Civil) Degree Examination, February 2014

(Str. Engg.) (2K8 Scheme)
Structural Engineering/Prestressed Concrete/Earthquake Engineering
SE 101/EQ 101 : THEORY OF ELASTICITY AND PLASTICITY

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Note : 1) Answer any one question from Part B and any four from
Part A.
2) Additional data if required may be suitably assumed.

PART – A

1. a) Derive Cauchy’s stress equations to solve the problems in continuum

mechanics for three dimensional systems. 10

b) A rectangular bar of metal of cross-section 30 mm × 25 mm is subjected to

an axial tensile force of 180 kN. Calculate the normal, shear and resultant
stresses on plane whose normal has the following direction cosines 10
1
i) l = m = and n = 0
2
1
ii) l = m = n =
3

2. a) A body is subjected to external loading. Derive the equations of equilibrium in

three dimensions considering the body forces. 10
b) The state of stress at a point in a body is given by the matrix shown below.
⎡2 2 1 ⎤
σij = ⎢⎢2 0 2 ⎥⎥ MPa
⎢⎣1 2 σz ⎥⎦

Determine σ z such that there is at least one plane passing through the point
in such a way that the resultant stress on that plane is zero. Also determine
the direction of that plane. 10
P.T.O.
JUP – 068 -2- *JUP068*

3. a) Explain the need for strain compatibility equations. Derive the expressions
for compatibility in case of three dimensional strain field. 10
b) The strain tensor at a point in a body is given below. Determine
i) Octahedral normal and shearing strains
ii) Deviator and spherical strain tensors. 10

⎡1 2 5⎤
ε ij = ⎢2 3 4 ⎥ × 10 − 4
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣5 4 5 ⎥⎦

4. a) Explain with examples plane stress and plane strain problems. Give the
corresponding state of stress and strain. 10

b) A rectangular strain rosette gives the following data. Find the principal stresses
if E = 2 × 105 MPa and μ = 0.30 10

ε 0 = 670 × 10 −6 ε 45 = 330 × 10 −6 ε 90 = 150 × 10 −6

5. a) Derive Biharmonic expression for bodies involving plane strain conditions

considering the body forces. 10

b) For the beam shown in Fig. 5(b), the following stress functions are considered.
Investigate the stress fields and comment. 10
i) φ = C1x 2 ii) φ = C1xy and iii) φ = C1y 3
*JUP068* -3- JUP – 068

6. a) A long thick walled circular cylinder of internal radius R1 and external radius
R2 is subjected to an internal pressure ‘P’. Given that the sum of radial and
hoop stresses at any point in the wall is constant and also that no shear
stresses are generated, show that the maximum hoop stress is given by

K2 + 1
σθ = P 2 , where K = R2/R1. 10
K −1

b) A long closed cylinder has an internal diameter of 300 mm and an external

diameter of 600 mm. It is subjected to an internal pressure of 100 MPa.
Determine the maximum circumferential and axial stresses in the cylinder.
Also sketch their distribution in the cylinder. 10

PART – B

7. a) List various theories of failure. Explain any two of them. 10

b) The state of stress at a point is given below.

⎡ 105 52 .5 ⎤
⎢52 . 5 180 ⎥ MPa
⎣ ⎦
If the yield strength of the material is 188 MPa obtained by uniaxial tensile
test, verify whether yielding will occur according to Tresca’s or von-Mises
yield criteria. 10

8. a) Write a note on the geometrical representation of yield criteria. 10

b) Explain the following : 10

i) Strain hardening behaviour
ii) Strain softening behaviour.

———————
*JUP084* JUP – 084

I Semester M.E. (Civil) (Geotechnical Engg.) Degree Examination,

February 2014
(Semester Scheme) (2K8)
Gt 104/EQ 104 : ADVANCED SOIL MECHANICS
(Common to GT/EQ)

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : i) Answer any five full questions.

ii) Missing data if any, may be assumed suitably.

1. a) What are clay forming minerals ? Briefly explain the structure of any two
clay forming minerals. 8

b) Explain the meaning of “Texture” and “Structure” of a soil. 6

c) Distinguish between “Black Cotton Soil” and “Laterite” from an engineering

point of view. 6

2. a) Write an explanatory note on “Base exchange capacity” of soils. 6

b) What is diffused double layer ? Explain briefly the Guoy-Chapman diffused

double layer theory. 6

c) Explain the following : 8

i) X-ray diffraction analysis

ii) SEM studies.

3. a) Discuss the effect of compaction of various engineering properties of soils. 6

b) Explain the structure of soil samples along the compaction curve, as

influenced by the varying compactive effort. 6

c) Briefly discuss the factors influencing the shear strength of soils. 8

P.T.O.
JUP – 084 -2- *JUP084*

4. a) What is Newmark’s influence chart ? Write a brief critical notes on this. 6

b) Explain and construct the Newmarks chart with an influence value of 0.002.
A raft foundation of size 4m x 4m carries a uniform load of 200 kPa. Using
Newmarks, chart, calculate the stress increment at a point in the soil which
is 4m below the centre of the loaded area. 14

5. a) Explain the shear strength characteristics of sand and normally loaded clays. 6

b) Why is sand thought to be a “friction type” material ? Can saturated sand

exhibit a φ = 0 ? If so under what circumstance ? 6

c) Two samples of a soil were subjected to shear tests. The results were as
follows.

σ3 (kPa) 100 300

σ1 (kPa) 240 630

If a further sample of the same soil was tested under a minor principle
stress of 200kPa, what value of major principle stress can be expected at
failure ? 8

6. a) Differentiate between shear strength parameters obtained from total and

effective stress considerations. 6

b) Define effective stress. Explain the concept of effective stress with the help
of spring analogy. 6

c) A thin Layer of silt exists at a 18 m below the surface of the ground. The soil
above thin level has an average dry density of 18 KN/m3 and an average
water content of 30%. The water table is at the ground surface. Tests on
undisturbed sample of silt indicated, Cu = 45 kPa, φ u = 18°, C1 = 36 kPa
and φ′ = 27°. Estimate the shearing resistance of the silt on a horizontal
plane,
i) When the shear stresses builds up rapidly
ii) When the shear stresses builds up very slowly. 8
*JUP084* -3- JUP – 084

7. a) Differentiate between total settlement and differential settlement. How do

they influence the design of a foundation ? Which one is critical from the
design print of view ? Explain. 8

b) A shallow foundation of size 3m x 3m, in plan, is resting in sand at a depth

of 2 m (unit weight = 20 KN/m3) and exerts a pressure of 200 kPa. The
variation of Young’s modules of soil with depth is as follows :

Depth below GL : 2m 4m 6m 8m 10m

Es, kPa : 8,000 8,000 10,000 10,000 12,000

Estimate the immediate settlement of the foundation 5 years after the

construction by using strain influence factor method. 12

8. Write notes on the following : (5×4=20)

a) Pre-consolidation pressure.

b) Pore-pressure co-efficients.

c) Lambe’s compaction theory.

d) Stress-strain behaviour of sand.

e) Consolidatory settlement.

———————
*ME122* ME – 122
First Semester M.E. (Civil/Engg.) Degree Examination, July 2016
2K8SE101 : THEORY OF ELASTICITY AND PLASTICITY
Major : Structural Engineering/Prestressed Concrete/EarthQuake
Engineering

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks :100

Note : 1) Answer any one question from Part – B and any four from
Part – A.
2) Additional data if required may be suitably assumed.

PART – A

1. a) Derive Cauhy’s stress equations for an arbitrary plane in three dimensions.

Also obtain: 10
i) Resultant stress
ii) Normal stress and
iii) Shear stress on the plane.
b) A prismatic bar of length ‘L’ loaded under its own weight (W = rg) is fixed to
the roof of a building as shown in Figure 1. Determine the stresses developed
at the free end and at the fixed end of the bar. Here ‘r’ is density of the
material and ‘g’ is the acceleration due to gravity. 5

Fig. 1
c) The stress field for the cantilever beam of depth 2h considering bending and
transverse shear effects are given below.
P x y P

 
  0 a n d  
( h
y )

N O N O

I 2 I

Verify that this stress field is possible or not. Here P is the concentrated load
acting at the free end of the beam. 5
P.T.O.
ME – 122 -2- *ME122*

2. a) Derive the equilibrium equations for two dimensional problems considering

body forces. Also extend these equations for three dimensional systems. 10
b) The state of stress at a point in a material is defined by the following matrix.

 "  ! 

 



MPa
 "   



i j



!     


 

Find the stress vector acting on a plane passing through the point and parallel
to the plane x + 2y + 2z – 6 = 0. 10

3. a) Explain the practical significance of strain compatibility equations. Derive the

compatibility equations for two dimensional systems and extend them to three
dimensions. 10
b) A thin plate with sides AB = 0.8 m and CD = 0.6 m before loading as shown in
figure 2 is deformed to new geometry as shown in dashed lines due to
subsequent loading. Determine the components of strain at point A. 10

Fig. 2

4. a) Distinguish between plane stress and plane strain problems. With usual
notation, derive the following expression if, Fx and Fy are the body force
components and is the Poisson’s ratio. 10

 .

   

      .

         


N O 

    N  O
 N  O

   
*ME122* -3- ME – 122

b) A rectangular strain rosette gives the following data. Find the principal stresses
if E = 2 × 105 MPa and = 0.30. 10

$
$
$

  $ % 
    ! ! 
     # 
 

 " # ' 

5. a) Using Airy’s stress function, derive Biharmonic expression for bodies involving
plane stress conditions considering the body forces,. 10
b) Show that the following Airy’s stress function represents the stress distribution
in a cantilever beam loaded at the free end with load P.
!

  )  N O
N O D 

"

Find the value of A if . Take b and h as width and depth of

D

   = J O 

N O

beam respectively. 10
6. a) A thick cylinder of length ‘L’, internal radius ‘r’ and external radius ‘R’ is
subjected to internal pressure ‘p’ only. Sketch the distribution of axial and
hoop stresses in the cylinder. Comment on the maximum hoop stress. 10
b) A steel tube of outside diameter 20 cm and inside diameter 10 cm is subjected
to an internal pressure of 15 MPa and an external pressure of 6 MPa. Calculate
the maximum hoop stress in the tube. 10
PART – B

7. a) Explain with sketches the stress-strain behaviour of the following : 10

i) Elastic-perfectly plastic material
ii) Elastic-linear strain hardening material
b) A circular shaft is to be designed to resist a bending moment of 12 kN-m
together with a torsional moment of 10 kN-m. The yield stress of the material
of the shaft if 205 N/mm2. Assuming a factor of safety of 2 and using the
octahedral shear stress theory design the diameter of the shaft. 10

8. a) Explain :
i) Tresca yield criteria and
ii) Von-Mises yield criteria. 10
b) Explain with sketch the geometrical representation of yield criteria. 10

–––––––––––
*ME128* ME – 128

I Semester M.E. (Civil) Degree Examination, July 2016

Major : (GT/EQ)
2K8Gt 104/2K8 EQ 104 : ADVANCED SOIL MECHANICS

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : i) Answer any five full questions.

ii) Missing data, if any, may be assured suitably.

1. a) Explain the complexity of soils as an Engineering Material. 6

b) Explain the factors influencing the formation and behaviour of soils. 6
c) What are clay forming minerals ? Explain the three clay minerals, generally
found in soils. 8

2. a) Explain the ‘Inter-atomic bonding’ in soils. 8

b) An X-ray diffraction tracking of a clay sample shows peaks at 2 = 5°, 10°,

12.2°, 24.7° and 25.5°. Copper K radiation is used, for which Å = 1.5414.

What minerals are present in the sample ? If the measured CEC is 40 me/100 g,
what is the approximate proportion of the two clay minerals in the sample ?
Describe an X-ray diffractometer and obtain Bragg’s relation. 12

3. a) What is diffused Double Layer ? Explain Guoy-Chapman diffused double layer

theory. 6
b) Define the ‘structure’ of a soil. How it is measured ? Explain. 6
c) What is cation exchange capacity of soils ? Explain its importance in fine
grained soil. 8
4. a) What is stress path ? Why is it different for effective stress condition and
total stress condition ? 6
b) Considering typical examples show that shear strength of soil is not its unique
property but depends on stress path, stress history and stress level. 6
c) Draw effective and total stress paths from the following results of a triaxial
test conducted on a cohesive soil.
Cell pressure kPa 20 20 20 20 20
Deviator stress kPa 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5
Pore pressure kPa 0.9 1.00 3.25 5.10 7.5 8

P.T.O.
ME – 128 *ME128*

5. a) Measured shear strength of indentical soil samples by different tests like

UCC, vane shear and Triaxial will be different. Justify this statement giving
reasons. 8
b) Given the following triaxial test data, plot the results
i) in a Mohr diagram and
ii) in a p – q diagram and determine in each method.


12


(kPa)
!
Peak

(kPa)


68.9 190.3
137.9 375.8
206.8 579.2
275.8 758.4
399.7 958.4
413.7 1144.6

6. a) Explain the “structure” of a soil along the compaction curve, as affected by

the compactive effort. Draw typical compaction curves for :
i) Well graded gravel with fines ii) Well graded sandy clay
iii) Silty clay iv) Highly plastic clay 8
b) Write a brief critical note on the concept of pressure bulb and its use in soil
engineering practice. 6
c) Bring out the differences in Boussinesq and Westergaards methods of stress
analysis. 6

7. a) Enumerate different components of settlement of soil. Explain the methods

for computing each component. 6
b) A footing 2 m square is located at 1.5 m below the surface of a uniform soil
deposit of unit weight 20 kN/m3. The void ratio of the soil is 0.8 and its
compression index is 0.67. If the total thickness of the deposit, which is
underlined by rock strata is 3.5 m, Compute the consolidation settlement of
the footing when it carries a load of 225 kN. Use Trapezoidal stress distribution
(2H : 1V) and consider 3 layers. 8
c) Write an explanatory note on “Differential settlement”. 6

8. Write notes on the following : 20

a) Pre-consolidation pressure.
b) Selection of test for determining shear strength.
c) Pore size analysis.
d) Pore pressure co-efficients.

_______________
*ME111* ME – 111
I Semester M.E. (Civil) (GT/EQ) Degree Examination, June/July 2015
(2K8 Scheme)
GT 104/EQ 104 : ADVANCED SOIL MECHANICS

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : i) Answer any 5 full questions.

ii) Missing data may be assumed suitably.

1. a) What are clay forming minerals ? Explain the structure of

i) Kaolinite
ii) Montmorillonite. 6

b) Explain the meaning of “Texture” and “Structure” of a soil. 6

c) State and explain Bragg’s law. How is it useful in the qualitative determination
of clay minerals. 8

2. a) List the basic engineering properties of soils. Critically comment on their use. 6

b) What is “Base Exchange Capacity” of soils ? How is it determined in the

laboratory ? Explain. 6

c) Explain the “Inter Atomic Bonding” in soils. 8

3. a) Listing the various factors that influence the compaction of soils. Show their
influence with illustrative sketches of compaction curves. 6

b) Briefly explain Taylor’s stability number and its uses. 6

c) Draw the effective and total stress path for the following results of CU test
conducted on a cohesive soil sample.
Cell pressure (kPa) 20 20 20 20 20
Deviator stress (kPa) 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5
Pore pressure (kPa) 0.90 2.0 3.25 5.10 7.5 8

P.T.O.
ME – 111 -2- *ME111*

4. a) Write a brief critical note on the concept of pressure bulb and its use in
soil engineering practice. 6
b) Bring out the carefulness of laboratory compaction test in soil engineering
practice. 6
c) A triaxial compression test on a cohesive soil sample yields the following :
σ 1 = 200 kPa, σ 3 = 80 kPa, Angle of inclination of rapture plane = 60° (to the
horizontal). Present this data by means of a Mohr’s circle of stress. Find C
and φ . 8

5. a) What is stress path ? Why it is different for effective stress condition and
total stress condition. 6
b) Is it possible to control the effective stress path in field situation ? Explain
the advantages of controlling effective stress path in the field. 6
c) For the loading condition shown in Fig. 1, plot the stress path for points
“A” to “E”. 8

Fig. 1 (not to scale)

6. a) Briefly discuss the factors influencing the shear strength of soils. 6

b) Differentiate between shear strength parameters obtained from total and
effective stress considerations. 6
*ME111* -3- ME – 111

c) A thin layer of silt exists at a depth of 10 m below the surface of the ground.
The soil above this level has an average dry unit weight of 15 kN/m3 and
an average water content of 20%. The water table is at the ground surface.
Cu = 45 kPa, φu = 18°, C′ = 36 kPa, φ′ = 27°. Estimate the shear strength of
silt on a horizontal plane when,
i) Shear stress builds up rapidly
ii) Shear stress builds up slowly. 8

7. a) Explain and compare Boussinesq and Westergaard theories for stress

distribution. 6

b) Why is the sand thought to be a “friction type” material ? Can saturated

sand exhibit φ = 0 ? If so, under what circumstances ? 6
c) Differentiate between “total settlement” and “Differential settlement”. How do
they influence the design of a foundation structure ? Which one is critical for
from the design point of view and why ? 8

8. Write notes on the following : (5×4=20)

a) Soil deposits of India

b) Pore size analysis
c) Pre consolidation pressure

d) Creep in soils.

_______________________
 “á û’ û ý ’ ”á” ”á “ ”

*PED053* PED – 053

I Semester M.E. (Civil) (Geotechnical Engg.) Degree Examination,

January 2015
2K8GT 105 : DESIGN OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : 1) Answer any five full questions.

2) Missing data may be assumed suitably.

1. a) Explain the differences between Terzaghi’s and Meyerhof’s theories for bearing
capacity. 10

b) A 2m × 2m footing has the geometry and loading as shown in Figure 1. The

properties of the foundation soil are γ = 18.2 kN/m3, φ = 20° and C = 30 KPa.
Is the footing adequate against shear failure with a factor of safety of 3. Use
Hansen’s recommendations. Refer tables for bearing capacity, shape, depth,
inclination, ground and base factors. 10

Figure 1

P.T.O.
PED – 053 -2- *PED053*

2. a) Explain with neat sketches, Meyerhof’s method of computing ultimate bearing

capacity of foundations on slopes. 10

b) A square footing 1.2 m × 1.2 m rests at a depth of 1 m in saturated clay layer

4 m deep. The clay is normally consolidated having an U.C.C. strength of
40 kN/m2. The soil has a liquid limit of 30% , γ sat = 17.8 kN/m3, W = 28% and
G = 2.68. Determine the load which the footing can carry safely with a factor
of safety of 3 against shear. Also determine the settlement if the footing is
loaded with this safe load. Use Terzaghi’s analysis for bearing capacity. 10

3. a) Explain the various methods of determining the bearing capacity of rock. 10

b) A drilled pier with diameter 1.0 m founded at 3.5 m in a rock mass has to
carry 25000 kN/m2 pressure. The average RQD of the core below the pier
point is 50%. Estimate the allowable bearing capacity for the pier base.
Take γrock = 24.5 kN/m 3. 10

4. a) Explain the step by step procedure of proportioning of footings. 10

b) A total load of 1000 kN is uniformly distributed over a rectangular footing of

size 2m × 3m shown in Figure - 2. Find the vertical stress at a depth of 3.0 m
below the footing at point C, under one corner and D, under the centre. If
another footing of size 1 m × 3 m with a total load of 500 kN is constructed
adjoining the previous footing, what is the additional vertical stress at the
point ‘C’ at the same depth due to the construction of the second footing ? Refer
Figure 2 for influence value. 10

Figure 2
*PED053* -3- PED – 053

5. a) Explain briefly reliability of settlement calculations. 5

b) Explain the structural tolerance to settlement and differential settlement. 5

c) Proportion a square footing to carry a load of 1200 kN from a column. The

depth of foundation is to be kept at 2 m below the ground surface. Maximum
permissible settlement of the footing is 40 mm and a factor of safety of 3 is
required against shear failure. The subsoil is sand with an average corrected
‘N’ value of 18 as established from borings. Water table is at a large depth.
Use Teng’s correlations. 10

6. a) Explain with neat sketches, the determination of ultimate bearing capacity of

footing resting on stratified deposit. 10

b) What is contact pressure ? Explain with neat sketches, the contact pressure
distribution in case of flexible and rigid footing on

i) Cohesionless soils

ii) Cohesive soils. 10

7. a) Explain briefly the procedure for calculating bearing capacity of mat

foundations. 10

b) Explain the procedure to be adopted for the control of mat foundation

settlements. 10
PED – 053 -4- *PED053*

8. Write short notes on the following :

a) Effect of size of footing on settlement.

b) Structures on fills.

c) Footing depth and spacing.

d) Isobars. (4×5=20)
*PED053* -5- PED – 053
PED – 053 -6- *PED053*

______________
*PED054* PED – 054

I Semester M.E. (Civil) Degree Examination, January 2015

Geotechnical Engineering
2K8Gt104/2K8EQ104 : ADVANCED SOIL MECHANICS (Common to GT/EQ)

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : i) Answer any 5 full questions.

ii) Missing data may be assumed suitably.

1. a) Explain the complexity of a soil, as an engineering material. 10

b) Name the typical soil deposits found in India and discuss critically on their
engineering behaviour. 10

2. a) What are clay minerals ? Explain in details their importance in the engineering
behaviour of soils. 10

b) Write an explanatory note on “Base Exchange Capacity” of soil, bringing out

its importance in soil behaviour. 10

3. a) Define “Diffused Double Layer”. Explain Guoy-Chapman diffused double layer

theory. 10

b) Briefly explain the methods for Clay-structure measurement. 10

4. a) With illustration, discuss on the Engineering properties of compacted soils. 6

b) Define Skempton’s pore pressure parameters. 6

c) A soil sample consists of particles ranging in six from 0.6 mm to 0.02 mm.
The average specific gravity of the particle is 2.66. Determine the time of
settlement of the coarrest and finest of these particles through a depth of 1.0 m.
Assume viscosity of water = 0.001 N-S/m2. 8

P.T.O.
PED – 054 -2- *PED054*

5. a) Discuss why the ultimate strength of a loose sand and dense sand sample
consolidated at the same effective stress are the same, where as the peak
strength are different. 6

b) Write a brief critical note on concept of pressure bulb and its use in soil
Engineering practice. 6

c) A particular soil failed under a major principal stress of 300 kPa. If for the
same soil, the minor principle stress had been 200 kPa, determine what the
major principle stress would have been if (i) φ = 30° and (ii) φ = 0. 8

6. a) “Measured shear strength of identical soil samples by different tests like

UCC, vane shear, triaxial tests are different”. Justify this statement giving
reasons. 6

b) Clearly bring out the difference between Boussinesq theory and Westergaard
theory for the calculation of vertical stress. 6

c) A cylindrical specimen of stiff saturated clay failed under an axial load of 130 N
in a UCC test. The compression of the specimen was 13 mm at failure. If the
rupture plane makes an angle of 54° with the horizontal, determine the shear
strength parameters. If an identical specimen of the same soil is tested in a
triaxial shear apparatus at a cell pressure of 100 kPa, what would be the
axial stress at failure. 8

7. a) Enumerate different components of settlement of soil. Explain the method of

computing each component. 6

b) The plan of proposed soil heap is shown in Fig. 1. The heap will rest on a thick,
soft alluvial clay with E = 18 MN/m2. The eventual uniform bearing pressure
on the soil will be 270 MN/m2. Estimate the immediate settlement under the
point marked “X” at the surface of the soil. Given, 14

L/ B 1 2 3

If 0.56 0.76 0.88

*PED054* -3- PED – 054

8. Write notes on the following : (5×4=20)

a) Prose size analysis
b) Taylor’s stability number
c) Effect of strain rate on shear strength parameters
d) Secondary consolidation.
–––––––––––––––––
*PED055* PED – 055

I Semester M.E. (Civil) (Geotechnical Engg.) Degree

Examination, January 2015
(2K8 Scheme)
2K8GT102/2K8EQ106 (E-1) : SITE INVESTIGATION AND IMPROVEMENT
TECHNIQUES
(Common to GT/EQ)

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : 1) Answer any five full questions choosing atleast two
questions from each Part.
2) Draw neat sketches wherever necessary.
3) Assume any missing data, suitably.
PART – A

1. a) Explain briefly, the ‘significant depth’ of soil exploration. What guidelines are
suggested for deciding the depth of exploration in the case of shallow
foundations, pile foundations and roads ? 10
b) Explain briefly, the informatory borings, main borings and supplementary
borings with reference to soil exploration program for a bridge site with a
neat sketch. 10

2. a) Distinguish between thin wall and thick wall samplers. With a neat sketch,
explain briefly, the stationary piston sampler. 10
b) Explain briefly, the following preliminary steps to be considered for site
investigation.
i) Reconnaissance
ii) Study of maps and
iii) Aerial photography. 10

3. a) List the various methods of protecting the sides of a bore hole. Explain briefly,
any two methods. 10
b) Explain briefly, the static cone penetration test and dynamic cone penetration
test. 10

P.T.O.
PED – 055 -2- *PED055*

4. a) Explain briefly, the core boring, core recovery and rock quality designation. 10
b) Estimate the depth of ground water table level from the following data :
Depth upto which the water is bailed out = 15.2 m
Water rise on the first day = 0.81 m
Water rise on the second day = 0.72 m
Water rise on the third day = 0.61 m 10

PART – B

5. a) Explain briefly, the various field compaction equipments and their suitability
in the field. 10
b) Explain briefly, the two basic injection methods used in grouting with their
advantages and disadvantages. 10

6. a) What are the uses of protective filter ? Discuss briefly, the requirements and
design criteria of a good filter material. 10
b) The soil in a borrow pit has a void ratio of 0.82. An embankment of volume of
70,000 m3 is to be constructed with in place dry density of 18.3 kN/m3.
Calculate the volume of soil to be excavated from the borrow pit.
Take G = 2.66. 10

7. a) Explain briefly, the problematic soils of India and its distribution with a neat
sketch. 10
b) Explain briefly, the grouting equipment used for grouting in the field. 10
8. Write short notes on the following : (4×5=20)
a) Lime stabilization
b) Construction of sand drains
c) Dewatering by electro-osmosis method
d) Vibro compaction by blasting.

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*PED057* PED – 057

First Semester M.E. (Civil) Degree Examination, January 2015

(Structural Engineering Prestressed Concrete/Earthquake Engineering)
2K8SE 101 : THEORY OF ELASTICITY AND PLASTICITY

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : 1) Answer any four questions from Part – A and any one from
Part – B.
2) Additional data if required may be suitably assumed.

PART – A

1. a) Define stress tensor. Derive Cauchy’s equations for stresses on an arbitrary

plane in three dimensions. 10

b) The state of stress at a point in a material is defined by the following matrix.

⎡ 15 10 − 10 ⎤
σ ij = ⎢ 10 10 0 ⎥ MPa
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣− 10 0 40 ⎥⎦

Determine the magnitude of normal and shear stresses on a surface intersecting

the point and parallel to the plane 2x – y + 3z – 9 = 0. 10

2. a) The stress field at a point in a body is given below.

σx =
w
101
(5x 2 + 2c 2 y −
31
)
w 3
y ,σy = −
w
61
( )
2 c 3 + 3 c 2y − y 3, and

τ xy =
w
21
(
x c 2 − y2 )
Does it represent a possible stress field ? If not find the essential condition for
possible stress field. 10

b) A solid circular shaft of diameter 100 mm is subjected to pure torsion. The

resulting stress field is given below.
⎡ 0 0 − Ay ⎤
σ ij = ⎢ 0 0 Ax ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ − Ay Ax 0 ⎥⎦
P.T.O.
PED – 057 -2- *PED057*

Where A is a constant. Find the principal stresses and maximum shear stress

at point (1, 2, 4). 10

3. a) What is the practical significance of strain compatibility equations ? Derive the

necessary compatibility equations. 10
b) Three strain gauges in the form of delta rosette are attached to a particular point
on the surface of a concrete structure and following direct strains were measured.

ε 0 = 0.00176, ε = 0.00153 and ε = 0.000492

120

240

Determine the magnitude and direction of the principal strains in the concrete. 10

4. a) Derive the compatibility equation in terms of stresses for plane stress problems
including the body forces. 10

b) A steel plate of side x = y = 100 mm and 2 mm thick is loaded in biaxial tension

with σ x = 1000 MPa and σ y = 400 MPa. What is the new thickness due to
these stresses ? If a compressive stress of 600 MPa is further added on the
plate in the direction of thickness of plate, what is the new thickness ? Take
elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the material as 300 GPa and 0.10
respectively. 10

5. a) Derive Biharmonic expression for bodies involving plane stress conditions

considering the body forces. 10

b) Verify about the possibility of the given stress function. If so, investigate what
problems of plane stress can be solved by the stress function ?
φ=
A 3
6
( )
x + y 3 + A 1xy

Where A and A1 are arbitrary constants ? Also sketch the distribution of stress. 10

6. a) A thick cylinder of external and internal diameter ‘D’ and ‘d’ respectively is
subjected to both internal and external pressures pi and po respectively. Prove
that the sum of radial stress and hoop stress in the cylinder produce uniform
contraction and tension along the length of the cylinder. 10
b) A steel cylinder which has an inside diameter of 2 m is subjected to an internal
pressure of 16 MPa. If the maximum shearing stress in the material
is not to exceed 35 MPa, calculate the thickness of the cylinder. 10
*PED057* -3- PED – 057

PART – B

7. a) Explain with sketches the stress-strain behavior of material for the case of
strain hardening and strain softening. 10
b) Explain in detail any two theories of failure of a material. 10

8. a) The state of stress at a point is given below.

⎡ 105 52 .5 ⎤
⎢52. 5 180 ⎥ MPa
⎣ ⎦
If the yield strength of the material is 187.5 MPa obtained by uniaxial tensile
test, verify whether yielding will occur according to Tresca’s or Von-Mises yield
criteria. 10
b) Explain with a sketch geometrical representation of yield criteria. 10
_____________