Economical Design of Extra Dosed Bridge on a

Highway
Bishal Agarwal1, Dr. Vijay Raj2, Anand Kumar Singh3, Susanta Kumar Sethy4
1
Student M. Tech Structure,2,3.4Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering department, University of Petroleum and
Energy Studies, Dehradun, India

Abstract: It has been quit a time, since the concept Extra Dosed bridges are economical for spans up to
of Extra Dosed Bridge has been developed. It was 100- 250 meter and provides new aesthetics choice
first introduced by Jacques Mathivat in 1998. over cantilever constructed bridges and cable stayed
Extradosed Bridge are distinguished from Cable bridges. Akio Kasuga was the first to apply the
Stayed Bridge based on reduced pylon height and Mathivat’s concept of Extra Dosed bridge to be ever
several other parameters such as ratio of main span constructed, Odawara Blueway Bridge (Japan) [2].
to end span, depth of girder, height of pylon etc. For The Construction of the bridge was completed on
economical design of the bridge, the concept of β, 1994. After Japan, it was France who adopted this
was first introduced by Ogawa and Kasuga in 1998. concept, though the bridge main span was only over
The term β, can be defined as the ratio of load carried 54m. In 1993 Menn developed his own design
by cable to total vertical load. In this paper different concept of Extra Dosed bridge. Menn’s concept
values of β have been taken and moments, shear provides stiffness in the piers while Mathivat
forces and deflection have been calculated for the concept provides stiffness in girders [2]. Different
extradosed bridge. The one with least of the above- countries tend to adopt different construction
mentioned values, can be considered as the most technique based on technology and available
economical design. resources available to them.

Index Term: Extra Dosed Bridge, Cable Stayed The Wuhu bridge in China completed in 2000, was
Bridge, β, Pylon height, Girder depth. the first ever Extra Dosed bridge to carry heavy rail.
The overall span of the bridge is 312m supported by
1.0 Introduction extradosed cables over the river Yangtze. Similarly,
Till date, over hundred Extra Dosed Bridge has been the Ibi and Kiso bridge constructed in 2001, set
constructed worldwide. The term Extra Dosed was record for longest Extra Dosed viaducts with spans
derived from the term “Extrados” and the concept of of 1145m and 1400m respectively, with main span
Extra Dosed Bridge was first coined by Jacques of the bridge being 275m [4]. The Sunniberg Bridge,
Mathivat in 1998. Cantilever constructed girder Switzerland (1998), is a 5-span bridge with
bridge are known as “Intrados” bridge, as the main maximum span of 140m. The bridge was designed
prestressing tendons are placed on soffit of the girder for two plane cable, with 8-10 cables per half span
[1]. The concept of Extra Dosed bridge was bought and each cable consist of 125-160 numbers of 7mm
up nine years after, the first ever cable stayed bridge diameter wires having an ultimate tensile strength of
was constructed. Extra Dosed Bridge can be 1600Mpa and was designed for a maximum
differentiated from cable stayed bridge based on allowable stress of 0.5 fpu. The Ibi and Kiso river
cable inclination, tower height. These types of bridge Japan (1999), are two other bridges having a
bridges play handy where the tower height is to be total length of 1379m and 1145m respectively with
restricted. maximum span of 271.5m and 275m. The precast
deck segment used M60 grade concrete with
In case of Extra Dosed Bridge, the cable inclination dimension of 5m in length, 33m in width, and 7m in
ranges from 15-17 degree. This reduced cable depth. The Extra Dosed Bridge built over the Kelani
inclination, helps increase the axial force in the deck. river Colombo, is 3 span bridge with maximum main
Thus, the purpose of cables, in Extra Dosed Bridge span of 140m and end span of 100m each [3]. The
is not only to provide the vertical support by holding bridge has 2 plane cable consisting of 12 number of
the deck, but also to prestress the deck. The design cables per half span each and each cable having 27-
of cable stayed bridge is similar to that of cantilever 37 number of tendons having an ultimate tensile
constructed bridge, the difference being that the strength of 1850 Mpa with maximum allowable
cables are places at an angle instead of parallel to the stress of 0.6 fpu.
axis of the deck.
3.0 Design Methodology
2.0 literature Review

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Since extra dosed Bridges are categorised as an 16. Assign loads
intermediate of cantilever girder bridges and cable 17. Analyse
stayed bridge, its structural behaviour also has many 18. Design
similarities as the other two typologies. Ogawa and
Kasuga defined β as the ratio of load carried by the
cables to total vertical loads. The concept of β can
also be defined as the stiffness ratio of cables to
girders. For a given span of bridge, moments, shear
force, and deflection is calculated for different
values of β ranging from 0.3-0.7, as the boundary
between the cable bridge and extra dosed bridge is
said to occur at 0.3. From the results obtained their
respective moments, shear force and deflection are Fig:1.0 Analysis Model showing rigid links
compared and the one with the most economical
combination is considered as the most economical
design. The analysis and design of the bridge has
been carried in the CSI Bridge 2016 software.

The bridge considered for the design and analysis is

380m long bridge with main span of 180m and side
spans of 100m. The bridge has 4 lanes with a total
deck width of 30.4m. The bridge has two plane cable Fig:2.0 Analysis model
connected to the deck in harp arrangement. Other
parameters considered during the design are as The design considerations considered during the
follows: design of the bridge are:

 Grade of concrete – M50  The first cable was anchored at 0.2 of the
 Allowable stress of UTS wires(fpu) – 1850 main spans from the tower
Mpa  The permissible stress in cable was
 Diameter of the UTS wire – 16 mm considered as 0.6 times fpu
 Depth of the deck at mid span – 3.3 m  To avoid creep in concrete, prestressing
 Depth of the deck over piers – 5.6 m forces were applied in three stages. During
 Height of the pylon considered – 20 m construction first eighty percent of the
 Vehicle loading – IRC Class AA prestressing force for dead load was
applied and the remaining twenty percent
4.0 Structural Modelling and analysis is applied after the finish. The time interval
between first and second stage of
The structural modelling and design of the
prestressing was five months. Then comes
structure was carried out in CSI bridge 2016
the third stage of prestressing, which is
software. The steps carried out for modelling the
done to account for Live Load. The time
structure is described below:
between second and third stage was two
1. Defining layout line months.
2. Defining material properties  The angle between the cable and girders
3. Defining frame properties was kept around 170.
4. Draw pylon
For different values of β, i.e. ranging from 0.3-0.7,
5. Select the required deck section
the respective moments, shear force and deflection
6. Define Discretization points
found out to be as follows:
7. Define link properties
8. Draw link properties Β Bending Moment Kn-m
9. Define cable properties
10. Draw cables 0.3 156465
11. Define groups
12. Assign group 0.4 142798
13. Assign supports
14. Define construction stages 0.5 136972
15. Define lanes

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 0.6 130254 From, the results obtained, for β with range 0.3-0.6,
bending moment, shear force and deflection
0.7 129426 decreases. It should also be kept in mind that the
reduced moments and shear are carried by cables
Table:1.0 Bending Moments (β=0.3-0.7) which increases stress on pylon. But after, β=0.6 the
deflection increases, but moments and shear get
Β Shear force Kn
reduced. Extra stresses are induced in the pylon,
which will make their design more uneconomical
0.3 153245 despite their low tower heights. Therefore, the most
economical value of β for the economical design was
0.4 143659 found to be 0.6.

5.0 References
0.5 137563
[1] S. L. Stroh, “Extradosed Prestressed
0.6 132478 Bridges,” 2014.

0.7 124256 [2] K. K. Mermigas, “Behaviour and Design of

Extra Dosed Bridge,” University of
Table:2.0 Shear Force (β=0.3-0.7) Toronto, Toronto, 2008.

[3] Y. Gunawardena, H. Ohashi, Y. Yamahana

Β Deflection mm and T. Nohmi, “Design of New Extra
Dosed Bridge over the Kelani River,” in
0.3 47 SECM, kandy, 2015.

0.4 42 [4] J. Benjumea, G. Chio and E. Maldonado,

“Structural Behaviour and design criteria
0.5 38 of Extra Dosed Bridge: general insight and
state of the art,” Colombia , 2010.
0.6 32

0.7 37

Table:3.0 Deflection (β=0.3-0.7)

4.0 Conclusion

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