Nehunya Ben HaKanah
Nehunya Ben HaKanah
Nehunya Ben HaKanah
Nehunya ben HaKanah (Hebrew: )נחוניה בן הקנהwas a tanna of the 1st and 2nd centuries.
It appears from Bava Batra 10b that Neḥunya was a contemporary, but not a pupil, of Johanan ben Zakai. He was the teacher of
Ishmael ben Elisha. Neḥunya was rich and had a large retinue of servants; but he was distinguished for his meekness and
forgiving nature, to which he attributed his attainment of great age;[1] two short prayers composed by him exhibit the same
qualities[2]
According to Rabbi Yochanan,[3] Neḥunya interpreted the entire Torah by the hermeneutic rule known as the "general and
particular" ("kelal u-feraṭ"), a rule which his pupil Rabbi Ishmael made the eighth of his 13 hermeneutic rules. Neḥunya is
frequently mentioned in the Talmud; in Hullin 129b he is referred to disagreeing with Eliezer and Joshua in regard to a
halakhah.[4] He said that the Pharaoh of the Exodus was rescued from the Red Sea, that he repented, that he afterward reigned in
Nineveh, and that it was he who in the time of Jonah exhorted the inhabitants of Nineveh to repentance.[5] Neḥunya is known
also for his ethical saying: "Whoever accepts upon him the yoke of the Torah, from him is removed the yoke of royalty and that
of worldly care; and whoever throws off the yoke of the Torah, upon him is laid the yoke of royalty and that of worldly care".[6]
As Ishmael b. Elisha, Neḥunya's disciple, is regarded by the kabbalists as their chief representative, Neḥunya is considered to
have been Ishmael's teacher in mysticism also. He is generally supposed to have been the author of the daily prayer beginning
אנא בכח, the initials of which form the forty-two-lettered name of God. He is also supposed by some to have been the author of
the Bahir, Sefer haTemunah and of the Sefer ha-Peli'ah.
References
1. Megillah 28a
2. Berakhot 4:2; Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 4:2
3. Shevu'ot 26a
4. compare, however, Eduyot 6:2
5. Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer 43
6. Pirkei Avot 3:6; Avot of Rabbi Natan recension B, 32 [ed. Solomon Schechter, p. 68]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–
1906). "NEḤUNYA BEN HA-ḲANAH" (http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11429-nehunya-ben-ha-kana
h). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
External links
Jewish Encyclopedia article for Nehunya ben ha-Kanah (http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=176&
letter=N), by Wilhelm Bacher and M. Seligsohn.
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