Tabla 1

Function Mental process(think before you speak) Stem Questions Exponents Cookies

1 Negotiating meaning Things you don´t understand or you can´t express - I´m sorry, could you say that in other words? Well… I mean (= osea) You know…
easily . I you don´t - Could you repeat, please? Something that you use for…( cuando no te sabes la palabra, la explicas ) That´s
understand something, you can ask for clarifications. - I´m not sure I got it right, what do you mean by…? an interesting question Actually…
And always show the examiner that you don´t - What does…mean?
understand or that you understand why he/she is
saying. Smile!

2 Expressing reasons, - What you like more than other things - Why …? Actually…. As a matter of fact The reason why … I/ some people do… (in order) to/ so
opinions, preferences - What you think about something - What do/does … for? In my opinion (I think) I think that… /I believe that… The way I see it… that …
- Why you think that way/Why you prefer one thing - What´s the reason why…? To me… I prefer … My favorite… I prefer…VBing to Vbing I prefer
- What do you think about…? I like… better than… (noun) … to …(noun)
- In your opinion …do/does/is/are…? I like to … I like…
- Which… do you prefer: … or …? rather than …
- Do you prefer… or …?
- Which … do you like best?

3 DESCRIBING THE FUTURE, Image the future and say what you or other people think- Wh-…will…? I think that in the future… - I think that…probably/maybe/possibly; Future will Present continuous
INFORMING AND it will be like AND We say what we (where, what, when) will…? I hope that… I imagine that… First conditional
EXPRESSING INTENTIONS - Do you think…will…? Some people think that… I’ve read that I want to / I hope/I intend to; Probability modal verbs
want to do
- What do you think…will be like?; My idea /plan is to… My intention is to… If I can, I would like to
- Can you tell (when, where, why, who)…something … I will I´m going to
about…?
- What’s your intention about… ?
- What do you intend/plan to do …?
- Do you have any plans for…?
4 PREDICTING AND Predicting: guess, imagine something in the future; - What do you think (about)…? Predicting/Express uncertainty: ➢ Predicting/
EXPRESSING CERTAINTY Express certainty: talk about something we are — Is it probable/likely/possible that…? I’m not sure, but; In the future… uncertainty: Will future/probability
AND UNCERTAINTY It’s possible/probable/likely that I predict
sure of; Express modals (could, may, might)/first
uncertainty : talk about something we have doubts; -If…do you think…? I may be wrong/mistaken, but Probably/hopefully/maybe/possibly/eventually conditional.
Certainty: ➢ Certainty: present
- Are you sure that…?; I’m sure that…/Surely… It must be that…/It can’t be that…; Definitely continuous future/ probability modal
(must, can’t)/zero conditional.

5 DESCRIBING PAST ACTIONS Remember the past significant moments and -What was the most…?; I remember… Once…; Present perfect
IN THE INDEFINITE OR describe with adverbs and adjectives. - What was the last …?;
RECENT PAST The most beautiful/interesting/memorable/ unforgettable/exciting/unbelievable; I t Past continuous
-Have you ever…?;
was…(the summer on Sunday afternoon);
-Have you already…?
- How long have you been/lived/
known…?;

-What were/was + vb ing…?

-Were you…when…?

6 EXPRESSING OBLIGATION Think of something that we (somebody else) It is necessary that…/ to + vb ing Must
have to do - Do you need /have to…? It is compulsory that/to + vb It is mandatory that/ to + vb Some rules…are…
- Is it necessary to…?/compulsory to…?/ The main rule is that… My duty/obligation is to… The rules/regulations The Law says Have to =need to
that…
mandatory to…?
It is wrong to…/ forbidden/prohibited Can’t=mustn’t
- What rules do you have to respect…? Sj + be (not) allowed
- What are your obligations…?

7 Boomerang question We think about a question we can ask the examiner, Have you ever…?
based on the last thing we said in our answer What do you think about …?
What do you prefer: … or …?