UNIVERSITY OF

GUAYAQUIL
FACULTY OF MEDICINA
TECHNICAL INGLES I
GROUP TOPIC:
PART OF THE BODY 3
MEMBERS:
• Lady cerezo
• Annie Guevara
• José Pacheco
• Claudia Aguilar
• Mercedes Perero

Teacher Name:
Lcda. Tania Crespo Vaca Mgs.

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Index

FACE .............................................................................................................................................. 3
MOUTH.......................................................................................................................................... 5
NOSE .............................................................................................................................................. 6
EARS .............................................................................................................................................. 8
EYES ............................................................................................................................................... 9

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FACE
The human body is topographically divided into three parts:

 Head.
 Trunk.
 Extremities

today we are going to talk about the head

The head is located in the upper part of the body and

is formed by flat bones where very delicate organs
are enclosed, such as the control, recording and data
processing center called the brain.

It rotates on the spine (cervical) and exercises the

movements of rotation through the muscles of the
neck. In the front, called the face, there are other
important organs that form the senses, such as sight,
hearing, balance, smell and taste.

now The head is divided into two well differentiated

areas: the skull and the face.

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In general, the 8 bones of the skull are:

 1 front, which forms the forehead;

 2 temporary, one on each side and
laterally;
 2 parietal, one on each side and
above;
 1 occipital, in the posterior and
inferior part;
 1 ethmoid, between the frontal and
the sphenoid.
 1 sphenoid, at the base of the skull;

these

bones join together forming sutures

Bones of the face

 Palatino (2)
 Vómer (1)
 Lacrimal or unguis (2)
 Lower turbine 3
 Zygomatic or malar bone (2)
 Maxillary (1)
 Jaw (1)
 Nasal bone (2)

All these bones will serve as a protective shield for the organs inside the head.

The parts of the face are: eyes, ears, nose and mouth. That my classmates comment on it
in more detail.

The face offers numerous cavities in which it houses the organs of the senses.

The upper part of the head is covered with skin and, in general, with hair and this set is
called scalp.

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All the bones that form the head are fixed, without joint movement, except the so-called
mandible, whose most prominent central point is called the chin.

of general knowledge The head and neck are mainly irrigated by the carotid and
subclavian arteries. And its branches

MOUTH
The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that
receives food and produces saliva. The oral mucosa is
the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the
mouth.

In addition to its primary role as the beginning of the

digestive system, in humans the mouth also plays a
significant role in communication. While primary aspects
of the voice are produced in the throat, the tongue, lips, and jaw are also needed to
produce the range of sounds included in human language.

It is divided into two sections: the vestibule, the area between the cheeks and the teeth,
and the oral cavity proper. The latter section is mostly filled by the tongue, a large muscle
firmly anchored to the floor of the mouth by the frenulum linguae. In addition to its
primary role in the intake and initial digestion of food, the mouth and its structures are
essential in humans to the formation of speech.

The chief structures of the

mouth are the teeth, which tear
and grind ingested food into
small pieces that are suitable
for digestion; the tongue, which
positions and mixes food and
also carries sensory receptors
for taste; and the palate, which
separates the mouth from the nasal cavity, allowing separate passages for air and for food.
All these structures, along with the lips, are involved in the formation of speech sounds
by modifying the passage of air through the mouth.

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Specialized membranes form both the gums, which surround and support the teeth, and
the surface of the tongue, on which the membrane is rougher in texture, containing many
small papillae that hold the taste buds.

NOSE

The human nose is the most protruding part of the face. It bears the nostrils and is the first
organ of the respiratory system. It is also the principal organ in the olfactory system. The
shape of the nose is determined by the nasal bones and the nasal cartilages, including the
nasal septum which separates the nostrils and divides the nasal cavity into two.

The main function of the nose is respiration, and the nasal mucosa lining the nasal cavity
and the paranasal sinuses carries out the necessary conditioning of inhaled air by warming
and moistening it. Nasal conchae, shell-like bones in the walls of the cavities, play a major
part in this process. Filtering of the air by nasal hair in the nostrils preven ts large particles
from entering the lungs. Sneezing is a reflex to expel unwanted particles from the nose
that irritate the mucosal lining. Sneezing can transmit infections, because aerosols are
created in which the droplets can harbour pathogens.

Another major function of the nose is

olfaction, the sense of smell. The area
of olfactory epithelium, in the upper
nasal cavity, contains specialised
olfactory cells responsible for this
function. The nose has many small
hairs inside the nostrils. These hairs
act as a filter, removing dirt and
particles before the air enters the
lungs. Sneezing and nose blowing also help remove the particles out of your
body(Cleansing)

Structure

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Several bones and nasal cartilages make up the bony-cartilaginous framework of the nose,
and the internal structure. The nose is also made up of types of soft tissue such as skin,
epithelia, mucous membrane, muscles, nerves, and blood. In the skin there are sebaceous
glands, and in the mucous membrane there are nasal glands.

The framework of the nose is made up of bone and cartilage which provides strong
protection for the internal structures of the nose. The arrangement of the cartilages allows
flexibility through muscle control to enable airflow to be modified.

External nose

The nasal ridge (nasal dorsum) is the border between the root and the tip of
the nose

The ala of the nose is the lower

lateral surface of the external
nose, shaped by the alar cartilage
and covered in dense connective
tissue.[1] The alae flare out to
form a rounded eminence around
the nostril.

The skin is the lower lateral

surface of the external nose,
shaped by the alar cartilage and
covered in dense connective
tissue.[1] The alae flare out to
form a rounded eminence around
the nostril.

the nasal bones and the nasal cartilages are the septal, lateral, major alar,
and minor alar cartilages

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EARS
In ancient times, Orientals felt a great devotion to the ears and were convinced that the
longer they were, the greater the degree of wisdom of those
who possessed them.

The ear is the outer part of the ear, made up of cartilage and
skin. It is the part of the body that is clearly perceived by
others, where it is shown as a protuberance implanted on
each side of the skull.

It is oval in shape, where its upper part becomes wider than

the lower part. The upper axis is vertical and a little oblique,
and the one below shows a little forward.

Its main function is to detect the vibrations through the sounds, and later it takes it to the
inner zone of the ear, or auditory system.

The ears in humans have an involuntary and very reduced mobility, while in animals it is
different, since they can be dissected very quickly to the place where the sounds come
from.

It is in this part of the head where

different accessories are placed to look
much more beautiful or to carry out
certain rituals, as is the case of the
earrings and rings commonly used by
women.

The ears have different parts that are, from the inside to the outermost part:

• Tragus or drink. The tragus or tragus is the cartilaginous, tongue-shaped structure that
is in the region that connects the ear to the head.

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• Antitragus or antitrago. It is the small and triangular structure that is opposite the
tragus, under the antehélix.

• Shell. It is the depression that we can observe in the central part of the ear. It is a structure
that acts as a funnel and directs the vibrations of sound to the auditory canal.

• Antihélix. The antihelix is the structure that borders the shell and runs through the ear
parallel to the helix. The antihelix allows the shell to have more depth.

• Anthelix pit. The pit of the antihélix is a depression that is the upper part of the ear, at
the end of the helix.

• Helix channel. It is a depression that is between the helix and

the antihelix.

• Hélix. It is the outer flange of the ear and is also known as a

helix.

• Lobe. It has a semicircular shape and free edge. It is called a

lobe to the outer face of the ear at the bottom, where the helix
ends. It is the only soft formation of the ear since, unlike the
rest, it has no cartilage. In the part closest to the head, the skin that covers it is joined to
that of the face

Some specialists claim that the two ears do not hear the same sounds equally. That is, the
left perceives the music better and the right is better prepared to listen to the voice of the
people.

Its structure and folds are not random. Its unique shape helps the sound waves of the
environment are captured and conducted to the eardrum.

EYES
The view is the most used of the 5 senses.

The eye is the main organ of the visual system, which captures the images seen and
converts them into an electrical signal to the optic nerve.

This signal is "translated" by the brain, the visual cortex, which sends us the processed
image and allows the interpretation of our environment.
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In the human being, the eye is an organ that detects light and is the basis of the sense of
sight. Its function is basically to transform the light energy into electrical signals that are
sent to the brain through the optic nerve. It works in a very similar way to that of most
vertebrates and some mollusks; it has a lens called crystalline, which is adjustable
according to distance; a "diaphragm", which is called a pupil, whose diameter is regulated
by the iris, and a tissue sensitive to light, which is the retina. Light penetrates through the
pupil, crosses the lens and projects onto the retina, where it is transformed, thanks to cells
called photoreceptors, into nerve impulses that are transferred, through the optic nerve, to
the brain.

Structure

The organ of vision is composed of the eyelids, eyeballs, the lacrimal apparatus and the
external eye muscles. The eyeball measures about 25 mm in diameter and is held in place
by the extraocular muscles. The binocular vision, with the participation of both eyes,
allows us to appreciate the images in three dimensions.

The wall of the eye is formed by three layers:

 The outer layer, which includes the sclera (thick, resistant and white) and in the
anterior part the transparent cornea.
 The middle layer includes choroid, which contains abundant blood vessels, and
the connective tissue of the ciliary body and the iris.
 The inner layer is called the retina, in which the light-sensitive cells (rods and
cones) are found, covered by an outer layer of cubic epithelial cells containing
melanin. Externally, the retina rests on the choroid; internally, it is in contact with
the vitreous humor.

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