1.

Writing Research TITLE and OBJECTIVE formulation

2. Goals of DAY 1 workshop

 To understand fully the structure of Research Process

 To come up a research Title proposal.

 To come up a research objectives

 To provide tips for drafting and revising individual sections of the title and objectives of the
research proposal.

3. Writing research Proposals: The Big Picture

Your proposal describes your proposed plan of work:

 What you intend to study (scope and research questions).

 How you intend to study your topic (methodology).

 Why this topic needs to be studied (significance).

 When you will complete this work (timeline).

 (Occasionally) Where you will conduct this work.

4. Proposal Writing and Anxiety: Proposal-specific Advice

 Understand that the proposal will be negotiated--be prepared to revise!

 Think of the proposal as an introduction to your thesis or dissertation.

 Remember that the proposal is not a binding contract.

 Remember that your proposal is not meant to limit ideas, but to help you think practically.

 Ask colleagues to form a writing group.

 Talk to your advisor!

5. Writing Proposals

Purpose:

 Justify and plan (or contract for) a research project.

 Show how your project contributes to existing research.

Audience:

 your academic advisor and committee

6. Proposal Writing and Anxiety: General Advice

 Establish a writing schedule.

 Begin by free-writing.

 Keep a small notebook with you to write down relevant thoughts.

 Say parts of your writing into a recording device.

 Compose different parts in different computer files or on different index cards.

 Start with more “clear cut” sections first.

7. Writing research TITLE Proposals

8. 3 Basic tips on writing a good research paper title

 Let us discuss the most basic and important aspect of a research paper—the title.

 Writing the a research paper title may seem a simple task, but it requires some serious thought.

9. A good research paper title:

 Condenses the paper’s content in a few words

 Captures the readers’ attention

 Differentiates the paper from other papers of the same subject area

10. So here are three basic tips to keep in mind while writing a title:

 1]Keep it simple, brief and attractive:

 The primary function of a title is to provide a precise summary of the paper’s content.

 So keep the title brief and clear.

 Use active verbs instead of complex noun-based phrases, and avoid unnecessary details.
  Moreover, a good title for a research paper is typically around 10 to 12 words long. A lengthy
title may seem unfocused and take the readers’ attention away from an important point.

 Avoid: Drug XYZ has an effect of muscular contraction for an hour in snails of Achatina fulcia
species

 Better: Drug XYZ induces muscular contraction in Achatina fulcia snails

 2] Use appropriate descriptive words:

 A good research paper title should contain key words used in the manuscript and should define
the nature of the study.

 Think about terms people would use to search for your study and include them in your title.

 Avoid: Effects of drug A on schizophrenia patients: study of a multicenter mixed group

 Better: Psychosocial effects of drug A on schizophrenia patients: a multicenter randomized

 3] Avoid abbreviations and jargon:

 Known abbreviations such as AIDS, NATO, and so on can be used in the title.

 However, other lesser-known or specific abbreviations and jargon that would not be
immediately familiar to the readers should be left out.

 Avoid: MMP expression profiles cannot distinguish between normal and early osteoarthritic
synovial fluid

 Better: Matrix metalloproteinase protein expression profiles cannot distinguish between normal
and early osteoarthritic synovial fluid

 Always write down the hypothesis and then take into consideration these simple tips. This
would help you in composing the best title for your research paper.

11. Writing a Proposal: Developing a Focused Project

12. Creating a Working Title

 Orient your team members to your research topic.

 Indicate the type of study you will conduct.

HOW TO WRITE OBJECTIVES OR STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 Answer the question: “What is the gap that needs to be filled?” and/or “What is the problem
that needs to be solved?”

 State the problem clearly early in a paragraph.

 Limit the variables you address in stating your problem or question.

 Consider framing the problem as a question.

 A problem statement is a brief piece of writing that usually comes at the beginning of a report or
proposal to explain the problem or issue the document is addressing to the reader.

 In general, a problem statement will outline the basic facts of the problem, explain why the
problem matters, and pinpoint a solution as quickly and directly as possible.

 Problem statements are often used in the world of business for planning purposes but can also
be required in academic situations as part of a proposal-style report or writing project.

 A "Problem Statement" is a description of a difficulty or lack that needs to be solved or at least

14. What is the goal of a statement of problem?

 The ultimate goal of a problem statement is to transform a generalized problem (something that
bothers you; a perceived lack) into a targeted, well-defined problem”one that can be resolved
through focused research and careful decision-making.

 Writing a Problem Statement should help you clearly identify the purpose of the project you will
propose..

 Often, the Problem Statement will also serve as the basis for the introductory section of your
final proposal, directing your readers attention quickly to the issues that your proposed project
will address and providing the reader with a concise statement of the proposed project itself

 A statement problem need not be long and windy. One page is more than enough for a good
statement of problem.

15. What are the key characteristics of a statement of problem?

 A good research problem should at minimum:

 1. Address a gap
  2. be significant enough to contribute to the existing body of research

 3. be one that will lead to more research

 4. renter itself to be investigated via collection of data

 5. be interesting to the researcher and suit his/her skills, time and resources

 6. be ethical

16. What is the format (parts of a problem statement)?

 A persuasive problem statement consists of three parts: 1) the ideal, 2) the reality, and 3) the
consequences.

 1. Part A- the ideal: Describes a desired goal or ideal situation; explains how things should be.

 Part B €“ the reality: Describes a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value in Part A from
being achieved or realized at this time; explains how the current situation falls short of the goal
or ideal.

 Part C €“ the consequences: Identifies the way you propose to improve the current situation
and move it closer to the goal or ideal.

 Here are your simple four steps to write a statement problem

 Step 1 (statement 1)

 Construct statement 1 by describing a goal or desired state of a given situation, phenomenon

 Step 2 (statement 2)

 Describe a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value discussed in step 1 from being
achieved or realized at the present time. This will build the reality, the situation as it is and
establish a gap between what ought to be and what is

 Step 3

 Connect steps 1 and 2 using a term such as "but," "however,"

 "Unfortunately," or "in spite of";

 Step 4 (statement 3)

 Using specific details show how the situation in step 2 contains little promise of improvement
unless something is done. Then emphasize the benefits of research by projecting the
consequences of possible solutions as well.
17. Examples

 Example 1

 Part A. According to the XY university mission statement, the university seeks to provide
students with a safe, healthy learning environment. Dormitories are one important aspect of
that learning environment, since 55% of XY students live in campus dorms and most of these
students spend a significant amount of time working in their dorm rooms.

 However,

 Part B. Students living in dorms A B C, and D currently do not have air conditioning units, and
during the hot seasons, it is common for room temperatures to exceed 80 degrees F. Many
students report that they are unable to do homework in their dorm rooms. Others report
problems sleeping because of the humidity and temperature. The rooms are not only
unhealthy, but they inhibit student productivity and academic achievement.

 Part C. In response to this problem, our study proposes to investigate several options for
making the dorms more hospitable. We plan to carry out an all inclusive participatory
investigation into options for purchasing air conditioners (university-funded; student-subsidized)
and different types of air conditioning systems. We will also consider less expensive ways to
mitigate some or all of the problems noted above (such as creating climate-controlled dorm
lounges and equipping them with better study areas and computing space).

 Show ASIAN JOURNAL SAMPLE

18. Purpose/Aims/Rationale/Research Questions: Example #2

 The guiding research question is: Under what conditions do Latinos in Queens, NY, switch their
ethnic identification? This involves the following specific objectives:

 To document the incidence of multiple ethnic identities among research participants. This
involves collecting life histories that focus on the ethnic background of informants and their
experience with ethnicity.

 To determine the contexts under which people invoke their ethnic identity. This involves
collecting data on characteristics of the community and social networks of communities. It will
also involve prolonged shadowing observations of the participants (with their consent) in their
day-to-day activities. [etc.]

The End

get started writing your own TITLE and Problem Statement!