IE LAB3 Malibiran

Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Pablo Borbon Main II, Batangas City
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Tel. No. (043) 425-0139 loc. 118
ELECTRONICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL, AND MECHATRONICS

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 3

CURRENT CONTROL OF AN SCR
Submitted by:
MALIBIRAN, MARY JANE B.
ECE-5202
Submitted to:
ENGR. SARAH TOLENTINO
Instructor
February 21, 2018

EXPERIMENT 3
CURRENT CONTROL OF AN SCR
I. OBJECTIVE:
After completing and performing the laboratory experiment, you will able to:
1. Demonstrate the effect that gate current has to turn on an SCR, and to determine the minimum
holding current to keep the SCR conducting.
2. Define parameters associated with SCRs, such as gate trigger current, holding current, forward
ON-state voltage and give the approximate range of values expected for these parameters
INTRODUCTION:
The experiment shows that sufficient gate current must flow in order to turn on the SCR and that
the minimum holding current can be found with the addition of large-value potentiometer in
anode circuit.
II. MATERIALS NEEDED:
1 Fixed + 12-V power supply 1 22-k Ω resistor at 0.5 W(RA)
1 Standard or digital voltmeter 1 100-k Ω resistor at 0.5W (RA)
1 C106Y1 SCR or equivalent 1 50-k Ω potentiometer (RH)
1 100- Ω resistor at 0.5 W (R1) 2 DPST switches (S1 and S2)
1 10-k Ω resistor at 0.5 W (RG) 1 Breadboard for constructing circuit
III. PROCEDURE:
1. Construct the circuit shown in figure 5.1.
2. Set both switches as indicated and then applies power to the circuit.
3. Calculate the gate current IRA, flowing through RA and record in table 5.1.
4. Measure VAK and record in the place indicated next to IRA. Is the SCR on or off?
5. Move S1 to position B.
6. Calculate the gate current IRB flowing through RB and record in the place indicated.
7. Measure VAK and record in the place indicated next to IRB. Is the SCR on or off?
8. Remove the power supply voltage from the circuit.
9. Modify the circuit by adding the ammeter and 50-k potentiometer (RH) in series with load
resistor RL.
10. Set the wiper RH so that the resistance is completely “shorted out”.
11. Make sure the S1 and S2 are set as indicated and then apply power to the circuit.
12. Momentarily move S1 from position A to position B and back again.
13. Recording the reading of VAK and IA in table 5.2.
14. Slowly adjust RH so that the current IA begins to decrease.
15. Remember the reading of IA when VAK increases to +VAA. Record this value in table 5.2
indicated for the minimum holding current of the SCR. (Perform steps 10 through 15 a few for a
more accurate reading).
Figure 5.1 Current control of an SCR.

RESULTS:
NI Multisim Simulation
Without Potentiometer
IRB
IRA
VAA
VBA
With Potentiometer
DATA SHEET:
Table 5.1: Without Potentiometer

S1 S2 IRA= VAA/RA IRB = VAA/RB VAK Condition (ON
or OFF)
A A 236.197 uA 0A 6V on
B A 0A 272. 727 uA 49.292mV off
Table 5.2: With Potentiometer

Potentiometer setting (%) VAK IA
0 12V 59.505 mA
5 11.99 V 2.307 mA
10 11.98 V 1.176 mA
20 11.96 V 593.96 uA
30 11.94 V 397.296 uA
40 11.92 V 298.47 uA
50 11.9 V 239.016 uA
60 11.88 V 199.314 uA
70 11. 861 V 170.922 uA
80 11.841 V 149.611 uA
90 11.822 V 133.025 uA
100 11.802 V 119.749 uA
Actual Simulation
Table 5.1: Without Potentiometer
S1 S2 IRA= VAA/RA IRB = VAA/RB VAK Condition (ON
or OFF)
A A 245.17 uA 0A 6V on
B A 0A 282. 734 uA 69.256mV off
Table 5.2: With Potentiometer

Potentiometer setting (%) VAK IA
0 49.194 mV 500.8 uA
5 2.44 mV 386.4 uA
10 1.5 mV 309.6 uA
20 1.007 mV 277.4 uA
30 836.147 uV 252.1 uA
40 748.101 uV 234.6 uA
50 693.837 uV 201.1 uA
60 656.739 uV 175.7 uA
70 629.595 uV 154.7 uA
80 608.764 uV 1402. uA
90 592.186 uV 126.6 uA
100 578.633 uV 100.0 uA
FILL-IN QUESTIONS:
1. If the gate resistor is too large, not enough gates current will flow to turn on the SCR.
2. When the gate resistor is large enough the proper value of gate current will flow to trigger the
SCR.
3. Sufficient gate current is required to keep the SCR conducting.
4. If the load resistance in series with the anode is too large, not enough current flows from
cathode to anode and the SCR will turn off.

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS:
1. How much gate current is needed to trigger a medium-power SCR?
The necessary gate current will be much lower than the current through the SCR from
cathode to anode to trigger a medium-power SCR.
2. After an SCR has fired, what effect does the gate signal have on the SCR?
Breakdown of the center junction can be achieved at speeds approaching a microsecond

by applying an appropriate signal to the gate lead, while holding the anode voltage constant.
After breakdown, the voltage across the device is so low that the current through it from cathode
to anode is essentially determined by the load it is feeding. The gate signal is used to trigger the
device into conduction by just the application of a small voltage.
3. What effect does an increase in anode current have on anode cathode voltage?
There will be no changes on the anode-cathode voltage if anode current is increase. If the
anode current drops below holding current, the SCR will operate.
4. Explain why an SCR is superior to a series rheostat for controlling and limiting current
through a load.
An SCR is a type of rectifier, controlled by a logic gate signal. It is a four-layer, three-

terminal device. A p-type layer acts as an anode and an n-type layer as a cathode; the p-type
layer closer to the n-type(cathode) acts as a gate. While the rheostats can corrode and break after
some time that may cause on malfunction. This may the reason why SCR is superior to a series
rheostat, also SCR is used for replacement due to said caused.
5. Explain the difference between an SCS and an SCR.
Either gate can fire the SCS. A positive pulse or voltage on the cathode or negative pulse
or voltage on the anode gate will fire the SCR. The SCS only conducts in one direction. The
gates can also turn the SCS off. The negative pulse or voltage on the cathode gate or positive
pulse or voltage on the anode gate will fire the SCR. In SCS, the anode gate requires higher
voltages than the cathode gate.
CONCLUSION
As the experiment conducted, the group concluded that a certain minimum amount of
load current is required to hold the SCR latched in the “on” state. A load with too great a
resistance value may not draw enough current to keep an SCR latched when gate current ceases,
thus giving the false impression of a bad (unlatchable) SCR in the test circuit. Holding current
values for different SCRs should be available from the manufacturers. Typical holding current
values range from 1 milliamp to 50 milliamps or more for larger units. Gate trigger current is the
gate current required to switch the device from the blocked (Off) state to the unblocked (On)
state. The anode is driven by the Collector Supply and the gate is driven by the Step Generator.
The test is made by applying the specified anode voltage, then slowly increasing gate current
until the SCR switches to the unblocked (On) state. When a thyristor is in the forwardconducting
state, all device junctions are forward biased and the device presents a minimum resistance to the
forward current flow. At moderate and high injection levels, two of the three forward-biased
junctions usually exhibit nearly equal but opposite potentials. Consequently, one junction
contributes to the total device voltage drop. Since the junction voltage is a logarithmic function
of the current, it varies only very slowly and its value is typically 0.8 to 1.0 V. for moderate or
high current levels.

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Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL, AND MECHATRONICS

LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 3

MALIBIRAN, MARY JANE B.

ENGR. SARAH TOLENTINO

February 21, 2018

CURRENT CONTROL OF AN SCR

holding current to keep the SCR conducting.

II. MATERIALS NEEDED:

1 Fixed + 12-V power supply 1 22-k Ω resistor at 0.5 W(RA)

1 Standard or digital voltmeter 1 100-k Ω resistor at 0.5W (RA)

1 C106Y1 SCR or equivalent 1 50-k Ω potentiometer (RH)

1 100- Ω resistor at 0.5 W (R1) 2 DPST switches (S1 and S2)

1 10-k Ω resistor at 0.5 W (RG) 1 Breadboard for constructing circuit

1. Construct the circuit shown in figure 5.1.

12. Momentarily move S1 from position A to position B and back again.

13. Recording the reading of VAK and IA in table 5.2.

14. Slowly adjust RH so that the current IA begins to decrease.

more accurate reading).

Figure 5.1 Current control of an SCR.

Table 5.1: Without Potentiometer

Table 5.2: With Potentiometer

Table 5.2: With Potentiometer

3. Sufficient gate current is required to keep the SCR conducting.

cathode to anode and the SCR will turn off.

1. How much gate current is needed to trigger a medium-power SCR?

Breakdown of the center junction can be achieved at speeds approaching a microsecond

An SCR is a type of rectifier, controlled by a logic gate signal. It is a four-layer, three-

5. Explain the difference between an SCS and an SCR.

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