1.

Finite automata recognizes --------grammars

2.
All member functions are _____ to it's class by default
3.
Having more than one constructor in a class is
4.
Which of the following is a complete function?
5.
Overloading the function operator
6.
A property which is not true for classes is that they
7.
A friend function to a class A cannot access
8.
What will be the output of the following code #include void main() { int i; int a[3]=5; for (i=2;i>=0;i--) {
printf(?%d\n?,a[i]); } }
9.
In C++, dynamic memory allocation is achieved with the operator _______
10.
Which is not a proper prototype?
11.
Variables inside parenthesis of functions declarations have _______ level access.
12.
Which of the following is the insertion operator?
13.
If you assign a default value to any variable in a function prototype's parameter list, then _____
14.
What does the following declaration mean?
int (*ptr)[10];
15.
Which of the following calls a function named displayName, passing it no actual arguments?
16.
If you want to use a class to define objects in many different programs, you should define the class
in a C++ _____ file
17.
Many programmers separate a class into two files: _____
18.
How will you free the allocated memory ?
19.
Files whose names end in .h are called _____ files
20.
Overloading involves writing two or more functions with ________
21.
Usually a pure virtual function
22.
Two access specifiers in C++ are
23.
The library function used to find the last occurrence of a character in a string is
24.
___________ programs automatically connects to web sites and download documents and save
them to local drive
25.
Given the code
String s1 = ? VIT? ;
String s2 = ? VIT ? ;
String s3 = new String ( s1);
Which of the following would equate to true?
25.
Given the code
String s1 = ? VIT? ;
String s2 = ? VIT ? ;
String s3 = new String ( s1);
Which of the following would equate to true?
26.
____________ is referred to as Static Web
27.
How do you write "Hello World" in PHP?
28.
What does JSP stand for?
29.
What are the parameters of the service method?
30.
Which of these methods has no restrictions on content size when a form is submitted.

31.
The following function computes the maximum value contained in an integer array
p[ ] of size n (n >= 1).
int max(int *p, int n) {
int a=0, b=n-1;
while (__________) {
if (p[a] <= p[b]) { a = a+1; }
else { b = b-1; }
}
return p[a];
}
The missing loop condition is
32.
Consider the following recursive C function.
Void get (int n)
{if (n<1) return;
get (n-1)
get (n-3) ;
printf ("%d",n);
If get(6) function is being called in main () then how many times will the get() function be
invoked before returning to the main ( ) ?
33.
Which of the following is/are example(s) of stateful application layer protocols?
(i)HTTP
(ii)FTP
(iii)TCP
(iv)POP3
34.
#include
int main ()
{
static int a[]={10, 20, 30 40, 50};
static int *p[]= {a, a+3, a+4, a+1, a+2};
int **ptr=p;
ptr++;
printf ("%d%d", ptr p, **ptr);
}
The output of the program is __________
35.
What will be the output of the following C program?
void count(int n){
static int d=1;
printf("%d ", n);
printf("%d ", d);
d++;
if(n>1) count(n-1);
printf("%d ", d);
}
void main(){
count(3);
}
36.
Consider the following program:
int f(int *p, int n)
{
if (n <= 1) return 0;
else return max ( f (p+1, n-1),p[0]-p[1]);
}
int main()
{
int a[] = {3,5,2,6,4};
printf("%d", f(a,5));
}
The value printed by this program is
37.
To prevent any method from overriding, the method has to declared as,

38.
A Search engine can serve as

39.
Consider the following C program.
#include
int f1 (void) ;
int f 2 void ;
int x 10;
int main ()
{
int x=1;
x+=f1()+ f2()+f3()+f2() ;
printf("%d", x);
return 0;
}
int f1(){int x=25; x++; return x;}
int f2(){static int x =50; x++;return x;}
int f3(){x*=10; return x};
The output of the program is_________.
40.
Consider the function func shown below:
int func(int num) {
int count = 0;
while (num) {
count++;
num>>= 1;
}
return (count);
}
The value returned by func(435)is
41.
Consider the following C program segment.
#include
intmain()
{char sl [7]="1234",*p;
p=sl+2;
*p='0';
printf ("%s",sl)
}
What will be printed by the program?
42.
Which one is the first search engine in internet?

43.
Sockets originate from
44.
What will be printed as the output of the following program?
public class testincr
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i = 0;
i = i++ + i;
System.out.println(" I = " +i);
}
}
45.
An object of class A receives a message with an argument that is an instance of class B. Identify
the type of relationship between class A and Class B:

46.
A graphical HTML browser resident at a network client machine Q accesses a static HTML
webpage from a HTTP server S. The static HTML page has exactly one static embedded image
which is also at S. Assuming no caching, which one of the following is correct about the HTML
webpage loading (including the embedded image)?
47.
Consider the following program in C language:
#include
main()
{
int i;
int *pi = &i;
scanf(?%d?,pi);
printf(?%d\n?, i+5);
}
Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
48.
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x=20;
if(!(!x)&&x)
cout<<x;
else
{
x=10;
cout<<x;
return 0;
}
}
49.
Consider the following function written the C programming language.
void foo (char * a ) {
if (* a & & * a ! =' ' ){
putchar (*a);
}
}
}
The output of the above function on input 'ABCD EFGH' is
50.
A set of documents in which a given document can contain text, graphics video and audio clips as well as
embedded references to other documents world wide web pages are called as
---------------
51.
Given the following structure template, choose the correct syntax for accessing the
5th subject marks of the 3rd student:

struct stud
{
int marks[6];
char sname[20];
char rno[10];
}s[10];

52.
Consider the following C code segment:
int a, b, c = 0;
void prtFun(void);
main( )
{ static int a = 1; /* Line 1 */
prtFun( );
a + = 1;
prtFun( )
printf(?\n %d %d ?, a, b);
}
void prtFun(void)
{ static int a=2; /* Line 2 */
int b=1;
a+=++b;
printf(?\n %d %d ?, a, b);
}
What output will be generated by the given code segment if:
Line 1 is replaced by auto int a = 1;
Line 2 is replaced by register int a = 2;
53.
Consider the following program:
int f(int *p, int n)
{
if (n <= 1) return 0;
else return max ( f (p+1, n-1),p[0]-p[1]);
}
int main()
{
int a[] = {3,5,2,6,4};
printf("%d", f(a,5));
}
The value printed by this program is
54.
Consider the following program in C language:

main()
{
int i;
int *pi = &i;
scanf("%d",pi);
printf("%d\n", i+5);
}
Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
55.
Which method is used for loading the driver in Java JDBC.
56.
Which of the following input controls that cannot be placed using <input> tag?
57.
Which of the following in HTML is used to left align the content inside a table cell?
58.
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int a=10;
int b=2;
int c;

c=(a & b);

printf("c= %d",c);

return 0;
}
Find the output.

59.
#include <stdio.h>

#define MOBILE 0x01

#define LAPPY 0x02

int main()
{
unsigned char item=0x00;

item |=MOBILE;
item |=LAPPY;

printf("I have purchased ...:");

if(item & MOBILE){
printf("Mobile, ");
 }
if(item & LAPPY){
printf("Lappy");
}

return 1;
}

60.
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
char flag=0x0f;

flag &= ~0x02;

printf("%d",flag);

return 0;
}
Predict the output.

61.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=10;
if(a==10)
{
printf("Hello...");
break;
printf("Ok");
}
else
{
printf("Hii");
}
return 0;
}
Find the output.
62.
#include
int main()
{
if( (-100 && 100)||(20 && -20) )
printf("%s","Condition is true.");
else
printf("%s","Condition is false.");
return 0;
}

Find the output

63.
#include
#define TRUE 1
int main()
{
if(TRUE)
printf("1");
printf("2");
else
printf("3");
printf("4");
return 0;
}

Find the output.

64.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int pn=100;
if(pn>20)
if(pn<20)
printf("Heyyyyy");
else
printf("Hiiiii");
return 0;
}

Find the output.

65.
#include
int main()
{
int a=10;
if(10L == a)
printf("10L");
else if(10==a)
printf("10");
else
printf("0");
return 0;
}

Find the output.

66.
#include
void main(){
unsigned char c=290;
printf("%d",c);
}

Find the output

67.
#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
int a=0;
a=5||2|1;
printf("%d",a);
}

Find the output.

68.
#include
int main(){
float a=125.50;
int b=125.50;
char c='A';

printf("%d,%d,%d\n",sizeof(a),sizeof(b),sizeof(125.50));
printf("%d,%d\n",sizeof(c),sizeof(65));
return 0;
}

What will be the output on a 32 bit compiler.

69.
#include
int main()
{
int ok=-100;
-100;
printf("%d",ok);
return 0;
}

Find the output.

70.
#include
enum numbers
{
zero, one, two, three , four=3,five,six,seven=0,eight
};
void main()
{
printf("%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d",zero,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight);
}

What will be the output.

71.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
int a,b,c;
a=0x10; b=010;
c=a+b;
printf("\nAddition is= %d",c);
return 0;
}

Find the output.

72.
#include
int main()
{
int var=250;
printf("value of var = %d\n",var);
200+50;
"includehelp.com";
printf("%s\n","includehelp");
return 0;
}

Find the output

73.
Find the output:
#include
int main()
{
int a=100;
printf("%d\n"+1,a);
printf("Value is = %d"+3,a);
return 0;
}

74.
What will be the output?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
extern int ok;
printf("value of ok = %d",ok);
return 0;
}
extern int ok=1000;

75.
Find the output:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=23;
;
 ;printf("%d",a);
;
return 0;
}

76.
#include
int main()
{
int intVar=24;
static int x=intVar;
printf("%d,%d",intVar,x);
return 0;
}

Find the output of this program, (program name is: static_ec.c)

77.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=15;
float b=1.234;
printf("%*f",a,b);
return 0;
}

Predict the output?

77.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=15;
float b=1.234;
printf("%*f",a,b);
return 0;
}

Predict the output?

78.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a,b;
a=3.0f;
b=4.0f;
printf("%.0f,%.1f,%.2f",a/b,a/b,a/b);
return 0;
}

Find the output.

79.
What type of declaration is this:
unsigned num;
80.
Which statement does not require semicolon?
81.
Find the output:
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
const char var='A';
++var;
printf("%c",var);
}

82.
FIND THE OUTPUT:
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int x=10;
x+=(x++)+(++x)+x;
printf("%d",x);
}

83.
PREDICT THE OUTPUT:
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=10,b=2,x=0;
x=a+b*a+10/2*a;
printf("value is =%d",x);
}

84.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
unsigned short var='B';
var+=2;
var++;
printf("var : %c , %d ", var,var);
}

Find the output

85.
Find the output:
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char var=10;
printf("var is = %d",++var++);
}
86.
Find the output:

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int x=(20 || 40 ) && (10);
printf("x= %d",x);
}

87.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int x;
x= (printf("AA")||printf("BB"));
printf("%d",x);
printf("\n");

x= (printf("AA")&&printf("BB"));
printf("%d",x);
}

Find the output

88.
What is the output?
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=3,b=2;
a=a==b==0;
printf("%d,%d",a,b);
}

89.
#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
int intVar=20,x;
x= ++intVar,intVar++,++intVar;
printf("Value of intVar=%d, x=%d",intVar,x);
}

Find the output

90.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
char val=250;
int ans;
ans= val+ !val + ~val + ++val;
printf("%d",ans);
return 0;
}
Find the output.

91.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
float a;
(int)a= 10;
printf("value of a=%d",a);
return 0;
}
Find the output

92.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
int x;
x=100,30,50;
printf("x=%d\n",x);
x=(100,30,50);
printf("x=%d\n",x);
return 0;
}
Find the output

93.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=-1,j=-1,k=0,l=2,m;
m=i++&&j++&&k++||l++;
printf("%d %d %d %d %d",i,j,k,l,m);
return 0;
}

Find the output

94.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int var;
var=- -10;
printf("value of var= %d\n",var);
var=+ +10;
printf("value of var= %d\n",var);
return 0;
}

Find the output

95.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x,y;

x=(100,200);
 y=100,200;

printf("x=%d,y=%d",x,y);

return 0;
}
Find the output

96.
Arrange the operators according to their precedence: +, %, ->, =
97.
Find the output
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int x=65;
const unsigned char c=(int)x;

printf("%c\n",c);

return 0;
}

98.
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int x=2.3;
const char c1=(float)x;
const char c2=(int)x;

printf("%d,%d\n",c1,c2);

return 0;
}
Find the output

99.
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
char *text="Hi Babs.";

char x=(char)(text[3]);

printf("%c\n",x);

return 0;
}
Find the output
100.
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int x=65;
const unsigned char c=(int)x;

printf("%c\n",c);

return 0;
}
Find the output

101.
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
char *text="Hi Babs.";

char x=(char)(text+3);

printf("%c\n",x);

return 0;
}
Find the output

102.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=10;
switch(a){
case 5+5:
printf("Hello\n");
default:
printf("OK\n");
}
}
Find the output

103.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=2;
switch(a)
{
printf("Message\n");
default:
printf("Default\n");
case 2:
printf("Case-2\n");
case 3:
 printf("Case-3\n");
}
printf("Exit from switch\n");
}
Find the output

104.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=2;
int b=a;

switch(b)
{
case a:
printf("Case-a\n"); break;
case 3:
printf("Case-3\n"); break;
default:
printf("No option\n"); break;
}
printf("Exit from switch");
}
Find the output

105.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
short day=2;
switch(day)
{
case 2: || case 22:
printf("%d nd",day);
break;
default:
printf("%d th",day);
break;
}
}
Find the output

106.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
short a=2;
switch(a)
{
case 1L:
printf("One\n");
break;
case 2L:
printf("Two\n");
break;
default:
 printf("Else\n");
break;
}
}
Find the output

107.
#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
static int staticVar;
int j;
for(j=0;j<=5;j+=2)
switch(j){
case 1:
staticVar++;
break;
case 2:
staticVar+=2;
case 4:
staticVar%=2;
j=-1;
continue;
default:
--staticVar;
continue;
}
printf("%d",staticVar);
}

Find the output

108.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=2;
switch(a/2*1.5)
{
case 1:
printf("One...");
break;
case 2:
printf("Two...");
break;
default:
printf("Other...");
break;
}
}

Find the output

109.
#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
int a=1;
switch(a/2)
 {
case NULL:
printf("Case NULL\n");
break;
case 0:
printf("Case ZERO\n");
break;
default:
printf("DEFAULT\n");
break;
}
}

Find the output

110.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
for(i=0; i< 5; i++)
{
if(i*i > 30 )
goto lbl;
else
printf("%d",i);
lbl:
printf("IHelp ");

}
return 0;
}

Find the output

111.
#include <stdio.h>
#define TRUE 1
int main()
{
switch(TRUE)
{
printf("Hello");
}
}
Find the output

112.
#include < stdio.h >
void main()
{ unsigned char var=0;
for(var=0;var<=255;var++);
{
printf("%d ",var);
}
}
Find the output

113.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char cnt=0;
for(;cnt++;printf("%d",cnt)) ;
printf("%d",cnt);
}

Find the output

114.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i=1;
while (i<=5)
{
printf("%d",i);
if (i==5)
goto print;
i++;
}
}
fun()
{
print:
printf("includehelp.com");
}

Find the output

115.
Find the output

#include < stdio.h >

int main()
{
int tally=0;
for(;;)
{
if(tally==10)
break;
printf("%d ",++tally);
}
return 0;
}

116.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int tally;
for(tally=0;tally<10;++tally)
 {
printf("#");
if(tally>6)
continue;
printf("%d",tally);
}
}

Find the output

117.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,charVal='A';

for(i=5;i>=1;i--)
{
for(j=0;j< i;j++)
printf("%c ",(charVal+j));
printf("\n");
}
}

Identify the output

118.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int cnt=1;
while(cnt>=10)
{
printf("%d,",cnt);
cnt+=1;
}
printf("\nAfter loop cnt=%d",cnt);
printf("\n");
}

Find the output

119.
#include
#define TRUE 1
int main()
{
int loop=10;
while(printf("Hello ") && loop--);
}

Find the output

120.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
 static int var[5];
int count=0;

var[++count]=++count;
for(count=0;count<5;count++)
printf("%d ",var[count]);

return 0;
}

Find the output

121.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int MAX=10;
int array[MAX];
printf("size of array is = %d",sizeof(array);
return 0;
}

Find the output

122.
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX 10
int main()
{ int array[MAX]={1,2,3},tally;
for(tally=0;tally< sizeof(array)/sizeof(int);tally+=1)
printf("%d ",*(tally+array));
return 0;
}
Find the output

123.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ static int x[]={'A','B','C','D','E'},tally;
for(tally=0;tally< sizeof(x)/sizeof(int) ; tally+=1)
printf("%c,%c,%c\n",*(x+tally)+1,x[tally]+1,*(tally+x)+1);
return 0;
}

Find the output

124.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ static int array[]={10,20,30,40,50};
printf("%d...%d",*array,*(array+3)* *array);
return 0;
}

Find the output

125.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ int a[5]={1,2,3,4,5},b[5]={10,20,30,40,50},tally;

for(tally=0;tally< 5;++tally)
*(a+tally)=*(tally+a)+ *(b+tally);

for(tally=0;tally< 5;tally++)
printf("%d ",*(a+tally));

return 0;
}

Find the output

126.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ int a[5]={0x00,0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04},i;
i=4;
while(a[i])
{
printf("%02d ",*a+i);
--i;
}
return 0;
}

Find the output

127.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char X[10]={'A'},i;
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
printf("%d ",X[i]);
return 0;
}

Find the output

128.
Pick an incorrect declaration:
1. int x[5];
2. int x[5]={1,2,3,4,5};
3. int x[5] = {1,2}
4. int x[];
129.
Which one of the following correctly describes the meaning of 'namespace' feature in C++?
130.
Which of the following language feature is not an access specifier in C++?
131.
Which of the following is not a type of constructor?
132.
In C++, dynamic memory allocation is accomplished with the operator ____
133.
Which of the following is false for cin?
134.
The members of a class, by default, are
135.
The call to the parameterized constructor of base class in the derived class
136.
Which of the following statements is NOT valid about operator overloading?
137.
What is the return type of the conversion operator function?
138.
If the class name is X, what is the type of its "this" pointer?
139.
If a constructor function is defined in private section of a class, then
140.
The stream insertion operator should be overloaded as
141.
class A { int a; static float b; } ; What is the size of class A?
142.
Data Members of the base class that are marked private:
143.
Which of the following (in file scope) leads to a compile-time error?
144.
The default copy constructor performs
145.
which of the following is an incorrect definition inside a class ?
146.
Which one of the following is the correct way to declare a pure virtual function?
147.
Usually a pure virtual function
148.
Which of the following operator can be overloaded through friend function?
149.
If class A is friend of class B and if class B is friend of class C, which of the following is true?
150.
Which of the following is not the characteristic of constructor?
151.
A static data member is given a value
152.
How many instances of an abstract class can be created?
153.
What will be the result of the expression 13 & 25
154.
Function templates can accept
155.
In which case is it mandatory to provide a destructor in a class?
156.
If we create a file by ‘ifstream’, then the default mode of the file is _________
157.
Assume that we have constructor functions for both base class and derived class. Now consider the
declaration in main( ). Base * P = New Derived; in what sequence will the constructor be called ?
158.
class n{ public: int *a;}o,p; assigning o=p is called?
159.
overloading + operator requires return type as object because,
160.
To create an alias Objects have to be passed by
161.
Templates improve
162.
Creating additional function similar to template function is called
163.
Compile time polymorphism is
164.
Abstraction is
165.
Pick the odd one out.
166.
A collection of unused memory reserved for dynamic allocation is called
167.
The levels of hierarchy in inheritance helps to handle
168.
Run time polymorphism is achieved by ______
169.
A property which is not true for classes is that they
170.
Overloading involves writing two or more functions with ________
171.
Usually a pure virtual function
172.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
int val=0;
char str[]="IncludeHelp.Com";

val=strcmp(str,"includehelp.com");
printf("%d",val);
return 0;
}

Find the output

173.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
char str[];
strcpy(str,"Hello");
printf("%s",str);
return 0;
}
Find the output

174.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[8]="IncludeHelp";
printf("%s",str);
return 0;
}

Find the output

175.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char str1[]="IncludeHelp",str2[]=".Com";
printf("%s",str1+strlen(str2));
return 0;
}

Find the output

176.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[]="Hello%s%dFriends";
printf(str);
printf("\n");
printf("%s",str);
return 0;
}

Find the output

177.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[]="value is =%d";
int a='7';
str[11]='c';
printf(str,a);
return 0;
}

Find the output

178.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char result,str[]="\0IncludeHelp";
result=printf("%s",str);
if(result)
printf("TRUE");
else
printf("FALSE");
return 0;
}

Find the output

179.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char s1[]="IncludeHelp";
char s2[10];

strncpy(s2,s1,5);
printf("%s",s2);
return 0;
}

Find the output

180.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char str[50]="IncludeHelp";
printf("%d...%d",strlen(str),sizeof(str));
return 0;
}

Find the output

181.
Find the output

#include <stdio.h>
struct sample
{
int a=0;
char b='A';
float c=10.5;
};
int main()
{
struct sample s;
printf("%d,%c,%f",s.a,s.b,s.c);
return 0;
}

182.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct sample{
int a;
int b;
sample *s;
}t;

printf("%d,%d",sizeof(sample),sizeof(t.s));
return 0;
}

Find the output

183.
#include <stdio.h>
#include < string.h >

struct student
{
char name[20];
}std;
char * fun(struct student *tempStd)
{
strcpy(tempStd->name,"Thomas");
return tempStd->name;
}
int main()
{
strcpy(std.name,"Mike ");
printf("%s%s",std.name,fun(&std));
return 0;
}

Find the output

184.
#include <stdio.h>

struct sample
{
int a;
}sample;

int main()
{
sample.a=100;
printf("%d",sample.a);
return 0;
}

Find the output

185.
#include <stdio.h>
struct employee{
int empId;
char *name;
int age;
};
int main()
{
struct employee emp []={ {1,"Mike",24}, {2,"AAA",24}, {3,"BBB",25}, {4,"CCC",30} };

printf("Id : %d, Age : %d, Name : %s", emp[2].empId,3[emp].age,(*(emp+1)).name);

return 0;
}

Find the output

186.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
union values
{
int intVal;
char chrVal[2];i
};

union values val;

 val.chrVal[0]='A'; val.chrVal[1]='B';

printf("\n%c,%c,%d",val.chrVal[0],val.chrVal[1],val.intVal);
return 0;
}

Find the output

187.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
union values
{
unsigned char a;
unsigned char b;
unsigned int c;
};

union values val;

val.a=1;
val.b=2;
val.c=300;

printf("%d,%d,%d",val.a,val.b,val.c);
return 0;
}

Find the output

188.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
typedef struct tag{
char str[10];
int a;
}har;

har h1,h2={"IHelp",10};
h1=h2;
h1.str[1]='h';
printf("%s,%d",h1.str,h1.a);
return 0;
}

Find the output

189.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct std
{
char name[30];
int age;
 };
struct std s1={"Mike",26};
struct std s2=s1;

printf("Name: %s, Age: %d\n",s2.name,s2.age);

}

Find the output

190.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
union test
{
int i;
int j;
};

union test var=10;

printf("%d,%d\n",var.i,var.j);
}

Find the output

191.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
#ifdef debug
printf("Start debugging...");
#endif
printf("IncludeHelp");
return 0;
}

Find the output

192.
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX 100
int main()
{
#define MAX 20
printf("MAX=%d...",MAX);
return 0;
}

Find the output

193.
#include <stdio.h>
#define FUN(x) x*x
int main()
{
int val=0;
val=128/FUN(8);
printf("val=%d",val);
return 0;
}

Find the output

194.
#include <stdio.h>
#define FUN(x,y) x##y
int main()
{
int a1=10,a2=20;
printf("%d...%d",FUN(a,1),FUN(a,2));
return 0;
}

Find the output

195.
#include <stdio.h>
#define LARGEST(x,y) (x>=y)?x:y
int main()
{
int a=10,b=20,l=0;
l=LARGEST(a++,b++);

printf("a=%d,b=%d,largest=%d",a,b,l);
return 0;
}

Find the output

196.
#include <stdio.h>

#define OFF 0
#if debug == OFF
int a=11;
#endif

int main()
{
int b=22;
printf("%d...%d",a,b);
return 0;
}

Find the output

197.
#include <stdio.h>
#define TEXT IncludeHelp
int main()
{
printf("%s",TEXT);
return 0;
}
Find the output

198.
#include <stdio.h>
#define VAR1 VAR2+10
#define VAR2 VAR1+20

int main()
{
printf("%d",VAR1);
return 0;
}

Find the output

199.
#include <stdio.h>

#define SUM(x,y) int s; s=x+y; printf("sum=%d\n",s);

int main()
{
SUM(10,20);
return 0;
}

Find the output

200.
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX 99
int main()
{
printf("%d...",MAX);
#undef MAX
printf("%d",MAX);
return 0;
}

Find the output

201.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int var=100;
{
int var=200;
printf("%d...",var);
}
printf("%d",var);
return 0;
}

Find the output

202.
#include <stdio.h>
char* fun1(void)
{
char str[]="Hello";
return str;
}

char* fun2(void)
{
char *str="Hello";
return str;
}
int main()
{
printf("%s,%s",fun1(),fun2());
return 0;
}

Find the output

203.
#include <stdio.h>

int fooo(void)
{
static int num=0;
num++;
return num;
}
int main()
{
int val;
val=fooo();
printf("step1: %d\n",val);
val=fooo();
printf("step2: %d\n",val);
val=fooo();
printf("step3: %d\n",val);
return 0;
}

Find the output

204.
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int anyVar=10;
printf("%d",10);
return 0;
}
extern int anyVar;

Find the output

205.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *str="IncludeHelp";
printf("%c\n",*&*str);
return 0;
}

Find the output

206.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int iVal;
char cVal;
void *ptr; // void pointer
iVal=50; cVal=65;

ptr=&iVal;
printf("value =%d,size= %d\n",*(int*)ptr,sizeof(ptr));

ptr=&cVal;
printf("value =%d,size= %d\n",*(char*)ptr,sizeof(ptr));
return 0;
}

Find the output

207.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *str []={"AAAAA","BBBBB","CCCCC","DDDDD"};
char **sptr []={str+3,str+2,str+1,str};
char ***pp;

pp=sptr;
++pp;
printf("%s",**++pp+2);
return 0;
}

Find the output

208.
#include <stdio.h>
char* strFun(void)
{
char *str="IncludeHelp";
return str;
}
int main()
{
 char *x;
x=strFun();
printf("str value = %s",x);
return 0;
}

Find the output

209.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
void *ptr;
++ptr;
printf("%u",ptr);
return 0;
}

Find the output

210.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch=10;
void *ptr=&ch;
printf("%d,%d",*(char*)ptr,++(*(char*)ptr));
return 0;
}

Find the output

211.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=10,b=2;
int *pa=&a,*pb=&b;
printf("value = %d", *pa/*pb);
return 0;
}

Find the output

212.
#include <stdio.h>
void fun(int *ptr)
{
*ptr=100;
}
int main()
{
int num=50;
int *pp=#
fun(& *pp);
printf("%d,%d",num,*pp);
 return 0;
}

Find the output

213.
#include < stdio.h >
int main()
{
typedef int AAA,BBB,CCC,DDD;
AAA aaa=10;
BBB bbb=20;
CCC ccc=30;
DDD ddd=40;
printf("%d,%d,%d,%d",aaa,bbb,ccc,ddd);
return 0;
}

Find the output

Find the output

214.
#include < stdio.h >
int main()
{
typedef auto int AI;
AI var=100;
printf("var=%d",var);
return 0;
}

Find the output

215.
#include < stdio.h >
int main()
{
typedef char* string;
string myName="ABCDEFG";
printf("myName=%s (size=%d)",myName,sizeof(myName));
return 0;
}

Find the output

216.
#include < stdio.h >
int main()
{
typedef struct
{
int empid;
int bsal;
}EMP;
EMP E={10012,15100};
printf("%d,%d",E.empid,E.bsal);
 return 0;
}

Find the output

217.
_____ is used to define a special CSS style for a group of HTML elements
218.
Which of these is a stand alone tag?
219.
Which of the following is included in the head section of HTML
220.
A mailer that transforms a message body of an e-mail into a web page is called a
221.
If you don’t want the frame windows to be resizeable, simply add what to the lines ?
222.
What is the correct HTML for making a text input field?
223.
What is cell padding?
224.
Where in an HTML document is the correct place to refer to an external style sheet?
225.
The following HTML ________ element contains meta data which is not displayed inside the
document
226.
<h2 style="color:blue">I am Blue</h2> is ____ way of styling HTML elements
227.
The following HTML element helps making animated text
228.
Which of the following explains Cookies nature?
229.
The following HTML element is used to display horizontal line
230.
The _______ attribute defines the action to be performed when the form is submitted

231.
Which of these will create a shuffled list?
232.
Which attribute is used to extend the lifetime of a cookie?
233.
Which of these is Server side technology?
234.
How can you make a list that lists the items with numbers?
235.
Which method is used to get the year of a date object in YYYY format in Javascript.
236.
Which one of the following is a cryptographic protocol used to secure HTTP connection?
237.
Choose the correct HTML to left-align the content inside a tablecell
238.
In HTTP, which method gets the resource as specified in the URI
239.
Which of these is not a valid attribute of <tr> element?
240.
Java package is a grouping mechanism with the purpose of

241.
Find the output of the following program?

#include
using namespace std;
void myFunction(int& x, int* y, int* z) {
static int temp=1;
temp += (temp + temp) - 1;
x += *(y++ + *z)+ temp - ++temp;
*y=x;
x=temp;
*z= x;
cout<<x<<*y<<*z<<temp;

int main() {
int i = 0;
int j[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
i=i++ - ++i;
myFunction(i, j, &i);
return 0;
}

242.
Find the output of the following program?

#include
using namespace std;
typedef int * IntPtr;
int main()
{
IntPtr A, B, C;
int D,E;
A = new int(3);
B = new int(6);
C = new int(9);
D = 10;
E = 20;
*A = *B;
B = &E;
D = (*B)++;
*C= (*A)++ * (*B)--;
E= *C++ - *B--;
cout<<*A<<*B<<*C<<d<<e;
return 0;
}</d<<e;

243.
Which is the correct CSS syntax?
244.
To link your Web page to a style sheet, you must use the _____ tag
245.
A process executes the code
fork ();
fork ();
fork ();
The total number of child processes created is
246.
Consider the below code fragment:
if(fork k( ) = = 0)
{
a= a+5; printf(?%d, %d \n?, a, &a);
}
else
{
a= a ? 5;
printf(?%d %d \n?, 0, &a);
}
Let u, v be the values printed by parent process and x, y be the values printed by child process.
Which one of the following is true?
247.
What does the following bit of JavaScript print out?
var a = [1,,3,4,5];
console.log([a[4], a[1], a[5]]);
248.
Which one of the following statements is NOT correct about HTTP cookies?
249.
Consider the C function given below.
int f(int j)
{
static int i = 50;
int k;
if (i == j)
{
printf("something");
k = f(i);
return 0;
}
else return 0;
}
Which one of the following is TRUE?
250.
HTTP is implemented over
251.
Mnemonic codes and variable names are used in
252.
By default, any real number in C is treated asChoicesA
253.
For automatic objects, constructors and destructors are called each time the objects ___
253.
For automatic objects, constructors and destructors are called each time the objects ___
254.
Which of the following statement is correct about destructors?
255.
Consider the code snippet given below

var count = [1,,3];

What is the observation made?

256.
Consider the following code snippet
var a1 = [,,,];
var a2 = new Array(3);
0 in a1
0 in a2

Result of Javascript is:

257.
The pop() method of the array in javascript does which of the following task ?
258.
Consider the following javascript code snippet :

var a = [];
a.unshift(1);
a.unshift(22);
a.shift();
a.unshift(3,[4,5]);
a.shift();
a.shift();
a.shift();
The final output for the shift() is

259.
Consider the following statements

var text = "testing: 1, 2, 3"; // Sample text

var pattern = /\d+/g // Matches all instances of one or more digits
In order to check if the pattern matches with the string “text”, the statement is

260.
Consider the following javascript statements

x = ~-y;
w = x = y = z;
q = a?b:c?d:e?f:g;
The above code snippet is equivalent to:

261.
When there is an indefinite or an infinity value during an arithmetic value computation, javascript
262.
The javascript statement a===b refers to
263.
Consider the following code snippet

function oddsums(n)
{
let total = 0, result=[];
for(let x = 1; x <= n; x++)
{
let odd = 2*x-1;
total += odd;
result.push(total);
}
return result;
}

What would be the output if

oddsums(5);

264.
Given a variable $email containing the string user@example.com, which of the following PHP
statements would extract the string example.com?
265.
Given a comma-separated list of values in a string, which function from the given list can create an
array of each individual value with a single call in PHP?
266.
In PHP, array values are keyed by ______ values (called indexed arrays) or using ______ values
(called associative arrays). Of course, these key methods can be combined as well.
267.
What will the following script output?

<?php
$array = array (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55);
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) {
$sum += $array[$array[$i]];
}
echo $sum;
?>
268.
What elements will the following script output?

<?php
$array = array (true => 'a', 1 => 'b');
var_dump ($array);
?>
269.
Assume you would like to sort an array in ascending order by value while preserving key
associations. Which of the following PHP sorting functions would you use?
269.
If every node u in G adjacent to every other node v in G, A graph is said to be
270.
Consider an undirected random graph of eight vertices. The probability that there is an edge
between a pair of vertices is ½. What is the expected number of unordered cycles of length
three?

272.
Which of these methods has no restrictions on content size when a form is submitted.
273.
Consider the following program:
int f(int *p, int n)
{
if (n <= 1) return 0;
else return max ( f (p+1, n-1),p[0]-p[1]);
}
int main()
{
int a[] = {3,5,2,6,4};
printf("%d", f(a,5));
}
The value printed by this program is
274.
Consider the following C code segment:
int a, b, c = 0;
void prtFun(void);
main( )
{ static int a = 1; /* Line 1 */
prtFun( );
a + = 1;
prtFun( )
printf(?\n %d %d ?, a, b);
}
void prtFun(void)
{ static int a=2; /* Line 2 */
int b=1;
a+=++b;
printf(?\n %d %d ?, a, b);
}
What output will be generated by the given code segment if:
Line 1 is replaced by auto int a = 1;
Line 2 is replaced by register int a = 2;
275.
Consider the following C program.
#include
int f1 (void) ;
int f 2 void ;
int x 10;
int main ()
{
int x=1;
x+=f1()+ f2()+f3()+f2() ;
printf("%d", x);
return 0;
}
int f1(){int x=25; x++; return x;}
int f2(){static int x =50; x++;return x;}
int f3(){x*=10; return x};
The output of the program is_________.
276.
The while loop is referred to as a(n) _____ loop because the loop condition is tested at the beginning
of the loop
277.
The word case used in the switch statement represents a
278.
Which of the following special symbol allowed in a variable name?
279.
If a university sets up web-based information system that faculty could access to record student
grades and to advise students, that would be an example of an
280.
Multiple variable declaration of same data type can be avoided by?
281.
Run time polymorphism is achieved by ______
282.
Which of the following gives the memory address of a variable pointed to by pointer a?
283.
If a class C is derived from class B, which is derived from class A, all through public inheritance, then
a class C member function can access
284.
A default constructor is one that
285.
A constructor without any arguments is
286.
Which of the following functions compares two strings?
287.
class n{ int a;}; how much memory the compiler allocates for this class
288.
class n{ public: int a;}
obj; obj.a=10; cout<obj.a;< p="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></obj.a;<>
289.
A class is a
290.
The levels of hierarchy in inheritance helps to handle
291.
Compile time polymorphism is
292.
Abstraction is
293.
class n{ public: int a=7;}p,q; cout<<a;< p="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></a;<>
294.
class n{ public: int *a;}o,p; assigning o=p is called?
295.
To create an alias Objects have to be passed by
296.
Templates improve
297.
Access to private data is
298.
Function templates can accept
299.
How many instances of an abstract class can be created?
300.
Function templates can accept
301.
If we create a file by , then the default mode of the file is _________
302.
Assume that we have constructor functions for both base class and derived class. Now consider the
declaration in main( ). Base * P = New Derived; in what sequence will the constructor be called ?
303.
Overloading a prefix increment operator by means of a member function takes
304.
Which of the following is not the characteristic of constructor?
305.
Which of the following ways are legal to access a class data member using this pointer?
306.
Which one of the following is the correct way to declare a pure virtual function?
307.
Which of the following operator can be overloaded through friend function?
308.
If class A is friend of class B and if class B is friend of class C, which of the following is true?
309.
Which of the following (in file scope) leads to a compile-time error?
310.
which of the following is an incorrect definition inside a class ?
311.
Which of the following results in a compile-time error?
312.
If a constructor function is defined in private section of a class, then
313.
Which of the following is a valid destructor of the class name "Country"
314.
class A { int a; static float b; } ; What is the size of class A?
315.
Data Members of the base class that are marked private:
316.
What is true about constant member function of a class?
317.
The call to the parameterized constructor of base class in the derived class
318.
What is the return type of the conversion operator function?
319.
If the class name is X, what is the type of its "this" pointer?
320.
All member functions are _____ to it's class by default
321.
In C++, dynamic memory allocation is accomplished with the operator ____
322.
Which of the following is false for cin?
323.
The members of a class in c++ by default, are
324.
Which of the following is not a type of constructor?
325.
Which of the following language feature is not an access specifier in C++?
326.
Which one of the following correctly describes the meaning of 'namespace' feature in C++?
327.
If X is the name of the class, what is the correct way to declare copy constructor of X?
328.
What does the following declaration mean?
int (*ptr)[10];
329.
How will you free the allocated memory ?
330.
What do the 'c' and 'v' in argv stands for?
331.
ALGORITHM HAS THE ________________ TO THE PROBLEM IN _______________ NUMBER
OF STEPS
332.
THE DATA TYPE IS ALL ABOUT
333.
Multiple variable declaration of same data type can be avoided by?
334.
String length is found by the condition
335.
Specify the 2 library functions to dynamically allocate memory?
336.
What keyword covers unhandled possibilities?
337.
WHICH OF THE BELOW IS NOT AN EMAIL PROTOCOL?
338.
WHICH OF THE BELOW IS CALLED CLASSLESS ADDRESS?
339.
WE RECEIVED “404 – PAGE NOT FOUND” MESSAGE, WHEN WE BROWSE THE WEB
PAGE. WHICH PROTOCOL PROVIDES THIS MESSAGE?

340.
class n{ int a=0;}obj; what will happen?
341.
Identify the invalid statement from the following
342.

A variable P is called pointer if

343.
SELECT THE HIGHEST PRIORITY OPERATOR
344.
Which of the following operators has an associativity from Right to Left?
345.
Which of the following function sets first n characters of a string to a given character?
346.

The library function used to find the last occurrence of a character in a string is
347.
Consider the following function
double f(double x)
{
if (abs(x*x - 3) < 0.01) return x;
else return f(x/2 + 1.5/x);
}
Give a value q (to 2 decimals) such that f(q) will return q:_____.
348.
Which header file should be included to use functions like malloc() and calloc()?
349.

Consider the following C declaration

struct {
short s [5]
union {
float y;
long z;
}u;
} t;
Assume that objects of the type short, float and long occupy 2 bytes, 4 bytes and 8 bytes,
respectively. The memory requirement for variable t, ignoring alignment
considerations, is
350.
If a class C is derived from class B, which is derived from class A, all through public inheritance, then
a class C member function can access
351.
class n{ int a;}; how much memory the compiler allocates for this class
352.
Overloading the function operator
353.
The two statements that can be used to change the flow of control are
354.
If p and q are assigned the values 2 and 3 respectively then the statement P = q++
355.
Usually a pure virtual function
356.
Run time polymorphism is achieved by ______
357.
A property which is not true for classes is that they
358.
The levels of hierarchy in inheritance helps to handle
359.
Creating additional function similar to template function is called
360.
A parameterized constructor with all arguments initialized is same as
361.
Compile time polymorphism is
362.

Which of the following correctly describes C++ language?

363.
Routine is not loaded until it is called. All routines are kept on disk in a relocatable load format. The
main program is loaded into memory & is executed. This type of loading is called _________
364.
Which of the following is not the characteristic of constructor?
365.
A static data member is given a value
366.
Which of the following (in file scope) leads to a compile-time error?
367.
which of the following is an incorrect definition inside a class ?
368.
If a constructor function is defined in private section of a class, then

369.
The stream insertion operator should be overloaded as
370.
Data Members of the base class that are marked private:
371.
The call to the parameterized constructor of base class in the derived class
372.
Which of the following statements is NOT valid about operator overloading?

373.
What is the return type of the conversion operator function?
374.
If the class name is X, what is the type of its "this" pointer?
375.
Which of the following statements are true in c++?
376.
What is the purpose of $_SESSION[]?
377.
In mysql_fetch_array(),if two or more columns of the result have the same field names, what action
is taken?
378.
Which of the following attribute is needed for file upload via form?
379.
What library do you need in order to process images?
380.
What is the correct way to connect to a MySQL database?
381.
You need to check the size of a file in PHP function. $size = X(filename); Which function will suitably
replace 'X'?
382.
What is x+ mode in fopen() used for?
383.
Which of the following function is used to terminate the script execution in PHP?
384.
Which method is used to search for a substring?
385.
Which is the correct way to write a JavaScript array?
386.
The _______ method of an Array object adds and/or removes elements from an array.
387.
What does parseFloat(9+10) evaluates to in JavaScript?
388.

Consider the following code: var a = []; a.unshift(1); a.unshift(22); a.shift(); a.unshift(3,[4,5]); a.shift();
a.shift(); a.shift(); The final output for the shift() is
389.

What does /[^(]* regular expression indicate ?

390.
What gets printed? $str = 'a\\b\n'; echo $str;
391.

What is the strpos() function used for?

392.
In the following code snippet, what is the correct value of the left margin? margin: 10px 5px 20px
15px;
393.
If inspected in a browser, what will be the total width of the div in the following code snippet?
#container { width: 600px; border: 2px solid #CCCCCC; padding: 30px 20px; margin: 20px 10px
40px 10px;}
394.
Which of the following is not a valid attribute of the INPUT tag?
395.
Which of these sets of HTML5 attributes can be used for form validation?
396.
Which item is an example of a physical network address?
397.
When used with the datalist element, what is the list attribute in HTML5 used to accomplish?

398.
What is the following style an example of? img[alt~="Pie"]
399.

What is the correct CSS syntax for making all the elements bold?
400.
How can you specify default text in an input field?
401.

Currently there is no single standard file type that can be used to play audio using the audio element
consistently on all browsers. Which is the solution that the audio element provides to resolve this
conflict?
402.
Which of the following statements is true?
403.
How do we prevent margins, borders and padding from overlapping?
404.
Which of the following ways below is correct to write a CSS?
405.

Which of the following explains cookies nature?

406.
Consider the following code snippet: var a = [1,2,3,4,5]; a.slice(0,3); What is the possible output for
the above code snippet?
407.
What does /[^(]* regular expression indicate?
408.
Which property is used to obtain browser vendor and version information?
409.
What is the result of the following code snippet? window.location === document.location
410.
The length property belongs to which of the following objects?
411.
What will happen if the first argument of open() is omitted?

412.
Which of the following can't be done with client-side JavaScript?
413.
----------- is a built - in JavaScript function which can be used to execute another function after a
given time interval.
414.
How do substring() and substr() differ?
415.
In javascript, RegExp Object Method test() is used to search a string and returns _________
416.
What is the most essential purpose of paranthesis in regular expressions?
417.
Which of the following is not possible using PHP?
418.
Which one of the following is the very first task executed by a session enabled page?
419.
What would be the output of the below code fragment? var a = ["s","a","v","e"];
document.write(a.join(""));
420.
The ___________ property specifies the stack order of an element
421.
Which of the following property allows you to specify an element’s position with respect to the
browser window?
422.

Internet Explorer uses ....................... property to create transparent images.

423.
If para1 is the DOM object for a paragraph, what is the correct syntax to change the text within the
paragraph?
424.
The syntax of Eval is ___________
425.
How to create a Date object in JavaScript?
426.
What is the code to start displaying the time when document loads?
427.
Which element is used to draw graphics images on a web page?

428.
One of the main advantage of using src attribute is
429.
In PHP, which of the following function is used to insert content of one php file into another php file
before server executes it
430.
How do you get information from a form that is submitted using the "get" method?
431.
What does explode function in php do
432.
Which command we use to set an image on background?
433.
A value that has no defined value is expressed in PHP with the following keyword:
434.
Which JavaScript function is most useful for finding errors?
435.
JavaScript RegExp Object has modifier 'i' to __________
436.

You can find the element you want to manipulate by ________ way?
437.
The Document object is which part of the object?
438.
The node type for document returns the value ---.
439.
Syntax for creating a RegExp object: (i). var txt=new RegExp(pattern,modifiers); (ii). var
txt=/pattern/modifiers; Which of the above mentioned syntax will correct?
440.
Which of these contains an executable statement?
441.
Which of the following is NOT a valid PHP comparison operator?
442.
$a = array( null => 'a', true => 'b', false => 'c', 0 => 'd', 1 => 'e', '' => 'f' ); echo count($a), "\n"; What
will be printed?
443.
$a = array(); if ($a[1]) null; echo count($a), "\n"; What will be printed?
444.
How do we access the value of 'd' later? $a = array( 'a', 3 => 'b', 1 => 'c', 'd' );
445.
What is the difference between echo and print?
446.
How do we submit form data without a Sumbit button?
447.
How can we count the number of elements in an array?
448.
How do I create PHP arrays in a HTML ?
449.
What is the default size of a file set in upload_max_filesize ?
449.
What is the default size of a file set in upload_max_filesize ?
450.
What happens if no file path is given in include() function?
451.
What is the default execution time set in set_time_limit()?
452.
____________ function in PHP returns a list of response headers sent (or ready to send)