Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

Nowadays, houses are gradually shifting from normal switches to centralized control

system, involving a remote control transmitter.

It helps elderly people to control switches. The use of Smartphone or tablets also very

productive for commercial use. Smart homes filled with connected products are loaded with

possibilities to make our lives easier, more convenient, and more comfortable. Imagine that

you're driving home on a hot summer day. But rather than turn the air conditioner on when you

get home and wait for your house to cool, you simply use your Smartphone when you leave your

office to tell your smart thermostat to lower the temperature.

The power of the transmitter governs the range over which a Bluetooth device can

operate and, generally, devices are said to fall into one of three classes: class 1 are the most

powerful and can operate up to 100m (330ft), class 2 (the most common kind) operate up to 10m

(33ft), and class 3 are the least powerful and don't go much beyond 1m (3.3ft).

There is no shortage of possibilities for smart home devices, and home automation seems

to be the wave of the future. Below, we've compiled a detailed guide and house automation will

change our way of life.

Objectives of the Study

 The general objective of the study is to develop a Home Automation System where

people can open lights, appliances with using Bluetooth Module. The main objective of this

project is to develop a home automation system with Bluetooth controlled remote. Design a

circuit to help increase efficiency in terms of production and time. Home automation can be

again divided in to just controlling the appliances using a Smartphone from a remote location. It

can control Lightning. The elderly and handicapped people can access it and lessen the difficulty

of switching the ON/OFF button or wall switches. Due to the remote operation it can accessible

and easy. It can be achieved by using any Android phone or tablet.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The scope of the study focused on design and evaluating of the Home Automation

System and for the accessibility to any audience. In this study Home Automation System can

benefit on. 1.) When you convert your home into a home automation, you’ll have all of your

products programmed to your specific needs. Additionally, being able to control your home. 2.)

Almost all home products can be installed many of them don’t even require you to bring

someone into your home.

According to the research, it is limited with home automation system will be extremely

reliant on your remote controller. If your connection drops you’ll be left with a lot of smart

products that won’t work. Additionally, wireless signals can possibly be interrupted by other

electronics in your home and cause some of your smart products to function slowly or not at all.
 Chapter 2

Conceptual Framework

This is the preview of the conceptual model and the review of related literatures and

studies. It includes the underlying frame work of the study and the definitions of terms.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Introduction

Home automation takes away a wide range of initiatives from people. It is instantly

control and people do not have to have a hand in it. Using it will help increase the use of

appliances, even the small gadgets. It allows the house lighting range be managed as well as

instantly managed in each room. It is often regarded to be set up quickly and under management

with just a key. However, creating a do-it-yourself smart home involves much more than just

installing hardware; the application software must also be configured with the physical context

of each device. Now, with home automated device, lifestyle can be better and special because it

is possible to do many things. It does not really need to be regarded a high-class product, but a

way to preserve your time and be beneficial

Challenges of Home automation systems

Home automation systems suffers four main challenges; these are poor manageability,

inflexibility, difficulty in achieving security and high cost of ownership. The main objectives of

this research is to design and implement a home automation system using IoT that is capable of

controlling and automating most of the house appliances through an easy manageable web

interface. The proposed system has a great flexibility by using Wi-Fi technology to interconnect
its distributed sensors to home automation server. This will decrease the deployment cost and

will increase the ability of upgrading, and system reconfiguration.

Home Automation Guide

The Smart home known as House automation, with the use of new technology, to make

the domestic activities more convenient, comfortable, secure, and economical. The home

automation system includes main components which are: User interface: as a monitor, computer,

or Phone, for example, that can give orders to control System. Mode of transmission: wired

connections (example Ethernet) or Wireless (radio waves, infrared, Bluetooth, GSM) etc. Central

Controller: It is hardware interface that communicates with user interface by controlling

domestic.

Bluetooth based home automation system using cell phones

The International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) stated that, In

Bluetooth based home automation system the home appliances are connected to the Arduino BT

board at input output ports using relay. The program of Arduino BT board is based on high level

interactive C language of microcontrollers; the connection is made via Bluetooth. Home

automation allows us to control household appliances like light, door, fan, AC etc. It also

provides home security and emergency system to be activated. Home automation not only refers

to reduce human efforts but also energy saving and time efficiency.

GSM based home automation system using cell phones:

This system is designed for secured wireless communication, our system is based on the WSN

system user can access the system from android mobile using GSM module .Project contain the

two section one is transmitter section and another section is receiver. Transmitter section is
contain the android mobile and Receiver section is the actual controlling electronic system for

home automation which is designed using the Arduino circuit containing the GSM module for

wireless communication.

Research conducted by Amruta Patil, Pooja Potnis, Karishma Katkar Electronics and

Telecommunications Engineering Department , Government College of Engineering and

Research , Awasari (kd) ,Pune(412405) ,Maharashtra , India .

Home automation using RF module:

According to N.K. Kaphungkui, the important goal of Home Automation System is to

build a home automation system using a RF controlled remote. Now technology is accelerating

so homes are also getting smarter. Modern homes are deliberately relocating from current l

switches to centralized control system, containing RF controlled switches. Even further it turns

into more problematic for the old persons or physically handicapped people to do so. This work

presented here is to controlled independent home electrical appliances through RF based remote

system. From any place without any line of sight around the house, RF based wireless remote

control system can change the state of the electrical appliances either in on state or off state.

The controlling circuit is built around RF transmitter and RF Receiver modules which are

operating at 434 MHz along with encoder IC HT12E and decoder IC HT12D with few passive

components. The four different channels at the encoder are used as input switches and the four

channels at the decoder output are connected to the appliances through a relay. Here the

transmission technique is amplitude shift keying (ASK) and the circuit is powered with 9 V.
Component Description

Arduino UNO:

The 8 – bit ATmega 328P microcontroller based Arduino UNO is used in the project to control

different components like Bluetooth module and relay network.

Bluetooth Module:

The Bluetooth Module used in this project is HC- 05. As seen in the image below, this Bluetooth

module has 4 – pins for VCC (5V), ground, TX and RX.

Figure 1.1

This Bluetooth can be used with Bluetooth enabled phone (or tablet or laptop) and the range of

this module is approximately 10 meters.

4 – Channel Relay Board:

A 4 – channel relay board is used in this project to control four different loads. It has all the

necessary components and connections like base current limiting resistor, flyback diode,

Figure 1.1

LED indicators and header for connecting it to other devices.

Caution: We should be very careful when using a relay with AC mains

Conceptual Model of the Study

On the basis of the foreign concepts, theories, and findings of related literature, studies

presented, and insights taken from them, a conceptual model is developed as shown below:

Input Process Output

Knowledge Chapter 2
Requirements
Requirements
a) Home automation Gathering
guide
b) Challenges that  Research and
Bluetooth Home
Home Automation related Automation System
System faces literature
c) Bluetooth  Significance Using Arduino
connectivity using of the problem
 Evaluation

Figure 2. Conceptual Model of the Study of Bluetooth Home Automation System using

Arduino

This study adopted the input-process-output model of the project development. The input

requirements are classified as to Knowledge Requirements, Software Requirements, and

Hardware Requirements. The Knowledge Requirements are Home Automation System guide

and Bluetooth Connections. Software Requirements is consist of Arduino Programming The

Hardware Requirement are consist of Arduino UNO,HC – 05 Bluetooth,Module, 10 KΩ

Resistor20 KΩ Resistor, 1 KΩ Resistor X , 42N2222 NPN Transistor X, 41N4007 Diode X 4, 12

V Relay X 4, Prototyping board (Bread board), Connecting wires12, V Power supply

,Smartphone or tablet (Bluetooth enabled).

The process section identifies the activity involved requirement gathering. It consist of

research and related literatures that similar to the our study. Secondly, the significance of the

study where we discuss the people who will benefit the program. The design is only a prototype

not a finished product. Development of home automation system with use Bluetooth module and

can open lights with a decent range can accessed through Android phones and tablets.

The output will be based on the evaluation of the study is the “Home Automation System” by

which the performance is evaluated.

Definition of Terms

Arduino Uno-The 8 – bit ATmega 328P microcontroller based Arduino UNO is used in the

project to control different components like Bluetooth module and relay network.

Bluetooth module - This Bluetooth can be used with Bluetooth enabled phone (or tablet or

laptop) and the range of this module is approximately 10 meters.

Channel relay board - is used in this project to control four different loads. It has all the

necessary components and connections like base current limiting resistor, flyback diode, LED

indicators and header for connecting it to other devices.

Resistor - a device having a designed resistance to the passage of an electric current.

Transistor - a semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition

to rectification.

References
https://www.electronicshub.org/arduino-based-home-automation/
http://www.edgefxkits.com/home-automation-by-android-application-based-remote-control
https://www.slideshare.net/olafusimichael/500project1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino#Hardware

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY
This chapter represents the project design, project development, operation and

testing procedure as well as the evaluation procedure.

Project design

This home automation system is intended to be used by any people equipped with

Bluetooth phones or tablet. The study of home automation system can benefit on. 1.) When you

convert your home into a home automation, you’ll have all of your products programmed to your

specific needs. Additionally, being able to control your home. 2.) Almost all home products can be

installed many of them don’t even require you to bring someone into your home.

Figure 5: Block diagram of the home automation system

 Figure 5 : Schematics diagram of the home automation system

Figure 6: Isometric view of the prototype of our Home automation system

 • The Bluetooth module has 4 – pins: VCC, TX, RX and GND. VCC and GND are

connected to 5V and ground from Arduino UNO. The Bluetooth module works on 3.3V

and it has an on board 5V to 3.3V regulator.

• The TX and RX pins of the Bluetooth module must be connected to RX and TX pins of

the Arduino. In Arduino UNO, we are defining pins 2 and 4 as RX and TX using

software. Hence, TX of Bluetooth is connected to pin 4 of Arduino.

• But when connecting RX of Bluetooth to TX of Arduino (or any microcontroller as a

matter of fact), we need to be careful as the pin can tolerate only 3.3V. But the voltage

from TX or Arduino will be 5V.

• So, a voltage divider network consisting of 10K and 20K resistors are used to reduce the

voltage to 3.3V approximately.

Project Development

Hardware Development

• 1. Create a Design for the Home automation system.

• 1.1 Seen in the Figure 5.

2. Purchased the following materials

• Bluetooth module

• Arduino UNO

• HC – 05 Bluetooth Module

• 10 KΩ Resistor
 • 20 KΩ Resistor

• 1 KΩ Resistor X 4

• 2N2222 NPN Transistor X 4

• 1N4007 Diode X 4

• 12 V Relay X 4

• Prototyping board (Bread board)

• Connecting wires

• 12 V Power supply

• Smartphone or tablet (Bluetooth enabled)

3. Arduino Uno

• The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has a 16

MHzceramic resonator, 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as

PWM outputs), 6analog inputs, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header,

and a reset button. This board is very simple and can be easily used, everything

you need to support the microcontroller is in thisboard, just plug it in a computer

via USB cable and power using an AC-to-DC adapter or batteryto get started.

• The difference seen in the Arduino Uno is that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-

serial driver chip but, it has the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2)

programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

4. HC-05 Bluetooth Module

 • It is a module which means the connection has to be initiated by a master module;

in this case the master module is the android device. It is small in size and its

voltage is 3.3V that makes it compatible with any kind of microcontroller with the

power of 3.3V. it’s baud rate can be set using the ATcommands.

• Figure 10-HC-05 Bluetooth Module

5. Relay module

• By connection the power source to the In Port and the wanted appliance to the

normally open Pin (NO) if you want it to be active high otherwise connect it to

the normally connected Pin (NC).

6. Android Phone + Android App

• In this Project and android phone is used as the remote control for the user

alongside with an app . The app employs a simple Android user interfaceto

control Arduino Uno's digital and PWM pins, send text commands to Arduino-

Uno and receive data from Arduino over Bluetooth serial module.

Software Development

1. Programming the Arduino-Uno

• In order for the Arduino-Uno board to be able to interact with the application used

in this project certain program (code) needs to be uploaded to the Arduino-

Uno.Arduino Company provides user friendly software which allows writing any

code for any function wanted to be performed by the Arduino-Uno and upload it

to the board.
2. Connecting the Arduino-Uno board to the Bluetooth module

• A connection between the Arduino-Uno and the Bluetooth module is required in order

toenable the android to control the Arduino-Uno.First we need to connect the VCC pin of

the Bluetooth module to the VCC port in theArduino-Uno board. Second we need to

connect the GND pin of the Bluetooth module to theGND port in the Arduino-Uno board.

Lastly we need to connect the receiver of the Bluetooth module to the transmitter of the

Arduino-Uno board and the transmitter of the Bluetooth moduleto the receiver of the

Arduino-Uno board.

Figure 7: Flow chart of the Home Automation System

Operation Procedure

• Using this project, we can turn on or off appliances remotely i.e. using a phone or tablet.

The project can be further expanded to a smart home automation system by including

some sensors like light sensors, temperature sensors, safety sensors etc. and automatically

adjust different parameters like room lighting, air conditioning (room temperature), door

locks etc. and transmit the information to our phone. Additionally, we can connect to

internet and control the home from remote location over internet and also monitor the

safety.

Testing Procedure

• After installing the app on the phone and connecting the Arduino-Uno board with the

Bluetooth module a test to make sure that the phone is interacting with arduino via the

Bluetooth module is needed.

• Open the app in the android device.

• Search for Bluetooth devices via the app.

• Connect to the Bluetooth module.

• If the light in the Bluetooth module stopped blinking then everything is working fine

otherwise the wiring need to be checked.

Evaluation Procedure

In the preliminary evaluation, the software and hardware was evaluated using pilot testing. It

involves the checking if the system meets the requirement. It is the process until it is error-free

and accurate to the need of the users.

The process of evaluation in the prototype demonstration was carried out via survey on the

performance of the prototype. The evaluation instrument was spread to thirty (30) respondents

that consist of elders and handicaps who have knowledge and in need of this kind of research.

The researchers explained the operation and shows to the panel of respondents the procedures on

setting up the prototype. During the substantiation, the evaluation on the prototype was present

and the respondents filled up the evaluation instrument on the developed prototype.
Figure 8:The evaluation instrument use likert scale to verify the level of performance of the

prototyped based on the given criteria. Each criterion consist of three items that are beseem,

best described and define. It includes functionality, workability, durability, economy, and

safety