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    Types of Fatty Acid

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    Drbee10
    There are several types of fatty acids including straight chain, branched chain, substituted, and cyclic fatty acids. Straight chain fatty acids can be saturated, containing no double bonds, or unsaturated containing one or more double bonds. Saturated fatty acids have the general formula CnH2n+1COOH. Unsaturated fatty acids are classified as mono- or poly-unsaturated depending on the number of double bonds. Polyunsaturated fatty acids include the essential fatty acids linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid which must be obtained through diet.

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    Types of Fatty Acid

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    Drbee10
    72 views3 pages
    There are several types of fatty acids including straight chain, branched chain, substituted, and cyclic fatty acids. Straight chain fatty acids can be saturated, containing no double bonds, or unsaturated containing one or more double bonds. Saturated fatty acids have the general formula CnH2n+1COOH. Unsaturated fatty acids are classified as mono- or poly-unsaturated depending on the number of double bonds. Polyunsaturated fatty acids include the essential fatty acids linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid which must be obtained through diet.

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    There are several types of fatty acids including straight chain, branched chain, substituted, and cyclic fatty acids. Straight chain fatty acids can be saturated, containing no double bonds, or unsaturated containing one or more double bonds. Saturated fatty acids have the general formula CnH2n+1COOH. Unsaturated fatty acids are classified as mono- or poly-unsaturated depending on the number of double bonds. Polyunsaturated fatty acids include the essential fatty acids linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid which must be obtained through diet.

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    72 views3 pages

    Types of Fatty Acid

    Uploaded by

    Drbee10
    There are several types of fatty acids including straight chain, branched chain, substituted, and cyclic fatty acids. Straight chain fatty acids can be saturated, containing no double bonds, or unsaturated containing one or more double bonds. Saturated fatty acids have the general formula CnH2n+1COOH. Unsaturated fatty acids are classified as mono- or poly-unsaturated depending on the number of double bonds. Polyunsaturated fatty acids include the essential fatty acids linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid which must be obtained through diet.

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    TYPES OF FATTY ACIDS

    Straight chain FA: These may be:• Saturated FA: Those which contain no double

    bonds.

    • Unsaturated FA: Those which contain one or more double bonds. 

    (a) Saturated FA: Their general formula is CnH2n+1 COOH

    (c) Branched chain FA: Odd and even carbon branched chain fatty acids occur in
    animal and plant lipids, e.g.

    • Sebaceous glands: Sebum contain branched chain FA

    • Branched chain FA is present in certain foods, e.g. phytanic acid in butter. (d)


    Substituted fatty acids: In hydroxy fatty acid and methyl fatty acid, one or
    more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by – OH group or – CH3
    group respectively. Both saturated and unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids,
    particularly with long chains, are found in nature, e.g. cerebronic acid of
    brain glycolipids, Ricinoleic acid in castor oil. (e) Cyclic fatty acids: Fatty
    acids bearing cyclic groups are present in some seeds, e.g.

    • Chaulmoogric acid obtained from chaulmoogra seeds,

    • Hydnocarpic acid. (f) Eicosanoids: These are derived from


    eicosapolyenoic FA. Nomenclature of Fatty Acids (a) The most
    frequently used systemic nomenclature is based on naming the fatty
    acids after the hydrocarbon withthesamenumberofcarbonatoms,
    “oic”beingsubs- tituted for the final “e” in the name of the
    hydrocarbon.

    • Saturated acids end in “anoic” e.g. octanoic acid and

    • Unsaturated acids with double bonds end in enoic, e.g. octadecenoic acid


    (oleic acid).

    CLINICAL ASPECT
    Virulent strains of tubercle bacilli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, show a “cord-like gr
    “cord factor” has been isolated from them. It is chemically “trehalose-6-6’-dimycolat
    small quantityonbacterialsurfaceandappearstobe responsible for virulence of the org

    Examples: 

    • Acetic acid• Propionic acid • Butyric acid• Caproic acid • Palmitic acid •
    Stearic acid

    CH3COOHC2H5COOHC3H7COOH C5H11COOHC15 H31COOHC17 H35COOH and


    so on.

    Saturated fatty acids having 10 carbon or less number of carbon atoms are called
    as lower fatty acids, e.g. acetic acid, butyric acid, etc. Saturated fatty acids having
    more than 10 carbon atoms are called higher fatty acids, e.g. palmitic acid, stearic
    acid, etc. Milk contains significant amount of lower fatty acids.

    (b) Unsaturated FA: They are classified further according to degree of


    unsaturation.(1) Mono unsaturated (Monoethenoid) fatty acids: They contain
    one double bond.

    Their general formula is Cn H2n–1 COOHExample: Oleic acid C17H33 COOH is


    found in nearly all fats (formula 18 : 1; 9).(2) Polyunsaturated (Polyethenoid)
    fatty acids: There are three polyunsaturated fatty acids of biological importance.

    • Linoleic acid series (18 : 2; 9, 12): It contains two double bonds between C9 and


    C10; and between C12 and C13. Their general formula is CnH2n–3 COOH.
    Dietary sources: Linoleic acid is present in sufficient amounts in peanut oil,
    corn oil, cottonseed oil, soyabean oil and egg yolk.

    • Linolenic acid series (18 : 3; 9, 12, 15): It contains three double bonds between 9


    and 10; 12 and 13; and 15 and 16. Their general formula is CnH2n–5 COOH.
    Dietary Source: Found frequently with linoleic acid, but particularly present
    in linseed oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, fish visceras and liver oil (cod liver
    oil).

    • Arachidonic acid series (20 : 4; 5, 8, 11, 14): It con- tains four double bonds. Their


    general formula: CnH2n–7 COOHDietary source: Found in small quantities
    with linoleic acid and linolenic acid but particularly found in peanut oil.
    Also found in animal fats including Liver fats. Note: These three 
    polyunsaturated fatty acids, viz. linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid 
    are called as “Essential fatty acids (EFA)”. They have to be provided in the diet,
    as they cannot be synthesised in the b

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