AN-h109

Thermo. Titr. Application Note No.
H-109
Title: Determination of Components of Mixtures of
Sulfuric Acid, Hydrofluoric Acid, and
Ammonium Bifluoride
Scope: Determination of mixtures of sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric

acid, and ammonium bifluoride
Principle: Results from three separate single endpoint titrations are

used to calculate the mean. The mixture of H2SO4, HF and
NH4F.HF contains H+ from H2SO4, HF and NH4F.HF,
SO42- from H2SO4, and F- from HF and NH4F.HF. Analysis
of total H+ („total acids“) by NaOH titration, F- by titrating
with Al(NO3)3 („total fluoride“) and SO42- by titrating with
BaCl2 provides the information required to determine the
composition of the mixture.
Reagents: Sodium hydroxide solution, c(NaOH)=2 mol/L, prepared

from A.R. NaOH and deionized water, standardized
against potassium hydrogen phthalate.
Barium chloride solution, c(BaCl2)=1 mol/L, standardized

against anhydrous sodium sulfate.
Aluminium nitrate solution, c(Al(NO3)3)=0.5 mol/L,

standardized against anhydrous sodium fluoride.
Mixed buffer solution. Potassium acetate (anhydrous),

134.9 g/L; sodium acetate (anhydrous), 54.7 g/L; glacial
acetic acid, 115 g/L.
Synthetic acid mixture. A synthetic acid mixture was

prepared from A.R. H2SO4 (~97% w/w) , A.R. HF solution
(~48% w/w) and L.R. NH4F.HF.
1
Method: 1. “Total Fluoride” titration:
Weigh accurately approximately 1 g of acid mixture into a
clean, dry 75 mL PP titration tube. The sample is placed
without further dilution in the rack of the sample processor.
The automated titration program dispenses 30 mL of
mixed acetate buffer into the tube before starting titrant
addition. The titration with 0.5 mol/L Al(NO3)3 is pursued to
a single exothermic endpoint. The result is stored as % HF
in “Configuration” as a Common Variable (CV) for later
computation.
Basic experimental parameters:
Titrant dose rate: 4 mL/min
Filter factor: 50
Endpoint criterion: -50
Stop volume: 5 mL
2. Titration of sulfuric acid component:

clean, dry 75 mL PP titration tube. After adding 30 mL DI
water, place the sample in the rack of the sample
processor. The titration with 1 mol/L BaCl2 is pursued to a
single exothermic endpoint. The result is stored as %
H2SO4 in “Configuration” as a CV for later computation.
Filter factor: 50
Stop volume: 5 mL
3. Titration of total acids

clean, dry 75 mL PP titration tube . After adding 30 mL DI
water, the sample is placed in the rack of the sample
processor. The titration with 2 mol/L NaOH is pursued to a
single exothermic endpoint. The result is stored as %
H2SO4 in “Configuration” as a CV for later computation.

Filter factor: 50
Stop volume: 10 mL
Note on performance of the titration sequence.

The sequence of titrations to be performed by the analyst
should be as follows:
- Total fluoride (titration with Al(NO3)3
- Sulfuric acid (titration with BaCl2)
- Total acids (titration with NaOH)
2
Note that while the “total fluoride” and “sulfuric acid”
titrations may be alternated, the “total acids titration must
be performed last, as this method contains the final
calculations.
Determination of titration systematic endpoint errors (as

“blanks”)
It is necessary to determine blank values for each of the

three titrations. In each case, a range of masses of acid
mixture were weighed into a set of titration tubes in more
or less equal increments (from ~0.25 to 1 g). The tubes
were prepared and titrated according to the methods
outlined above. Between 5 and 7 aliquots were employed
for determination of the blanks.
The contents of each vessel were titrated successively

using a specially-constructed automated titration program;
which also conducted a regression analysis on the results.
This reported a systematic error (“blank”) for each
endpoint as the y-intercept in mL; as well as the
correlation coefficient for each determination. The
respective blank values in mL are subtracted from the
titrant volume for each endpoint. Blank values for each
determination are stored in “Configuration” as CVs for
computation of results.
Setting up for analysis:

Loading methods. Example methods are supplied with this
AN. Import these methods using Method Manager. Note
that these methods have been prepared for use with an
814 Sample, so adjustments will need to be made to the
methods if other equipment configurations are used.
Preparing CVs. Prepare CVs for the following values:
CV no. CV name Calc. Code

CV1 Total fluoride blank A
CV2 Sulfuric acid blank B
CV3 Total acids blank C
CV4 % Total fluoride D
CV5 % Sulfuric acid E
3
Calculation
Methodology:
The basis of the calculation methodology is that all items
are reduced to an HF equivalent, prior to re-calculating to
a final formula.
Total fluoride titration.
% HF= ((EP mL- A mL)*c(Al(NO3)3 ) *FW HF*6*0.1)

sample mass, g
(saved as CV4 = D)
Sulfuric acid titration.

% H2SO4 = ((EP mL – B mL)*c(BaCl2 ) *FW H 2SO4*0.1)
sample mass, g
(saved as CV5 = E)
Total acids titration.

% TA as % HF=((EP mL- C mL)*c(NaOH)* FW HF*0.1)
sample mass, g
(call this “F”)
Express % H2SO4 as % HF
HF = E*2*FW HF (call this „G“)

FW H2SO4
Calculate HF from free HF and HF component of

NH4F.HF:
%HF = F – G (call this “H”)
Calculate NH4F component of NH4F.HF as % HF
%HF = F-G (call this „H')
Calculate % free HF in mixture
% HF = H-I
Calculate NH4F.HF in mixture:
% NH4F.HF = I*FW NH4F.HF

2*FW HF
4
Results:
Analysis of synthetic acid mixture:
% H2SO4: 40.3±0.2% (n=6)
% HF: 7.5±0.1% (n=6)
% NH4F.HF: 12.8±0.2% (n=6)
Titration Plots:
Fig. 1. Thermometric titration of total fluoride

concentration with c(Al(NO3)3) = 0.5 mol/L
Fig. 2. Titration of sulfuric acid component with

c(BaCl2) = 1 mol/L
5
Titration Plots
(continued):
Fig. 3. Titration of total acids in mixture with

c(NaOH) = 2 mol/L

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Thermo. Titr. Application Note No.

Scope: Determination of mixtures of sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric

Principle: Results from three separate single endpoint titrations are

Reagents: Sodium hydroxide solution, c(NaOH)=2 mol/L, prepared

Barium chloride solution, c(BaCl2)=1 mol/L, standardized

Aluminium nitrate solution, c(Al(NO3)3)=0.5 mol/L,

Mixed buffer solution. Potassium acetate (anhydrous),

Synthetic acid mixture. A synthetic acid mixture was

2. Titration of sulfuric acid component:

3. Titration of total acids

Basic experimental parameters:

Note on performance of the titration sequence.

Determination of titration systematic endpoint errors (as

It is necessary to determine blank values for each of the

The contents of each vessel were titrated successively

Setting up for analysis:

Preparing CVs. Prepare CVs for the following values:

CV no. CV name Calc. Code

Total fluoride titration.

% HF= ((EP mL- A mL)*c(Al(NO3)3 ) *FW HF*6*0.1)

Sulfuric acid titration.

Total acids titration.

HF = E*2*FW HF (call this „G“)

Calculate HF from free HF and HF component of

%HF = F – G (call this “H”)

Calculate NH4F component of NH4F.HF as % HF

%HF = F-G (call this „H')

Calculate % free HF in mixture

Calculate NH4F.HF in mixture:

% NH4F.HF = I*FW NH4F.HF

Fig. 1. Thermometric titration of total fluoride

Fig. 2. Titration of sulfuric acid component with

Fig. 3. Titration of total acids in mixture with

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% HF= ((EP mL- A mL)c(Al(NO3)3 ) FW HF60.1)

HF = E2FW HF (call this „G“)