GNANAMANI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

NAMAKKAL-637018
Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
ME 8492 –KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY

Unit-1 – Basics of Mechanisms

Part-A
Blooms
S.No Questions
Level
1. L1 Define Kinematic Pair. (Apr/May 2018)
2. L1 Define ‘degrees of freedom’. (Apr/May 2015)
3. L2 Classify the constrained motion. (May/June 2016)
4. L2 Name any two inversion of double slider crank chain. (Nov/Dec 2018)
5. L1 What is toggle position?
6. L1 What is pantograph? (Nov/Dec 2018)
7. L1 What are the applications of single slider crank mechanism?
8. L1 List some examples for kinematics pairs. (May/June 2016)
9. L2 Explain Elliptical trammel.
10. L2 What is meant by transmission angle? (Apr/May 2017)
11. L1 What is meant by Ackermann steering?
12. L1 Define the Grashof’s Law for a four bar mechanism? (Nov/Dec 2017)
13. L3 Identify a cycle chain is kinematic chain or not?

14. L2 When a linkage become mechanism? (May/June 2016)

15. L2 Differentiate between Machine and Structure.
16. L1 Explain the working principle of Ackermann steering?
17. L1 Explain the working principle of bicycle bells.
18. L1 What is meant by motion adjustment mechanism?
19. L1 Whether a cycle chain is kinematic chain or not?
20. L1 Howthe straight line is generated.

Part-B
Blooms
S.No Questions
Level
1. L2 Determine the arrangement shown in figure as a structure or unconstrained or constrained mechanism and also
explain brief kutzbach criterion for planar mechanism. (Apr/May 2018)

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2. L2 Explain with neat sketch, the mechanism obtained by the inversion of Crank – Rocker mechanism in its
minimum and maximum transmission angle positions. (Apr/May 2018)
3. L2 Explain with neat sketch of three inversion of a double slider crank chain. (Apr/May 2018)
4. L1 a.) Explain Peaucellier exact straight line mechanism with neat diagram.
b.) Explain mechanical advantage and transmission angle related to four bar mechanism.
(Apr/May 2018) & (Apr/May 2017)
5. L1 Illustrate the working of crank and slotted lever quick return motion mechanisms and derive an expression
for the ratio of time taken in forward and return stroke for one of these mechanisms. (Apr/May 2015)
6. L1 Explain the working of withworth quick return motion mechanisms and derive an expression for the ratio
of time taken in forward and return stroke for one of these mechanisms. (Apr/May 2018)
7. L1 Explain with neat sketch, the mechanism obtained by the inversion of four bar chain. (Nov/Dec 2017)
8. L2 In a Crank and Slotted lever quick return motion mechanism, the distance between the fixed centres is 240
mm and the length of the driving crank is 120 mm. Find the inclination of the slotted bar with the vertical
line in the extreme position and the time ratio of cutting stroke to the return stroke. If the length of the
stroke if the line of the stroke passes through the extreme position of the free end of the lever. (Nov/Dec
2017)
9. L1 Explain the steering gear mechanisms with neat sketch.
10. L1 The withworth quick return motion mechanism has the driving cark 150mm long. The distance between
fixed centers is 100mm. The line of stoke of the ram passed through the centre of rotation of the slotted
lever whose free end is connected to the ram by a connecting link. Find the ratio of time of cutting to time
of return.
11. L2 a) Design a four-bar crank rocker quick return mechanism to give a time ratio of 1.25 with rocker
swing angle as 75° clockwise. Assume the output link (rocker) length as 50 mm and in the left
extreme position it is vertical.
b) Sketch four-bar crank rocker mechanism in Maximum transmission angle position.
12. L1 a) Find the degree of freedom of the mechanism shown in fig.

b) State the inconsistencies of Grubler criterion

13. L2 Discuss the steering gear mechanisms with neat sketch.
14. L2
a) classify kinematic pairs based on degree of freedom.
b) What is inversion and list its properties.

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 Unit-2 – Kinematics of Linkage Mechanisms
Part-A
Blooms
S.No Questions
Level
1 L1 How will you find out the total acceleration from its normal and tangential components? (Apr/May 2018)
2 L2 List any two motives for doing acceleration analysis of mechanisms or machines. (Apr/May 2018)
3 L2 Illustrate the instantaneous centre of a typical four bar mechanism. (Apr/May 2015)
4 L1 What is instantaneous axis?
5 L2 Relate the relation between the number of instantaneous centres and the number of links in a mechanisms.
(Apr/May 2015)
6 L2 Show all the direction of Coriolis component of acceleration that arise in a complete cycle of quick return
motion of the crank mechanism. (Apr/May 2015)
7 L1 What are the different methods used for finding the velocity? (May/June 2016)
8 L1 Define the Arnold Kennedy theorem. (Nov/Dec 2017)
9 L2 What is configuration diagram?
10 L1 What are the properties of instantaneous centre?
11 L2 What is configuration diagram?
12 L2 List the different types of graphical method.
13 L1 What is axode?
14 L2 List the different types of Instantaneous centers.
15 L1 What is meant by Coriolis component of acceleration?
16 L2 Write down the formula to find the number of Instantaneous centers.
17 L1 Compare the two components of acceleration.
18 L1 What is axode?
19 L1 Define angular velocity ratio theorem.
20 L1 What is meant by coincident points?

Part-B
Blooms
S.No Questions
Level
1. L1 Define and demonstrate the Aronhold – Kennedy theorem related to instantaneous centres.
Explain in detail, the concept of Coriolis component of acceleration with neat sketches and equations.
L1 (Apr/May2018) (May/June 2016)

2. L3 Discover all the instantaneous centres of the slider crank mechanism as shown in Fig. The lengths of crank
OB and connecting rod AB are 100 mm and 400 mm respectively. If the crank rotates clockwise with an
angular velocity of 10 rad/s, find: 1. Velocity of the slider A, and 2. Angular velocity of the connecting
rod AB. (Apr/May2017)

3. L3 PQRS is a four bar chain with link PS fixed. The lengths of the links are PQ = 62.5 mm ; QR = 175 mm ;
RS = 112.5 mm ; and PS = 200 mm. The crank PQ rotates at 10 rad/s clockwise. Construct the velocity
and acceleration diagram when angle QPS = 60° and Q and R lie on the same side of PS. Find the angular
velocity and angular acceleration of links QR and RS. (Nov/Dec 2018)
4. L3 The crank and connecting rod of a theoretical steam engine are 0.5 m and 2 m long respectively. The
crank makes 180 r.p.m. in the clockwise direction. When it has turned 45° from the inner dead centre
position, determine: 1. velocity of piston, 2. angular velocity of connecting rod, 3. velocity of point E on
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 the connecting rod 1.5 m from the gudgeon pin, 4. velocities of rubbing at the pins of the crank shaft,
crank and crosshead when the diameters of their pins are 50 mm, 60 mm and 30 mm respectively, 5.
position and linear velocity of any point G on the connecting rod which has the least velocity relative to
crank shaft. (Apr/May 2015)
5. L2 In Fig., the angular velocity of the crank OA is 600 r.p.m. Determine the linear velocity of the slider D and
the angular velocity of the link BD, when the crank is inclined at an angle of 75° to the vertical. The
dimensions of various links are: OA = 28 mm; AB = 44 mm; BC 49 mm; and BD = 46 mm. The centre
distance between the centres of rotation O and C is 65 mm. The path of travel of the slider is 11 mm below
the fixed point C. The slider moves along a horizontal path and OC is vertical.

6. L2 A quick return mechanism of the crank and slotted lever type shaping machine is shown in Fig. The
dimensions of the various links are as follows :O1O2= 800 mm ; O1B = 300 mm ;O2D = 1300 mm ; DR =
400 mm. The crank O1B makes an angle of 45° with the vertical and rotates at 40 r.p.m. in the counter
clockwise direction. Find: 1. velocity of the ram R, or the velocity of the cutting tool, and 2. angular
velocity of link O2D.

(Nov/Dec 2017)
7. L3 The mechanism of a wrapping machine, as shown in Fig., has the following dimensions: O1A = 100 mm;
AC = 700 mm; BC = 200 mm; O3C = 200 mm; O2E = 400 mm; O2D = 200 mm and BD = 150 mm. The
crank O1A rotates at a uniform speed of 100 rad/s. Find the velocity of the point E of the bell crank lever
by instantaneous centre method.

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 (Nov/Dec 2017)
8. L3 In Figure shows a Whitworth quick return motion mechanism. The various dimensions in the mechanism
are as follows: OQ = 100 mm; OA = 200 mm; QC = 150 mm; and CD = 500 mm. The crank OA makes an
angle of 60° with the vertical and rotates at 120 r.p.m. in the clockwise direction. Discover all the
instantaneous centres and find the velocity of ram D.

(Apr/May 2015)
9. L3 The crank of a slider crank mechanism rotates clockwise at a constant speed of 300 r.p.m. The crank is
150 mm and the connecting rod is 600 mm long. Determine: 1. Linear velocity and acceleration of the
midpoint of the connecting rod, and 2. angular velocity and angular acceleration of the connecting rod, at a
crank angle of 45° from inner dead centre position.
10. L3 An engine mechanism is shown in Fig. The crank CB = 100 mm and the connecting rod BA = 300 mm
with centre of gravity G, 100 mm from B. In the position shown, the crankshaft has a speed of 75 rad/s
and an angular acceleration of 1200 rad/s2. Find: 1. velocity of G and angular velocity of AB, and 2.
acceleration of G and angular acceleration of AB.

(Apr/May2017)
11. L3 In the mechanism shown in Fig., the slider C is moving to the right with a velocity of 1 m/s and an
acceleration of 2.5 m/s2.The dimensions of various links are AB = 3 m inclined at 45° with the vertical
and BC = 1.5 m inclined at 45° with the horizontal. Determine: 1. The magnitude of vertical and
horizontal component of the acceleration of the point B, and 2. the angular acceleration of the links AB
and BC.

12. L3 The dimension of the mechanism as shown in the figure AB=0.45m ,BD=1.5m BC=CE=0.9m the
crank AB turns uniformly at 180rpm in the clock wise direction and the block at D and E are working
in frictionless guide. Draw the velocity diagram for the mechanism and find the velocity of the
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 slides D and E in their guide.aso determine the turning moment at A if a forced of 50N at on the
direction of arrow X and a force of 750N act on E in the direction of arrow Y.

13. L3 In a steam engine mechanism shown in figure a) the crank AB rotates at 200 rpm. The BT4 dimensions
of various links are AB = 12cm, BC = 48cm, CD = 18cm and DE =36cm, EF = 12 cm and FP =
36cm. Find the velocities of C, D, E, F and P.

14. L3 In a slider crank mechanism, the length of crank OB and connecting rod AB are 125mm and 500mm
respectively. The centre of gravity G of the connecting rod is 275mm from the side A. the crank
speed is 600rpm clockwise. When the crank has turned 45° from the inner dead centre position,
determine: 1, velocity of a slider A, 2.velocity of point G, and 3. Angular velocity of the connecting rod
AB.
15. L3 The diagram shows part of a quick return mechanism. The pin A slider in the slot when the disc is rotated.
Calculated the angular velocity and acceleration of link BC when Ø=60° and w=100 rad/sec,

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 Unit-3 – Kinematics of Linkage Mechanisms

Part-A
Blooms
S.No Questions
Level
1. L1 Classify the translating cam follower based on their position.
(Apr/May 2018)
2. L1 Define a specified contour cam, stating its advantage.
(Apr/May 2018)
3. L2 Which type of cam follower motion is preferred for high speed engines? Why? (Apr/May 2017)
4. L1 List any two application of cam mechanism in IC engines. (Apr/May2017)
5. L2 Construct the displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams for a follower when its move with simple
harmonic motion. (Apr/May 2015)
6. L2 Why a roller follower is preferred to that of a knife edge follower? (Apr/May 2015)
7. L2 Define trace point of a cam. (May/June 2016)
8. L2 Define tangent cam. (May/June 2016)
9. L1 Distinguish between radial cam and tangential cam. (Nov/Dec 2017)
10. L1 List the cam follower extensively used in air craft engines. (Nov/Dec 2017)
11. L1 What are the different motions of the follower?
12. L2 How can high surface stress in flat faced follower be minimized?
13. L3 Define pressure angle with respect to cam.
14. L1 What is base circle and pitch circle?
15. L1 Define lift or stroke in cam.
16. L2 Define undercutting in cam. How it occurs?
17. L2 Define the basic requirements for high speed cam?
18. L1 What do you know about gravity cam?
19. L2 Write the different types of follower.
20. L1 List the purpose of cam profile.

Part-B
S.No Blooms Questions
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 Level
1. L3 Construct a cam mechanism with roller follower and indicate the following in the sketch and brief them:
cam profile, base circle, prime circle and pressure angle. (Apr/May2018)
2. L3 In a cam follower mechanism, 40 mm lift of the follower has to be made in the first 120º rotation of the
cam. Construct the displacement diagram for the following types of motion, separately for each, taking
atleast 8 divisions of 120º: a) simple harmonic motion and b) cycloidal motion. (Apr/May2018)
3. L2 A cam is to give the following motion to a knife-edged follower :
1. Outstroke during 60° of cam rotation; 2. Dwell for the next 30° of cam rotation; 3. Return stroke during
next 60° of cam rotation, and 4. Dwell for the remaining 210° of cam rotation. The stroke of the follower
is 40 mm and the minimum radius of the cam is 50 mm. The follower moves with uniform velocity during
both the outstroke and return strokes. Draw the profile of the cam when (a) the axis of the follower passes
through the axis of the cam shaft, and (b) the axis of the follower is offset by 20 mm from the axis of the
cam shaft. (Apr/May2018)
4. L2 Design a cam for operating the exhaust valve of an oil engine. It is required to give equal uniform
acceleration and retardation during opening and closing of the valve each of which corresponds to 60° of
cam rotation. The valve must remain in the fully open position for 20° of cam rotation. The lift of the
valve is 37.5 mm and the least radius of the cam is 40 mm. The follower is provided with a roller of radius
20 mm and its line of stroke passes through the axis of the cam. (Nov/Dec 2017)
5. L2 In a symmetrical tangent cam operating a roller follower, the least radius of the cam is 30 mm and roller
radius is 17.5 mm. The angle of ascent is 75° and the total lift is 17.5 mm. The speed of the cam shaft is
600 r.p.m. Determine: 1. The principal dimensions of the cam; 2. the accelerations of the follower at the
beginning of the lift, where straight flank merges into the circular nose and at the apex of the circular nose.
Assume that there is no dwell between ascent and descent. (Nov/Dec 2018)
6. L2 A symmetrical cam with convex flanks operates a flat-footed follower. The lift is 8 mm, base circle radius
25 mm and the nose radius 12 mm. The total angle of the cam action is 120°.
1. Find the radius of convex flanks,
2. Draw the profile of the cam, and
3. Determine the maximum velocity and the maximum acceleration when the cam shaft rotates at 500
r.p.m. (Nov/Dec 2017)
7. L3 A cam, with a minimum radius of 25 mm, rotating clockwise at a uniform speed is to be designed to give a
roller follower, at the end of a valve rod, motion described below :
1. To raise the valve through 50 mm during 120° rotation of the cam
2. To keep the valve fully raised through next 30°;
3. To lower the valve during next 60°; and
4. To keep the valve closed during rest of the revolution i.e. 150° ;
The diameter of the roller is 20 mm and the diameter of the cam shaft is 25 mm.
Construct the profile of the cam when (a) the line of stroke of the valve rod passes through the axis of the
cam shaft, and (b) the line of the stroke is offset 15 mm from the axis of the cam shaft.
The displacement of the valve, while being raised and lowered, is to take place with simple harmonic
motion. Determine the maximum acceleration of the valve rod when the cam shaft rotates at 100 r.p.m.
Draw the displacement, the velocity and the acceleration diagrams for one complete revolution of the cam.
(May/June 2016)
8. L3 A cam drives a flat reciprocating follower in the following manner :
During first 120° rotation of the cam, follower moves outwards through a distance of 20 mm with simple
harmonic motion. The follower dwells during next 30° of cam rotation. During next 120° of cam rotation,
the follower moves inwards with simple harmonic motion. The follower dwells for the next 90° of cam
rotation. The minimum radius of the cam is 25 mm. Construct the profile of the cam. (Apr/May 2015)
9. L3 A cam is to be designed for a knife edge follower with the following data :
1. Cam lift = 40 mm during 90° of cam rotation with simple harmonic motion.
2. Dwell for the next 30°.
3. During the next 60° of cam rotation, the follower returns to its original position with simple harmonic
motion.
4. Dwell during the remaining 180°.
Construct the profile of the cam when
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 (a) The line of stroke of the follower passes through the axis of the cam shaft, and (b) the line of stroke is
offset 20 mm from the axis of the cam shaft.
The radius of the base circle of the cam is 40 mm. Determine the maximum velocity and acceleration of
the follower during its ascent and descent, if the cam rotates at 240 r.p.m. (Apr/May 2017)
10. L2 Develop the expression for displacement, velocity and acceleration for a tangent cam operating on a radial
translating roller follower: a) when the roller has contact with straight flanks and b) when the roller has
contact with the nose.
11. L3 Construct a cam profile to drive an oscillating roller follower to the specifications given below :
(a) Follower to move outwards through an angular displacement of 20° during the first 120° rotation of the
cam ;
(b) Follower to return to its initial position during next 120° rotation of the cam ;
(c) Follower to dwell during the next 120° of cam rotation.
The distance between pivot centre and roller centre = 120 mm; distance between pivot centre and cam axis
= 130 mm; minimum radius of cam = 40 mm; radius of roller = 10 mm; inward and outward strokes take
place with simple harmonic motion.
12. L3 Construct the displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams for a follower when it moves with simple
harmonic motion. Derive the expression for velocity and acceleration during outstroke and return stroke of
the follower.
13. L2 Follower type = roller follower, lift=25mm, base circle radius = 20mm, roller radius = 5mm,out stoke with
UARM, for 120° cam rotation, dwell for 60° cam rotation. Return stoke with UARM, for 90° cam
rotation, dwell of the remaining period. Determine max velocity and acceleration during out stoke and
return stoke if the cam rotates at 1200rpm in counter clockwise direction. Draw the cam profile for
condition with follower off set to right to cam center by 5mm.
14. L3 A cam rotation clockwise a uniform speed of 200rpm is required to move an offset roller follower with a
uniform and equal acceleration and retardation on both the outward and return stokes. The angle of ascent,
the angle of dwell and angle of descent is 120°, 60° and 90° respectively. The follower dwells for the rise
of cam rotation. The least radius o the cam is 50mm.the lift of follower is 25mm and the dia of roller is
10mm.the line of stoke of the follower is offset by 20mm from the axis of the cam. Draw the cam profile
an find the maximum velocity and acceleration of the follower during the outstroke .
15. L1 a) Draw the displacement, velocity and acceleration curves, when the follower moves with simple
harmonic motion and deriver the expression for maximum velocity and maximum acceleration.
b) Depict the type of cam.

Unit-4 – Gear and Gear Trains

Part-A
Blooms
S.No Questions
Level
1. L1 List the two important similarities of a spur gear pair and helical gear pair. (Apr/May 2018)
2. L2 Develop an ordinary gear train and an epicyclic gear train stating their importance difference. (Apr/May
2018)
3. L2 Define law of Gearing. (Apr/May 2017)
4. L1 What type of gear arrangement is used to traverse the carriage in lathe machine? (Apr/May 2017)
5. L2 What do you understand by the term “interference” as applied to gears? (Apr/May 2015)
6. L2 What are the special advantages of epicyclic gear trains? (Apr/May 2015)
7. L2 Define normal and axial pitch in gears. (May/June 2016)
8. L2 What is the advantage when arc of recess is equal to arc of approach in meshing gears? (May/June 2016)
9. L1 List the classification of gears based on position on teeth of the wheel. (Nov/Dec 2017)
10. L3 Construct the compound gear train and write its speed ratio. (Nov/Dec 2017)
11. L1 What is an angle of obliquity in gear?
12. L2 What are the methods to avoid interference?
13. L3 Define contact ratio.
14. L2 Define cycloidal tooth profile and involute tooth profile.
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 15. L1 Define Backlash.
16. L2 What is reverted Gear train?
17. L2 What is Gear train and mention its types?
18. L3 Define simple Gear train.
19. L2 What is meant by compound gear train?
20. L1 Where will be the interference occur in an involute pinion and gear are in mesh having same size of
addendum?

Part-B
Blooms
S.No Questions
Level
1. L3 The following data relate to a pair of 20° involute gears in mesh :
Module = 6 mm, Number of teeth on pinion = 17, Number of teeth on gear = 49; Addenda on pinion and
gear wheel = 1 module. Find: 1. The number of pairs of teeth in contact; 2. The angle turned through by
the pinion and the gear wheel when one pair of teeth is in contact, and 3. The ratio of sliding to rolling
motion when the tip of a tooth on the larger wheel (i) is just making contact, (ii) is just leaving contact
with its mating tooth, and (iii) is at the pitch point.
(Apr/May2017)
2. L3 Two involute gears of 20° pressure angle are in mesh. The number of teeth on pinion is 20 and the gear
ratio is 2. If the pitch expressed in module is 5 mm and the pitch line speed is 1.2 m/s, assuming
addendum as standard and equal to one module, find :
1. The angle turned through by pinion when one pair of teeth is in mesh ; and
2. The maximum velocity of sliding.
3. L2 Two mating gears have 20 and 40 involute teeth of module 10 mm and 20°pressure angle. The addendum
on each wheel is to be made of such a length that the line of contact on each side of the pitch point has half
the maximum possible length. Determine the addendum height for each gear wheel, length of the path of
contact, arc of contact and contact ratio.
(Apr/May2015)
4. L2 A pair of involute spur gears with 16° pressure angle and pitch of module 6 mm is in mesh. The number of
teeth on pinion is 16 and its rotational speed is 240 r.p.m. When the gear ratio is 1.75, find in order that the
interference is just avoided; 1. The addenda on pinion and gear wheel; 2. The length of path of contact;
and 3. The maximum velocity of sliding of teeth on either side of the pitch point.
5. L2 A pair of 20° full depth involute spur gears having 30 and 50 teeth respectively of module 4 mm are in
mesh. The smaller gear rotates at 1000 r.p.m. Determine: 1. Sliding velocities at engagement and at
disengagement of pair of a teeth, and 2. contact ratio.
6. L2 Two gear wheels mesh externally and are to give a velocity ratio of 3 to 1. The teeth are of involute form;
module = 6 mm, addendum = one module, pressure angle = 20°. The pinion rotates at 90 r.p.m.
Determine: 1. The number of teeth on the pinion to avoid interference on it and the corresponding number
of teeth on the wheel, 2. The length of path and arc of contact, 3.The number of pairs of teeth in contact,
and 4. The maximum velocity of sliding.
7. L3 An epicyclic gear consists of three gears A, B and C as shown in Fig. The gear A has 72 internal teeth and
gear C has 32 external teeth. The gear B meshes with both A and C and is carried on an arm EF which
rotates about the centre of A at 18 r.p.m.. If the gear A is fixed, determine the speed of gears B and C.

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 (Apr/May2017)
8. L3 In Fig shows a differential gear used in a motor car. The pinion A on the propeller shaft has 12 teeth and
gears with the crown gear B which has 60 teeth. The shafts P and Q form the rear axles to which the road
wheels are attached. If the propeller shaft rotates at 1000 r.p.m. and the road wheel attached to axle Q has
a speed of 210 r.p.m. while taking a turn, find the speed of road wheel attached to axle P.

(May/June 2016)
9. L3 A pinion having 30 teeth drives a gear having 80 teeth. The profile of the gears is involute with 20°
pressure angle, 12 mm module and 10 mm addendum. Find the length of path of contact, arc of contact
and the contact ratio.
(Nov/Dec 2017)
10. L2 In this figure. An epicyclic gear train known as Ferguson’s paradox. Gear A is fixed to the frame and is,
therefore, stationary. The arm B and gears C and D are free to rotate on the shaft S. Gears A, C and D
have 100, 101 and 99 teeth respectively. The planet gear has 20 teeth. The pitch circle diameters of all are
the same so that the planet gear P meshes with all of them. Determine the revolutions of gears C and D for
one revolution of the arm B.

11. L3 In the epicyclic gear train, as shown in Fig. the driving gear A rotating in clockwise direction has 14 teeth
and the fixed annular gear C has 100 teeth. The ratio of teeth in gears E and D is 98: 41. If 1.85 kW is
supplied to the gear A rotating at 1200 r.p.m., find: 1. the speed and direction of rotation of gear E, and 2.
the fixing torque required at C, assuming 100 per cent efficiency throughout and that all teeth have the
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 same pitch.

(Apr/May2015)
12. L3 Develop an expression for the minimum number of teeth required on the pinion in order to avoid
interference in involute gear teeth when it meshes with wheel.
(Nov/Dec 2018)
13. L2 In a reverted epicyclic gear train, the arm A carries two gears B and C and a compound gear D - E. The
gear B meshes with gear E and the gear C meshes with gear D. The number of teeth on gears B, C and D
are 75, 30 and 90 respectively. Find the speed and direction of gear C when gear B is fixed and the arm A
makes 100 r.p.m. clockwise.

14. L3 Develop an expression for the velocity of sliding between a pair of involute teeth. State the advantages of
involute profile as a gear tooth profile.
15. L2 In an epicyclic gear of the ‘sun and planet’ type shown in Fig., the pitch circle diameter of the internally
toothed ring is to be 224 mm and the module 4 mm. When the ring D is stationary, the spider A, which
carries three planet wheels C of equal size, is to make one revolution in the same sense as the sunwheel B
for every five revolutions of the driving spindle carrying the sunwheel B. Determine suitable numbers of
teeth for all the wheels.

Unit-5 – Friction in Machine Elements

Part-A
Blooms
S.No Questions
Level
BL: L1-Remembering, L2-Understanding, L3-Applying, ,L4 Analyzing L5-Evaluating, L6-Creating
 1. L1 In an open belt drive of horizontal type, the slack side of belt should be kept on the top side of the pulleys.
Why? (Apr/May 2018)
2. L2 What are the advantages of using friction clutches? (Apr/May 2018)
3. L2 What kind of friction acts between the tyres and road in an automobile? (Apr/May 2017)
4. L1 Compare the functional difference between a clutch and a brake. (Apr/May 2017)
5. L2 What is centrifugal tension in a belt? How does it affect the power transmitted? (Apr/May 2015)
6. L2 Distinguish between brakes and Dynamometers. (Apr/May 2015)
7. L2 What are self-energizing brakes? (May/June 2016)
8. L2 Why self-locking screw have lesser efficiency? (May/June 2016)
9. L1 What is meant by crossed belt drive? (Nov/Dec 2017)
10. L3 Outline the condition for the maximum power transmitted by a belt from one pulley to another.
(Nov/Dec 2017)
11. L1 What is angle of repose?
12. L2 What are the function of clutches?
13. L3 Why friction is called as necessary evil?
14. L2 What is the difference between the cone clutch and centrifugal clutch?
15. L1 What are the belt materials?
16. L2 Explain velocity ratio.
17. L2 What is slip and creep?
18. L3 Why crossed belt used instead of open belt?
19. L2 What do you meant by crowning in pulley?
20. L1 What is wipping?

Part-B
Blooms
S.No Questions
Level
1. L3 An electric motor driven power screw moves a nut in a horizontal plane against a force of 75 kN at a
speed of 300 mm/min. The screw has a single square thread of 6 mm pitch on a major diameter of 40 mm.
The coefficient of friction at the screw threads is 0.1. Estimate power of the motor. (Apr/May2017)
2. L3 A square threaded bolt of root diameter 22.5 mm and pitch 5 mm is tightened by screwing a nut whose
mean diameter of bearing surface is 50 mm. If coefficient of friction for nut and bolt is 0.1 and for nut and
bearing surface 0.16, find the force required at the end of a spanner 500 mm long when the load on the
bolt is 10 kN.
3. L2 The cutter of a broaching machine is pulled by square threaded screw of 55 mm external diameter and 10
mm pitch. The operating nut takes the axial load of 400 N on a flat surface of 60 mm internal diameter and
90 mm external diameter. If the coefficient of friction is 0.15 for all contact surfaces on the nut, determine
the power required to rotate the operating nut, when the cutting speed is 6 m/min. (May/June 2016)
4. L2 The pitch of 50 mm mean diameter threaded screw of a screw jack is 12.5 mm. The coefficient of friction
between the screw and the nut is 0.13. Determine the torque required on the screw to raise a load of 25 kN,
assuming the load to rotate with the screw. Determine the ratio of the torque required to raise the load to
the torque required to lower the load and also the efficiency of the machine. (Apr/May2017)
5. L2 The thrust of a propeller shaft in a marine engine is taken up by a number of collars integral with the shaft
which is 300 mm in diameter. The thrust on the shaft is 200 kN and the speed is 75 r.p.m. Taking μ
constant and equal to 0.05 and assuming intensity of pressure as uniform and equal to 0.3 N/mm2, find the
external diameter of the collars and the number of collars required, if the power lost in friction is not to
exceed 16 kW.
6. L2 A single plate clutch, effective on both sides, is required to transmit 25 kW at 3000 r.p.m. Determine the
outer and inner radii of frictional surface if the coefficient of friction is 0.255, the ratio of radii is 1.25 and
the maximum pressure is not to exceed 0.1 N/mm2. Also determine the axial thrust to be provided by
springs. Assume the theory of uniform wear. (Apr/May2017)

BL: L1-Remembering, L2-Understanding, L3-Applying, ,L4 Analyzing L5-Evaluating, L6-Creating

7. L3 A dry single plate clutch is to be designed for an automotive vehicle whose engine is rated to give 100 kW
at 2400 r.p.m. and maximum torque 500 N-m. The outer radius of friction plate is 25% more than the
inner radius. The intensity of pressure between the plate is not to exceed 0.07 N/mm2. The coefficient of
friction may be assumed equal to 0.3. The helical springs required by this clutch to provide axial force
necessary to engage the clutch are eight. If each spring has stiffness equal to 40 N /mm, determine the
initial compression in the springs and dimensions of the friction plate.
8. L3 A plate clutch has three discs on the driving shaft and two discs on the driven shaft, providing four pairs of
contact surfaces. The outside diameter of the contact surfaces is 240 mm and inside diameter 120 mm.
Assuming uniform pressure and μ = 0.3; find the total spring load pressing the plates together to transmit
25 kW at 1575 r.p.m. If there are 6 springs each of stiffness 13 kN/m and each of the contact surfaces has
worn away by 1.25 mm, find the maximum power that can be transmitted, assuming uniform wear.
9. L3 A centrifugal clutch is to transmit 15 kW at 900 r.p.m. The shoes are four in number. The speed at which
the engagement begins is 3/4th of the running speed. The inside radius of the pulley rim is 150 mm and
the centre of gravity of the shoe lies at 120 mm from the centre of the spider. The shoes are lined with
Ferrodo for which the coefficient of friction may be taken as 0.25. Determine: 1. Mass of the shoes, and 2.
Size of the shoes, if angle subtended by the shoes at the centre of the spider is 60º and the pressure exerted
on the shoes is 0.1 N/mm2.
10. L2 Explain with a neat sketch a centrifugal clutch and deduce an equation for the total torque transmitted.
11. L3 The power is transmitted from a pulley 1 m diameter running at 200 r.p.m. to a pulley 2.25 m diameter by
means of a belt. Find the speed lost by the driven pulley as a result of creep, if the stress on the tight and
slack side of the belt is 1.4 MPa and 0.5 MPa respectively. The Young’s modulus for the material of the
belt is 100 MPa.
12. L3 A shaft rotating at 200 r.p.m. drives another shaft at 300 r.p.m. and transmits 6 kW through a belt. The belt
is 100 mm wide and 10 mm thick. The distance between the shafts is 4m. The smaller pulley is 0.5 m in
diameter. Calculate the stress in the belt, if it is 1. an open belt drive, and 2. a cross belt drive. Take μ =
0.3.
13. L2 A leather belt is required to transmit 7.5 kW from a pulley 1.2 m in diameter, running at 250 r.p.m. The
angle embraced is 165° and the coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley is 0.3. If the safe
working stress for the leather belt is 1.5 MPa, density of leather 1 Mg/m3 and thickness of belt 10 mm,
determine the width of the belt taking centrifugal tension into account.
14. L3 An open belt drive connects two pulleys 1.2 m and 0.5 m diameter, on parallel shafts 4 metres apart. The
mass of the belt is 0.9 kg per metre length and the maximum tension is not to exceed 2000 N. The
coefficient of friction is 0.3. The 1.2 m pulley, which is the driver, runs at 200 r.p.m. Due to belt slip on
one of the pulleys, the velocity of the driven shaft is only 450 r.p.m. Calculate the torque on each of the
two shafts, the power transmitted, and power lost in friction. What is the efficiency of the drive?
(Apr/May 2018)
15. L2 Two parallel shafts whose centre lines are 4.8 m apart, are connected by open belt drive. The diameter of
the larger pulley is 1.5 m and that of smaller pulley 1 m. The initial tension in the belt when stationary is 3
kN. The mass of the belt is 1.5 kg / m length. The coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley is
0.3. Taking centrifugal tension into account, calculate the power transmitted, when the smaller pulley
rotates at 400 r.p.m.
16. L3 A rope drive transmits 600 kW from a pulley of effective diameter 4 m, which runs at a speed of 90 r.p.m.
The angle of lap is 160°; the angle of groove 45°; the coefficient of friction 0.28; the mass of rope 1.5 kg /
m and the allowable tension in each rope 2400 N. Find the number of ropes required. (May/June 2016)
17. L3 Determine an expression for the length of a belt in an open belt drive.
18. L2 A single block brake is shown in Fig. The diameter of the drum is 250 mm and the angle of contact is 90°.
If the operating force of 700 N is applied at the end of a lever and the coefficient of friction between the
drum and the lining is 0.35, determine the torque that may be transmitted by the block brake.

BL: L1-Remembering, L2-Understanding, L3-Applying, ,L4 Analyzing L5-Evaluating, L6-Creating

19. L2 The simple band brake, as shown in Fig, is applied to a shaft carrying a flywheel of mass 400 kg. The
radius of gyration of the flywheel is 450 mm and runs at 300 r.p.m. If the coefficient of friction is 0.2 and
the brake drum diameter is 240 mm, find :
1. The torque applied due to a hand load of 100 N,
2. The number of turns of the wheel before it is brought to
rest, and
3. The time required to bring it to rest, from the moment of the application of the brake.

20. L2 A band and block brake, having 14 blocks each of which subtends an angle of 15° at the centre, is applied
to a drum of 1 m effective diameter. The drum and flywheel mounted on the same shaft has a mass of
2000 kg and a combined radius of gyration of 500 mm. The two ends of the band are attached to pins on
opposite sides of the brake lever at distances of 30 mm and 120 mm from the fulcrum. If a force of 200 N
is applied at a distance of 750 mm from the fulcrum, Determine:
1. Maximum braking torque, 2. Angular retardation of the drum, and 3. Time taken by the system to come
to rest from the rated speed of 360 r.p.m. The coefficient of friction between blocks and drum may be
taken as 0.25.

Subject Incharge Course Coordinator HoD / Mech

BL: L1-Remembering, L2-Understanding, L3-Applying, ,L4 Analyzing L5-Evaluating, L6-Creating