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    Concept: Understanding Singularities

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    Praveen Sreedharan
    A singularity occurs when a solution results in an infinite value of stress or deflection. This can happen at locations with point or curve loads/constraints, sharp corners, or other idealizing assumptions made in analysis. For example, a point load applied to a surface gives infinite stress since the area is zero. While singularities cause inaccurate results, they can be addressed by modifying the model to remove the point/curve features, using different element types, or excluding singular locations from the convergence loop.

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    Concept: Understanding Singularities

    Uploaded by

    Praveen Sreedharan
    43 views2 pages
    A singularity occurs when a solution results in an infinite value of stress or deflection. This can happen at locations with point or curve loads/constraints, sharp corners, or other idealizing assumptions made in analysis. For example, a point load applied to a surface gives infinite stress since the area is zero. While singularities cause inaccurate results, they can be addressed by modifying the model to remove the point/curve features, using different element types, or excluding singular locations from the convergence loop.

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    The Alignment Field Guide80

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    A singularity occurs when a solution results in an infinite value of stress or deflection. This can happen at locations with point or curve loads/constraints, sharp corners, or other idealizing assumptions made in analysis. For example, a point load applied to a surface gives infinite stress since the area is zero. While singularities cause inaccurate results, they can be addressed by modifying the model to remove the point/curve features, using different element types, or excluding singular locations from the convergence loop.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views2 pages

    Concept: Understanding Singularities

    Uploaded by

    Praveen Sreedharan
    A singularity occurs when a solution results in an infinite value of stress or deflection. This can happen at locations with point or curve loads/constraints, sharp corners, or other idealizing assumptions made in analysis. For example, a point load applied to a surface gives infinite stress since the area is zero. While singularities cause inaccurate results, they can be addressed by modifying the model to remove the point/curve features, using different element types, or excluding singular locations from the convergence loop.

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    Understanding Singularities Page 1 of 2

    Click below to listen to the audio version (04:41):

    Concept: Understanding Singularities


    Understanding Singularities
    A solution that results in a theoretically infinite value of stress or deflection is called a singularity. At singular
    locations, certain physical quantities cannot be determined accurately. In the case of a structural finite
    element model, there are locations where the stresses cannot be calculated properly. There may also be
    locations with inaccurate displacements. In thermal analysis, there are locations where the heat flow
    becomes infinity. Usually, this problem appears because in the assumptions performed to analyze the
    structure, idealizing simplifications have to be done, like ideal linear-elastic material or infinite small loaded
    areas. For example, a load on an edge.

    In structural analysis, a very simple example is an ideal point load applied on the surface of a solid structure.
    The normal stress is the force divided by the area. Since the area of a point is Zero, the normal stress
    becomes infinity regardless of the magnitude of the applied force. The theoretically infinite stress then
    becomes an arbitrarily large number depending on the element size and p-level of the elements touching the
    singular location. Figure 1 shows this problem.

    Figure 1 – Stress and Displacement Singularity Near a Point


    Load

    There are many different situations in which an inaccurate solution may appear in a finite element analysis.
    The most important are:

    • Point loads and constraints.

    • Curve loads and constraints.

    • Sharp or reentrant corners of the structure.

    These locations can be automatically detected by the Isolate for Exclusion mesh control in Creo Simulate, but
    there may be other situations for singularities. Also, the element type used has an influence, as shown in
    Figure 2.

    Figure 2 – Classification of Singularities for Different Element


    and Load Types

    Other locations or situations with singularities may include:

    • An applied bearing constraint or rigid connection that prevents lateral contraction of the structure due to

    http://precisionlms.ecorp.cat.com/precisionlms/standard-content/coach_cp_2b2ec2c6-... 21-03-2018
    Understanding Singularities Page 2 of 2

    Click below to listen to the audio version (04:41):

    • Curvature jumps in contacts, even if you have tangential transitions.

    • Beam-volume connections – they act like a point load.

    • Shell-volume connections – they act like a curve load.

    If possible, try to set up your model without the listed singularities. Some strategies for this are:

    • Replace point or curve loads by loads applied to a small surface.

    • Replace a point constraint by a weighted link with the independent side connected to a small circular
    area around the initial point, and the dependent node connected to a ground spring with an appropriate
    stiffness tensor.

    • Apply a radius at a reentrant corner with a radius size like the manufacturing tooling radius size. Note
    that with a radius at such a location, stress may also increase compared to the sharp corner results
    since the stress in the latter case is arbitrary and just influenced by element size and p-level.

    • Use elasto-plastic instead of linear-elastic material when evaluating von Mises stress.

    There may be situations in finite element analysis where it is impossible to prevent singularities, or you are
    not interested in the solution at the singular location (you already know that the location is not critical). In
    these cases, you may want to exclude these locations from the convergence loop. Singularities cause edges
    in a model to require a high p-level for convergence, resulting in a longer solution time. You can have a
    convergence proof for all the remaining non-singular locations of the structure, and have a more accurate
    analysis by preventing errors from unrealistic soft point or edge constraints.

    http://precisionlms.ecorp.cat.com/precisionlms/standard-content/coach_cp_2b2ec2c6-... 21-03-2018

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