Capstone Guidelines and Format

THESIS | PRELIM
INTRODUCTION
Definitions of Research
Research is simply a systematic and refined technique of thinking, employing specialized tools,
instruments, and procedures in order to obtain a more adequate solution to a problem that would be
possible under ordinary means.
Importance of Research
Basically, people conduct research to acquire more knowledge in a field, to discover new methods, to
generate new knowledge, to study existing phenomena, to improve research methodologies, and to
clarify facts.
Purpose of Research
The main purpose of research is to inform action, to prove a theory, and contribute to developing
knowledge in a field or study.
In the field of computer studies, the general purpose of research is to ease the burden of work.
Characteristics of Research
1. Empirical : research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical : research is based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical : research starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
4. Analytical : research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering data, whether
historical, descriptive, experimental, and case study.
5. Critical : research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
6. Methodical : research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic
method and procedures.
7. Replicability : research design and procedures are repeated to enable the researcher to arrive
at valid and conclusive results.
Characteristics of the Researcher

1. Intellectual Curiosity – researcher undertakes deep thinking and inquiry of the things, problems,
and situations around him.
2. Prudence – researcher is careful to conduct his study at the right time and at the right place wisely,
efficiently, and economically.
3. Healthy Criticism – the researcher is always doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results.
4. Intellectual Honesty – researcher is honest to collect or gather the data or facts in order to arrive
at honest results.
5. Intellectual creativity – a resourceful investigator always creates new researches.
The Meaning of Design

In the area of engineering, design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet
desired needs. It is a decision – making process (often iterative), in which the basic sciences, mathematics,
and the engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet these stated needs.
In the area of Computing or Information Technology Education (ITE), the term design includes
1. Application development that focuses on software engineering process
2. Application development that focuses effective testing procedure
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THESIS | PRELIM
3. A study on application development processes

CHED defines BSIT program as the study of utilization of both hardware and software technologies in
planning, installing, customizing, operating, managing, administering, and maintaining IT infrastructure
that provides computing solutions to address the needs of an organization.
Research in Computer Science, Information Technology and Engineering

Nunamaker, et. al. (1997) proposed a framework for engineering and technology research which consists
of four major phases: theory building, experimentation, observation, and systems development.
Theory building consists of conceptual frameworks, mathematical models, and methods. Observation
employs case study, survey, and field studies. System development consists of five stages: concept design,
constructing the architecture of the system, prototyping, product development, and technology transfer.
Experimentation involves computer simulations, field, and laboratory experiments.
Research vs. Design Problem

RESEARCH DESIGN
It must be new It does NOT need to be new
It does not have to be good It has to be good
In sum, research does not have to be good but it In sum, design does not have to be new, but it
must be new must be good.
It is done to understand the world It is done to change the world.
What is a Capstone Project?

A capstone project is an undertaking appropriate to a professional field. It should significantly address an
existing problem or need. An IT Capstone Project focusses on the infrastructure, application, or processes
involved in implementing computing solution to a problem.
CHED’s SUGGESTED DOCUMENTATION TEMPLATE/FORMAT

PRELIMINARY Blank Sheet
Title Page
Approval Sheet
Acknowledgement
Dedication Page
Executive Summary
Table of Contents
List of Tables/Figures/Notations
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Project Context
Purpose and Description
Objectives
Scope and Limitations
Definition of Terms
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED SYSTEMS Review of Related Literature/Systems
Technical Background
CHAPTER 3 DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY Methodology, Results and Discussion
 Requirements Analysis
 Requirements Documentation
CRIS NAZ 2
THESIS | PRELIM
 Design of Software, Systems, Product and/or

Processes
 Development and Testing, where applicable
 Description of Prototype, where applicable
 Implementation plan (infrastructure/deployment)
where needed
 Implementation results, where applicable.
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS Summary of Findings
AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions
Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendices
DISCUSSION OF CHAPTER 1
Writing a Good Introduction
1. The importance of the software development is discussed
2. Tell something about the organization or group where the research will be conducted.
3. Problem encountered by the organization or group relating to the system is stated and that a
solution to the problem is needed.
4. A desire to find a better way of doing something or improving the existing system should be
explained.
Project Context
Remember the following in writing the Project Context
1. The proponent should introduce the presentation of the problem, that is, what the problem is all
about. Describe the existing and prevailing problem situation based on the organization or group’s
experience. This scope may be global, national, or regional and local.
2. The proponent should give strong justification for selecting such research problem in his/her
capacity as a researcher. Being part of the organization or systems and the desire and concern to
improve the systems.
3. The researcher should state a sentence or two that would show the link and relationship of the
rationale of the study to the proposed research problem.
Purpose and Description

This is similar but not identical to Significance of the Study of a computer science thesis. The content of
the Purpose and Description must answer the following questions:
1. What is the function of your project?
2. What is good in your project?
3. What makes your project unique, innovative, and relevant?
Therefore, the importance of the capstone project must contain explanations or discussions of any or all
of the following:
The rationale, timeliness and relevance of the study
 Rationale means a set of reasons or a logical basis for a course of action or a particular
belief. That is the underlying reason or basis why you choose the project.
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THESIS | PRELIM
 Timeliness means the fact or quality of happening at the best possible time or at the right
time. In relevance to the project, the advent of the project is in the right timing to solve
the organization’s problem.
 Relevance means the quality or state of being closely connected or appropriate. This
explains that the project is needed or a solution to the problem.
Possible solutions to existing problems or improvement to unsatisfactory conditions
The beneficiaries, and how they are going to be benefited
Possible contribution to the fund of knowledge(if any)
Possible implications
According to Laviña et.al (2016), it is good to start the purpose and description by providing the function
of the capstone project.
Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study guide the researcher and the reader to know what the proponent(s) need to
do.
Guidelines in Formulating the Objectives of the Project
 Start with the General Objective which is very parallel to the project title.
 Explode the general objective into Specific Objectives that will help realize the proposed study.
 Objectives should be SMART
S Specific: The problem should be specifically stated

M Measurable: It is easy to measure by using research instruments, apparatus, or
equipment.
A Achievable: Solutions to a research problem are achievable or feasible.
R Realistic: Real results are attained because they are gathered scientifically and not
manipulated or maneuvered.
T Time-bound: Time frame is required in every activity because the shorter completion
of the activity, the better.
Sample Objectives:
General Objective:
This study aims to develop a game application that uses genetic algorithm for the
games’ artificial intelligence that can compete the abilities of the human.
Specific Objectives:
The following statements are the specific objectives of the study:

1. To implement the Battleship board game in mobile phone supported with
Google’s Android platform
2. To develop Artificial Intelligence for Battleship game with easy and
difficult level.
3. To use genetic Algorithms in developing the game’s Artificial Intelligence.
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THESIS | PRELIM
Note that objectives are written by either beginning with an action verb or an infinitive.
Example:
 To determine the efficiency of the system as perceived by the employees
 Identify possible problems encountered with the present system.
Scope and Limitations

The section may be subdivided into two parts, the Scope and Delimitation and Limitation of the
Study.
The Scope and Delimitation of the Study should include a brief statement of the general purpose
of the study, the target users/beneficiaries of the study, the period of the study and the features of the
proposed software.
The limitation of the study includes the weaknesses of the study beyond the control of the
researcher. This section may be not be included in the study if there is no such weaknesses of the study
beyond the control of the researcher.
In formulating this, you must:

 Think the project scope as a box. High-level scope defines the sides of the box and separates what
is relevant to your project from what is irrelevant.
 The scope refers to the work that needs to be accomplished to deliver a product, service, or result
with the specified features and functions.
 The scope explains the nature, coverage, and time frame of the study
 The limitation, on the other hand, explains all that are NOT included in your project.
 In other words, the scope of the project gives an overview all the deliverables (i.e. the things that
your project gives/delivers), and the tools and technologies used that will be used in the project
development while the limitations of the project are the boundaries of the project (i.e.
areas/things that are out of scope).
REFERENCES:
Book
 Outcomes – based Practical Guide to Thesis and Capstone Project Writing in Computing
Presentation
 Writing Chapters 1, 2, and 3 of the Research Proposal by Sheryl B. Satorre
Others
 Draft Guidelines on the Thesis and Capstone Project Preparation of BS Computer Science and BS
Information Technology by Jessie A. Montalbo. Ph.D
CRIS NAZ 5

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THESIS | PRELIM

Characteristics of the Researcher

The Meaning of Design

3. A study on application development processes

Research in Computer Science, Information Technology and Engineering

Research vs. Design Problem

What is a Capstone Project?

CHED’s SUGGESTED DOCUMENTATION TEMPLATE/FORMAT

 Design of Software, Systems, Product and/or

Purpose and Description

Objectives of the Study

S Specific: The problem should be specifically stated

The following statements are the specific objectives of the study:

Scope and Limitations

In formulating this, you must:

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