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Iron Deficiency, or Sideropaenia, Is The State in Which A Body Lacks

Iron deficiency, also known as sideropaenia, occurs when the body does not have enough iron to meet its needs. Iron is essential for carrying oxygen in hemoglobin and for cellular processes. Untreated iron deficiency can lead to iron-deficiency anemia, a common type of anemia characterized by inadequate red blood cells or hemoglobin. When the body is low in iron, hemoglobin production decreases, reducing oxygen delivery throughout the body. Children, pre-menopausal women, and those with poor diets are most at risk. While most cases are mild, untreated anemia can cause health problems.

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63 views6 pages

Iron Deficiency, or Sideropaenia, Is The State in Which A Body Lacks

Iron deficiency, also known as sideropaenia, occurs when the body does not have enough iron to meet its needs. Iron is essential for carrying oxygen in hemoglobin and for cellular processes. Untreated iron deficiency can lead to iron-deficiency anemia, a common type of anemia characterized by inadequate red blood cells or hemoglobin. When the body is low in iron, hemoglobin production decreases, reducing oxygen delivery throughout the body. Children, pre-menopausal women, and those with poor diets are most at risk. While most cases are mild, untreated anemia can cause health problems.

Uploaded by

Jopaii Tanaka
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Iron deficiency, or sideropaenia, is the state in which a body lacks

enough iron to supply its needs.


Iron is present in all cells in the human body and has several vital functions,
such as carrying oxygen to the tissues from the lungs as a key component
of the hemoglobin protein, acting as a transport medium for electrons within
the cells in the form of cytochromes, and facilitating oxygen enzyme
reactions in various tissues. Too little iron can interfere with these vital
functions and lead to morbidity and death.
Untreated iron deficiency can lead to iron-deficiency anemia, a common
type of anemia.
Anemia is a condition characterized by inadequate red blood cells
(erythrocytes) or hemoglobin.
When the body lacks sufficient amounts of iron, production of the protein
hemoglobin is reduced. Hemoglobin binds to oxygen, enabling red blood
cells to supply oxygenated blood throughout the body. Children, pre-
menopausal women (women of child-bearing age) and people with poor
diet are most susceptible to the disease. Most cases of iron-deficiency
anemia are mild, but if not treated it can cause problems like fast or
irregular heartbeat, complications during pregnancy, and delayed growth in
infants and children.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

 fatigue
 dizziness/light-headedness
 pallor
 hair loss
 twitches
 irritability
 weakness
 pica
 brittle or grooved nails
 hair thinning
 Plummer–Vinson syndrome: painful atrophy of the mucous
membrane covering the tongue, the pharynx and the esophagus
 impaired immune function
 pagophagia
 restless legs syndrome

CAUSES:

 blood loss (hemoglobin contains iron)


 donation
 excessive menstrual bleeding
 non-menstrual bleeding
 bleeding from the gastrointestinal
tract (ulcers, hemorrhoids, ulcerative colitis, stomach or colon cancer,
etc.)
 rarely, laryngological bleeding or from the respiratory tract
 inadequate intake (see below)
 substances (in diet or drugs) interfering with iron absorption
 Fluoroquinolone antibiotics
 malabsorption syndromes
 inflammation where it is adaptive to limit bacterial growth in infection, but
is also present in many other chronic diseases such as Inflammatory
bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis
 parasitic infection
Though genetic defects causing iron deficiency have been studied in
rodents, there are no known genetic disorders of human iron
metabolism that directly cause iron deficiency.

PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA

Globally, anaemia affects 1.62 billion people (95% CI: 1.50–1.74 billion),
which corresponds to 24.8% of the population (95% CI: 22.9–26.7%). The
highest prevalence is in preschool-age children (47.4%, 95% CI: 45.7–
49.1), and the lowest prevalence is in men (12.7%, 95% CI: 8.6–16.9%).
However, the population group with the greatest number of individuals
affected is non-pregnant women (468.4 million, 95% CI: 446.2–490.6).

https://www.who.int/vmnis/anaemia/prevalence/summary/anaemia_data_st
atus_t2/en/
Philippines - Prevalence of anemia

Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (% of


women ages 15-49)

Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (% of women


ages 15-49) in Philippines was 15.70 as of 2016. Its highest value over the
past 26 years was 38.30 in 1990, while its lowest value was 15.70 in 2016.

Definition: Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age refers


to the combined prevalence of both non-pregnant with haemoglobin levels
below 12 g/dL and pregnant women with haemoglobin levels below 11
g/dL.

Source: World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data


Repository/World Health Statistics
(http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.1?lang=en).
DIETARY CHANGES FOR IRON DEFICIENCY

Mild iron deficiency can be prevented or corrected by eating iron-rich


foods and by cooking in an iron skillet. Because iron is a requirement for
most plants and animals, a wide range of foods provide iron.

Good sources of dietary iron have heme-iron, as this is most easily


absorbed and is not inhibited by medication or other dietary
components. Three examples are red meat, poultry, and insects.

Non-heme sources do contain iron, though it has reduced


bioavailability. Examples are lentils, beans, leafy vegetables, pistachios,
tofu, fortified bread, and fortified breakfast cereals.

Iron from different foods is absorbed and processed differently by the body;
for instance, iron in meat (heme-iron source) is more easily absorbed
than iron in grains and vegetables ("non-heme" iron sources).

Minerals and chemicals in one type of food may also inhibit absorption of
iron from another type of food eaten at the same time. For example,
oxalates and phytic acid form insoluble complexes which bind iron in the
gut before it can be absorbed.

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