Physical Education and Health: Rhythmic Activities

1
Basic Concepts of Dance

Basic Concepts of Dance

Dance is considered the mother of all arts. To be educated in dance is to be
knowledgeable about its historical and cultural background, classification
and its functions.
Dances reveal the culture of the human being, its mores and traditions. It is
through dances that one can show his or her love for his or her country and
dances can be means to a worthwhile recreation. They also set the mood to
light up one’s life and soul.
Dance may range from social pastime to theatrical performances or from
religion rites to fitness-related activities. It also appeals to all social classes
and widely ranging levels of artistic taste. Dance has become an important
part of our cultural, recreational and educational experiences.

Values of Dancing
Dancing is entertainment. It gives fun to both the performer and the
spectator in terms of feelings while performing and watching respectively.
Dancing is worldwide yet world dances differ. Human dancing is as old as the
first man who expressed his feelings of joy and fear by rhythmically repeated
steps or gestures.
Dancing probably began as a rhythmic expression of happiness but
eventually, it was rapidly put to “practical use.” The movements depended on
the natural environment where man lives.
All dances have their unique arms and step movement although some of
them have similar steps but still they are being identified according to origin
and country.
Dancing as a form of recreation and entertainment has evolved so well in the
last century that it now has its rightful place in modern society. Dance
movements have evolved with the creation of new rhythms and new music in
the past years. Dances are vehicles of information and expression,
historically, religiously, culturally or otherwise.

Meaning of Dance
There are different ways of viewing dance. Dance is a movement set to music
where there emerges organization, structure and pattern. It can be in terms
of the origin of the word or through historical examinations of how dance
was viewed in earlier societies.
The word dance is related to the French word “danse” which is believed to
have been derived from the ancient high German word, “damson” meaning to
stretch or to drag. It is also related European variants that are based on the
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 root combination of letters TAN meaning “tension or stretching.” All dances
are made up of muscle stretches and relaxes. But dance cannot be merely
stretches and relaxes, rather it should be something organized. “Dance” is a
way of expressing one’s emotions through movement disciplined by rhythms.
According to Richard Krauss, dance is an art performed by individuals or
groups of human beings existing in time, space, force and flow, in which the
human body is the instrument and movement is the medium.
Dance is commonly performed with music or other accompaniment and has a
primary purpose of expressing the inner feelings and emotions although it is
often performed for social, ritual, entertainment or other purposes.

Functions of Dance
The following are the different functions of dance according to StudyBlue
(source: https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/10-functions-of-
dance/deck/15548390)
1. Emotional expression – people dance to convey or express their
innermost emotions through movement.
2. Aesthetic enjoyment – dance is used to portray aesthetics or to emphasize
beautiful elements.
3. Entertainment – dance is meant to engage and capture the interest of an
audience.
4. Communication – dance can be used to send a message, idea, or a story
through movement.
5. Symbolic representation – dance can also be used to interpret things
greater than the person himself.
6. Physical response – dancing can be a form of response to stimuli such as
music.
7. Enforcement to Conformity to Social Norms.
8. Validation of Social Institutions and Religious Rituals – dance are valid
proofs of the culture of various social institutions and religious rituals.
9. Contribution to Continuity and Stability of Culture – dance, as a part of
culture, can be used to contribute to its preservation as it can be passed
from generation to generation.
10. Contribution to the Integration of Society – dances can also contribute to
the formation of a society as it can be a solid part of culture.
 Physical Education and Health: Rhythmic Activities
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Elements of Dance

Elements of Dance
Elements of Dance
All types of dance involve different elements such as:
1. Movement – the action of the dancers as they use their bodies to create
organized patterns.
2. Energy – it provides the force needed to perform movement.
3. Rhythm – the pattern of timing around which the dance movement is
organized and related to the rhythm of the accompanying music.
4. Design – refers to the visual pattern made by the movements of the
dancer’s body.

Dance Forms
The following are the basic forms of dance:
 In almost all ages and in all places, we find pleasure in dancing and
this is called social dance. It is the most enjoyable and active way to
meet old friends and make new acquaintances or a future partner.
Social dance plays its part in mostly palaces, as well as villages. It was
then a dance for the rich and famous but now it is a dance for
everyone.
 Ballet is a classical performance side with the most contemporary
themes and choreographic approaches. The word “ballet” was derived
from the Latin word, “ballo” which means “to dance.” Ballet can be
traced to Italy during 1400’s at the time of Renaissance. The Ballet
Comique De La Raine was considered the first ballet performed in
1581 in honor of a royal wedding.
 Modern Dance is often referred to as contemporary dance. This is
highly individualistic and is a diverse form of artistic expression
which condemned the formality and sterility of the traditional ballet.
 Classical dance are dances with standardized rules and restrictions.
Classical dances often narrate stories based on mythology, historical
events and legends. The dances are common among Asian countries
where drama, music and dance are closely interrelated relaying on
symbolic gestures, masks or elaborated make-up and magnificent
costumes.
 Folk dance is usually performed by a group consisting of members of
the community dancing their traditional and popular dance. More
specifically, the term folk dance tends to be applied to dances
originated by agricultural people for secular and sometimes ritual
purposes in their places that also have presentational dance or art
form of dance.

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  Ethnic dance or ritual dance refers to dance performed by specialized
ethnic groups. Such dances that tend to be highly traditional and
linked to their social customs and traditions or religious practices and
beliefs. This stylized their movement and presentations. Ritual dances
for every event in the community’s life signifies birth, growing up of a
young man, weddings, curing the sick and burying the dead.
 Ballroom dance/social dances are dances intended primarily to get to
know other people in attendance to a certain social function. This is
the most widespread form of participating dance, while social dances
are communal dances performed in social gatherings in any given
space. Social and ballroom dances are different from dancesport
which is being performed in competitions. This is referred to as
competitive ballroom dancing. Ballroom dance ranges from the
familiar social dances of the decade such as waltz, tango, rumba,
chacha, boogie and others.

Elements of Dance
“Elements of dance are the foundational concepts and vocabulary that help
students develop movement skills and understand dance as an artistic
practice.” (Aldis, 2015)
The following are the basic elements of dance:
 Body

One of the most important elements of dance is the body. In dance,

this answers the question of who moves. The dancer feels every figure
and shape of his/her body while others see it. According to Aldis
(2015), “the body is sometimes relatively still and sometimes
changing as the dancer moves in place or travels through the dance
area.”

The dancer chooses what parts of the body he/she will use for the
dance. He or she may also choose to use the whole body, and this will
open questions on how he/she will design and use the entire body in
moving.

For this element, the following are considered:

o Initiation (the use of core, distal, mid-limb and body parts)
o Patterns (upper/lower body, homologous, contralateral,
midline, etc.)
o Body shapes (symmetrical/asymmetrical, rounded, twisted,
angular, arabesque)
o Body systems (muscles, bones, organs, breath, balance,
reflexes)
o Inner self (senses, perceptions, emotions, thoughts, intention,
imagination)
 Physical Education and Health: Rhythmic Activities
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Elements of Dance

 Action

In order to dance, action is vital. Aldis (2015) defines action as “any

human movement included in the act of dancing including dance
steps, facial movements, partner lifts, gestures, and even everyday
movements.” Since dance does not only consist of steps and
sequences, pauses and stillness is also included in the action element
of dance.

Action also refers to the technique of the dancer. His/her movements

may be choreographed or improvised. These techniques have specific
names and some names are similar in meaning so it is important to
know the different terms used in different types of dances.

 Space

It is important for dance to specify the space where the dance will
occur. The dancer may move in place or travel from one place to
another. The dancer may occupy a small space or a larger space for
movement. The dance may reach high places or sink to low places.
Dance can change directions (whether forward, backward, upward,
downward, sideward, diagonally, rotating) or pathways (traveling,
traced in air curved, straight, angular, zig-zag, etc.).

Dance may be done in locations relating to spatial relationships

between dancers or between dancers and objects (in front, behind,
beside, over, under, alone, connected, near, far), or planes
(sagittal/wheel, vertical/door, horizontal/table). They may also focus
their movements inward, outward, direct or indirect.

 Time

 The keyword for the element of time is When? Human movement is

naturally rhythmic in the broad sense that we alternate activity and
rest. Breath and waves are examples of rhythms in nature that repeat,
but not as consistently as in a metered rhythm.

 Spoken word and conversation also have rhythm and dynamics, but
these timing patterns are characteristically more inconsistent and
unpredictable.

 Rhythmic patterns may be metered or free rhythm. Much of western

music uses repeating patterns (2/4 or 3/4 for example), but concepts
of time and meter are used very differently throughout the world.
Dance movements may also show different timing relationships such

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 as simultaneous or sequential timing, brief to long duration, fast to
slow speed, or accents in predictable or unpredictable intervals.

 Time may also be organized in other ways including:

o Clock time: The dance is based on units of seconds, minutes,

and/or hours. For example, a certain section of a dance may be
assigned a time such as 30 seconds into which all the
choreographed movement must fit. A performance in a public
setting may be set up to repeat continuously between 12:00
Noon and 1:00 PM. 

o Sensed time: Dancers pick up on each other's timing such as
gradually increasing from a walking tempo to a running tempo
by cueing off each other rather than a music score. Another
example happens when dancers hold a group shape then
spontaneously move out of it based on the group's organic
impulse. 

o Event-sequence: An internal or external event signals a change
such as repeating a traveling phrase over and over until
everyone arrives at a corner of the stage. You also see this at
sports events when a touchdown triggers a dance cheer.

 Energy

Energy is about how the movement happens. Choices about energy

include variations in movement flow and the use of force, tension, and
weight. An arm gesture might be free flowing or easily stopped, and it
may be powerful or gentle, tight or loose, heavy or light. A dancer may
step into an arabesque position with a sharp, percussive attack or
with light, flowing ease. Energy may change in an instant, and several
types of energy may be concurrently in play.

 Saying that a dance "has a lot of energy" is misleading. ALL dances use
the element of energy, though in some instances it may be slow,
supple, indirect energy - not the punchy, high speed energy of a fast
tempo dance.

 Some types of energy can be easily expressed in words, others spring

from the movement itself and are difficult to label with language.
Sometimes differences in the use of energy are easy to perceive; other
times these differences can be quite subtle and ambiguous. Perhaps
more so than the other elements, energy taps into the nonverbal yet
deeply communicative realm of dance.

Components of Dance
The main components of dance are:
 Flexibility
 Muscular strength
 Speed
 Physical Education and Health: Rhythmic Activities
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Elements of Dance

 Balance
 Muscular endurance
 Expression and emotion
 Coordination
 Agility
 Stamina
 Timing
 Connection to audience

References
Aldis, D. (June 2015), Elements of Dance. Retrieved from:
http://www.elementsofdance.org/begin-here.html
10 Functions of Dance. Retrieved from:
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/10-functions-of-
dance/deck/15548390

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 Physical Education and Health: Rhythmic Activities
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Introduction to Rhythmic Activities

Introduction to Rhythmic Activities

This course will discuss various examples of rhythmic activities. Rhythmic

activities are series of movements in which individuals can take part during
any steady and prominent beat. Professionals use these activities as
therapeutic treatments for those who suffer from dementia. In performing
arts, rhythmic activities are the timing of events on a human scale involving
both the silence and musical notes in the musical accompaniment.
Rhythmic activities involve movements of the body corresponding to the
accompaniment of music. Every individual has its own rhythm. It is found in
all of nature and it is very natural in every individual. Rhythm is mostly and
clearly seen through dance -- the art of movement and gymnastics.

What is rhythm?
Rhythm is a regular recurrence of accented and unaccented beats.
It is a term which denotes as aspects of a quality of movement that is
sometimes thought of as dance. When an individual move in response to a
particular rhythm or music, we call their movements as rhythmic
movements. Structured forms which start creative rhythmic movement.
Rhythmic activities are the physical manifestations of the mental and
emotional response of the individual. They are activities which a child
responds to physically, socially and mentally to regular pattern of sound.
They are also a source of enjoyment for people in all ages. Through these
activities, skills and sense of rhythm are acquired and developed, feelings are
expressed, basic principles of time, space and force can be experienced.

Formations commonly used in rhythmic activities

 Single circle
 Double circle
 Square or quadrille formation
 Semi-circle of half moon formation
 Double line
 Long open formation

Objectives of Rhythmic activities

1. Develop skills necessary for recreational enjoyment
2. Maintain good posture and physical efficiency
3. Promote emotional freedom
4. Develop a balanced and well-coordinated body

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Gymnastics and Rhythmic Activities
Introduction
Simple exercises in gymnastics can help develop good posture. These help
develop the coordination of different parts of the body when moving. These
exercises will help the performer create and develop his own routine
according to his abilities

Gymnastics
The performance of systematic exercises often with the use of rings, bars and
other apparatus, either as a competitive sport or to improve strength, agility,
coordination and physical conditioning.
Skills in Gymnastics
Gymnastic activities and trainings should start at an early age when
flexibility is not yet a problem. They are trained to move with poise and grace,
with elegance and confidence that exudes the natural beauty of the body
form. Gymnastics is more than just a set of exercises. It is an artistic
expression of a well-disciplined body form in performing defined movements
at the height of perfection.
 Floor Skills – Floor skills help improve control and coordination of the
body parts besides enhancing grace, form and creativity in combining
new body movements. Floor exercises can be done in standing,
kneeling and sitting position. It also includes aerial and skills on the
tummy.

Floor skills can be used to create floor exercises and can be used to
connect movements. Warm up or conditioning exercises should be
done as required before performing the skills.

1. Sitting Position
o V-Seat
o V-seat Arm Support
o Long Sitting
o Straddle lean
o Tight pike position
2. Kneeling Position
o Knee scale
o Knee seat
o Half-kneeling position
o Knee swan
o Straddle knee position
o Kneeling one leg extended
3. Standing Position
o Standing arch back position
o Standing arch back
o Straddle stand
o Arabesque
o Moderate arabesque
o One leg balance
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Introduction to Rhythmic Activities

o Front scale
o Lunge position
4. Lying Position
o Supine lying
o Shoulder stand
o Overhead reach
o Supine arch
o Bridge stand
o Prone lying
5. Aerial Skills
o Arch jump
o Eagle jump
o Crouch jump
o Arabesque jump
o Hops
Floor exercises is a routine on the floor, a combination of different floor skills
together with some body conditioning exercises. They are arranged in
sequence in such a way to show unity and harmony of the movements. It
should be entertaining and pleasing presentation and at the same time,
enjoyable for the performers.

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 Physical Education and Health: Rhythmic Activities
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Locomotor and Non-locomotor activities

Locomotor and Non-locomotor Activities

Locomotor Movement and Activities
Locomotor movement is defined as “movements where the body travels
through space from one location to another.” Through this definition, it can
be said that this type of movement mainly makes use of the feet but in other
activities, a person can move from one place to another using his/her hands.
The following are the examples of locomotor movements:

Even Rhythm
 Walking – using both feet to move forward by steps.
 Running – using both feet in a generally faster speed, one foot must be
off the ground at any given time while performing this activity.
 Jumping – the body must push off from one or both feet in performing
a jump and then land on both feet. This can be done either vertically
or horizontally.
 Hopping – unlike the jump, hopping requires the body to push off
using one foot only and landing on the same foot.
 Leaping – the person takes off using one foot, covering a fairly large
distance and land on the ground using the other foot. This can be
preceded with a walk or run.

Uneven Rhythm
 Skipping – a combination of a step and a hop where the person steps
forward with a foot and hops using the same foot while bringing the
other foot forward to step and hop and switch.
 Galloping – a forward movement that starts with one foot forward
bent at the knee and pushing off from the ground before landing on
the position of the other foot.
 Sliding – this movement is done by stepping to the side or forward or
backward with one foot and then closing the distance by sliding the
other foot towards the former.

Non-locomotor movement and activities

Unlike locomotor movement, non-locomotor movement is defined as
“movements that occur in the body parts or the whole body and do not cause
the body to travel to another space.” However, some non-locomotor activities
can be combined with locomotor movements. Some of the examples of non-
locomotor activities are the following:
 Swing – this is done by moving or walking in a pendular motion.

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  Twist – this is done by partially rotating the body or some parts of the
body around a base (for example, twisting the upper body back and
forth while keeping the feet firm on the ground).
 Turn – this is a full rotation of the body in place.
 Shake – this is done by quick vibration motions of a body part.
 Bend – done by flexing a body part at the joint.
 Stretch – this is done by extending the limbs or muscles.
 Rock/Sway – the body is rocking by moving back and forth sideways.

References
Locomotor and Non-locomotor movements. Retrieved from:
http://users.rowan.edu/~conet/rhythms/Resources/Loco.nonloco.d
efinitions.html

Locomotor and Non-Locomotor Definitions. Retrieved from:

http://www.ed.gov.nl.ca/edu/k12/curriculum/guides/kcurriculum/a
ppendix_e_july_28.pdf
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Rhythmic Gymnastics (Unit 1)

Rhythmic Gymnastics (Unit 1)

Rhythmic gymnastics are exercises with rhythm or musical accompaniment.

They are called rhythmic because they are performed in a rhythmical manner
and using flowing movements. These include free-hand exercises and with
the use of light apparatus such as balls, ropes, wands, hoops and dumbbells,
etc. Classical and folk music are often the most suitable accompaniment to
these movements. Music should not be too fast nor too slow. Some basic
movements with each apparatus are based on the basic gymnastic positions
but lots of movements can be improvised depending on the type of music to
be used.

Formations
Some of the basic formations for presentation of rhythmic gymnastics are:
(Images are from the Gymnastics Book by Diñoso, 1990, retrieved from:
https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=99gzikydTWEC&printsec=frontcove
r#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1. Geometric Figures
a. Circle

b. Square

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 c. Diamond

d. Diagonal

2. Line formation
a. Radial

b. Mass line
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Rhythmic Gymnastics (Unit 1)

c. V formation

3. Letter formation
a. L-Formation

b. A-formation

c. T-formation

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Wand Exercises
Wands are made of hard wood or rattan of about 36 to 39 inches long and 1
½ inches in diameter.
Exercises with wand are excellent for their flexibility value especially in the
aims and the shoulder girdle. To add more attraction in the movements, the
wand should be covered in different colors or can be painted for more
colorful effect.

Image retrieved from:

http://img1.yiwugou.com/i001/20131117/33/big_7ca00dad10ab877ada61
016f6ff1ffe0.jpg on March 29, 2017.
Basic Positions of the Wand (Images retrieved from:
http://ejmas.com/pt/ptart_lewis_0901.htm on March 29, 2017)
 Physical Education and Health: Rhythmic Activities
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Rhythmic Gymnastics (Unit 1)

 Chest

 Neck

 Low back

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 Upward

 Sideward

 Obliquely upward
 Obliquely downward
 Down infront
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Rhythmic Gymnastics (Unit 1)

Dumbbell Exercises
Dumbbells are one of the most widely used weight-training equipment
pieces. One dumbbell consists of two square weights that are attached to a
handle and the weights can be fixed or is removable. The main reason why
people use dumbbells is to build and tone muscles, and they can be used to
develop muscles and most parts of the body.
Dumbbells can come in many different weights and sizes and they can be
made of metal, concrete or other materials. Dumbbells can be made up of
hardwood shaped like a bill at both sides or ends. The wood measures about
10 inches and 2 inches in diameter and the performer uses one pair in each
hand.
The use of dumbbells is good for strengthening value, especially good for
upper extremities.

Safe and Proper Use of Dumbbells

There are a number of dumbbell exercise rules that can be followed to
minimize the risk of injuries and gain better results.
Before doing dumbbell exercises to prepare muscles for workout, make sure
to choose the right kind of dumbbell because it may overstrain the muscles.
When you start a new exercise, it is best that you try the lighter weight.

Types of Dumbbells
There are three main types of dumbbells: the adjustable ones which are
made up of metal and their handle feature a crosshatch pattern to give users
a better grip; fixed weight dumbbells, on the other hand, has a weight that
cannot be removed and they are either made up of cast iron or plastic shells
filled with concrete; selectorized dumbbells also have adjustable weights and
they offer a more convenient way for users to change weights. Weights can
be easily changed by moving selector pens or turning dials.

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 Image retrieved from: http://fitnesshire.net.au/wp-
content/uploads/2014/09/adjustable-weights-300x280.jpg on March 29, 2017

Image retrieved from:

http://site.rockbottomgolf.com/blog_images/dumbbells.jpg on March 29, 2017
 Physical Education and Health: Rhythmic Activities
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Rhythmic Gymnastics (Unit 1)

Image retrieved from: http://thesweethome.com/wp-

content/uploads/sites/3/2016/06/adjustable-dumbbells-07-bowflex-front-630.jpg on
March 29, 2017.
Basic Dumbbell Positions (Images retrieved from:
https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=-
hRdedQHUz8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false on March 29,
2017):
 Bells in position

 Bells forward

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 Bells upward

 Bells on shoulder

 Bells on chest
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Rhythmic Gymnastics (Unit 1)

 Bells backward

 Bells on hips

 Bells oblique downward

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 Bells oblique forward/upward
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Stunts

Stunts
Stunts
Stunts are defined as activities in the form of play that test your flexibility,
strength, agility, balance, coordination and endurance. They are an extension
of the conditioning exercises that many have been doing.
Stunts are a part of gymnastics which are difficult but exciting to do requiring
great skill, correct technique and daring performance.

Stunts imitating animals

 Inch worm

Inch worm. (Image retrieved from: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gymnactik-

151017093952-lva1-app6891/95/gymnactik-8-638.jpg?cb=1445074849 on April 20,
2017)
Using the arms as support, move your feet towards your hands while
keeping your knees straight for approximately 8 counts. From the
bent position of your body and your legs straight, move forward using
your arms until you’re back to the starting position.

 Frog kick

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 Frog kick. (Image retrieved from: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gymnastics-
130927044132-phpapp02/95/gymnastics-10-638.jpg?cb=1380256966 on April 20,
2017)
Starting from a squat position and the hands on the floor in front of
the knees, push backwards using the feet until the buttocks are lifted.
Your body must be supported by the hands.

 Duck walk

Duck walk. (Image retrieved from: http://www.trainer.ae/articles/wp-

content/uploads/2016/02/duckWalk.jpg on April 20, 2017)
By partially squatting, walk forward maintaining that position.

Individual Stunts
 Rocking Chair

Rocking chair. (Image retrieved from: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gymnactik-

151017093952-lva1-app6891/95/gymnactik-5-638.jpg?cb=1445074849 on April 20,
2017)
Start with a fetal position, hugging your knees to your chest. Roll on
back until the buttocks are high up. Return to the starting position and
repeat the same motion several times.
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Stunts

 Prone Rocking

Prone rocking. (Image retrieved from: http://www.intuitmoves.com/wp-

content/uploads/2015/12/Kim-Rocking--300x200.jpg on April 20, 2017)
Start by lying on your stomach. Grasp your ankles or feet by reaching
for it backwards, with your back arched and head up. From this
position, rock forward and backward.

 Lying Bridge

Lying bridge. (Image retrieved from: https://s-media-cache-

ak0.pinimg.com/originals/9d/bd/81/9dbd815baf246dd9e2c1dd44df72daff.png on
April 20, 2017)
Start by laying upright, with your knees raised and arms straight on
your side. Using your buttocks, push your body upwards until your
body forms a triangle with your lower legs and body.

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 Standing Upside Down

Standing upside down. (Image retrieved from:

https://ontheyogamat.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/inversions_1.jpg on April 20,
2017)
Using your arms and hands as support for your weight, lift your body
upwards, keeping it straight.

 Ankle hold walk

Ankle hold walk. (Image retrieved from: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stunts-

120828202755-phpapp02/95/stunts-7-728.jpg?cb=1346185769 on April 20, 2017)
With your body bent at the waist, reach for your ankles and walk
forward while maintaining this position.
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Stunts

 Circling leg

Circling leg. (Image retrieved from:

https://thecorematrix.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/singlelegcircle.jpg on April 20,
2017)
This stunt starts with lying on your back on a mat. With palms facing
downwards, keep both arms at the sides. Bend one knee and keep the
foot flat on the ground. Raise your other leg toward the ceiling and
then move it towards your hip before slowly lowering it almost to the
floor. Bring your foot slowly to the right, having your leg point to a
direction. Create a circle using these steps before going back to the
starting position.

Dual Stunts
 Wheelbarrow 


Wheelbarrow. (Image retrieved from: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gymnastics-

130927044132-phpapp02/95/gymnastics-16-638.jpg?cb=1380256966 on April 20,
2017)
Person 1 stands upright while person 2 is in a starting position for
push-up, his body parallel to the floor. Person 1 grasps Person 2’s
ankle and the latter’s body rises from the floor. The pair walk forward
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 with Person 2 using his hands and arms to move and support his
weight.

 Get Up Back-to-Back 


Get Up Back-to-Back. (Image retrieved from:

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gymnastics-130927044132-
phpapp02/95/gymnastics-19-638.jpg?cb=1380256966 on April 20, 2017)
This stunt requires that the partners are approximately the same height.
The pair has to sit back-to-back on the floor, their arms linked and their
legs stretched. The goal is to have the pair stand up while staying in the
same position.

 Knee Stand

Knee stand. (Image retrieved from: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gymnastics-

130927044132-phpapp02/95/gymnastics-19-638.jpg?cb=1380256966 on April 20,
2017)
Person 1 starts with the stride position, feet about a shoulder width
apart and with knees slightly bent. Person 1 squats and lets Person 2
rise to sit on his shoulders. From this position, Person 2 places his feet
on his partner’s thighs. Person 1 leans back to gain balance as he
removes his head from between Person’s 2’s legs. Partner 1 has to
grip Person 2’s upper thighs while the latter maintains balance by
spreading his arms sideward.
 Physical Education and Health: Rhythmic Activities
7
Stunts

Group Stunts
Pyramid
Building a human pyramid requires us to be healthy and strong in body and
attitude. The following qualities are needed in order to successfully build a
human pyramid:
- Unity and cooperation
- Leadership ability
- Agility
- Sense of responsibility

Pyramid of three

Pyramid of three. (Image retrieved from: http://www.thecircusspot.com.au/circusblog/wp-

content/uploads/2015/01/Acro-balance.jpg on April 26, 2017)

Course Module
Pyramid of three. (Image retrieved: http://pad2.whstatic.com/images/thumb/8/83/Do-Basic-
Cheerleading-Step-17-Version-3.jpg/aid604731-v4-728px-Do-Basic-Cheerleading-Step-17-
Version-3.jpg on April 26, 2017)

Pyramid of three. (Image retrieved from: https://s-media-cache-

ak0.pinimg.com/originals/0d/6f/9d/0d6f9d7a9805140a791176a2e482aa13.jpg on April 26,
2017)
 Physical Education and Health: Rhythmic Activities
9
Stunts

Pyramid of three. (Image retrieved from: http://pad3.whstatic.com/images/thumb/9/9c/Do-

Basic-Stunts-in-Cheerleading-Step-3.jpg/670px-Do-Basic-Stunts-in-Cheerleading-Step-3.jpg on
April 26, 2017)

Pyramid of four

Pyramid of four. (Image retrieved from:

https://i.skyrock.net/1038/16631038/pics/453838304_small.jpg on April 26, 2017)

Course Module
Pyramid of four. (Image retrieved from:
https://mathematicsofcheerleading.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/dsc08028.jpg on April 26,
2017)

(Image retrieved from:

https://fthmb.tqn.com/5LfKGy2ErLWuVUkU98JaHhS09fY=/768x0/filters:no_upscale()/about/
football-players-throwing-cheerleader-in-air-200401911-002-5717d9db3df78c3fa269496e.jpg
on April 26, 2017)