RAATHI COMPUTERS

ENGLISH SPEAKING
COURSE

Farheen Shaikh
SR.No TOPIC Pg.no

1 Before we start-
Letters of English Alphabet
Greeting
Manners
Time
Numerals
Days of the week
Months of the year
Punctuation Marks

2 Basics of English
Sentences and their types
Parts of Sentence
Use of “This,That,Those,These”

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3
What is Communication?

Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one

place, person or group to another.

Categories of Communication
There are a wide range of ways in which we communicate and
more than one may be occurring at any given time.

The different categories of communication include:

Spoken or Verbal Communication :which includes face-to-

face, telephone, radio or television and other media.

Non-Verbal Communication: covering body language,

gestures, how we dress or act, where we stand, and even our
scent. There are many subtle ways that we communicate
(perhaps even unintentionally) with others. For example, the
tone of voice can give clues to mood or emotional state, whilst
hand signals or gestures can add to a spoken message.

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Written Communication: which includes letters, e-mails,
social media, books, magazines, the Internet and other media.
Until recent times, a relatively small number of writers and
publishers were very powerful when it came to communicating
the written word. Today, we can all write and publish our ideas
online, which has led to an explosion of information and
communication possibilities.

Visualizations: graphs and charts, maps, logos and other

visualizations can all communicate messages.

How do you define verbal communication?

It is the spoken, oral, and unwritten way of communicating. It makes use of words,
vocabulary, numbers and symbols and is organized in sentences.

This communication skill is not reserved for

the selected few. It is an ability that each and
every one should develop to improve
relationships and interactions.

Everyone's mind is forever having thoughts

and they are primarily in pictures and words.
Words spoken affect your life as well as
others. They have the power to create
emotions and move people to take action.

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When you communicate clearly, you activate your mind and that of others and you stimulate
creativity.

How to Improve Verbal Communication Skill

Use positive words to challenge limiting beliefs

Phrase your words clearly and positively. Your words and the explanations you give affect
thoughts and determine emotions.

Questioning helps challenge beliefs. According to Michael Hall, a belief is a thought to which
you have said "yes", and you have affirmed by saying, "I believe this". It takes questions worded
specifically before you can fully agree.

Your customers, children or partners agreeing and saying "Yes" to your suggestions and
opinions indicate that you were able to influence and change their beliefs and thoughts from
your spoken or writtenpersuasion.

Tell or narrate a story

One of the ways to let others understand your message is by telling a story, reading a quote or
telling a joke. Verbal communication through stories carries power to induce the person to
relate to what you are saying or suggesting. A joke usually helps people relax more and their
minds are more opened to listen to you.

The way you deliver the story can affect the thinking, emotions and behavior of the listeners. He
is able to imagine the experience and will produce a response. A story narrated with eloquent
can give hope to people who are in dire need for encouragement.

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The two primary internal communication types are formal
and informal communication:

Formal communication is communication through pre-defined channels set by

organizations. They are typically conveyed from top leadership to various
departments that funnels down to lower level employees. It is backed by
organizational procedure, and it is necessary to fulfill the goals of the organization.

Informal communication is more relational than formal. It is not backed by any

pre-determined channels and can happen anywhere within the organization. The
primary goal of this messaging is to preserve and establish relationships with
colleagues and superiors and subordinates. Since it is not defined by any channels,
messaging moves a lot faster, but it is without any paper trail or official
documentation

Different ways to introduce yourself

1. My name is ________________

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 2. Hello, my name is ________________

3. Hi, my name is ________________

4. I'm glad to know you. My name is ________________

5. Hi, my name is ________________

6. I'm glad to know you. My name is ________________

Answer each question

a. What is your name? (My name is ______________.)

b. Where do you live? (I live in [city] ______________.)

c. What is your address? (My address is ______________.)

d. What is your phone number? (My phone number is [area code] ______________.)

e. Where do you work? (I work at ______________.)

f. What kind of work do you do? (I'm a[n] ______________.)

Lesson – 1
Before we start

Before we start concept chapters, we would like to let you know about a few basics of
English language.

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Our first question to you is “How many alphabets are there in
English?”

Most of you would answer “26”. Not really!

The correct answer is 1. Why so???? You must wonder!!

Alphabet is just a name given to the group of all the Letters in a
language; comprising vowels & consonants.

Upper Case (Capital Letters)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Lower Case (Small Letters)

a b c d e f g h I j k l m n

o p q r s t u v w x y z

Vowels : There are 5 vowels. a, e, i, o, u

Consonants : Rest 21 are consonants. b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n,
p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.

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 Do you know?

Letters form a word.

Words form a sentence.
Sentences form a paragraph.
Eg.“Mojib is a good guy. He is my best friend. I like him a lot.”
There are 3 sentences in above paragraph –

1) Mojib is a good guy.

2) 2) He is my best friend.
3) 3) I like him a lot.

There are 15 words and 43 letters.

Mojib is a good guy

He is my best friend

I like him a lot

GREETINGS

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Choosing words while Greeting someone depends on the age,
relation and position of the person whom you need to greet at
time.

MORNING TO 12 NOON GOOD MORNING

BYE / TAKE CARE/ SEE
YOU/HAVE A NICE DAY
12 :00 – 5:00 PM GOOD AFTERNOON
BYE/TAKE CARE/SEE YOU
HAVE A NICE DAY
5:00 – NIGHT GOOD EVENING
GOOD NIGHT / TAKE
CARE/ SEE YOU

Basically, if you need to be formal with someone whom you

greet, you can use Good
Morning / Good Afternoon / Good Evening, however in
informal/casual meet, you can
certainly use “Hi”, “Hello” etc.

MANNERS

To show your good manners, keep in mind –

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If you are asking someone for something, use “Please”,
“Kindly” sort of words.

If your were given something or given importance , always say

“Thanks”.
( “Thank you” is more formal than “Thanks”.)

If someone thanks you for something, you can say: “Welcome”,

“Mention not”, “My pleasure”, “It‟s ok”, “It‟s alright” etc.

While talking over the phone, if you couldn‟t hear

something, you can say – “I beg your pardon” or “I am
sorry” or “I didn‟t get it” or “Excuse me” or you may
politely say “Will you please repeat, I didn‟t get you” etc.

While giving a way/path to a lady, someone older/elder or

elderly person, politely say “After you”. It simply implies
that you respect that person and gives him/her more
importance than yourself.

If someone asks you “How are you?”; it‟s pretty common, you
say “I am fine.” But it‟s better to ask him/her as well about how
he/she is. You can rather say - “I am fine. What about you?” or
“Great. You tell?” or “Fine and you?” etc.

If you wish to cut someone short or interrupt, say politely –

“Sorry to interrupt you” or “Sorry to intervene” and then
proceed

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When you behave civilized & cultured, you are given respect in
society. Just a mere use of such words or phrases is not enough,
you need to be polite and humble in your speaking as well.

It doesn‟t end here, rather newer ideas will emerge with time
when you delve more into this foreign language.

TIME

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2 बजे को कहें गे – 2 o‘clock (2 ओ क्लॉक )
11 बजे को कहें गे – 11 o’clock (11 ओ क्लॉक)
7 बजे को कहें गे – 7 o’clock ( 7 ओ क्लॉक )
अब समझिए –
“ इतने बजकर इतने मिनट “ का फॉिमुला है – ( मिनट +past + घंटा )

MINUTE+PAST+HOURS

अगर आपको कहना है “ पाां च बजकर दस झमनट “ हुए है | सोझचए झमनट झकतने
हुए है – 10 और घांटे झकतने हुए है – 5 तो फॉममुले के अनमसार आप कहें गे – 10
past 5.
अगर “आठ बजकर बीस झमनट “ हुए है |तो फॉममुले के अनमसार आप कहें गे – 20
past 8 टवेन्टी पास्ट ऐट
अगर “सात बजकर पच्चीस झमनट” हुए है |तो फॉममुले के अनमसार आप कहें गे – 25
past7.टवेन्टी फाइव पास्ट सेवन
अगर “दो बजकर बाईस झमनट” हुए है | तो फॉममुले के अनमसार आप कहें गे – 22
past 2. टवेन्टी टू पास्ट टू
अगर “पाां च बजकर छ: झमनट” हुए है | तो फॉममुले के अनमसार आप कहें गे – 6 past
5. झसक्स पास्ट फाइव

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“इतने बजने िें इतने मिनट” का फॉिमुला है – ( मिनट +to + घंटा )

अगर आपको कहना है “पाां च बजने में दस झमनट” हैं | सोझचए झमनट झकतने बचे है
– 10 और कौन सा घांटा होने के झलए – 5 तो फॉममुले के अनमसार आप कहें गे – 10
to 5.
अगर “आठ बजने में बीस झमनट” है तो फॉममुले के अनमसार आप कहें गे – 20 to 8.
टवेन्टी टम एट
अगर “दो बजने में बारह झमनट” है | तो फॉममुले के अनमसार आप कहें गे – 12 to
2 टवेल्व टम टू
अगर “ग्यारह बजने में बारह झमनट” है तो फॉममुले के अनमसार आप कहें गे – 12 to
11. टवेल्व टम इलेवन
अगर “तीन बजने में पाां च झमनट” है तो फॉममुले के अनमसार आप कहें गे – 5 to 3.
फाइव टम थ्री

नोट – 1 घांटे में 60 झमनट होते है | 60 झमनट का आधा 30 झमनट होता है इसझलए 30
झमनट को हाफ (half) कहते है और 30 झमनट का भी आधा 15 झमनट होता है
इसझलए 15 झमनट को क्वाटर (quarter) कहते है | समझिए –

जैसा झक आपने पढ़ा

अगर “आठ बजकर पन्द्रह झमनट” याझन “सवा आठ” हुए है | तो फॉममुले के
अनमसार आप कहें गे

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-15 past 8 (झफफ्टीन पास्ट एट)

यहााँ पर 15 (झफफ्टीन) की जगह आप क्वाटर का प्रयोग कर सकते है | और कह

सकते है
quarter past 8 (क्वाटर पास्ट एट) –

इसी तरह

अगर “आठ बजने में पन्द्रह झमनट” याझन “पौने आठ” हुए है | तो फॉममुले के
अनमसार आप कहें गे
– 15 to 8. (झफफ्टीन टम एट )

यहााँ पर 15 (झफफ्टीन ) की जगह आप क्वाटर का प्रयोग कर सकते है | और कह

सकते है
-quarter to 8 (क्वाटर टम एट )

ठीक इसी तरह

अगर “आठ बजकर तीस झमनट” याझन “साढ़े आठ” हुए है | तो फॉममुले के अनमसार
आप कहें गे

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– 30 past 8. (थटी पास्ट एट )
यहााँ पर 30 (थटी की जगह आप हाफ का प्रयोग कर सकते है | और कह सकते है
– half past 8 (हाफ पास्ट एट )

11 बजे – 11 o’clock
5 बजे – 5 o’clock
7 बजे – 7 o’clock
11 बजकर बीस झमनट – 20 past 11
1 बजने में सात झमनट – 7 to 1
2 बजकर तीस झमनट – Half past 2 या Half to 3
(क्ोांझक 2 बजकर तीस झमनट को 3 बजने में तीस झमनट भी तो कह सकते है |)
सवा आठ – 15 past 8
10 बजने में 10 झमनट – 10 to 10
पौने 5 – Quarter to 5
साढ़े 10 – Half past 10
ढाई बजे – Half past 2
रात के बारह बजे के बाद से दोपहर के बारह बजे से पहले तक के समय के साथ
“am” का प्रयोग कर सकते है जबझक दोपहर के बाहर बजे के बाद से रात के

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बाहर बजे से पहले तक के समय के साथ “pm” का प्रयोग कर सकते है |

रात के 12 बजे – 12 AM
रात के 1 बजे – 1 AM
समबह के 5 बजे – 5 AM
समबह के 10 बजे – 10 AM
समबह के 11 बजे – 11 AM
समबह के 11 बजकर 59 झमनट – 11.59 AM
दोपहर के 12 बजे – 12 PM
दोपहर के 1 बजे – 1 PM
शाम के 5 बजे – 5 PM
शाम के 7 बजे – 7 PM
रात के 11 बजे – 11 PM
रात के 11 बजकर 59 झमनट – 11.59 PM

EXERCISE
 5:30 : ________________________________________________
 4:15 : _________________________________________________
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 2:45 : _________________________________________________
 3:20 : _________________________________________________
 6:35 : _________________________________________________

Numerals & their Pronunciations

1 One 15 Fifteen
2 Two 16 Sixteen
3 Three 17 Seventeen
4 Four 18 Eighteen
5 Five 19 Nineteen
6 Six 20 Twenty
7 Seven 30 Thirty
8 Eight 40 Forty
9 Nine 50 Fifty
10 Ten 60 Sixty
11 Eleven 70 Seventy
12 Twelve 80 Eighty
13 Thirteen 90 Ninety
14 Fourteen 100 Hundred

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Which class you are in?

1st First 7th Seventh

2nd Second 8th Eighth
3rd Third 9th Nineth
4th Fourth 10th Tenth
5th Fifth 11th Eleventh
6th Sixth 12th Twelth

Graduation
Post Graduation

How much is the glass filled

1/2 Half 1/5 One fifth

1/3 One third 2/3 Two third

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1/4 One fourth 3/4 Three fourth

“How fold” or “How many time” –

Single
Double / Twice / Two fold
Three times/ Three fold/ Thrice
Four times/ Four folds

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Singular And Plural Subjects

Subjects दो तरह के होते हैं (Subjects are of two types) –

Singular And Plural Subjects
Singular – झसन्गमलर (एकवचन) जब Subject एक व्यक्ति, एक वस्तम
या एक स्थान का बोध कराये।
When the subject refers to one person/place/thing.
Plural – प्ल्यूरल (बहुवचन) जब Subject एक से ज़्यादा व्यक्ति, वस्तम
या स्थान का बोध कराये।
When the subject refers to more than one person/place/thing.

Singular (एकवचन ) Plural (बहुवचन )

Ram (एक लड़का है )

Shyam (एक लड़का है )
Sky (आसमान एक है )
This- यह, ये (एक के झलए)(near) This is a mango
That- वह, वो (एक के झलए) That is a mango tree.
It- यह, ये (एक के झलए)
Pen (एक पैन की बात हो रही है ।)
Ram & Shyam (एक से ज़्यादा याझन दो लड़के है )

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People(लोग)
Crowd(भीड़)
These- यह, ये (एक से ज़्यादा के झलए) These are mangoes.
Those वह, वो, वे (एक से ज़्यादा के झलए) Those are mango trees.
Pens (एक से ज़्यादा पैनोां की बात हो रही है ।)

Write the plural form of the following words

1. boy - boys
2. girl - girls
3. pen - pens
4. umbrella - umbrellas
5. bird - birds
6. city - cities
7. state - states
8. country - countries
9. laptop - laptops
10. man – men
11. woman- women
12. tooth – teeth
13. foot- feet
14. leaf - leaves

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 15. mouse - mice
16. goose – geese
17. half – halves
18. knife – knives
19. wife – wives
20. life – lives
21. loaf – loaves
22. fungus - fungi
23. potato – potatoes
24. tomato – tomatoes
25. river – rivers

II Words with same plural and singular forms

1. Sheep - Sheep
2. fish - fish
3. deer - deer
4. species - species
5. aircraft - aircraft
CHOOSE the correct form of noun in each sentence

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 1 I have three (CHILD/CHILDREN)
2 There are five (man,men) and one (women,woman)
3 (Baby/Babies) play with bottles as toys.
4 Put two big (potato, potatoes) in the bag.
5 A few men wear (watch, watches)
6 I saw a (mouse/mice) running by.
7 There are few (bus/buses) on the road today.

each/per -- 1

Pronunciation

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 Pronunciation – ज़रुरी है झक हम जब भी झकसी शब्द को बोलें तो उसे सही
तरीके से बोलें । गलत तरीके से बोलने पर उसका अथु बदल जाता है ।
Always pronounce a word properly or else the meaning of the word can
change.
Often, pronunciation of a word depends on the sound of the vowel in the
word itself. Exceptions are certainly there, but when you keep learning a
language, you come to know such exceptions yourselves. Since the
vowels are the base of pronunciation, we start with vowels first;
however, we’ll cover those consonants too, without knowing their
pronunciation, it is next to impossible to pronounce correctly.

प्रायझकसी भी शब्द का उच्चारण उस शब्द में आने वाले स्वर से झनधाु ररत :
होताा है । हालााँ झक अपवाद हर जगह हैं लेझकन जब आप झकसी भाषा को सीखने
की प्रझिया में आगे बढ़ते जाते हैं तो खमद ब खमद आप इन अपवादोां को जानने
लगते हैं । स्वरोां का रोल अहम होने की वजह से हम शमरुआत स्वरोां के उच्चारण
से करते हैं उसके बाद कमछ ऐसे व्यजांनोां के उच्चारण को समिेंगे झजनके झबना
अांग्रेज़ी भाषा को सही तरीके से बोलना नामममझकन है ।

A man is standing there. अ मैन इज़ स्टै क्तडांग दे अर।

He is a good boy. ही इज़ अ गमड बॉय।

Make sentence of the following words

S.NO Word Pronunciation Meaning

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 Move

Please, move here

1 Plants cannot move मूव झहलना या झहलाना

Humans can move from

place to place

Go

I will go back to office

2 tomorrow. गो जाना

People go to theatre to
watch movies.

Eat

I eat Chinese food.

3 इु ट खाना
We must eat healthy
food.

Walk
4 वॉक घूमना, पैदल चलना
We must walk everyday

5 Drink झडरांक पीना

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 I like to drink juice.

I like to drink apple

juice

See

We can see with our

6 eyes सी दे खना

I see vehicles everyday

on the road.

7 Look लमक दे खना (ध्यान से)

दे खना (झहलती
8 Watch वाच
चीज/व्यक्ति)

9 Write राइट झलखना

10 Read रीड पढ़ना

11 Think झथां क सोचना

12 Speak स्पीक बात करना

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13 Talk टॉक बात करना

14 Get Up गै ट अप उठना या जगना

15 Sleep स्लीप सोना

16 Stand स्टै ड खड़े होना

17 Sit झसट बैठना

18 Come कम आना

19 Laugh लाफ हाँ सना

20 Learn लनु सीखना

21 Ask आस्क पूछना

22 Say से कहना

23 Tell टै ल बताना

24 Cheat चीट धोखा दे ना

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25 Push पमश धक्का दे ना

26 Pull पमल खीांचना

27 Play प्ले खेलना

28 Game गे म खेल

29 Home होम घर

30 Deaf डै फ़ बहरा

31 Dumb डम गूाँ गा

32 Lame लेम लाँगड़ा

33 Alive अलाइव जीझवत

34 Stay स्टे ठहरना

35 Find फाइड पाना, ढूाँढना

36 Buy बाय खरीदना

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37 Here झहअर यहााँ

38 There दे अर वहााँ

39 Give झगव दे ना

40 Take टे क लेना, ले जाना

41 Beat बीट पीटना

42 Win झवन जीतना

43 Scold स्कॉल्ड डााँ टना

44 Knife नाइफ चाकू

45 Sword सोडु तलवार

46 Cut कट काटना

47 Bite बाइट दााँ त से काटना

48 Bow बो धनमष

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49 Arrow ऐरो तीर

50 Spoon स्पून चम्मच

Daily Use English Sentences

1. कपडे समखा दो।

(Kapde sukha do.)
Put the clothes to dry.

2. आलू छील दो।

(Aaloo chheel do.)
Peel off the potatoes

3. सन्तरा छील दो।

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 (Santara Chheel do.)
Peel off the Orange.

4. मबस्तर लगा दो।

(Bistar laga do.)
Make the bed. / Prepare the bed.

5. ढक्कन खोल दो।

(Dhakkan khol do.)
Open the lid/cap/cover.

6. नल खोल दो।
(Nal khol do.)
Turn on the tap.

7. नल बन्द कर दो।
(Nal band kar do.)
Turn off the tap.

8. चादर मबछा दो।

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 (Chaadar bichha do.)
Spread the bed sheet.

9. मबस्तर पर चादर मबछा दो।

(Bistar par chaadar bichha do.)
Spread the sheet on the bed.

10. दीवार पर सहारा ित लो।

(Deewar par sahaara mat lo.)
Do not lean against the wall.

11. िमझ पर सहारा ित लो।

(Mujh par sahaara mat lo.)
Do not lean against me.

12. िेरे कंधे पर अपना मसर ित रखो।

(Mere kandhe par apna sir mat rakho.)
Do not lean your head on my shoulder.

13. मदिाग से काि लो।

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 (Dimag se kam lo.)
Use your brain.

14. धीिे बोलो।

(Dheeme bolo.)
Speak softly. / Speak quietly.

15. धीरे बोलो।

(Dheere bolo.)
Speak slowly.

16. तेज़ बोलो।

(Tez bolo.)
Speak quickly.

17. ऊँचा बोलो।

(Ooncha bolo.)
Speak aloud.

18. खाना लगा दो।

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 (Khaana laga do.)
Serve the food.

19. दबे पाँव चलो।

(Dabe paaon aao.)
Walk on the tiptoe.

20. वो दबे पाँव किरे िें घमसा।

(Vo dabe paaon kamre me ghusa.)
He tiptoed into the room.

21. िमझ पर एहसान ित करो।

(Mujh par ehsaan mat karo.)
Don’t favour me.

22. बहाने ित बनाओ।

(Bahaane mat banao.)
Don’t make excuses.

23. सिय की नजाकत को सिझो।

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 (Samay ki nazakat ko samjho.)
Understand the delicacy of time.

24. अपने बाल बना लो।

(Apne baal bana lo.)
Comb you hair.

25. सिझने की कोमिि करो।

(Samajhne ki koshish karo.)
Try to understand.

26. िमझे गमस्सा ित मदलाओ।

(Mujhe gussa mat dilao.)
Don’t make me angry.

27. उसे सिय लेने दो।

(Use samay lene do.)
Let him take time.

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28. आँ ख ित िारो।
(Aankh mat maro.)
Do not wink.

29. इिारा ित करो।

(Ishara mat karo.)
Do not gesture.

30. बक बक ित करो।
(Bak bak mat karo.)
Don’t prattle. / Stop your gab.

31. बकवास ित करो।

(Bakwaas mat karo.)
Don’t talk nonsense.

32. मज़द ित करो।

(Zid mat karo.)
Don’t be stubborn.
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33. िमझसे पंगे ित लो।
(Mujhse pange mat lo.)
Do not mess with me.

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34. धूप सेंक लो।
(Dhoop sek lo.)
Bask in the sun.

35. रोमटयाँ बेल लो।

(Rotiyaan bel lo.)
Roll the chapatis.

36. रोटी कैसे बनायें ?

(Roti kaise banaayein.)
How to roll the chapati?

37. आटा गूंथ लो।

(Aanta goonth lo.)
Knead the flour.

38. रोमटयाँ सेंक लो।

(Rotiyaan senk lo.)
Bake the chapatis.
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39. जूते पहन लो।
(Joote pahan lo.)
Put on the shoes.

40. जूते उतार लो।

(Joote utaar lo.)
Take off the shoes.

41. िटु पहन लो।

(Shirt pahan lo.)
Wear the shirt.

42. िटु उतार लो।

(Shirt utaar lo.)
Take off the shirt.

43. मदल पे ित लो।

(Dil pe mat lo.)
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 Don’t take it to heart.

44. उसे मवदा कर दो।

(Use vida kar do.)
See him off

45. उसे गाली ित दो।

(Use gali mat do.)
Don’t abuse him.

46. अंधेरा हो रहा है ।

(Andhera ho raha hai.)
It’s getting dark.
It’s becoming dark. (It’s = It is)

47. अंधेरा हो गया है ।

(Andhera ho gaya hai.)
It’s got dark.
It’s become dark. (It’s = It has)

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48. िमझे नहाने दो।
(Mujhe nahane do.)
Let me take a bath.

49. जाकर सो जाओ।

(Jaakar so jao.)
Go and sleep.

50. िमझे ठं ड लग रही है ।

(Mujhe thand lag rahi hai.)
I’m feeling cold.

51. बाररि हो रही है ।

(Barish ho rahi hai.)
It’s raining.

52. फोन आ रहा है ।

(Phone aa raha hai.)
The phone is ringing.

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53. ििीन चालू करो।
(Machine chaaloo karo.)
Switch on the machine.

54. ििीन चलाओ।

(Machine chalao.)
Operate the machine.

55. एसी बन्द करो।

(AC band karo.)
Switch off the AC.

56. एसी ऑन करो।

(AC ON karo.)
Switch on the AC.

57. समबह हो गयी।

(Subah ho gayi.)
It’s Morning.

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58. िेरे साथ चलो।
(Mere saath chalo.)
Come with me.

59. उसे ित दे खो।

(Use mat dekho.)
Don’t look at him.

60. उसे ित घूरो।

(Use mat ghooro.)
Don’t stare at him.

61. नौकरी कर लो।

(Naukri kar lo.)
Start a job.

62. नौकरी ढू ँ ढ लो।

(Naukri dhoond lo.)
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 Find a job.

63. डर ाइमवंग सीख लो।

(Driving seekh lo.)
Learn driving.

64. तमि सीख जाओगे।

(Tum seekh jaoge.)
You will learn.

65. तमि िें कला है ।

(Tum me kala hai.)
You have the art.

66. इं मडया जीतेगी।

(India jeetegi.)
India will win. /
India is gonna win. (Gonna = going to)

67. तमि अंग्रेज़ी सीखोगे।

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 (Tum angrezi seekhoge.)
You will learn English.

68. तमि डरपोक हो।

(Tum darpok ho.)
You are coward.

69. नंगे पैर ित चलो।

(Nange pair mat chalo.)
Don’t walk barefoot.

70. चालाक ित बनो।

(Chalak mat bano.)
Don’t be smart.

71. दोबारा कब मिलेंगे?

(Dobara kab milenge?)
When will we meet again?

72. बहुत िज़ा आया!

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 (Bahut maza aaya!)
Enjoyed a lot!

73. मैं झदल्ली से आ रहा हाँ ।

(Main Delhi se aa raha hun.)
I am coming from Delhi.

74. मैं दे हरादू न से आ रहा हाँ ।

(Main Dehradun se aa raha hun.)
I am coming from Dehradun.

75. वे पाकु से आये।

(Ve park se aaye.)
They came from park.

76. मैं कल से काम करुाँगा।

(Main kal se kaam karunga.)
I will work from tomorrow.

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 77. राम दस बजे से काम करे गा।
(Ram das baje se kaam karega.)
Ram will work from 10 ‘o’clock.

78. मैंने राम से ये समना।

(Maine Ram se ye suna.)
I heard it from Ram.

79. मैंने ये झकताब से झलखा।

Planning for future : Role Play
This Blog Daily Conversation in English contains
very useful sentences in your daily life. You
can use these conversation in your school, college or any
classroom.
(Maine ye kitab se likha.)

Amit Hello Raj, what subjects have you Opted for in class XI ?

Raj I have opted for Science with Maths.

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Amit What would you like to be in your Life ?

Raj I want to be an engineer.

Amit How are you planning to achieve Your goal ?

I’m working hard in Maths, Physics and Chemistry. I

Raj
have planning to appear in I.I.T. after XII.

Amit How much time do you devote to Your studies ?

Raj I study for 6-8 hours everyday

Amit Have you joined any coaching Classes ?

No. Not yet, but I would like to join a Crash course for
Raj
I.I.T. entrance after Completing class XII.

GOING TO FRIENDS WEDDING

Rakesh Hello,Ankit how are you?

Ankit Hi, Rakesh l’ m fine, thank you, And you ?

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Rakesh l,m OK .Have you received the Invitation to Ashok’s mar

Ankit yes, l have.

Rakesh Do you know the bride’s people?

Ankit No, l don’ t

Rakesh Has Ashok invited our other friends ?

Ankit Yes, he has.

Rakesh Are You going to attend the programme ?

Ankit Yes, I am.

Rakesh Are your parents going with you?

Ankit No, they aren’t.

Rakesh Are you going to stay very late?

Ankit No, I’m not.

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Rakesh Is there going to be any musical Programme ?

Yes, there is. How about you ? Are You coming

Ankit
?

Rakesh Oh, Yes I am.

Ankit OK, see you later.

Rakesh OK, bye.

Ankit Bye.

At the Railway station.

Prakash Is there any train for Mumbai, Please ?

Enquiry
Yes, the Punjab mail is there.
Clerk

Prakash when does it leave for Mumbai ?

Enquiry
16:30, that is 4.30 in the evening.
Clerk

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Prakash from which platform ?

Enquiry
Platform No. One
Clerk

Prakash Where can I get the ticket from?

Enquiry
You can have it at the Reservation counter.
Clerk

Prakash Thank you.

At the Reservation counter.

Prakash A ticket to Mumbai please, how much ?

Ticket
Two hundred ten rupees, Please.
Clerk

Prakash Here you are.

Ticket Do you have a 10 rupee note

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Clerk

Prakash Oh, sure take it.

Ticket
Here’s your Ticket.
Clerk

Prakash Thank you.

Interview –

Arun May I come in sir?

Interviewer Yes, Come in.

Arun May I sit?

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Interviewer Yeah sure. How are you?

Arun sir, I am fine and you?

Interviewer I am good. Do we start?

Arun Yes sir.

Interviewer what is your name?

Arun sir, Arun.

I see. tell me something about yourself including your

Interviewer
family background?

Sir, My name is Arun. I belong to Delhi. I graduated

from Delhi University in 2010.

Arun We are five members in family. My father is in private

job. My mother is a house wife. I’ve a brother and a
sister. Both are younger to me and pursuing graduation
from DU itself. My hobbies are playing guitar and
reading books. That’s it.

Interviewer You have done BA or BSc?

Arun Sir, I have done BA.

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Interviewer Which was your favorite subject?

Arun History.
Interviewer Can you tell me the name of Ashoka’s father?
Sir, I can’t remember now. Actually it’s been three years
Arun having done graduation so don’t remember much. I think
it was Bindusar.
Interviewer Are you confident?
Arun Not so sure.
It’s ok. Anyways, do you have any idea what a call center
Interviewer
is?
Sir, Call center is a place where calls are either received
or made. There are two types of processes; inbound and
Arun
outbound. In inbound, we receive a call from customers
and in outbound, we make a call to them.

Interviewer Why do we call customers in outbound processes?

Sir, It may be for selling our products or for a survey

Arun
purpose.

Interviewer And in inbound?

Sir, we have to handle customer queries in inbound. We

Arun
have to provide good customer service to the customer.

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Interviewer Do you have any work experience?

Arun No sir, I am a fresher.

Interviewer Did you ever try for government jobs?

Yes sir, I did. I had written the test for Railways and
Arun
Indian Navy but I couldn’t get through.

Interviewer Do you think call center is a good career option?

Yes sir. Call center industry is a booming industry. Call

Arun centers are providing good salary package, facilities like
meals, transport and all. So I think I can grow here.

Can you tell me a disadvantage of working in call

Interviewer
centers?

Arun Shifts are rotational.

Interviewer But you got to manage!

yes sir, I know. It’s not a problem sir. When I thought to

apply in call centers, I convinced myself. I truly believe
Arun that one has to sacrifice some or the other thing to
achieve something better. And moreover, every job has
some pros and cons. I am quite comfortable with shifts.

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 I like your attitude. See, 5 years ago even I had joined
Interviewer here as an executive like you. So growth opportunities
are certainly there, but you got to perform.

Arun Yes sir.

Well, I think you can do a good job. By the way, where

Interviewer
do you stay?

Arun Sir, I live in Dilshad Colony.

Oh, that’s the problem. We don’t provide cabs in East

Interviewer
Delhi.

Arun Sir, Do you provide in South Delhi?

Interviewer Yes we do.

Sir, I can relocate as my friend is living there. I can share

Arun
his room.

That’s great. Ok Arun, so now you wait outside for the

Interviewer
feedback.

Arun Thank you so much sir. Nice talking to you.

Interviewer Same here.

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Arun Thank You sir.

Simple Tense

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60
Verb tense tells you when the action happens. There are three
main verb tenses: present, past, and future. Each main tense is
divided into simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive
tenses.

Present Past Future

finish finish finished will finish
eat eat ate will eat
Run Run Ran Will run
Sing sing sang will sing
Write Write Wrote Will write
Laugh Laugh Laughed Will laugh
Read read had read Will read
Talk Talk talked Will talk

Things to remember about simple tense:

a. Present tense is the original verb form.

b. Past tense has a few patterns.
c. Future tense needs will (shall) + verb.

run
 I run a race twice a year. (present)
 I ran a race last year. (past)
 I will run a race next year. (future)
eat

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  I eat lunch in my office.
 I ate lunch an hour ago.
 I will eat lunch in one hour.
see
 I see a movie once a week.
 I saw a movie yesterday.
 I will see a movie tomorrow.
know
 I know it.
 I knew it the day before yesterday.
 I will know it by tomorrow.
learn
 I learn English.
 I learned English the last two years.
 I will learn English next year.
cook
 I cook my supper every night.
 I cooked our dinner already.
 I will cook breakfast tomorrow.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate verb forms.

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1) I a song at the concert yesterday.
2) He a letter to his friend tomorrow.
3) I to the library to borrow some books this
weekend.

1) sang
2) will write
3) will go

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ANTONYMS (Opposite)

Old New
Rich poor
Friend Foe / enemy
Flower thorn
Dignity/respect disrespect
Educated uneducated
Pure impure
Help damage
Take give
Sky ground
Hope despair
Buy sell
High low
simple difficult
Grief,sorrow Merry
illiterate lliterate
Truth lie
Life death

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learned idiot
luck Bad luck
Gentle villain
Good deeds Bad deeds
Live dead
Complex simple
Expect ignore
Union seperation

JOB INTERVIEW CONVERSATION

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A: Good morning, I am here for my interview.

B: Hello, nice to meet you. I'm Mr. Gotcha. Have any trouble
finding the place?

A: No problem.

B: So why don't you tell me why you are interested in changing

positions?

A: Unfortunately, our company is shutting down due to the

economy.

B: What would you consider your strengths?

A: I am probably best at researching for marketing purposes.

B: What is your biggest weakness?

A: I tend to get bored easily and so love to keep myself

challenged.

B: We have a position where that could work out well.

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A: Thank you for taking the time to interview me.

B: Hi there, I'm Bill Gotcha, the owner of Gotcha Enterprises.

Did you find your way here OK?

A: Your assistant gave wonderful directions.

B: Why are you switching jobs at this point in your career?

A: Our company is moving overseas and I wish to stay in the

United States.

B: What are you best at?

A: I am good at organizing systems that have been having

problems.

B: What is your biggest challenge in terms of skills?

A: I don't like to sit around and so like to always find things to

do to keep myself busy.

B: That is good to hear!

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A: Good afternoon. Thank you for the opportunity to interview
for this position.

B: Hello, have a seat. I'm Bill Gotcha. I am assuming you

found your way here with no trouble?

A: Actually, I am very familiar with the area so there was

absolutely no problem.

B: I am curious as to why you want to leave your current

employer.

A: I am interested in switching fields.

B: Do you feel that you are exceptionally good at anything in

particular?

A: I am good at pulling together teams of people to accomplish

a task.

B: What are you not good at?

A: I am impatient with myself at times and am hard on myself.

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B: We appreciate hearing that about you!

Question Tag

Question tags are nothing but just a confirmation that the

speaker seeks from other person, he is talking to, even though he
knows what he is asking is true.

Let me explain. Suppose I am talking to you. I have no idea what kind

of person you are. If I ask you “Are you clever?” you might reply; “yes”
or “no”. But think about the case where I literally feel that you are
clever. Now I would not ask you like “Are you clever?”, rather I would
say “You are clever, aren‟t you?” Here, it‟s just a formality because I
know that you are clever. This „aren‟t you‟ is nothing but a question
tag.

If the sentence is positive, then the question tag will be in

negative form.
Ex: If the sentence is “He is good.” Then the question tag will be “isn‟t
he?”
If the sentence is negative, then the question tag will be in
positive form.
Ex: If the sentence is “He is not good.” Then the question tag will be
“is he?”
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 पांकज अच्छा है , है ना ? Pankaj is good, isn’t he ?
 झपांकी अच्छी लड़की है , है ना ? Pinki is a sweet girl, isn’t she ?
 तम म पागल हो, नहीां क्ा ? You are mad, aren’t you ?
 मैं बम रा हाँ , है ना ? I am bad, am I not ?
 वो खमश था, नहीां ? He was happy, wasn’t he ?
 हम दम खी थे, है ना ? We were sad, weren’t we ?
 मेरे पास पैसे हैं , नहीां ? I have money, haven’t I ?
 पापा के पास कमछ है , है ना ? Father has something, hasn’t he ?
 उसके पास झकताब थी, नहीां क्ा ? He had a book, hadn’t he ?
 तम म स्कूल जाते हो, है ना ? You go to school, don’t you ?
 राम स्कूल जाता है , है ना ? Ram goes to school, doesn’t he ?
 वो खेल रही है , है ना ? She is playing, isn’t she ?
 तम मने ताजमहल दे खा है , है झक नहीां ? You have seen the Taj, haven’t you ?
 वो स्कूल जाये गा, है ना ? He will go to school, won’t he ?
 तम म वहााँ गये , है झक नहीां ? You went there, didn’t you ?
 मैं आया था, है झक नहीां ? I had come, hadn’t I ?
 बस चली गयी होगी, है ना ? Bus will have gone, won’t it ?
 वो सो रहा होगा, है ना ? He will be sleeping, won’t he ?
 तम म अकेले जा सकते हो, है झक नहीां ? You can go alone, can’t you ?
 ममिे जाना चाझहए, क्ा कहते हो ? I should go, shouldn’t I ?
 ये प्यार है , है ना ? It is love, isn’t it ?

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 WH Family

What, When, Where, Whose, Who, How, Whom, Why

,Which.

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Tense

Verb tense tells you when the action happens. There are three
main verb tenses: present, past, and future. Each main tense is
divided into simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive
tenses.

Present Past Future

Simple finish finished will finish
am/is/are was/were will be
Progressive
finishing finishing finishing
have/has will have
Perfect had finished
finished finished
Perfect have/has been had been will have been
Progressive finishing finishing finishing

Things to remember about simple tense:

a. Present tense is the original verb form.

b. Past tense has a few patterns.
c. Future tense needs will (shall) + verb.

run
 I run a marathon twice a year. (present)
 I ran a marathon last year. (past)
 I will run a marathon next year. (future)

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eat
 I eat lunch in my office.
 I ate lunch an hour ago.
 I will eat lunch in one hour.
see
 I see a movie once a week.
 I saw a movie yesterday.
 I will see a movie tomorrow.
know
 I know it.
 I knew it the day before yesterday.
 I will know it by tomorrow.
learn
 I learn English.
 I learned English the last two years.
 I will learn English next year.
cook
 I cook my supper every night.
 I cooked our dinner already.
 I will cook breakfast tomorrow.

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Fill in the blanks with appropriate verb forms.

1)I a song at the concert yesterday.

2)He a letter to his girlfriend tomorrow.
3)I to the library to borrow some books this
weekend.

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Adjectives

Adjectives describe or modify nouns.

I like fairy tales. A fairy tale is an imaginary story that

has unrealisticcharacters in a fantastic background. It makes me
forget about the real world and refreshes my tired mind.

Adjectives generally appear immediately before the noun.

 A pretty girl
 Red flowers
 A long stick
 Heavy boxes
 Warm weather
Commonly, adjectives of opposite meaning are formed by
adding a prefix such as un, in, or dis.
 clear – unclear
 important – unimportant
 predictable – unpredictable
 believable – unbelievable
 common – uncommon
 aware – unaware
 ambiguous – unambiguous
 conventional – unconventional
 certain – uncertain
 definite – indefinite
 correct – incorrect

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  comparable – incomparable
 complete – incomplete
 evitable – inevitable
 expensive – inexpensive
 able – disable
 assemble – disassemble
 content – discontent
 similar – dissimilar
When using a string of adjectives, they should appear in a set
order: size/shape + age + color + origin + material.
 A big brown house
 A small old English desk
 A beautiful black Italian leather purse
 Delicious Chinese food
The + adjective describes a class or group of people and acts as a
noun.
 the old, the young, the poor, the rich, the oppressed, the
homeless, etc.
 This popular TV show is loved by the old.

Write opposite adjectives using the appropriate prefix.

1) Clear –
2) Definite –
3) Correct –
4) Expensive –
5) Complete –
76
Answers:
unclear
indefinite
incorrect
inexpensive
incomplete

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Interjections
An interjection is a word that expresses some kind of emotion. It can be used as filler.
Interjections do not have a grammatical function in the sentence and are not related to the other
parts of the sentence. If an interjection is omitted, the sentence still makes sense. It can stand
alone.

 Ouch! That hurts.

 Well, I need a break.
 Wow! What a beautiful dress!

When you are expressing a strong emotion, use an exclamation mark (!). A comma (,) can be
used for a weaker emotion.

Interjections do the following:

1.Express a feeling—wow, gee, oops, darn, geez, oh:

 Oops, I’m sorry. That was my mistake.

 Geez! Do I need to do it again?
 Oh, I didn’t know that.

2.Say yes or no—yes, no, nope:

 Yes! I will do it!

 No, I am not going to go there.
 Nope. That’s not what I want.

3.Call attention—yo, hey:

 Yo, will you throw the ball back?

 Hey, I just wanted to talk to you about the previous incident.

4.Indicate a pause—well, um, hmm:

 Well, what I meant was nothing like that.

 Um, here is our proposal.
 Hmm. You really need to be on a diet.

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FRUITS NAMES IN ENGLISH AND HINDI

Apple – एप्पल – से ब
1

2. Banana – बनाना – केला/केझल

3. Berry – बे री – बे र

5. Cashew-Apple – कॅश्यम एप्पल – काजम (फल)

6. Cherry – चेरी – चेरी

8. Cucumber – कमकमम्बर – ककड़ी

9. Custard Apple – कस्टडु एप्पल – सीताफल

10. Date – डे ट – खजूर

11. Fig – झफग – अांजीर

12. Grapes -ग्रे प्स – अांगूर

13. Guava – ग्वाव्हा – अमरुद

16. Jack-fruit – जॅकफ्रूट – कटहल/फणस

18. Lemon – लेमन – झनम्बू

19. Mango – माँगो – आम

20. Melon – मेलन – खरबम ज

21. Musk-Melon – मस्क मे लन – खरबम जा

22. Orange – ऑरें ज – सां तरा

23. Palm fruit – पाम फ्रूट – तड़फल

24. Papaya – पपाया – पपीता

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25. Peach – पीच – सतालू

26. Pear – पे अर – नास्पझत

27. Pineapple – पाईनअॅाॅपल – अननस

29. Pomegranate – पॉमग्रे टीन – अनार

33. Sugarcane – सम गरकेन – गन्ना

34. Sweet lime – स्वीट लाइम – मोसां बी

35. Tamarind – टॅ ाॅमररां ड – इमली

36. Watermelon – वाटरलेमन – तरबम ज

80
 सक्तियोां के नाम
(List of Vegetables)
1. Potato (पटै टो) – आलू (Aaloo)
2. Onion (अझनयन) – प्याज़ (Pyaz)
3. Tomato (टमै टो) – टमाटर (Tamaatar)
4. Radish (रै झडश) – मूली (Moolee)
5. Carrot (कैरट) – गाज़र (Gaajar)
6. Cucumber (कमकमम्बर) – खीरा (Kheera )
7. Cauliflower (कॉलीफ्लावर) – फूलगोभी (Phool gobhi)
8. Cabbage (कैबेज) – पत्तागोभी / बांदगोभी (Patta gobhi / Band gobhi)
9. Broccoli (ब्रोक्ली) – हरी फूलगोभी (Hari phoolgobhi)
10. Peas (पीज़ ) – मटर (Matar)
11. Brinjal (झब्रांजल) / Eggplant (एग प्लाां ट) / Aubergine (ओबजीन) – बैंगन (Baingan)
12. Lady finger (ले डी झफांगर) / Okra (ओकरा) – झभडी (Bhindi)
13. Beetroot (बीटरूट) – चमकांदर (Chukandar)
14. Capsicum (कैक्तप्सकम) – झशमला झमचु ( Shimla Mirch)
15. Jackfruit (जै कफ्रूट) – कटहल(Kathal)
16. Mushroom (मशरूम) – कमकमरमम त्ता (Kukurmutta)
17. Turnip (टझनु प) – शलगम (Shalagam) / शलजम (Shalajam)
18. Sweet potato (स्वीट पटै टो) – शकरकांद (Shakarkand)
19. Beans (बीन्स) – सेम (Sem)
20. Gourd (गॉडु ) – लौकी
21. Snake Gourd (स्नेक गॉडु ) – झचझचण्डा (Chichinda)
22. Bitter Gourd (झबटर गॉडु )– करे ला (Karela)
23. Pointed Gourd (पॉइां टेड गॉडु ) – परवल ( Paraval )
24. Luffa (लफा)– तोरी / तोरई
25. Pumpkin (पम्पझकन) – कद् दू
26. Zucchini (जू कीनी) – लम्बा कद् दू

81
 27. Arum (ऐरम) – अरबी (Arbi)
28. Spinach (क्तस्पनच) – पालक (Paalak)
29. Fenugreek Leaf (फेनम ग्रीक लीफ) – मेथी (Methee)
30. Amaranthus (ऐमरें थस) – चौलाई(Choulai)
31. Mustard Greens (मस्टडु ग्रीन्स) – सरसोां पत्ता (Sarson Patta)
32. Spring Onion (क्तरांग अझनयन) / Onion leaf (अझनयन लीफ) – प्याज़ के पत्ते
33. Ginger (झजां जर) – अदरक (Adrak)
34. Garlic (गाझलु क) – लहसमन (Lahsun)
35. Mint (झमां ट) / Peppermint (पैपरझमां ट) – पमदीना (Pudeena)
36. Tamarind (टै मेररड) – इमली (Imli)
37. Green chili (ग्रीन झचली) – हरी झमचु ( Haree Mirch )
38. Red Chili (रै ड झचली) – लाल झमचु (Lal Mirch)
39. Coriander leaves (कोररएां डर लीफ्स) – हरा धझनया (Hara Dhaniya)
40. Curry leaf (करी लीफ) – कढ़ी पत्ता (Kadhi Patta )

This That These Those Use

आइए समिें झक This, That, These & Those का प्रयोग कैसे करना है।
Let’s understand how to use This, That, These & Those.

Singular (एकवचन) Plural (बहुवचन)

Near (पास) This (ये , यह) These (ये , यह)
Far (दू र) That (वह, वो, वे ) Those (वह, वो, वे )

अगर कोइु व्यक्ति, वस्तम या स्थान हमारे सामने है , तो ऊपर दी गयी टे बल के अनमसार हम या तो ‘this’ का
प्रयोग करें गे या झफर ‘these’ का। अगर एकवचन है तो ‘this’ और अगर बहुवचन है तो ‘these’ । इसी
तरह अगर कोइु व्यक्ति, वस्तम या स्थान हमसे दू र है , तो टे बल के अनमसार हम या तो ‘that’ का प्रयोग करें गे
या झफर ‘those’ का। अगर एकवचन है तो ‘that’ और अगर बहुवचन है तो ‘those’ ।

82
If a person, place or thing is nearby, as per the table we must use either ‘this’ or
‘these’. If it is singular then ‘this’ and if plural then ‘these’. Similarly, if a person,
place or thing is afar, we must use either ‘that’ or ‘those’. If it is singular then ‘that’
and if plural then ‘those’.

We use this (singular) and these (plural) to refer to something that is here / near.

Examples:

 This is my car. (singular)

 These are our children. (plural)

We use that (singular) and those (plural) to refer to something that is there / far.

Examples:

 That is our house. (singular)

 Those are my shoes. (plural)

Note that the verb changes (i.e. singular / plural) depending on the pronoun that you use.

You can also use Demonstrative Pronouns by themselves:

 Did you do that?

 I'd like to buy these?

Do or Does?

Do and does are used when we want to ask yes/no questions.

We use do or does depending on the subject. Below are two sentences with two different
subjects, she and you.

Does she like sport? Yes, she does.

Do you like sport? Yes, I do.

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Do

We use do when the subject is I, you, we or they.

Do I know you?

Do you come from England?

Do we have to cut the grass?

Do they want to come with us?

Does

We use does with third person singular pronouns i.e when the subject is he, she or it.

Does he work with you?

Does she have a car?

Does it snow in winter?

Past Tense

Did is the past form of both do and does.

Did he call you?

Did you enjoy it?

Negatives

The negative form of do is do not. In spoken English it is common to use the contracted form of
do not which is don't.

I do not like sport.

I don't like sport.

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 The negative form of does is does not. Also, in spoken English we usually use the contracted
form of does not which is doesn't.

He does not like sport.

He does't like sport.

The negative form of did is did not or when speaking, didn't.

I did not know you were coming.

I didn't know you were coming.

Tenses –Types

Tense तीन प्रकार के होते हैं । (There are three types of Tenses)

 Present (प्रैज़ेंट (– वतु मान काल

 Past (पास्ट (– भूत काल
 Future (फ्यूचर( – भझवष्य काल

प्रत्ये क के चार प्रकार होते हैं । (Each one has four sub types)

 1) Indefinite 2) Continuous 3) Perfect 4) Perfect continuous.

सहायक झियाएाँ उस वाक् में झकये गये कायु के समय के बारे में बताती हैं , इस आधार पर इन्हें तीन
वगों में वगीकृत झकया जा सकता है

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(Helping verbs refer to the time of the action in a sentence, hence it can be classified in 3
categories) –

Tense Helping Verbs

Present Tense Helping Verbs do, does, is, am, are, has, have, has been, have been.

Past Tense Helping Verbs did, was, were, had, had been

Future Tense Helping Verbs will, will be, will have, will have been

Confusing Similar Words

2 words may have same spelling but different meanings, 2 words may have different spelling but
same pronunciation etc.

Cast कास्ट झकसी नाटक या झफल्म के पात्ोां की सूची(list of characters in a

drama, movie etc)

Caste कास्ट जाझत

Story स्टोरी कहानी

Storey स्टोरी मांझजल (इमारत की), (the horizontal division of building)

Suit सूट कोट पैन्ट, कपड़े

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 Suite स्वीट होटल का कमरा

Sweet स्वीट मीठा

Currant करै न्ट झकशझमश

Current करै न्ट नदी की धारा, वतु मान की घटनाएाँ

Tasty टे स्टी स्वाझदष्ट

Testy टै स्टी गम स्सैल (झजसे जल्दी गमस्सा आता हो ) (short tempered)

Lightening लाइटझनांग रोशनी

Lightning लाइटझनांग आकाश में झबजली का चमकना

Heat हीट गमु करना

Hit झहट मारना

Weak वीक कमजोर

Week वीक सप्ताह

Fond फॉड शोकीन

Found फाउड पाया (2nd form of “find”)

Break ब्रेक तोड़ना

Brake ब्रेक गाझड़योां का ब्रेक

87
There दे अर वहााँ

Their दे यर उनका

Whether वैदर चाहे

Weather वैदर मौसम

Check चैक चैक करना

Cheque चैक बैंक का चैक

Heart हाटु झदल

Hurt हटु चोट पहुाँ चाना, दम ख पहुाँ चाना

Waste वेस्ट बेकार

Waist वेस्ट कमर

West वैस्ट पझिम झदशा

Dear झडयर झप्रय

Dare डे अर झहम्मत करना

Chick झचक मम गी का बच्चा

Cheek चीक गाल

Hill झहल पहाड़

Heel हील एड़ी

Heal हील ज़ख्म भरना

Hell है ल नरक

Hail हे ल ओले पड़ना

88
 Hale हे ल स्वस्थ

Reach रीच पहुाँ चना

Rich ररच अमीर

Bed ब्यडबेड/ झबस्तर

Bad बैड बमरा

89
 Warm वॉमु गमु

Worm वोमु कीड़ा

Letter लै टर पत्

Later ले टर बाद में

Latter ले टर बाद वाला

Late ले ट – दे र दे र

Lately ले टली हाल ही में

Soap सोप साबमन

Shop शॉप दम कान

Sweet स्वीट मीठा

Sweat स्वैट पसीना

Fist झफस्ट मम ठ्ठी

Feast फीस्ट दावत

And ऐड और

End एड समाप्त

Confident कॉक्तिडै न्ट झवश्वास से भरा हुआ

Confidant कॉक्तिडे न्ट सहायक

90
 Google गूगल इन्टरने ट का एक सचु इां जन

Goggles गॉगल्ज़ चश्मा

Heroin है रोइन एक प्रकार का नशीला डर ग

Heroine हीरोइन झफल्म की हीरोइन

Deference डै फरै न्स सम्मान

Difference झडफरै न्स मनमम टाव, अन्तर

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Motivation Quotations
· A man is great by deeds, not by birth. – Chanakya

· व्यक्ति अपने कमों से महान बनता है , जन्म से नहीां ।

· Definiteness of purpose is the starting point of all achievement. – W. Clement Stone

· उद्दे श्य का प्रबल होना सभी उपलक्तियोां की पहली सीढ़ी है ।

· Fortune favors the brave. – Lisa Congdon

· झकस्मत बहादम रोां का साथ दे ती है ।

· You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it. – Margaret Thatcher

· झकसी भी लड़ाई को जीतने के झलए आपको उसे एक से अझधक बार लड़ना पड़ सकता
है ।

· A true man is not the one, who is made by circumstances but the one, who changes

the circumstances.

· इन्सान वो नहीां झजन्हें हालात बदल दे ते हैं , इन्सान वो है जो हालात ही बदल दे ते हैं ।

· Be nice to people on your way up, because you meet them on your way down

– Wilson Mizner

· जीवन में आगे बढ़ते वि सभी से अच्छा व्यवहार करना, क्ोांझक नीचे आते वि

आप उन्हीां से झमलोगे।

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· Don’t let the fear of losing be greater than the excitement of winning. – Robert Kiyosaki

· हारने के डर को जीतने की ख़मशी से ज्यादा मत बढ़ने दो।

· If you think of something difficult, that means you haven’t understood it well.

· अगर आपको कमछ ममक्तिल लगता है तो इसका यही मतलब है झक आपने उसे ढां ग

से समिा नहीां ।

· Don’t wish it were easier, wish you were better. – Jim Rohn

· ये मत चाहो की काम आसान हो, बक्ति ये चाहो की आप बेहतर होां ।

· The only way to do great work is to love what you do. – Steve Jobs

· महान कायु करने का झसफु एक ही तरीका है , आप जो भी करो उसे झदल से करो |

· I am not a product of my circumstances. I am a product of my decisions. – Stephen Covey

· मैं हालातोां से झनझमुत प्राणी नहीां, मेरा झनमाु ण मेरे फैसलोां से हुआ है ।

· When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes

off against the wind, not with it. –Henry Ford

· जब सब कमछ आपके क्तखलाफ हो रहा हो, तो ये बात याद रखना झक हवाईजहाज भी

हवा

के झवरुद्ध ही उड़ान भरता है , उसके साथ नहीां।

93
· Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening

the axe. – Abraham Lincoln

· आप ममिे पेड़ काटने के झलए 6 घांटे दो; मैं पहले 4 घांटे कमल्हाड़ी की धार तेज करू
ाँ गा।

· He that can have patience can have what he will. – Benjamin Fraklin

जो धैयु रख सकता है , वो जो चाहे पा सकता है ।

· Opportunities are not always given, but created. – Anonymous

· अवसर हमेशा झमलते नहीां बक्ति बनाये जाते हैं ।

· Winning isn’t everything, but wanting to win is. – Vince Lombardi

· जीतना ही सब कमछ नहीां है बक्ति जीतने की प्रबल इच्छा करना सब कमछ है |

· Certain things catch your eyes, but you pursue only those that capture your heart.

· कमछ चीजें आपकी नजरोां को भाती हैं लेझकन आप पीछा उन्हीां चीजोां का करते हैं जो

आपके झदल को भा जायें।

Translate the following sentences

 मे रा आज अां ग्रे ज़ी पढ़ने का मन नहीां है ।

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

 बू ढ़ी औरत अपनी पोती पर मम स्कमराई।

 वह थोड़ी ताज़ा हवा खाने के झलए बाहर गया।

 मैं झनकम्मा हाँ ।

 वह अपने कमरे में रो रही थी।

 मैं फ़ैसला कर चम का हाँ ।

 यह जू ते उसके हैं ।

 हमारी कक्षा में पचास लड़के हैं ।

 गोलीबारी लगभग दोपहर के बारह बजे शम रू हुई।

 तम म मे रे झलए एक बीटल्स का गाना गा सकते हो क्ा?

 वह अपने प्रयोगोां में कबू त रोां का उपयोग करता था।

 बे ह तर होगा झक इस बात को अनदे खा झकया जाए।

 यह साईकल तम म्हारे झलए बहुत छोटी है ।

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 

 तम म लां द न से कब वापस आए?

 हर आदमी को खाना बनाना सीखना चाझहए।

 झकतने सैं डझवच बचे हैं ?

 वह खबर सम नकर है रान रह गई।

 उन्हे अपने अकलमां द बे टे पर नाज़ है ।

 आप कोई झदलचस्प झकताब पढ़ रहें हैं क्ा?

 मैं ऑक्सफ़डु झवश्वझवद्यालय में झवद्याथी हाँ ।

Answers:

1. I do not feel like studying English today.

2. The old lady smiled at her granddaughter.

3. He went outside for a breath of fresh air.

4. I am a good-for-nothing .

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5. She was crying in her room.

6. I have made a decision.

7. These shoes are hers.

8. Our class consists of fifty boys.

9. The shooting started around noon.

10. Will you sing for me a Beatles` song?

11. He used pigeons in his experiment.

12. It is better to ignore this point.

13. This bicycle is too small for you.

14. When did you get back from London?

15. Every man should learn how to cook.

16. How many sandwiches are there left?

17. She was very surprised at the news.

18. She was very surprised at the news.

19. They are proud of their clever son.

20. Are you reading an interesting book?

21. I am a student at Oxford University.

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