Edentata 4

Edentata
The Newsletter of the IUCN Edentate Specialist Group • June 2001 • Number 4
Editors: Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca and Anthony B. Rylands

ESG Chair: Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca
ESG Deputy Chair: Jennifer Pervola
Edentata
The Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Edentate Specialist Group
Center for Applied Biodiversity Science

Conservation International
1919 M St. NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA
ISSN 1413-4411
Editors
Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Washington, DC
Anthony B. Rylands, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Washington, DC
Assistant Editors
Jennifer Pervola, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Washington, DC
Mônica Tavares da Fonseca, Conservation International do Brasil, MG, Brazil
Edentate Specialist Group

Chairman Gustavo A.B. da Fonseca
Deputy Chair Jennifer Pervola
Design and Composition

Ted Goodridge, Conservation International Publications, Washington, DC
Kim Meek, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Washington, DC
Front Cover Picture:

Alexis Rockman ‘Big Game’ 2000, Oil and acrylic on wood, 68x80 inches.
Artist Alexis Rockman kindly gave permission to reproduce his painting.
Photo courtesy of Gorney Bravin and Lee Gallery, Director Rodney Hill.
534 West 26th Street, New York, NY, 10001, USA.
This issue of Edentata was kindly sponsored by the Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation
International, 1919 M St. NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
EDITORIAL
The Conservation of Xenarthra Will Be Vital for the Preservation of Mammalian Phylogenetic
Diversity
Mammalian standing diversity may reach 5,000 species, currently divided into 26 orders, 135 families
and 1135 genera. The edentates (Xenarthra) contribute with a meager 29 species. The 2000 IUCN
Red List of Threatened Animals has eight species of edentates classified in one of its categories, out of
a total of 1,130 mammals, not a single (fortunately) yet considered critically endangered. This might
lead one to believe that the fate of sloths, armadillos and anteaters represents a negligible portion of
the challenge of preserving mammalian evolutionary diversity (compare this with the 223 primate taxa
considered threatened, 51 of which Critically Endangered!).
However, recent molecular evidence (Madsen et al al., 2001; Murphy et alal., 2001) strongly supports the
long-suspected notion of Xenarthra being an ancient, basal group within the placental mammals, and
one of its only four extant superordinal clades, with origins being traced back to Gondwanaland. What
such results suggest is that the four families of living edentates retain a disproportional amount of the
evolutionary history of placental mammals, immediately making the plight of these 29 species a great
priority for conservation. Unfortunately, as a group, edentates are very poorly studied when compared
with other mammals, in particular regarding their conservation status in the field. Most species are
notoriously difficult to investigate in the wild, which presumably drives away potential students.
Hoping to stimulate additional work focusing on sloths, armadillos and anteaters, particularly those
suspected to be threatened by habitat destruction and hunting, the Edentate Specialist Group has cre-
ated an Action Fund to support studies that will help elucidate their status in the wild. The fund is
being financed by Conservation International’s Center for Applied Biodiversity Science. We will hope
to make the turn-around time for the funding of proposals as fast as possible, and we especially invite
students from developing countries of the western hemisphere, home of the edentates, to apply for
funding. There is a more detailed description of this opportunity in this issue of Edentata.
Gustavo Fonseca
Chair
Edentate Specialist Group
References
Madsen, O., et al. 2001. Parallel adaptive radiations in two major clades of placental mammals.
Nature 409: 610-614.
Murphy, W. J. et al. 2001. Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals.
Nature 409: 614-618.
1
friend Ramón Lista, an Argentine geographer and
ARTICLES government official, reported sighting a strange
quadruped in Santa Cruz, southern Patagonia. He
said that it was pangolin-like but hairy. Lista said
Does the Endangered Xenarthran Fauna of that he and his companions shot at the animal
but that it escaped into the vegetation, appar-
Amazonia Include Remnant Ground Sloths?
ently unscathed. Later Ameghino examined what
to him appeared to be a piece of fresh ground
David C. Oren
sloth skin, which we now know originated from
Departamento de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi,
a mummified mylodontid discovered in a cave
Caixa Postal 399, 66017-970 Belém, Pará, Brazil.
at Ultima Esperanza Bay in Chile. Based on the
skin fragment, Ameghino then described Neo-
In what was viewed by many as an extremely con- mylodon listae in honor of his friend. Radio-car-
troversial paper (Oren, 1993), I proposed that bon and stratigraphic evidence gives ages ranging
stories linked to an Amazonian creature known from 5,000 to 13,000 years for the ground sloth
locally as the mapinguari or juma, among other remains from the Ultima Esperanza Bay cave, and
names, may be based on human contact with 4,400 years for a sloth bone from northern Chile,
remnant ground sloths. In general, it is consid- but there is controversy about these dates, which
ered that all the ground sloths are extinct and are not universally accepted (Greenwell, 1996).
that there are only two living genera of tree-sloths
(Choloepus
Choloepus and Bradypus
Bradypus), highly adapted to an In the Caribbean there is a good possibility that
arboreal lifestyle. I myself was among those shar- relatively small megalonychid ground sloths and
ing this general viewpoint, until I met Amazo- humans coexisted. The probably semi-arboreal
nians who told me about supposed face-to-face Synocnus of Hispaniola is the best candidate for
encounters with an animal that is best interpreted having overlapped with human occupation in the
as a living remnant ground sloth. Seven claimed West Indies. Other megalonychid genera possibly
to have actually killed specimens. Even if there is co-occurring with paleo-Indians include Acrato-
only a small possibility that these stories are based cnus of Cuba and Puerto Rico and Parocnus of
on fact, it seems worthwhile from a conservation Cuba and Hispaniola (McKenna and Bell, 1997).
point of view to entertain, at least for the sake
of argument, the possibility that there is an addi- Bernard Heuvelmans (1958), the consolidator of
tional form of endangered xenarthran, however cryptozoology, retells the story of Ameghino and
unlikely, in the forests of Amazonia. I further colleagues in his classic tome, and ends his fas-
cinating chapter on ground sloths in Patagonia
argue that such a remanescent form is really not
with the following on the possibility that there
all that unexpected.
still might be ground sloths somewhere:
The living and extinct sloths are generally divided
“...the largest sloths would have retreated, as the
into four or five families (some authors merge jaguar did, to the tropical forests, where they could
Mylodontidae and Scelidotheridae) (see McKenna find a safer refuge. All the same, it is unlikely that the
and Bell 1997). My article was not the first time really gigantic species could have adapted themselves
that someone had proposed that there might still to the inextricable virgin forests, the habitat in which
be ground sloths alive in South America. More the small tree species flourished. If such is the case,
than 100 years ago, Argentine paleontologist Flo- what has happened to them in their impenetrable
rentino Ameghino created a great international retreat in the vast Amazonian selva and the boscosa
stir by proposing that mylodontid ground sloths of the Andes? It is hard to see what, in the peace of
were still extant in Patagonia (Ameghino 1898, these forests rarely inhabited by man, could have led
1899). He had two lines of evidence. First, his
2 Edentata • June 2001

to their extinction. Might they not still live in this could only be a ground sloth!” Then a more cau-
“green hell” and find it a heaven of peace?” tionary tone took over: “Wait a minute, you’ll be
taken for a wacko!”
Curiously enough, Heuvelmans’ next chapter is
precisely on would-be unknown species of the When I wrote the 1993 paper, I had never inter-
Amazon, but there is no further mention of viewed anyone who had claimed to have killed one
ground sloths. In this chapter, he attributes all sto- of these supposed animals. I now have testimony
ries of mapinguaris and similar creatures to unde- from seven hunters who say they killed these
scribed primates. animals in the following municipalities in the
Brazilian Amazon: Eirunepé (Amazonas), Marabá
Ever since I first arrived in the Brazilian Amazon (Pará), region of the Parque Nacional da Serra
in 1977, I heard tales of all sorts of mythical crea- do Divisor (Acre – two hunters), Juína (Mato
tures in the rainforest. There is the curupira, a Grosso), Manicoré (Amazonas), and Carauarí
small, childlike imp that has its feet turned back- (Amazonas). Supposed witnesses who say they
wards and rides on the backs of white-lipped pec- simply came face to face with such an animal
caries. Forest dwellers who overhunt are certain to number over 80. What they describe: a creature
be enchanted by the curupira, who will get them approximately 2 m tall when standing upright; a
hopelessly lost in the selva. The mãe-de-seringa is very strong, unpleasant smell (most say that it’s
the protector of the rubber trees, and those who just the worst odor they ever smelled, although
tap latex in a form that is harmful to the trees will others describe the stench as a mixture of feces
be attacked by this vampire-like woman, who kills with rotting flesh); extremely heavy and powerful
her victims. build; capable of breaking thick roots with its
footsteps; claws on the manus similar in size to
From my first field work in the Tapajós River Priodontes maximus (Giant Armadillo), but shaped
basin, I heard stories of the mapinguari
mapinguari, a fear- like those of Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Giant Ant-
some, powerful, hairy, stinking behemoth with a eater or Tamandua); long coarse fur that is either
blood-curdling roar and human-like proportions. reddish, blackish or brownish in color; a muzzle
Surely this creature also was part of the panoply that looks like a burro’s or horse’s, though shorter;
of mythical animals that the natives love to talk four large canine-like teeth; ability to locomote on
about. But the more I traveled to other basins, the all fours and bipedally, although the bipedal gait
more stories I heard, until finally in 1988 I heard is not agile; footprints that are roundish (quadru-
an account that I could not dismiss as a fictional pedal gait) or like people’s, but with only four toes
tale of a run-in with a myth. Clearly my inter- (bipedal gait); and extremely loud, roaring vocal-
locutor was not lying about what he claimed to izations and/or vocalizations similar to a human
have seen in the forests of what today is northern calling loudly, but with a growl at the end. Six of
Tocantins State. After listening carefully to the the hunters claimed that they killed the animal
story, a light went on in my brain: “This creature with special slugs of solid lead in shotguns aimed
at the head, and that normal shot aimed else-
Family Representatives where has little effect on the animal. The seventh
Mylodontidae Extinct Ground Sloths,
hunter emptied a 38 caliber revolver into the ani-
North and South America
mal’s chest. Three hunters saved remains (sam-
Scelidotheridae Extinct Ground Sloths, South America
Megatheriidae Extinct Ground Sloths, North, Central
ples of hair, claws or a manus), which were later
and South America discarded, while the others saved nothing. They
Megalonychidae Extinct Ground Sloths, Choloepus stated that they did not save remains principally
(Two-toed Sloths), North, Central and due to the insupportable odor the animal emitted,
South America, plus West Indies which left them light-headed and nauseous.
Bradypodidae Three-toed Sloths (Bradypus), Central
and South America
3
Although in the 1993 paper I proposed that if tude the chances that if an animal of this sort is
such an animal is a ground sloth then it probably killed, at least part of it will make it into the hands
belongs to the Mylodontidae, my suggestion now of someone who recognizes its importance. And
is that a megalonychid is a better candidate, based can one imagine the boon to conservation in trop-
primarily on the four canine-like teeth and gait. ical South America if such a spectacular new “flag-
Only megalonychids could have locomoted the ship” species were to be found? At the very least
way witnesses describe (as per Toledo, 1998). there would be better funding for basic biological
inventory work. This is not a search for dinosaurs,
I admit that not all the evidence is consistent with extinct tens of millions of years, but the possibility
a ground sloth. The hunters claim that the animal of a very rare, remnant representative of a fauna
had a short tail. In all cases for which we have that flourished in the Americas, and particularly
reasonably complete material, the known fossil in Amazonia (Ranzi, 2000), until a few thousand
ground sloths had well-developed tails, important years ago. The Chacoan Peccary was discovered
for stability when used to complete a “tripod” still living only 27 years ago, Javan rhinos were
with the lower limbs to reach up to browse on recently rediscovered on the Asian mainland, and
foliage. Some researchers have suggested that the two new ungulates were recently described from
descriptions they have heard in the Amazon of war-torn Vietnam. In the vastness of the Amazon,
such an animal are more consistent with a bear the discovery of a large new mammal cannot be
than a ground sloth (K. Campbell, pers. com., J. considered all that unlikely or improbable.
Patton, pers. comm.). In this context it is impor-
tant to note that Shepard (in press), found that the As a side note, Richard Cerutti (pers. comm.),
Peruvian Matsigenka tribe describe an animal of paleontologist at the San Diego Natural History
which they are terrified, called segamai
segamai, very simi- Museum, suggested to me that descriptions of the
lar to the Brazilian Amazonian mapinguari. When legendary “Bigfoot” or “Sasquatch” of the Pacific
asked if it is like a bear (they know Andean bears Northwest of the United States and Canadá are
well), they expressed great surprise and affirmed much more consistent with a remnant ground
that the two animals are completely different sloth than with some undescribed great ape. There
(Shepard, pers. comm.). were plenty of ground sloths in that region until
quite recently, and no great ape fossils have ever
Castor Cartelle (pers. comm.) questions the loud been found there. He did not by any means try
vocalizations, since living sloths and other xen- to suggest that such an animal is still living, but
arthrans are largely mute. Although the modern rather that folklore tradition of the native peoples
xenarthrans pass most of their time quietly, they there has maintained the animal “alive,” even
are indeed capable of making impressive sounds, though it probably went extinct hundreds or even
such as the weeping-like vocalizations of Bradypus thousands of years ago. Is such the case with the
(pers. obs.), trumpet-like vocalizations produced mapinguari, alive in folklore but long gone in
mapinguari
by Priodontes (pers. obs.), and variety of sounds nature? If so, what did those seven hunters kill
made by three tamanduas and an armadillo avail- deep in the Amazon rainforest?
able on Emmons et al’
al’s (1997) CD of Neotropical
mammal sounds. Literature cited
Ameghino, F. 1898. Première notice sur le Neomy-
I am the first to confess that this adventure into lodon listae
listae, um représentant vivant des anciens
cryptozoology is a dangerous one for a researcher édenté gravigrade fossile de l’Argentine (La
concerned with maintaining his reputation as an Plata, 1898), English translation in Natural
authority on Amazonian biodiversity. At the same Science, London, 81: 324.
Science
time, I believe that just coming forward with this Ameghino, F. 1899. El mamífero misterioso de
hypothesis increases by several orders of magni- la Patagonia (Neomylodon
Neomylodon listae
listae), um sobrevi-

vente actual de los megaterios.. Pyramide
Pyramide, La cited species were recorded. Among them, Tolyp-
Plata 1: 51-63 (15 June 1899) and 83-84 (1 eutes matacus showed a well-defined association
July 1899). with xeric habitats, Dasypus yepesi and Euphractus
Emmons, L. H., Whitney, B. M. and Ross, sexcinctus were present from the xeric lowland
D. L. Jr. 1997. Sounds of Neotropical environments to humid mountain forests.
rainforest mammals: An audio field guide. Chaetophractus vellerosus
vellerosus, although typical in dry
CD-ROM. Laboratory of Natural Sounds, environments, was recorded in the same habitats
Cornell University, Ithaca. as D. yepesi and E. sexcinctus but was very scarce.
Greenwell, J. R. 1996. Ground sloth survival
proposed anew. International Society of Introdución
Cryptozoology Newsletter 12(1): 1-5. Los estudios sobre la asociación de los armadillos
Heuvelmans, B. 1958. On the Track of Unknown con el ambiente que habitan son pocos y aislados
Animals. Rupert Hart-Davis, London. 558pp. y, si bien se cuenta con cierta cantidad de
McKenna, M. C. and Bell, S. K 1997. Classifica- información acerca de sus distribuciones geográ-
tion of the Mammals Above the Species Level. ficas, poco es lo que se sabe respecto de sus exi-
Columbia University Press, New York. 631 pp. gencias ecológicas. En este sentido, el noroeste
Oren, D. C. 1993. Did ground sloths survive to argentino es una región interesante pues en un
recent times in the Amazon region? Goeldiana área relativamente pequeña se da la conjunción
Zoologia, 19: 1-11. de tres dominios biogeográficos representados por
Ranzi, A. 2000. Paleoecologia da Amazônia: Mega- una gran variedad de hábitats y de zonas ecoton-
fauna do Pleistoceno. Editora da Universidade ales (Cabrera y Willink, 1973). Esta condición de
Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis. variedad ambiental se halla determinada en gran
Shepard, Jr., G. 2001. Resource use and ecology parte por la topografía regional, con un relieve
of the Matsigenka of the eastern slopes montañoso de pendientes pronunciadas que deter-
of the Cordillera Vilcabamba. In: A Rapid mina marcadas variaciones altitudinales de tem-
Biological Assessment of the Northern Cor- peratura, presión, humedad y precipitaciones. Las
dillera Vilcabamba, Peru, T. S. Schulenberg, lluvias dependen además de la orientación de las
(ed.). Conservation International, Washing- laderas con respecto a los vientos dominantes del
ton, DC. este, de modo que las laderas orientales reciben
Toledo, P. M. 1998. Locomotory Patterns within fuertes lluvias estivales a medida que el viento
the Pleistocene Sloths. Museu Paraense Emílio gana altura y se enfría, mientras que las cumbres
Goeldi, Belém. 192pp. más altas y las laderas occidentales reciben vien-
tos secos que han perdido su humedad durante el
ascenso por el lado oriental.
Armadillos del Noroeste Argentino (Provincias
de Jujuy y Salta) Durante los meses de junio y noviembre de 1988
se realizaron trabajos de campo en la región, en los
Sergio F. Vizcaíno y Andrés Giallombardo que se recorrió una extensa zona de los departa-
Departamento Científico Paleontología de Vertebrados, Facultad
mentos de Ledesma, Valle Grande y Santa Bárbara
de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, (Provincia de Jujuy) y Orán (Provincia de Salta),
1900 La Plata, Argentina. visitando numerosas localidades ubicadas a dife-
rentes altitudes y en distintas unidades de hábitat.
Abstract También, se efectuó una transecta de aproxima-
Data on the presence of species, abundance and damente 150 kilómetros entre las localidades de
habitat association of armadillos from northwest- Humahuaca (Departamento Humahuaca, Jujuy,
ern Argentina were collected during two field 3000 msnm) y San Ramón de la Nueva Orán
seasons in 1988. Four of the eight previously (Departamento de Orán, Salta, 500 msnm),
5
chrysophilla y Poa gimnantha. El clima es frío todo
el año y las precipitaciones se producen en forma
de nieve o granizo.
Dominio Chaqueño:
b) Prepuna, por encima de los 1000 msnm. El
clima es cálido y seco, con lluvias exclusivamente
estivales. Predomina la vegetación arbustiva, baja
y esparcida.
c) Bosque xerófilo chaqueño, caducifolio, con un
estrato de gramíneas, cactáceas y bromeliáceas
terrestres. Las lluvias ocurren entre noviembre y
marzo y la temperatura media anual es de 20 a
23oC.
FIGURA 1.Localidades en el área de estudio. Ver numeración
en Tabla 1. Dominio Amazónico (Provincia de las Yungas)
d) Bosque montano. Se desarrolla entre los
atravesando la Serranía de Aparzo por el Abra 1200 hasta los 2500 msnm, su clima es algo
Chisca (4000 msnm) y la Sierra de Zenta por el frío y presenta nevadas en la estación húmeda.
Abra de Zenta (4400 msnm), límite entre las dos Predominan el pino (Podocarpus
Podocarpus parlatorei
parlatorei), el
provincias (Fig. 1). En la tabla 1 puede verse un aliso (Alnus
Alnus jorullensis
jorullensis) y la queñoa (Polylepis
listado de las localidades, su ubicación geográfica, australis
australis).
altitud sobre el nivel del mar y las unidades de e) Selva montana, en las laderas orientales de las
hábitat a la que representan. montañas. Se desarrolla entre los 550 y 1600
msnm. Es casi impenetrable por su densidad, con
Los armadillos constituyen una importante y árboles que superan los 30 m de altura. Entre los
tradicional fuente de proteínas en la dieta de meses de diciembre y mayo se halla constante-
los lugareños, quienes usualmente los capturan mente cubierta por las nubes.
para su consumo. Es común que retengan las f ) Selva de transición. Entre los 350 y 500
corazas, a las que les dan distintas utilidades, msnm, esta selva se desarrolla en las zonas llanas y
y partes del esqueleto, restos que permiten reali- montañas bajas, con árboles de entre 20 y 30 m de
zar la identificación específica con facilidad. La altura y un estrato arbustivo de cerca de 2 m. La
interacción con los los habitantes de pueblos y precipitación es de entre 700 y 1000 mm anuales.
caseríos permitió recuperar numerosos ejemplares,
así como importante información sobre el ambi- Resultados
ente del que proceden. Aquellos ejemplares que Tolypeutes matacus “Quirquincho bola”
presentaron un estado de conservación aceptable Esta especie es típica de la región chaqueña desde
fueron depositados en el Museo de La Plata. el sudeste de Bolivia y sur de Mato Grosso en
Brasil, hasta el noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos
Caracterización de habitats Aires en Argentina (Wetzel, 1982). En la zona
Para la clasificación de los hábitats se sigue el estudiada se registraron 18 ejemplares, exclusiv-
criterio de Cabrera (1976), quien reconoce para la amente en ambientes de bosque xerófilo (locali-
zona: dades 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 y 11, un ejemplar en cada una;
localidad 5, tres ejemplares; localidad 6, dos ejem-
Dominio Andino-Patagónico: plares y localidad 13, cuatro ejemplares) o ecotono
a) Vegetación altoandina, por encima de los bosque xerófilo/selva de transición (localidades 14,
3000 msnm, cuya comunidad clímax es la estepa un ejemplar y 16, dos ejemplares) siempre con
de gramíneas como Festuca orthophylla, Festuca menos de 700 mm de precipitación anual.

Chaetophractus vellerosus “Piche llorón” nosotros. Dos de ellos en bosque xerófilo (locali-
La distribución de esta especie incluye centro y dad 5), uno en selva de transición (localidad 17) y
sur de Bolivia, oeste de Paraguay y norte y cen- el restante en selva montana (localidad 24).
tro-oeste de Argentina (Wetzel, 1982), en ambi-
entes áridos y semiáridos con suelos arenosos y Euphractus sexcinctus “gualacate o gualincho”
vegetación xerófila (Carlini y Vizcaino, 1987). Sol- La distribución de esta especie comprende según
amente cuatro ejemplares fueron colectados por Wetzel (1982) las savanas al sur de Surinam y las
adyacentes de Pará (Perú), el Mato Grosso y las
tierras altas de Brasil, Uruguay, Paraguay, norte
TABLA 1. Sinopsisde la ubicación geográfica, altitud y ambi- de Argentina y Sud-este de Bolivia. Se reunieron
entes de las localidades de muestreo. ocho ejemplares, provenientes del bosque xerófilo
Ref. Localidad Altitud Ubicación Hábitat (localidades 2,3,5,9 y 13, un ejemplar por locali-
msnm (Dto; Provincia) dad), la selva de transición (localidad 17, un ejem-
1 La Estrella 600 Salta; Salta Bx plar) y la selva montana (localidades 19 y 25, un
2 Arroyo Punta de Agua 640 Sta. Bárbara; Jujuy Bx ejemplar en cada una).
3 Islas Chicas 720 Sta. Bárbara; Jujuy Bx
Dasypus yepesi “mulita”
4 Real de los Toros 770 Sta. Bárbara; Jujuy Bx
Esta especie fue reconocida por Vizcaíno (1995)
5 Islas Grandes 620 Sta. Bárbara; Jujuy Bx e incluye especímenes previamente asignados a D.
6 Puesto Nuevo 620 Sta. Bárbara; Jujuy Bx mazzai (Yepes, 1933; Cabrera, 1957; Olrog, 1976,
7 La Quinta 660 Sta. Bárbara; Jujuy Bx 1979), D. hybridus
hybridus, D. septemcinctus y D. novem-
cinctus (Wetzel y Mondolfi, 1979). Su distribución
8 Laguna San Miguel I 600 Sta. Bárbara; Jujuy Bx
está sólo confirmada para la región considerada
9 Laguna San miguel II 600 Sta. Bárbara; Jujuy Bx
en este trabajo. Se registraron 18 ejemplares, de
10 Laguna San Miguel III 600 Sta. Bárbara; Jujuy Bx los cuales 6 correspondieron al bosque xerófilo
11 El Palmar 600 Sta. Bárbara; Jujuy Bx (localidad 11, cinco ejemplares; y localidad 12, un
12 San Andrés 1800 Orán; Salta Bx ejemplar), dos al ecotono bosque xerófilo/selva de
transición (localidades 14 y 15), seis a la selva de
13 Arroyo Saladillo 770 Ledesma; Jujuy Bx
transición (cinco ejemplares en la localidad 17 y
14 Finca “La Mauricia” I 500 Ledesma; Jujuy Bx/St
uno en la 19), y los cinco restantes a la selva mon-
15 Finca “La Mauricia” II 500 Ledesma; Jujuy Bx/St tana (localidades 19, 22 y 23, un ejemplar en cada
16 Lapachal 640 Sta. Bárbara; Jujuy Bx/St una y localidad 28, dos ejemplares).
17 Finca “La Realidad” 440 Ledesma; Jujuy St
Discusión
18 El Oculto 700 Orán; Salta St
Otras especies mencionadas para la región no
19 El Caulario I 940 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm fueron registradas. Chaetophractus nationi fue
20 El Caulario II 940 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm citada para la puna argentina por Cabrera (1957).
21 Los Sauces 1300 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm Wetzel (1985) desestima la presencia en la región
22 El Alto 1200 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm de esta especie, a la que considera como una
probable subespecie de C. vellerosus. Estas especies
23 Normenta I 1090 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm
no fueron obtenidas por nosotros en las zonas de
24 Normenta II 1090 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm vegetación altoandina en las que teóricamente hab-
25 Arrayanal 1020 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm itarían, probablemente debido a su baja densidad
26 Rio Jordán 1500 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm y a que no existen asentamientos humanos esta-
27 Las Maromas 1100 Orán; Salta Sm
bles que puedan proveer material o información
sobre los armadillos de ese hábitat. Tampoco
28 Rio San Andrés 800 Orán; Salta Sm
se encontraron D. hybridus
hybridus, D. septemcinctus y
29 San Francisco 1560 Ledesma; Jujuy Bm/Bx
7
D. novemcinctus. Sin embargo, ejemplares de D. Agradecimientos
novemcinctus procedentes de Tabacal (Dto. de A Alejandro Brown, Alfredo Carlini y Diego
Orán, Salta) depositados en el Museo Argentino Verzi por su participación en las tareas de campo.
de Ciencias Naturales, señalan la posibilidad de la A los pobladores que facilitaron ejemplares e
presencia de esta especie en el área consideradada, información. Este trabajo fue subsidiado por el
fundamentalmente en el bosque xerófilo y su eco- pia-conicet 004-0349-87.
tono con la selva de transición.
Referencias
De las 4 especies encontradas, T. matacus es la que Brown, A. y Ramadori, E. 1988. Patrón de
muestra más claramente una asociación con un distribución, diversidad y características
hábitat en particular. Sólo se lo registró en ambi- ecológicas de especies arboreas de las selvas y
entes secos con vegetación de tipo xerófilo, en los bosques montanos del N.O. de la Argentina.
que representa el 53.5% de los armadillos captura- En: VI Congreso Forestal Argentino Tomo I:
dos por los los habitantes de esas zonas, desapare- 177-181. Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
ciendo abruptamente en áreas de más de 700 mm Cabrera, A. 1957. Catálogo de los mamíferos de
de precipitación anual. Esta correlación estrecha es América del Sur. I (Metatheria - Unguiculata
concordante con el tipo de ambiente dominante - Carnivora). Revista del Museo Argentino
en su área de distribución. Si bien se registraron de Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias Zoológicas 4,
tantas mulitas como quirquinchos, su patrón de 307pp.
aparición está bien diferenciado. D yepesi apareció Cabrera, A. L. 1976. Regiones fitogeográficas
desde las zonas bajas y secas correspondientes al argentinas. Enc. Arg. Agric. y Jard. 1(1): 1-85.
bosque xerófilo hasta los ambientes montañosos, Cabrera, A. y Willink, A. 1973. Biogeografía de
húmedos y selváticos de la selva montana, de América Latina. Programa Regional de Desar-
manera que aparenta tener una amplia tolerancia rollo Científico y Tecnológico, Departamento
en cuanto a sus requerimientos ambientales. E. de Asuntos Científicos, OEA. 120pp. Wash-
sexcinctus fue hallada en los mismos hábitats que ington, DC.
D. yepesi
yepesi, aunque con menor frecuencia. Carlini, A. y Vizcaíno, S. 1987. A new record
of the armadillo Chaetophractus vellerosus
No es posible inferir la relación entre C. vellerosus (Gray, 1865) (Mammalia, Dasypodidae) in
y su hábitat a partir de los datos obtenidos debido the Buenos Aires Province of Argentine: Possi-
al limitado número de ejemplares de que se dis- ble causes for the disjunt distribution. Studies
puso. Sin embargo, dado lo que se conoce de la on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 22(1):
distribución y la biología de esta especie, su pres- 53-56.
encia estable en la selva montana resulta dudosa, Olrog, C. C. 1976. Sobre mamíferos del noroeste
aunque no podría descartarse su ingreso por los Argentino. Acta Zoológica Lilloana, 32: 5-12.
valles de los grandes ríos como ocurre con numer- Olrog, C. C. 1976. Los mamíferos de la selva
osos elementos florísticos de origen chaqueño en húmeda, Cerro Calilegua, Jujuy. Acta Zoológica
el valle del Río San Fransisco (Brown y Ramadori, Lilloana 33: 9-14.
1988). Vizcaíno, S. F. 1995. Identificación específica
de las “mulitas”, género Dasypus L. (Mammalia,
Debido a que todos los armadillos son igualmente Dasypodidae), del noroeste argentino.
apreciados por los pobladores, quienes no señalan Descripción de una nueva especie.
una selectividad específica al momento de cazar- Mastozoología Neotropical 2(1): 5-13.
los, podría interpretarse que E. sexcinctus y C. vel- Wetzel, R. M. 1982. Systematics, distribution,
lerosus son las especies menos abundantes de las ecology and conservation of South American
cuatro halladas. edentates. Special Publication, Pymatuning

Laboratory of Ecology 6: 345-375. Linesville, Introducción
Pennsylvania. El tatú carreta (Priodontes
Priodontes maximus
maximus) se encuentra
Wetzel, R. M. 1985. Taxonomy and distribution en la Argentina en grave situación de peligro de
of armadillos, Dasypodidae. En: The Evo- extinción - amenazada a nivel nacional e interna-
lution and Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths and cional (Comité ad hoc SAREM, 1996, FUCEMA
Vermilinguas, G. G. Montgomery (ed.),
Vermilinguas et al
al., 1997, CITES Apéndice I) y en peligro
pp.23-46. Smithsonian Institution Press, (UICN, 1996). En la actualidad, los únicos reg-
Washington, DC. istros de la existencia de ejemplares de tatú car-
Wetzel, R. M. y Mondolfi, E. 1979. The sub- reta (Priodontes
Priodontes maximus
maximus) son obtenidos a través
genera and species of long-nosed armadillos de las capturas realizadas por pobladores locales
genus Dasypus En: Vertebrate Ecology in en el área de distribución de la especie. Si bien
the Northern Neotropics
Neotropics, J. F. Eisenberg no se han realizado estudios para confirmarlo, la
(ed.), pp.43-63. Smithsonian Institution Press, aparición de ejemplares de tatú carreta se debería
Washington, DC. fundamentalmente a la expansión de la frontera
Yepes, J. V. 1933. Una nueva especie de “mulita” agropecuaria y al uso intensivo del ambiente por
(Dasypodidae) para el norte argentino. Physis parte de la población local. Cuando se encuentran
11: 225-232. animales vivos, éstos están siendo utilizados como
mascotas en el ámbito local o capturados con la
intención de venderlos y obtener algún beneficio
Tatú carreta (Priodontes maximus) en económico. En cambio, cuando se encuentran los
Argentina caparazones, generalmente se trata de ejemplares
que fueron utilizados como alimento o ser exhi-
Gustavo Porini bido los mismos como trofeo. En este contexto de
Dirección de Fauna y Flora Silvestres, San Martín 459, falta de protección efectiva (a pesar de existir leyes
2º piso 232, (1004) Buenos Aires, Argentina. E mail:
que protegen a la especie. Varios ejemplares vivos
<gporini@sernah.gov.ar>.
fueron localizados, dos ejemplares fueron libera-
FIGURE 1. Priodontes maximus.
9
dos a su ambiente natural y varios caparazones de un macho de 154 cm de longitud total y 28
fueron hallados. kg de peso al momento de la captura (García J.,
1999). Presumiblemente, el ejemplar había sido
Nuevos Registros capturado para su posterior venta.
No existen registros sistematizados y publicados
de la especie acerca de su situación reciente, es El segundo ejemplar fue capturado en las cercanías
por ello que la presencia de indicios y datos de la localidad de Campo Gallo (provincia de San-
actuales tiene una gran importancia para su tiago del Estero), según información que me fuera
protección. En el transcurso de dos años se regis- suministrada personalmente. Se realizó una visita
traron dos ejemplares muertos en la provincia de al lugar de tenencia del animal. La familia que lo
Formosa y otros tres en la provincia de Chaco, mantenía en cautiverio pretendía retenerlo como
mientras que se capturaron 3 ejemplares vivos mascota en su vivienda. Luego de algunas con-
(uno de ellos ya liberado). versaciones con ellos, durante las cuales se les
explicó la problemática del tatú carreta, se efectúo
El primer ejemplar fue capturado por pobladores el traslado del ejemplar al Complejo Ecológico
rurales de la localidad de Frentones (Chaco) y Municipal de Sáenz Peña para su recuperación.
llevado el 23 de marzo de 1999 al Complejo Este ejemplar es una hembra de menor tamaño y
Ecológico de Roque Saenz Peña por personal del con un buen estado sanitario. No presentaba lesio-
mismo. Este ejemplar pasó varios días en cautive- nes externas de gravedad y en cuanto al estado
rio y según información recabada en el lugar, general, sólo presentaba una disminución de peso
se escapó de dos viviendas hasta su recaptura debida al cautiverio de aproximadamente 15 días.
final. Por este motivo presentaba lesiones (prin-
cipalmente en su caparazón) y un bajo peso cor- Ambos ejemplares están actualmente en recuper–
poral como consecuencia de una alimentación ación en el Complejo Ecológico de Roque Saenz
inadecuada. Trasladado al complejo mencionado, Peña (Provincia de Chaco) (ver foto).
el ejemplar se recuperó favorablemente. Se trata
FIGURE 2: Referencias Tatu Carreta (Priodontes maximus).

El tercer ejemplar, una hembra hallada el 3 de en el mes de octubre de 1998 se encontró un
agosto de 1999, por los dueños del predio, en la caparazón de un ejemplar cazado para consuno
zona de “La Pirámide” (limite entre las provincias y fueron avistados allí 2 ejemplares en el mes de
de Santiago del Estero y Chaco), fue trasladado febrero de 1999. (Orozco J., com. pers.).
al Zoológico de Roque Saenz Peña por personal
de la provincia. Después de 26 días, muere, como En la provincia de Chaco, en enero de 1999, en
consecuencia de las condiciones en las que ingresó la zona cercana a la reserva de Pampa del Indio,
(García J., com. pers.). se ha encontrado un caparazón de la especie pro-
ducto de una captura realizada por un poblador
El primer caso de liberación se trató de un ejem- de la zona para consumir su carne. A través de
plar de la especie producto de un decomiso real- señas particulares del ejemplar liberado se sabe
izado por organismos nacionales y provinciales que el caparazón no pertenece al mismo y que
de fauna y organizaciones no gubernamentales. por lo tanto se trataría de otro ejemplar captur-
Involucró a un ejemplar macho que se estaba ofer- ado (García J., com. pers.). En la misma provin-
tando para su venta. El ejemplar fue incautado cia, en el puesto “El Carmen” (abril de 1997) y
y luego liberado en los primeros días del mes de las cercanías del puesto “Brasil” (fines de 1998), se
mayo de 1993 en la Reserva Provincial Copo (hoy registraron dos ejemplares muertos para consumo.
Parque Nacional). Según información de los tra- Actualmente, en el primer puesto, el mismo caza-
bajadores rurales, este ejemplar se encuentra en la dor manifiesta haber visto indicios de un ejemplar.
zona, con patrones de desplazamientos coinciden- Personalmente registré en el mes de septiembre de
tes con los descritos por Carter, (1983). 1999, cuevas recientes en la zona de “La Pirámide”
en terrenos de propiedad privada.
El segundo caso consiste en un ejemplar hallado
en un tanque australiano abandonado en la zona Situación Actual y Acciones Recomendadas
rural de la localidad de Río Muerto (Provincia del La supervivencia de los ejemplares silvestres y lib-
Chaco). Una vez dada la noticia de su aparición erados depende de: a) Eliminar la presión de caza
por el dueño del campo, el ejemplar fue trasla- sobre la especie; b) La conservación del hábitat.
dado, primero al Centro Ecológico Municipal de
Roque Saenz Peña y dos días después fue liberado Presión de Caza
(en los primeros días del mes de octubre de 1998) La presión de caza sobre la especie se origina en
en el Parque Provincial Pampa del Indio. No se factores internos de la comunidad local y en facto-
realizan registros continuos de este ejemplar. Se res externos. Entre los primeros, cabe mencionar
han visto indicios de su presencia en la Reserva, se la caza de la especie para consumo de su carne.
han observado también fuera de ella, por lo que Razones culturales, la escasa capacidad económica
se cree que utiliza áreas adyacentes a la zona de de los pobladores locales constituyen un estimulo
reserva (guarda parques, com. pers.). para buscar nuevas fuentes de proteína animal
alternativa a las del ganado. No hay una caza
Ambos casos de liberación de ejemplares podría focalizada para consumo de su carne. Los ejem-
considerarse como una reconstitución de pobla- plares son cazados durante eventualmente durante
ciones según la definición de la UICN (1987). las recorridas en el monte. Otro factor interno es
el sentido de “status” que confiere al cazador exhi-
En la provincia de Formosa, en el mes de febrero bir un tatu carreta. Ese hecho simboliza y lo acred-
de 1999, la Gendarmería Nacional decomiso 2 ita al cazador con experiencia y baqueano en el
caparazones de Tatu carreta en la zona de San lugar. El principal factor externo es la difundida
Martín 2 en Colonia San Pablo (Comunicación y exagerada idea que los ejemplares de esta espe-
de Gendarmería Nacional). En Pozo El Mortero, cie tiene un alto valor en el mercado ilegal. Por
11
lo tanto, solamente, una parte de la población es aún, compuesta por 17.500 ha, ha sido creada
susceptible de verse involucrado en las capturas de por convenios entre organismos nacionales y
esta especie. Por lo tanto, es necesario poner en provinciales, con jurisdicción provincial. Actual-
marcha un plan de concientización local con el fin mente no posee personal permanente. Se prevé
de evitar nuevas capturas. Para ello se realizarán la incorporación de vigilancia y relevamiento de
recorridas por la zona y se repartirán folletos expli- la zona en un plazo de 1 año (R. Banchs, com.
cativos y un video a las escuelas de la comunidad. pers.).
Se trabajará con la población cercana a las reser-
vas de Pampa del Indio y Copo y en las zonas con Reserva Natural Formosa (Provincia de Formosa)
registros recientes. Gradualmente, se extenderán de 10.000 ha. de jurisdicción de Parques Naciona-
las tareas de concientización a toda el área de les y con un grado de protección insuficiente.
distribución de la especie, con el fin disminuir la
presión de caza por parte de los pobladores locales. Parque Nacional Chaco (Provincia de Chaco) de
Es importante explicar la situación critica de la 15.000 ha de jurisdicción de Parques Nacionales
especie y poner en relieve el carácter ilegal de la y un grado de protección aceptable. En estos dos
actividad y exacerbar el sentido de pertenencia de parques se tiene referencia histórica de presencia
la población respecto de esta especie. de ejemplares (Heinonen Fortabat S. y chebez.,
1997) pero no hay registros recientes.
Conservación de hábitats
La conservación del hábitat esta íntimamente rela- Reserva Teuquito (Provincia de Formosa) de
jurisdicción provincial, esta comprendida por
cionado con la tenencia de la tierra. Actualmente
14.960 ha. sin protección efectiva.
el régimen de tenencia de la tierra en el área
de distribución de la especie pueden sintetizarse
Áreas Privadas
en las siguientes formas: 1) Reservas o Parques:
Las áreas privadas presentan un aprovechamiento
de jurisdicción nacional o provincial; 2) Áreas
intensivo del suelo a través de la producción agro-
privadas; Areas fiscales con puestos (con terrenos
pecuaria. Esta se realiza con desmontes previos y
privados intercalados).
posterior siembra. Es en éste nivel socioeconómico
donde los cambios de hábitat se producen más
En el área de distribución de la especie se encuen- rápidamente, dado el poder de inversión de sus
tran las siguientes áreas de reserva: propietarios. Las únicas áreas de conservación de
hábitat surgen por inquietud privada a través de
Parque Provincial Pampa del Indio (Provincia de los denominados refugios. En estos, los propi-
Chaco) posee escasas 8.633 ha. Es de jurisdicción etarios se comprometen a conservar una parte
provincial y cuenta con un agente de manten- del hábitat y donde la caza esta prohibida. Con
imiento y vigilancia. extensiones que superan las 2.000 ha, pudiendo
albergar ejemplares de la especie. Esta posibilidad
Parque Nacional Copo (Provincia de Santiago del implica plazos más cortos que las reservas ya que
Estero) tiene una superficie de 114.250 ha. Este el futuro de las áreas depende básicamente del uso
Parque Nacional no posee guarda parques. Dentro posterior que los dueños decidan. Sin embargo,
de su territorio existen tres puesteros que desarrol- representan una alternativa importante, debido a
lan actividades agropecuarias. Debido a la falta de la posibilidad de expandir el área de protección de
personal de vigilancia, esta reserva funciona como la especie y no circunscribirnos a las escasas áreas
tierra fiscal en estos momentos. Se prevé que la protegidas. En la zona de distribución no existen
situación cambie en el corto plazo. refugios privados.
Reserva de Loros Habladores (Provincia de Chaco).
Esta Reserva de reciente creación sin relevamiento

Áreas Fiscales Con Puestos Los registros actuales de la especie están ubicados
Existen zonas donde se intercalan puestos dentro en áreas cercanas a cambios recientes del ambiente.
de terrenos fiscales y privados (minifundios), de Es por ello que se debe comenzarse simultánea-
200 a 2000 ha. Tanto en la provincia de Santiago mente estudios en áreas de distribución central
del Estero como en la provincia del Chaco, la ten- cuya información no presenta registros detallados
dencia a la colonización de tierras fiscales responde y cuya existencia se tiene por referencias. La
a una política de gobierno. En este proceso los búsqueda de ejemplares en su ambiente natural
puesteros tienen posibilidades (no económicas) de esta enfocada en realizar acciones rápidas y concre-
ser propietarios de las tierras en las cuales habitan. tas para la protección de la especie. De no ser así,
en un futuro cercano, la especie estará en el listado
Si bien son áreas donde no hay fuertes inversiones de las especies extinguidas de Argentina.
productivas, el impacto inicial sobre el ambiente
natural no es significativo, el proceso de degradación Referencias
se va produciendo paulatinamente. Esto es debido Argentina, Administración de Parques Nacionales.
a las necesidades de supervivencia del grupo famil- 1994. El sistema nacional de áreas naturales
iar. Así, se produce la extracción selectiva de protegidas de la Argentina. Diagnostico de su
madera, de superficie generalmente muy inferior a patrimonio natural y su desarrollo institucional.
la unidad ecológicamente sustentable. Inédito.
Carter, T. 1983. The burrows of giant armadillos.
Con el fin de obtener datos sobre el área de Priodontes maximus (Edentata: Dasypodidae).
acción de la especie para la región chaqueña, Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen 31: 47-53.
teniendo como base los estudios realizados por Carter, T. y Encarnação, C. D. 1983. Charac-
Carter (1983). Se propone realizar estudios con teristics and use of burrows by four species
radiotransmisores a los ejemplares localizados en of armadillos in Brazil. J. Mammal
Mammal. 64(1):
su ambiente natural. Estos estudios permitirán 47-53.
conocer el tamaño e identificar las áreas priori- Chébez, J. C. 1994. Los que se van. Especies argen-
tarias a proteger. Las experiencias realizadas con tinas en peligro. Albatros, Buenos Aires
ejemplares en cautiverio no resultan alentadoras. Comité ad hoc SAREM. 1996. Prioridades de
La totalidad de los ejemplares mantenidos en cau- conservación de los mamíferos de Argentina.
tiverio han muerto, la mayoría en un breve lapso Mastozoología Neotropical 3(1): 87-117.
y en ninguna oportunidad se obtuvieron crías en Garcia, F. J., Ojeda, R. A., Fraga, R. M., Diaz, G.
cautiverio. B. y Baigun, R. J. (eds). 1997. Libro Rojo de los
Mamíferos y Aves Amenazadas de la Argentina.
Es por ello que actualmente esta en estudio FUCEMA. Parques Nacionales, Buenos Aires,
la posibilidad realizar una reconstitución de los p.221.
ejemplares actualmente en cautiverio. El ejemplar García, J. 1999. Informe sobre el tatú carreta
macho presenta lesiones en la patas traseras y la ingresado al centro de recuperación del Com-
hembra posee una mansedumbre propia del cauti- plejo Ecológico Municipal de Sáenz Peña el
verio y su adaptabilidad. día 23 de marzo de 1999 (Informe interno).
Heinonen Fortabat, S. y Chebez, J. C. 1997. Los
Conclusiones mamíferos de los Parques Nacionales de la
En el marco de la situación descripta, los parques Argentina. Monografía Especial LOLA 14: 76.
y reservas naturales, así como las inexistentes reser- UICN. 1987. Posición de la UICN con respecto
vas privadas no permiten asegurar la protección a los desplazamientos de organismos vivos;
de una población mínima viable para la especie. Introducciones, reintroducciones y recons-
Las áreas son escasas, de reducido tamaño y sin titución de poblaciones. Gland, Suiza.
conexión, que no permiten la existencia de corre- UICN. 1995. Guías para Reintroducciones. Pre-
dores naturales. parado por el Grupo de Especialistas en Rein-
13
troducciones de la Comisión de Supervivencia
de Especies (UICN/SSC). Documento apro-
bado por la 41ª Reunión del Consejo de la
UICN. Mayo de 1995.
UICN. 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened
Animals. Gland, Suiza.
The Tatujeikurajoyava (Chlamyphorus retusus)

in the Izozog Communities of the Bolivian Gran
Chaco
Erika Cuéllar
Proyecto Kaa-Iya, Casilla 6272, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. E-mail:
<anoss@infonet.com.bo>. FIGURE 1: Tatujeikurajoyava, Chlamyphorus retusus.
The Gran Chaco is one of the largest biogeo-

graphic provinces in South America, covering one 300 km south-east of the city of Santa Cruz,
tries of Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia. Bolivia, between 19°50’ S, 62°43’W and 19°10’ S,
The largest expanses of dry neotropical forest are 62°31’W.
W. The altitude varies from 250 to 350 m
W
found there, a region of great importance for its above sea level. The mean annual rainfall is 550 mm
endemism of both plants and animals (Taber et and the mean annual temperature is 26°C. The
al., 1997; Redford et al
al al., 1990). The Bolivian wet season generally starts in December and ends
Gran Chaco contains large tracts of the best con- in March or April (Navarro, 1997). The vegeta-
served areas of the South American chaco biome tion of the area is generally defined as chacoan
(Taber et al
al., 1997). xeric woodland with variants according to soil
type (Taber et alal., 1997).
One of the endemic species of the dry chacoan eco-
system in Bolivia is Chlamyphorus retusus
retusus, locally Since 1995, the Izoceño indigenous people, the
known as “tatujeikurajoyava” or “culo tapado”. largest group of subsistence hunters in the Boliv-
The biology, ecology and local distribution of this ian Gran Chaco, have been implementing com-
species is unknown (Anderson, 1997), and there munity wildlife management programs focused
are no current efforts to study or protect the spe- on game species in an effort to ensure sustainable
cies in Bolivia (Ergueta and de Morales, 1996). exploitation. After ungulates, armadillos are the
second most hunted group (Noss, 1998). From
The Izozog area, biogeographically situated in 1996 to 2000, local hunters reported hunting
the Boreal Chaco Province (Navarro, 1997), lies more than 2000 armadillos of the five species:
TABLE 1. Body measurements and weights of four specimens of Chlamyphorus retusus.
Sex Head-Body Tail Hind-Foot Ear Weight

Length mm mm mm mm g
Female 132 33 28 5 84.2

Female 125 35 30 5 63.5
Male 145 36 30 6 86.9
(without viscera)
Male 135 35 30 5 71.0

food. The individual responded to the approach
of the observers by burying itself half way into the
ground. It was a bright pink and had strong claws,
and appeared to be in good health. The individual
was a female with the following measurements:
HB 135, T 35, HF 30, Ear 0.4, Wt 90 g.
C. retusus is considered a rare species even among

local people, probably due to its fossorial habits
and low population. It is mostly confined to the
FIGURE 2: Tatujeikurajoyava, Chlamyphorus retusus. more xeric portions of Bolivia, however the holo-
type came from the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
Dasypus novemcinctus
novemcinctus, Chaetophractus villosus
villosus, (Anderson, 1997). This suggests that the distribu-
Chaetophractus vellerosus
vellerosus, Tolypeutes matacus
matacus, and tion of C. retusus possibly extends to the north
Euphractus sexcinctus. During the same 4-year of the distribution normally described (Eisenberg
period, only eight individuals of Chlamyphorus and Redford, 1999), although there are no recent
retusus were reported (six were killed by local records from the vicinity of the city. As is the case
people and two were found by biologists). C. retu- in other parts of its range (Mares et al., 1989),
sus is not hunted for food but is killed whenever the future of C. retusus is uncertain in the Izozog
encountered, not only by hunters but also by area of the Bolivian Chaco. With well-protected
Izoceño women and children. This persecution areas and considerable amounts of land (3.5 mil-
results from the belief that Chlamyphorus retusus lion ha), the Kaa-Iya National Park should ensure
is an omen of bad luck, foretelling an impending the conservation of this species in the Bolivian
death in the family. This belief is deeply rooted in Gran Chaco.
adults and children alike.
Bibliography
The six individuals which were killed were donated Anderson, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia, taxon-
by the hunters and provide a unique source of omy and distribution. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
information about this rare species in the area. Hist. (231): 652pp.
They had been killed in or around communities Eisenberg, J. F. and Redford, K. H. 1999. Mam-
where the soil is compacted and surrounded by mals of the Neotropics. The Central Neotropics,
sand (i.e., communal football pitch, patios, or Vol. 3 Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil. The Uni-
houses). The animals were adults, and the mea- versity of Chicago Press, Chicago.
surements taken were from four specimens after Ergueta, P. and Morales de, C. 1996. Libro Rojo
fixing in formalin at 10% and alcohol at 70% de los Vertebrados de Bolivia. Centro de Datos
(Table 1). para la Conservación, La Paz.
Mares, M. A., Ojeda, R. A., and Barquez, R. M.
Despite the fact that biologists have been working 1989. Guide to the Mammals of Salta Prov-
in or near the Izozog communities, for four years, ince, Argentina. University of Oklahoma Press,
only two individuals of Chlamyphorus retusus have Norman.
been seen, measured, photographed and released Navarro, G. 1997. Contribución a la clasificación
(Miserendino and Saavedra, pers. comm.). One ecológica y florística de los bosques de Bolivia.
of these was observed in the permanent research Revista Boliviana de Ecología y Conservación
camp, 30 km away from the Izoceño communi- Ambiental 2: 3-37.
ties. It appeared in the camp at 22:00 hrs, scuttling Noss, A. 1998. El monitoreo de cacería en el
and sniffing its way along the ground, occasionally Izozog: Datos preliminares. Ecología en Bolivia,
making quick, shallow excavations in search of 31: 53-56.
15
Redford, K. H., Taber, A. and Simonetti, J. A. disjunct area may be even larger than previously
1990. There is more to biodiversity than trop- thought. The specimens collected were deposited
ical rain forest. Conserv. Biol. 4: 328-330. in the MPEG.
Taber, A., Navarro, G. and Arribas, M. A. 1997.
A new park in the Bolivian Gran Chaco, an The new localities in this region are (Fig. 1): 1.
advance in tropical dry forest conservation Fazenda Itapuã, AP-156 road, municipality of
and community-based management. Oryx 31: Amapá, 02o05’N, 50o55’W W (MPEG-26264); 2.
189-198. Fazenda Teimoso, AP-156 road, municipality
of Ferreira Gomes, 00o59’N, 51o11’W W (MPEG-
26262, 26263); 3. Porto Platon, 00o42’N,
51o57’W
W (MNRJ-23972); 4. Fazenda Parabrilho,
The Disjunct Geographical Distribution of the municipality of Itaubal, 00o46’N, 50o54’W
Yellow Armadillo, Euphractus sexcinctus (MPEG-26265).
(Xenarthra, Dasypodidae)
The first two localities are in Amazonian savanna
José de Sousa e Silva Júnior type vegetation, grassland with few shrubs and
Departamento de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, low trees (campo
campo cerrado
cerrado). Porto Platon is located
Caixa Postal 399, 66040-170 Belém, Pará, Brazil. in a forested area, but the specimen label does
Andrea Portela Nunes not contain information on mesohabitat. The
Departamento de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Fazenda Parabrilho is located in the contact zone
Caixa Postal 399, 66040-170 Belém, Pará, Brazil. between the campo cerrado and the floresta de terra
firme
rme, and the local physiognomy is of a disturbed
The geographic distribution of the yellow arma- “cerrado sensu stricto” (about 20 years ago), with
dillo (Euphractus
Euphractus sexcinctus
sexcinctus) appears to be disjunct. a high density of trees and shrubs.
According to Wetzel (1985a, 1985b) and Redford
and Wetzel (1985), the species occurs in north- The geographic distribution of E. sexcinctus is
eastern, middle-western, southeastern and south- being systematically surveyed in eastern Amazo-
ern Brazil, as well as adjacent areas of Bolivia, nia. The data presented here, together with the
Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. There is, how- 27 new localities in Maranhão (Silva Júnior et
ever, a small isolated occurrence in the frontier al., 2001), significantly reduce the size of the area
region between Brazil and Suriname, north from separating the two parts of the known geographic
the Rio Amazonas. Wetzel (1985a, 1985b) and distribution of this species.
Redford and Wetzel (1985) omitted these locali-
ties, although they were briefly described by Wetzel Further surveys are planned in eastern Pará to
(1985b) as “The Sipaliwini savanna and its con- determine if the separation is merely an artifact
tinuation as the Paru savanna in adjacent Pará”. of sampling. If the geographic distribution for E.
Wetzel (1985b) emphasized the need for further sexcinctus is continuous, it will also be necessary
surveys of the geographic distribution of E. sex- to determine if the species occurs in the primary
cinctus in the region of the lower Rio Amazonas. forests of the lower Rio Amazonas or if it is
restricted to the natural campos cerrados and
An examination of the mammal collection of campinas of Amapá, Marajó Archipelago and east-
the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG), the ern Pará, and areas of degraded forest.
Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro (MNRJ) and the Museu de Zoologia of Specimens examined
the Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), and the Specimens examined in the MPEG, MNRJ,
results of a faunistic inventory recently conducted and MZUSP for comparison: Euphractus sex-
in the Brazilian state of Amapá, suggest that the cinctus: Brazil: Amapá: Fazenda Itapuã, Amapá

FIGURE 1. New records of Euphractus sexcinctus mapped on the geographic distribution (disjunct part) proposed by Wetzel
(1985b) and Redford and Wetzel (1985): 1. Fazenda Itapuã, municipality of Amapá; 2. Fazenda Teimoso, municipality of
Ferreira Gomes; 3. Porto Platon; 4. Fazenda Parabrilho, municipality of Itaubal.
( -645=MPEG-26264); Fazenda Teimoso,

(AN Piratininga, Bacabal (MPEG-23298); Palmeiral,
Ferreira Gomes (AN-305, 306=MPEG-26262, Matões (MPEG-26260, 26261); Fazenda Varjão,
26263); Fazenda Parabrilho, Itaubal (AN-765= Pé-de-Coco, Estreito (MPEG-23161); São Pedro
MPEG-26265); Porto Platon (MNRJ-23972); dos Crentes, Estreito (MPEG-23163); Balsas,
Pará: Cachimbo, Formiga (MZUSP-8035); Rio Balsas (MPEG-23196, 23299); Ceará: Ipu
Maranhão: Barra do Corda (MZUSP-7989, (MPEG-590); Rio Grande Do Norte: Rio Grande
7990); Posto Indígena Awá, Reserva Indígena do Norte (MPEG-22515, 22592); Paraíba:
Caru (MPEG-22022); Boa Lembrança, Sítio Paraíba (MNRJ-24130); Pernambuco: Rio Branco
Novo (MPEG-23160); Cocal dos Amân- (MNRJ-1505); Bahia: Vitória da Conquista
cio, Arame (MPEG-23162); Fazenda mapisa, (MNRJ-26616); Bom Jesus da Lapa (MNRJ-4293,
Buriticupu (MPEG-26255, 26256); Alto Alegre, 4295); Senhor do Bonfim (MZUSP-2658, 3138);
Bacabal (MPEG-26257, 26258); São José das Ver- Santa Rita de Cássia, Ibipetuba (MZUSP-9973);
dades, Bacabal (MPEG-26259); Piratininga, Rio Tocantins: Palma (MNRJ-2373, 2375); Goiás:
17
Anápolis (MNRJ-4529, 4530, 4531, 4540, 4543, References
4732, 4973, 4976, 4977, 4979, 4980, 4986, Redford, K. H. and Wetzel, R. M. 1985. Euphrac-
4988, 4990, 4991, 4992, 4993, 4994, 4995, tus sexcinctus. Mammalian Species
Species, 252: 1-4.
4996, 4997, 4998, 4999, 5000, 5001, 5002, Silva Júnior, J. de S., Fernandes, M. E. B. and
5003, 23980); Caldas Novas (MNRJ-24003); Cerqueira, R. 2001. New records of the yel-
Mineiros (MNRJ-24475, 24476); Ponte do Ipê low-armadillo (Euphractus
Euphractus sexcinctus
sexcinctus) in the
Arcado, near to Catalão (MZUSP-2158); Mato state of Maranhão, Brazil (Xenarthra, Dasy-
Grosso: Chapada (MZUSP-94); Rondonópolis podidae). Edentata (4): 17-20
(MNRJ-43803); Fazenda Aricá, Rio Aricá Wetzel, R.M. 1985a. The identification and dis-
(MZUSP-6358, 6359); Dumbá (MZUSP-7030); tribution of recent Xenarthra (Edentata).
Poconé (MZUSP-9971); Descalvado (MZUSP- In: The Evolution and Ecology of Armadillos,
25593); Mato Grosso Do Sul: Maracaju Sloths and Vermilinguas
Vermilinguas, G. G. Montgomery
(MNRJ-4539, 4541, 4542, 4544, 4972, 4978, (ed.), pp.23-46. Smithsonian Institution Press,
4982); Corumbá (MZUSP-3891); Barra do Washington, DC.
Paredão, Rio Paraná (MZUSP-4561); Salobra Wetzel, R. M. 1985b. Taxonomy and distribu-
(MZUSP-9972); Três Lagoas, Rio Sucuriú tion of armadillos, Dasypodidae. In: The Evo-
(MZUSP-19968); Fazenda Barma, Brasilândia lution and Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths and
(MZUSP-28770); Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa Vermilinguas, G. G. Montgomery (ed.),
Vermilinguas
(MNRJ-23994); Bambuí (MZUSP-8313, 17296, pp.23-46. Smithsonian Institution Press,
17297); Araguari (MNRJ-24004); Lassance Washington, DC.
(MNRJ-43970); Mocambinho, Manga (MNRJ-
28890); Fazenda Santa Idália, Matias Cardoso,
Manga (MNRJ-29074); Ribeirão Bananal, Salinas New Records of the Yellow Armadillo (Euphractus
(MNRJ-42849, 42851, 42852); Passos (MNRJ- sexcinctus) in the State of Maranhão, Brazil
10052, 10103, 10111); Fazenda Carrapicho, (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae)
Passos (MNRJ-10047, 10048); São João do Glória,
Passos (MNRJ-10057, 10058, 10101, 10105, José de Sousa e Silva Júnior
10108, 10110, 10113, 10115); Fazenda Bananal, Departamento de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi,
Passos (MNRJ-10089); Fazenda Estiva, Passos Caixa Postal 399, 66040-170 Belém, Pará, Brazil.
(MNRJ-10098); Fazenda Cabuí, Mathias Bar- Marcus Emanoel Barroncas Fernandes
bosa (MNRJ-10060, 10069, 10083, 10104); Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington YO1
Pirapora (MZUSP-3074); Espírito Santo: Santa 5DD, England, UK
Teresa (MNRJ-5886, 5887); Rio De Janeiro: Rui Cerqueira
Fazenda da Lapa, Mangaratiba (MNRJ-10112); Laboratório de Vertebrados, Departamentos de Ecologia e de
Fazenda Três Barras, Bem Posta, Três Rios Genética, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa
(MNRJ-10080, 10096); Fazenda da Lapa, São Postal 68020, 21941-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
João Marcos (MNRJ-5645); São Paulo: Cajuru
(MZUSP-6614); Serra de Botucatu (MZUSP- Resumo
7697); Conchas (MZUSP-13735, 13799, 13802); A borda noroeste da área de distribuição geográ-
Bauru (MZUSP-495); Fanca (MZUSP-1099); fica de Euphractus sexcinctus é revista com base
Itararé (MZUSP-1143); Avanhandava (MZUSP- em novos pontos empíricos determinados para o
2844); Itatinga (MZUSP-6490); Echaporã estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Os novos registros
(MZUSP-18811); Rio Grande do Sul: Quinta, foram levantados através da coleta de espécimes,
Rio Grande (MZUSP-22187); São Lourenço observações diretas, entrevistas, e espécimes de
(MZUSP-341, 1005, 3892); Bolivia: Santa Cruz, museus. A espécie foi detectada em 27 locali-
Rio Pirahy, Prov. Cercado (MZUSP-5508). dades inseridas em 4 biomas. Nós registramos
o uso de uma grande variedade de mesohabitats

locais (alguns inéditos para o táxon). A área TABLE 1: New Localities for the occurrence of Euphractus.
de distribuição geográfica é ampliada para englo- Locality Biome References
bar todo o Maranhão, estabelecendo-se um novo
P. I. Awá, R. I. Caru Amazonia MPEG-22022
limite ao longo do rio Gurupí.
Boa Lembrança Amazonia MPEG-23160
Abstract Cocal dos Amâncio Amazonia MPEG-23162
The northwestern limits of the geographic distri- Buriticupu Amazonia MPEG-26255,26256
bution of Euphractus sexcintus were reviewed based Alto Alegre Zona dos Cocais MPEG-26257,26258
on new localities from the state of Maranhão,
S. José das Verdades Zona dos Cocais MPEG-26259
Brazil. The new records include collected speci-
mens, direct observations, interviews, and museum Piratininga Zona dos Cocais MPEG-23298
specimens. The species has been recorded in 27 Palmeiral Zona dos Cocais MPEG-26260,26261
localities, in four biomes. They appear to use a Barra do Corda Cerrado MZUSP-7989,7990
wide variety of local mesohabitats (some previ- S. Pedro dos Crentes Cerrado MPEG-23163
ously unknown for the taxon). The geographic Balsas Cerrado MPEG-23196,23299
distribution now encompasses all of Maranhão,
Fazenda Varjão Cerrado MPEG-23161
establishing a new limit to the range along the Rio
Gurupí.
Introduction Material and Methods

The geographic distribution of the yellow arma- The data were obtained from the mammal col-
dillo (Euphractus
Euphractus sexcinctus Linnaeus, 1758) has to lections of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
date been underestimated. Its range is poorly out- (MPEG) and Museu de Zoologia da Universidade
lined, especially in the northwest, for which no de São Paulo (MZUSP), and from collections and
localities for its occurrence have been have pub- observations in Maranhão ongoing since 1989
lished. Wetzel (1985a, 1985b) and Redford and (Tables 1 and 2). The specimens collected were
Wetzel (1985) described a disjunct distribution deposited in the MPEG (Table 1). The 27 new
for E. sexcinctus
sexcinctus, stating that it appears to occur records were plotted on the Wetzel (1985b) map
continuously throughout the north-east (east from for identification of the points which he proposed
the Rio Parnaíba), central-west, south-east and (Figures 1-A and 1-B). The geographic coordi-
south of Brazil, as well as adjacent regions of nates below refer to the underlined localities, it
Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina; and was not always possible to obtain the exact coordi-
in a small isolated area on the frontier region nates from the collection and observation points:
between Brazil and Suriname.
01. Posto Indígena Awá, Reserva Indígena Caru,
Wetzel (1985b) and Redford and Wetzel (1985) upper Rio Turiaçu (about 03º54’S, 46º35’W);
excluded eastern Amazonia from the distribution 02. Boa Lembrança, municipality of Sítio Novo
for E. sexcinctus due to a lack of records. The (05º52’S, 46º42’W); 03. Fazenda Varjão, Pé-de-
range was mapped using only known localities, a Coco, municipality of Estreito (06º32’S, 47º27,W);
procedure which frequently generates problems in 04. São Pedro dos Crentes, municipality of Estreito
mapping accurate distributions (Cerqueira, 1995). (about 06º14’S, 46º08’W); 05. Cocal dos Amân-
However, Wetzel (1985b) emphasized the need cio, municipality of Arame (04º42’S, 45º55’W);
for further research in the eastern Amazon basin. 06. near to Arame (04º42’S, 45º55’W); 07. near
Recently, Emmons and Feer (1990, 1997) repro- to Grajaú (05º49’S, 46º08’W); 08. Barra do Corda
duced the Redford and Wetzel (1985) map with- (05º30’S, 45º15’W); 09. mouth of the Rio Matão,
out any alterations. Here we record new localities right tributary of the Rio Balsas, municipality of
for E. sexcinctus in the state of Maranhão. Balsas (07º01’S, 46º56’W); 10. near to Balsas,
19
left bank of the Rio Balsas (07º31’S, 46º02’W); ity of Bacabal (about 04º57’S, 44º28’W); 20. near
11. Reserva Indígena Araribóia (about 04º57’S, to Lago Verde (04º04’S, 44º45’W); 21. Piratin-
45º47’W); 12. near to Buriticupu (04º14’S, inga, left bank of the Rio Piratininga, right tribu-
46º32’W); 13. Lago dos Rodrigues, municipality tary of the Rio Mearim, municipality of Bacabal
of Lago da Pedra (04º19’S, 45º08’W); 14. near (04º12’S, 44º35’W); 22. Praia do Açúcar, right
to Lago da Pedra (04º19’S, 45º08’W); 15. Rio bank of the Rio Pindaré, municipality of Santa
Estiva, left tributary of the Rio Mearim, munici- Inês (about 03º39’S, 45º22’W); 23. near to São
pality of Bacabal (about 04º12’S, 44º47’W); 16. Mateus (around 04º01’S, 44º27’W); 24. near to
Rio Bambu, left tributary of the Rio Mearim, Arari (03º28’S, 44º47’W); 25. Palmeiral, munici-
municipality of Bacabal (about 04º12’S, pality of Matões (about 03º40’S, 44º27’W); 26.
44º50’W); 17. Alto Alegre, municipality of Baca- Brejinho, municipality of Caxias (about 04º47’S,
bal (about 04º06’S, 44º57’W); 18. Fazenda Lagoa 42º50’W); 27. São Miguel, left bank of the Rio
Nova, municipality of Bacabal (about 04º04’S, Parnaíba (opposite to União, Piauí), municipality
44º58’W); 19. São José das Verdades, municipal- of Caxias (04º39’S, 43º36’W).
TABLE 2: Field data on Euphractus sexcinctus in the state of Maranhao.
Locality Biome Mesohabitat Observation Types

Palmeiral ZC 3, 4, 5 col, cap, tri
Arari ZC 2 cap, rel
São Mateus ZC 2, 3, 4 cap, rel
Praia do Açúcar AM/ZC 4 tri, rel
Alto Alegre ZC 2, 3, 4 col, cap, tri, rel
Fazenda Lagoa Nova ZC 1, 2, 4, 5 cap, tri, rel
São José das Verdades ZC 3, 5 col, tri, rel
Lago Verde ZC 2, 3, 4 rod, rel
Rio Bambu ZC 2, 3, 4 cap, tri, rel
Rio Estiva ZC 2, 3, 4 cap, tri, rod, rel
Piratininga ZC 2, 3, 4 col, cap, rod, rel
Lago da Pedra AM/ZC 5 Rod
Lago dos Rodrigues AM/ZC 4 Rod
Buriticupu AM 6 col, tri, rod
R. I. Araribóia AM 6 Cap
Arame AM 6 cap, rel
Grajaú AM 6 Rod
Rio Matão CE 8, 9 tri, rel
Balsas CE 8 col, cap, rel
Brejinho TR 7 Rel
São Miguel TR 7 cap, rel
Biomes: AM= “Amazônia Maranhense”; ZC= “Zona dos Cocais”; CE= “Cerrado”; TR= transitional area from the eastern side of the State.
Mesohabitat: 1= old orchard near to secondary forest associated with “babaçual”; 2= “babaçual” associated with pasture; 3= “babaçual” asso-
ciated with plantation; 4= “babaçual” associated with forest patches; 5= “babaçual” associated with secondary forest; 6= unflooded primary/
secondary forest; 7= “cerradão”; 8= “cerrado” sensu stricto with gallery forest; 9= plantation continuous with “babaçual” and gallery forest.
Type of observation: col= collected; cap= captured live or dead for consumption tri= observations along trails; rod= observations along primary or
secondary roads; rel= reports of local informants.

The information on habitat use was obtained Results
through observations along trails, primary and Of the 27 localities listed, eleven were confirmed
secondary roads, live or dead animals captured for with museum specimens (Table 1). Table 2 lists the
consumption, and from information from local localities resulting from our field work, along with
people. Field identification was facilitated by the the biome, mesohabitat, and type of observation
conspicuous phenotype of this species. The major- (collected, captured alive or dead for consumption,
ity of information gathered from local people was seen along trails or primary or secondary roads,
used to confirm records and as additional data and reported by local people). The large number of
about mesohabitat use by E.sexcinctus. records and habitats for E. sexcinctus in the “Zona
FIGURE 1.A. New localities for the occurrence of Euphractus sexcinctus; B. Area in main map; C. Distribution following
this paper.
21
dos Cocais” (Orbignya
Orbignya palm tree forest) is explica- The distributions proposed by Wetzel (1985b)
ble because of the longer time we spent there. and Redford and Wetzel (1985) for E. sexcinctus
presented some inconsistencies that were later
The localities surveyed are in four biomes, and reproduced by Emmons and Feer (1990, 1997).
the animals were sighted in a wide variety of Despite the emphasis of Emmons and Feer (1990,
local habitats. In the “Pré-Amazônia Maranhense” 1997) on the lack of knowledge about the species’
(Amazonian part of Maranhão) yellow-armadillos occurrence inside forests, they presented a map
used clearings, the border of primary/secondary encompassing the entire Atlantic Forest. The dis-
forest, and the interior of the unflooded sec- tributional limits they indicate around the state
ondary forest. In the “Zona dos Cocais” the of Maranhão are not congruent with the major
species was observed in a number of habitats river courses, differences in altitude, or biome,
including plantations in primary/secondary forest and there mesohabitats which are otherwise occu-
borders, plantations associated with “babaçual” pied by E. sexcinctus extending well beyond. The
(Orbignya clumps), “babaçual” associated with motility of E. sexcinctus
sexcinctus, makes it likely to occur
pasture, copses in different stages of regeneration, throughout. The spatial distribution of the 27
and secondary forest. The majority of observa- localities surveyed suggests that there are no phys-
tions was in “babaçual” associated with copses and ical barriers for E. sexcinctus even extending well
in areas of intense anthropic activity (pastures and into the state of Maranhão. Despite the lack of
plantations). In the Cerrado region of the south- information on the use of tall forest and coastal
ern part of the state, the armadillos were observed formations, the data suggests that all other land-
on the border between the “cerrado” sensu stricto scape types (and associated mesohabitats) can be
and the gallery forest of the Rios Balsas and Matão occupied by E. sexcinctus.
(with “babaçual” and stretches of plantations).
Oliveira (1993, 1995) recorded the species in Conclusions
the Parque Estadual de Mirador, located between The data presented here indicate that the geo-
the Rios Alpercatas and Itapecurú, also in Cerrado. graphic distribution of E. sexcinctus should include
Transitional vegetation predominates in the east- all of the state of Maranhão, enlarging consider-
ern side of the state, a mosaic of Orbignya, Cerrado ably that previously portrayed by Wetzel (1985b)
and Caatinga (xerophytic vegetation). A single and Redford and Wetzel (1985). The new north-
animal was captured in an area in “cerradão”. western border proposed, extends to the Rio
The information we obtained in almost all locali- Gurupí (Fig. 1c) but further surveys should be
ties inventoried suggested an indiscriminate use of carried out in eastern Pará, where, as in the
these habitats by E. sexcinctus. Marajó archipelago, there are mesohabitats similar
to those observed to the east in Maranhão.
Discussion
Data from available literature indicate that E. Acknowledgments
sexcintus is able to use a wide range of habitats. We are grateful to Mariana Moncassin Vale for her
According to Mares et al al. (1981), it supplants help in determining the geographic coordinates
the armadillos of the genus Dasypus. Mares et for many of the localities. Special thanks are due
al. (1981, 1985, 1989), Fonseca and Redford
al to Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino for reviewing the
(1984), Schaller (1983), Wetzel (1985a), Redford text. The Brazilian Institute for the Environment
and Wetzel (1985), Eisenberg (1989), Emmons (IBAMA) kindly provided permission to collect
and Feer (1990, 1997), Olmos (1995) and Brooks the specimens. Part of the work was carried out
(1995) all listed E. sexcinctus as occurring in many using grants from CNPq, FAPERJ, FUJB, PIE/
mesohabitat types of Cerrado, Caatinga, Chaco, CNPq and PROBIO.
and forest borders.

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Mares, M. A., Willig, M. R., Streilein, K. E. and Adriano G. Chiarello
Lacher, T. E. 1981. The mammals of north- Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil,
eastern Brazil: A preliminary assesment. Ann. 29650-000, e-mail: <bradypus@terra.com.br>
Carnegie Mus. 50: 81-137.
Mares, M. A., Willig, M. R. and Lacher, T. E., Jr. The Atlantic forest covered a significant part of
1985. The Brazilian caatinga in South Ameri- Brazil before the arrival of Europeans in the early
can zoogeography: Tropical mammals in a dry 1500s, but today is restricted to less than 10%
region. J. Biogeog. 12: 57-69. of its original extent in forest remnants scattered
Mares, M. A., Braun, J. K. and Gettinger, D. through biological reserves and private proper-
1989. Observations on the distribution and ties. As a consequence, many species now have
ecology of the mammals of the cerrado grass- severely reduced and fragmented populations, sig-
lands of Central Brazil. Ann. Carnegie Mus. nificantly increasing the chances of extinction due
58(1): 1-60. to demographic and environmental stochasticity
Oliveira, T. G. 1993. Observações preliminares and genetic deterioration. It is becoming increas-
sobre a fauna de mamíferos do Parque Estadual ingly necessary, therefore, to intervene in order to
de Mirador, Maranhão. Cad. Pesq. 9: 7-14. reduce these risks and improve the conservation
Oliveira, T. G. 1995. The Brazilian three-banded status of endangered species in this biodiversity
armadillo Tolypeutes tricinctus in Maranhão. “hotspot”.
Edentata (2): 18-19.
Olmos, F. 1995. Edentates in the caatinga of Serra One initiative has been carried out with maned
da Capivara National Park. Edentata 2: 16-17. sloths (Bradypus
Bradypus torquatus
torquatus), an Atlantic forest
Redford, K. H. 1994. The edentates of the Cer- endemic. This species was chosen because it is
rado. Edentata 1(1): 4-10. a poorly-known forest dweller that is threatened
Redford, K. H. and Wetzel, R. M. 1985. Euphrac- with extinction mainly due to habitat loss and
tus sexcinctus. Mammalian Species (252): 1-4. fragmentation. An ongoing experiment translo-
23
cating maned sloths found in the urban zone mated during the first year varied from 3 to 6 ha,
and neighborhoods of Santa Teresa, a small town but it is not known if the sloths continue to stay
located in the state of Espirito Santo, in southeast- in these home ranges for longer periods of time.
ern Brazil, was started in 1994. Maned sloths are We do not know if the marked preference the
found mostly during the rainy season (December- study animals show for some plant species (nota-
March), when dispersing individuals are seen wan- bly Micropholis venulosa, Sapotaceae) is repeated
dering through inhospitable habitats (pastures, in subsequent years, or is also exhibited by other
agriculture land, etc.), or happen to be found individuals released in other localities. It is essen-
crossing roads in or near to the urban zone of tial, therefore, to monitor additional individuals
the municipality. Captured animals are brought and to extend the observation period beyond the
to the local biology museum (Museu de Biologia first year after release in order to address these
Mello Leitão), where they are examined, weighed, issues.
measured, fitted with radio-collars and released
into protected forest reserves located in the region. The methods used in this project are the same that
Thus far the Santa Lúcia Biological Station (ca. have been used successfully since 1994 (Chiarello,
500 ha) and the São Lourenço Municipal Reserve 1998a, 1998b). During the sampling days study
(ca. 500 ha) have been selected as release sites. animals are observed continuously from dawn to
dusk, allowing an exact quantification of their
The radio-collared animals are then monitored main activities, ranging, and diet. These data are
twice a month by trained observers, who find then analyzed to study the capacity for adapta-
them in the forest and collect detailed data on tion to the translocation process, quantifying the
ranging, activity budgets, and diet. Since 1994, changes that occur in home range, movements,
five translocated adults have been monitored, but time allocated to main activities, and importance
thus far observations have been restricted to the of differing tree species as food sources. Interindi-
first year after release, not long enough to fully vual differences in activity budgets, day and night
ascertain the success of the experiment. Data range length, and home range are also compared.
from previous work showed that individuals differ
greatly in their space requirements, behavior and For species with strictly forest habitat and low
diet and, therefore, we now intend to collect addi- dispersion ability, as is typically exemplified by
tional data on other individuals as well as to pro- sloths, it is becoming increasingly necessary that
long observations beyond the initial period of we intervene to increase the chances of long-term
adaptation. survivorship and the loss of genetic diversity of
isolated populations. The results of this project
The project’s main objective is to study the survival will be relevant to the conservation of maned
of victims of deforestation and other anthropo- sloths as this will represent an experimental analy-
genic disturbances, when the animals are released sis of translocation, a management tool that can
back to larger, less disturbed forest tracts. It is also be used to help ameliorate the conservation
essential to collect field data from as many indi- status of other species and populations which are
viduals as possible, in order to know comprehen- isolated in Atlantic forest remnants. Additionally,
sively the species capacity for adaptation, as well the project will contribute to the better under-
as its real requirements of space, forest types, and standing of the natural history of this poorly
food sources. The once a year monitorings utilized known species, and provide data about its food,
till now have proved to be insufficient to conclude habitat, and space requirements. Projects of this
that maned sloths are amenable to such exper- nature are necessary to prevent or diminish the
iments, as they are long-lived and show much continuous deforestation and fragmentation of
individual variation in diet (Chiarello, 1998b), animal communities in remnants of this highly
activity budgets, and ranging patterns (Chiarello, diverse but greatly deforested biome (Chiarello,
1998a). For example, individual home ranges esti- 1997, 1999).

Literature Cited
New Specialist Groups
Chiarello, A. G. 1997. Mammalian community
and vegetation structure of Atlantic forest
fragments in south-eastern Brazil. Doctoral The SSC has several new Specialist Groups. The
thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Afrotheria Group, chaired by Galen Rathbun, was
U.K. created to cover the Superorder Afrotheria, which
Chiarello, A. G. 1998a. Activity budgets and includes aardvarks, hyrax, golden-moles, elephant-
ranging patterns of the Atlantic forest maned shrews and tenrecs. A Caribbean Inland Freshwa-
sloth, Bradypus torquatus (Xenarthra; Brad- ter Fishes Specialist Group was created as part of
ypodidae). J. Zool
Zool., 246(1): 1-10. an evolving SSC strategy for freshwater fish. Co-
Chiarello, A. G. 1998b. Diet of the Atlantic forest Chairs are Michael Smith and Carlos Rodriquez.
maned sloth, Bradypus torquatus (Xenarthra: The Global Amphibian Specialist Group, chaired
Bradypodidae). J. Zool., 246(1): 11-19. by Claude Gascon, will work towards developing
Chiarello, A. G. 1999. Effects of fragmentation a regionally-based network of amphibian special-
of the Atlantic forest on mammal communi- ists, using the model of SSC’s Sustainable Use
ties in South-eastern Brazil. Biol. Cons., 89: Specialist Group. The Iguana Specialist Group,
71-82.
formerly West Indian Iguana, has a new mandate
to cover all species. Allison Alberts continues as
Chair, with Jose Ottenwalder appointed as Co-
Chair. The first regionally-based Invertebrate Spe-
cialist Group, the Southern African Invertebrates
NEWS Specialist Group, has been established, chaired
by Michael Samways. A new Philippine Plant
Specialist Group, chaired by Domingo Madulid,
Edentate Conservation Action Fund will address the important issues relating to plant
diversity conservation in the Philippines. A list of
The Edentate Specialist Group of the Species Sur- all SSC Specialist Groups and Task Forces with
vival Commission (SSC) of The World Conserva- contact details, is available on the SSC website
tion Union (IUCN) has established a conservation at <www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/sgs/sgs.htm>. Infor-
action fund which will offer small grants to sup- mation from the IUCN Species Survival Com-
port studies and conservation initiatives related to
mission E-Bulletin - February 2001.
edentates. Financed by the Center for Applied Bio-
diversity Science at Conservation International,
based in Washington, DC, the grants offered
will be a maximum of US$3,000, with a typical Fauna and Flora International - The 100% Fund
amount given around US$1,000. The grant appli-
cation process is designed to have a fast turn Fauna and Flora International’s 100% Fund offers
around time. Those interested in submitting a unique approach to the funding of small-scale
a proposal should contact Jennifer Pervola, conservation projects focused on the protection
Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Con- of endangered species throughout the world. It is
servation International, 1919 M St., NW, Suite one of very few grant sources for this purpose,
600, Washington, DC, 20036, USA, e-mail: especially for applicants from developing coun-
<j.pervola@conservation.org.> tries. It was set up in 1971 to provide money very
quickly for urgent conservation action. Since then
the Fund has supported more than 570 projects
in over 120 countries. It provides grants to a
wide diversity of projects ranging from popula-
25
tion surveys of endangered animals and plants to
education campaigns, and covers a wide range of Lincoln Park Zoo Neotropic Fund
species, from partulid snails to gorillas. The fund
often favours projects where immediate action is The Lincoln Park Zoo Neotropic Fund supports
needed or where efforts are directed towards less field research in conservation biology throughout
popular species. Latin America and the Caribbean. The fund
emphasizes support of graduate students and other
The Fund is unique in that 100% of all dona- young researchers, particularly those from Latin
tions pass directly to conservation projects, with America. Since 1986, the fund has awarded over
no deductions for administration. Applications to 126 grants in 19 countries. Between five and
the 100% Fund are assessed by a committee of 15 projects are supported each year. Awards are
respected international conservationists. Projects seldom greater than US$7,500, and most awards
are selected on the basis of conservation impor- fall in the range of US$3,000-$6,000. Initial sup-
port is for up to 12 months from the date of
tance, sound scientific principles, cost effectiveness
award. Maximum duration of support is two
and local involvement. Reports on the progress
years. Deadline for receipt of Neotropic propos-
of the work must be submitted after six months
als is 1 September. For additional information
and at the end of a project. These are reviewed by
and application procedures see <www.lpzoo.com/
members of the conservation committee.
conservation>, e-mail <conservation@lpzoo.org>,
or write to: Lincoln Park Zoo Neotropic Fund,
Objectives of the 100% Fund include sponsoring
Department of Conservation and Science, Lin-
projects where conservation and research activities
coln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
enhance the chances of survival for some of the
world’s most endangered species; implementation
of small-scale projects for which funding is gener- IUCN/SSC Wildlife Trade Programme
ally not available from any other source, especially
for people applying from developing countries; the The goal of the IUCN/SSC Wildlife Trade Pro-
collection of information essential to the develop- gramme is to promote the conservation of wild
ment of species action plans and IUCN listings, species subject to trade by assessing the effect of
and from training opportunities provided to local trade on the status of species and generating rec-
peoples. Many 100% Fund projects involve an ommendations and conservation strategies.
educational component, generating environmen-
tal awareness in local communities and providing The work of IUCN’S Species Survival Commis-
grant recipients the benefit for personal devel- sion (SSC) on the status of wild species involved
opment and skill-sharing by working alongside in trade started over 10 years ago. The programme
local people. The 100% fund is also an important ran initially under the auspices of the Trade Spe-
mechanism for training young conservationists, cialist Group, established to enhance the SSC’s
many early recipients have since risen to promi- scientific input to CITES (Convention on Inter-
nent positions in the conservation world. national Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora), and
later as the Wildlife Trade Programme, coordi-
For donations to the fund or applications for nated by the SSC Secretariat. Gradually, the focus
grants, contact: Fauna and Flora International, has broadened to encompass a wide range of trade
Great Eastern House, Tenison Road, Cambridge issues. A major focus has been to identify species
CB1 2DT, UK, Tel: +44 (0)1223 571000, Fax: threatened by trade and to recommend actions to
+44 (0)1223 461481, e-mail: <info@ffint.org>. address these threats. This has involved working
Web site: <www.wcmc.org.uk/ffi>. with Specialist Groups to monitor the status of
species in trade and prioritise certain species for
conservation action. Information is then relayed

to decision makers within the international con- identified.
servation community. The programme has, there- • Provide general assistance to the CITES
fore, acted as a two-way process, encouraging the Secretariat and Parties between the meetings of
exchange of information between scientists and the Conference of Parties (COP).
policy-makers. • Provide specific assistance to the Parties for
the meetings of the COP by publishing: CITES:CITES
The Wildlife Trade Programme works in collabo- A Conservation Tool, A Guide to Amending the
ration with its partner organisations, the TRAF- Appendices to CITES.
CITES This publication provides
FIC Network and WCMC (World Conservation guidance through the Convention’s articles and
Monitoring Centre). SSC formally recognises resolutions governing the submission, presentation
TRAFFIC as its primary source of expertise on and adoption of proposals to amend the
trade data, and TRAFFIC recognises SSC as its appendices.
primary source of expertise on the biological • The analyses of proposals to amend the CITES
status of species involved in trade. By combining appendices, produced in collaboration with the
the data produced by the two organisations, the TRAFFIC Network, providing an independent
impact of trade on wild species can be assessed. assessment of the information provided in the
proposals.
The Programmes objectives are as follows: 1) To • Support the CITES significant trade process
identify situations where trade in wild species by identifying species subject to ‘significant’ levels
appears unsustainable or detrimentally affects the of trade and development of conservation and
status of non target species; 2) To focus on gaps management programmes for species in trade in
in knowledge on the biology and status of species their country of origin.
in trade; 3) To develop and promote those actions • Assist CITES parties to review and, where it
and/or mechanisms necessary to ensure the con- is necessary, to strengthen the capacities of their
servation of species detrimentally affected by scientific authorities to undertake the monitoring
trade; 4) To ensure that the SSC’s expertise is used and assessment procedures for wild species in trade.
to influence the decisions of CITES and other rel- • Contribute to policy documents, e.g., CITES
evant agreements; 5) To provide scientific support Guidelines for the Disposition of Confiscated
and capacity building to the Parties to CITES Specimens IUCN Re-introduction Guidelines and
Specimens,
(and other relevant international agreements) IUCN Guidelines for the Prevention of Biodiversity
in implementing conventions at national and Loss due to Biological Invasion.
regional levels and; 6) To increase understand-
ing about CITES and other relevant agreements The Wildlife Trade Programme aims to expand
within the SSC network. its work in three theme areas of particular con-
servation concern: trees, marine organisms, and
Priority Action medicinal plants and animals. The SSC tree net-
• Identify a focal point for trade issues in each works are being further developed in conjunction
taxonomic Specialist Group to ensure that ssc with WCMC. Further emphasis is being placed
can provide high-quality information to policy on marine organisms. The Medicinal Plant Spe-
makers. cialist Group is very active and a number of
• Support for Specialist Group Action Planning medicinal issues are of concern to animal Special-
to identify species affected by trade which may be ist Groups as well.
of conservation concern
• Determine where further information is needed Further information is available from:
on these species and stimulate the information IUCN The World Conservation Union:
collection. <www.iucn.org>
• Work with interested parties to promote IUCN Species Survival Commission:
appropriate conservation action for species
27
<www.iucn.org/themes/ssc>
IUCN/SSC Wildlife Trade Programme:
<www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/programs>
Alwyn Gentry’s Projects Continue at Missouri
TRAFFIC Network:
Botanical Garden
<www.traffic.org>
Botanist Alwyn Gentry died tragically in a plane
Convention on International Trade in Endangered
crash on 3 August 1993 in western Ecuador. The
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora:
Missouri Botanical Garden is, however, continu-
<www.wcmc.org.uk/CITES>
ing his project on the study of the floristic diver-
sity of the world’s tropical forests. Gentry and his
Information on CITES, list of parties, informa-
collaborators had surveyed nearly 250 sites on six
tion on the meetings of the Conference of the
continents, establishing and collecting data from
Parties, text of the convention, appendices, res-
0.1 ha transects. A review of these studies has been
ervations, resolutions and information on publi-
compiled by James Miller, Oliver Phillips, and
cations are available at the World Conservation
Nancy Hediger, and the raw data is available on the
Monitoring Centre: <www.wcmc.org.uk>, or con-
Garden’s web site: <www.mobot.org/MOBOT/
tact the Wildlife Trade Programme directly at
research/applied research/gentry.html>. The data
IUCN/SSC Wildlife Trade Programme, 219c
for each site are being analyzed, and a volume
Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 ODL, UK,
summarizing the results will be published by the
Tel: +44 (0)1223 277966, Fax: +44 (0)1223
MBG. In addition to summarizing the transect
277845, e-mail: <iucn-ssc@wcmc.org.uk>.
data, the book will review the historical develop-
ment of Gentry’s ecological studies, the methods
by which the date were collected, and their sig-
Reorganização da Coleção de Xenarthra do nificance in contributing to our understanding of
Museu Nacional global patterns of plant diversity. Missouri Botan-
ical Garden, Tel: 314 577 5169, Fax: 314 577
Foi concluída a revisão e a reorganização do mate- 0830. From: Tropinet
Tropinet, 10(3), September 1999.
rial pertencente a Ordem Xenarthra, depositado
no Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do
Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ). Até dezembro de 1997, a Canopy Citations Database
coleção era composta de 709 espécimes, assim dis-
tribuídos: Bradypus torquatus (15), Bradypus tri- The Canopy Citations Database is now available
dactylus (20), Bradypus variegatus (82), Choloepus on the World Wide Web. It contains over 1,300
didactylus (40), Cabassous unicinctus (11), Cabas- citations regarding canopy ecology. Search for
sous tatouay (19), Chaetophractus villosus (3), Das- authors, titles, dates, journals, keywords or words
ypus hybridus (4), Dasypus kappleri (4), Dasypus within an abstract. Web site: <www.evergreen.edu/
septemcinctus (17), Dasypus novemcinctus (190), canopycitations>.
Euphractus sexcinctus (113), Priodontes maximus
(12), Tolypeutes matacus (1), Tolypeutes tricinctus
(14), Zaedyus pichiy (1), Cyclopes didactylus (27), The International Foundation for Science
Myrmecophaga tridactyla (30) e Tamandua tetra-
dactyla (106). Mandated to promote high quality reseach on the
management, use, and conservation of biological
Sérgio Maia Vaz, Museu Nacional, Seção de resources and their enviornment, the International
Mamíferos, Quinta da Boa Vista, S. Cristóvão, Foundation for Science provides small research
Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. grants to scientists in and from a developing
country or those employed in a developing coun-

try institution. For further information contact:
Grev Turegatan 19, 114 38 Stockholm, Sweden,
Tel: (46) 8 545 818 00, e-mail: <info@ifs.se>.
RECENT PUBLICATIONS
2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Fundação Biodiversitas – IUCN Brazil and an
Address Change The 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Species,
2000, 61pp, + CD-ROM, was launched on the
The Fundação Biodiversitas, President Aspásia
28th September 2000, in London, Washington,
Camargo, Director Luiz Carlos Cardoso Vale, took
Geneva, and Ottawa. It was compiled by Craig
over the coordination of the Brazilian Commit-
Hilton-Taylor, with the assistance of Caroline
tee of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) in
Pollock, Matthew Linkie, Alan Mauric, Janice
February 2000. This decision was ratified during
Long, Mariano Gimenez-Dixon, Simon Stuart,
the last meeting of the Committee, 13-14 April
Alison Stattersfield, Martin Sneary, and Georgina
2000, at the Salto Morato Natural Reserve in
M. Mace, in association with experts in the
Paraná.
IUCN/SSC Species Survival Commission special-
ist groups and BirdLife International. Includes a
The Fundação has changed its address. The
foreword by David Brackett, Chair of the IUCN
new address of the Fundação Biodiversitas is:
Species Survival Commission, and an introduc-
Rua Ludgero Dolabela 1012, 7o. Andar,
tory essay “A challenge to the global community”
30430-130 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil,
by Russell A. Mittermeier, President of Conserva-
Tel: (0)31 292 8235, Fax: (0)31 291 7658,
tion International and Chairman of the Primate
e-mail: <biodiversitas@biodiversitas.org>. Home
Specialist Group. Seven annexes: 1. Recent devel-
page: <www.biodiversitas.org>.
opments in the IUCN/SSC Red List Programme;
2. Organization of information; 3. Information
sources and quality; 4. Habitat types authority
IUCN/SSC Re-Introduction Specialist Group file; 5. Threat types authority file; 6. The 1994
Chairman and Address Change IUCN Red List categories and criteria; 7. Sum-
mary of the results of the review of IUCN Red
The IUCN/SSC Re-Introduction Specialist Group List categories and criteria 1996-2000 (Georgina
office has moved from Nairobi, Kenya to Abu M. Mace). There are a number of innovations
Dhabi, United Arab Emirates with chairman Dr. introduced to enhance the effectiveness of the List
Mark Stanley-Price being replaced by Dr. Fred- as a conservation tool. Improved species coverage
coverage:
eric Launay, head of the National Avian Research All bird species have been completely reassessed
Center, Environmental Research and Wildlife by BirdLife International and its partners; all pri-
Development Agency. mates have been reassessed following a consul-
tative review workshop on primate systematics
The new contact details for the Re-Introduction (see Neotropical Primates 8(2), pp.61-93); many
group are: Pritpal S. Soorae, Senior Conservation other mammals, including antelope, bats, ceta-
Officer, IUCN/SSC Re-Introduction Specialist ceans, otters, wild pigs, wild cattle and wild
Group, Environmental Research and Wildlife goats, and some rodents were reassessed; improved
Development Agency, P.O. Box 45553, Abu coverage of sharks, rays and saw-fish; all South-
Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Tel: (D/L) 971 2 east Asian freswater turtles were comprehensively
693 4506 or 693 4628. Fax: 971 2 693 4628. assessed; a number of new reptile and amphibian
E-mail: <psoorae@erwda.gov.ae>. assessments from Brazil, the Philippines, Russian
Federation and the Russian Republics were carried
out; the correction of some insect information
29
and the addition of a number of new European <cmc@hq.iucn.org>, WWW: <http://iucn.org>.
butterfly assessments; correction of errors in the US and Canadian customers may also order
mollusc listings in the 1996 Red ListList, a thorough IUCN publications from: Island Press, Box 7,
re-evaluation of all potentially extinct species of Covelo, California 95428, Tel: 800 828 1302
mollusc and the inclusion of a number of new or +1 707 983 6432, Fax: +1 707 983 6414,
assessments; all the tree assessments from The e-mail: <ipress@igc.apc.org>. For publications out
World List of Threatened Trees (Oldfield et al al., of print, photocopies can be obtained from the
1998) were incorporated and updated where nec- IUCN Library at IUCN-The World Conserva-
essary; all conifers were comprehensively reas- tion Union, rue Mauverney 28, CH-1196 Gland,
sessed; and new assessments for plants from Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 999 0135, Fax: +41
Cameroon, Galápagos, Mauritius and South Africa 22 999 0010; e-mail: <cet@hq.iucn.org>. As the
were included, as were comprehensive assessments price varies, depending on the number of pages
for the carnivorous plant genera Nepenthes and to photocopy and where they are to be mailed,
Sarracenia, and for the first time almost 100 assess- please contact Ms Cecile Thiery with your request.
ments of mosses were included. Peer review pro- Please specify if you wish for a copy of the full
cess: carried out by the appointment of Red List publication or just part of it, as well as your mail-
Authorities responsible for the evaluation of all ing address.
assessments on the Red List to help ensure the
maintenance of standards and the correct appli-
cation of the criteria. Improved documentation: A Fauna Ameaçada de Extinção do Estado do Rio
with the inclusion of a rationale for many listings de Janeiro
explaining how they were reached to improve
accountability; provision of information on range, A Fauna Ameaçada de Extinção do Estado do Rio de
current population trends, main habitats, major Janeiro, compiled by Helena de Godoy Bergallo,
threats and conservation measures taken; and Carlos Frederico Duarte da Rocha, Maria Alice
improved documentation of extinct species. Intro- dos Santos Alves and Monique van Sluys. 2000,
duction of a petitions process: whereby listings can 168pp. Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio
challenged. Increased accessibility: via a new web de Janeiro (EDUERJ), Rio de Janeiro. ISBN 85
site and a CD-ROM. The web site provides a 85881-92 5. The Red List of threatened animals
mechanism whereby users can feed corrections and for the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Chapter
additional information back to the Red List Pro- 10 (pages 125-135) dealing with the mammals,
gramme. The web site is: <http://www.iucn.org/ WAS compiled by Helena de Godoy Bergallo,
redlist/2000/index.html>. Lena Geise, Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino, Rui
Cerqueira, Paula S. D’Andrea, Carlos Eduardo
The 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Esberárd, Fernando A. S. Fernandez, Carlos
(Book with analysis and CD-ROM) is available Eduardo Grelle, Adriano Peracchi, Salvatore
only in English. Price: £30 or US$45 at: IUCN Siciliano and Sérgio Maia Vaz. The following
Publication Services Unit, 219c Huntingdon species of edentates were listed: Giant anteater,
Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK, Tel: +44 Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Probably Extinct),
1223 277894, Fax: +44 1223 277175, e-mail: maned sloth, Bradypus torquatus (Endangered),
<info@books.iucn.org>, or order it through and giant armadillo, Priodontes maximus (Criti-
the Net at: <http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/ cally Endangered). Cabassous tatouay and Dasypus
index.html>. The above is the preferred address, it septemcinctus were listed as “Presumed Threat-
can also be ordered at the IUCN Publishing Divi- ened”. Overall, of 176 mammals considered for
sion, IUCN-The World Conservation Union, rue the state, 43 (24.4%) are listed as threatened, and
Mauverney 28, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland, Tel: a further 34 (19.3%) as presumed threatened.
+41 22 999-0111, Fax: +41 22 999-0010, e-mail: Available from: Editora da Universidade do Estado

do Rio de Janeiro (EDUERJ), Rua São Francisco ests, R. A. Medellín, M. Equiha and M. A. Amin,
Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 2.0550-013, pp.1666-1675; Effects of land-cover changes on
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Tel/Fax: +(0)21 587 7788, mammals in a Neotropical region: A modeling
587 7789. approach, A. D. Cuarón, pp.1676-1692; Bat and
bird-generated seed rains at isolated trees in pas-
tures in tropical rainforest, J. Galindo-González,
Conservation Biology – Special Section on S. Guevara and V. J. Sosa, pp.1693-1703.
Habitat Disturbance
The December 2000 issue, Vol. 14(6), of Con- Hunting and Biodiversity Conservation, and
servation Biology
Biology, the Journal of the Society for Tropical Forest Management–Two Publications
Conservation Biology, has a special section with
12 articles devoted to the theme “Habitat Dis- In September 2000, The World Bank in collab-
turbance and Tropical Rainforest Mammals”, oration with the Wildlife Conservation Society
put together by the Guest Editor Alfredo D. (WCS), New York, published two important doc-
Cuarón of the Departamento de Ecología de los
uments on hunting and biodiversity conservation.
Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Uni-
They are monographs in the Biodiversity Series –
versidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Micho-
Impact Studies, Environment Department Papers.
acán, México. It includes the following papers:
The first, “Biodiversity Conservation in the Con-
A global perspective on habitat disturbance and
tropical rainforest mammals, A. D. Cuarón, text of Tropical Forest Management” by Francis
pp.1574-1579; Monitoring mammal populations E. Putz, Kent H. Redford, John G. Robinson,
in Costa Rican protected areas under differing Robert Fimbel and Geoffrey M. Blate, 80pp.,
hunting restrictions, E. Carrillo, G. Wong and A. has six chapters, as follows: 1. Introduction; 2.
D. Cuarón, pp.1580-1591; Habitat mosaic, wild- Disaggregating “Biodiversity”; 3. Disaggregating
life availability, and hunting in the tropical forest of “Logging”; 4. Impacts of Forest Management on
Calakmul, Mexico, A. Escamilla, M. Sanvicente, Biodiversity; 5. Overview of Biodiversity Conser-
M. Sosa and C. Galindo-Leal, pp.1592-1601; vation in Relation to Logging and Other Silvicul-
Bushmeat markets on Bioko Island as a measure tural Treatments; 6. Recommendations. There are
of hunting pressure, J. E. Fa, J. E. Garcia Yuste seven appendices. The second, “Hunting of Wild-
and Ramon Castelo, pp.1602-1613; Roads, devel- life in Tropical Forests: Implications for Bio-
opment, and conservation in the Congo basin, diversity and Forest Peoples”, by Elizabeth L.
D. Wilkie, E. Shae, F. Rotberg, G. Morelli and P. Bennett and John G. Robinson, 42pp., is based
Auzel, pp.1614-1622; Influence of timber extrac- on the book recently published by the same
tion routes on Central African small-mammal authors, Hunting for Sustainability in Tropical For-
communities, forest structure, and tree diversity, ests, Columbia University Press, New York, 2000.
ests
J. R. Malcom and J. C. Ray, pp.1623-1638; Besides an executive summary, it has five chap-
Effects of habitat disturbance and protected areas ters: 1. Introduction; 2. The Sustainability of
on mammals of Peninsular Malaysia, R. K. Hunting in Tropical Forests; 3. Factors Affecting
Laidlaw, pp.1639-1648; Density and population the Sustainability of Hunting; 4. Enhancing the
size of mammals in remnants of Brazilian Sustainability of Hunting; 5. Conclusions and
Atlantic forest, A. G. Chiarello, pp.1649-1657; Recommendations. Copies are available from:
Effects of human colonization on the abun-
Environment Department, The World Bank, 1818
dance and diversity of mammals in eastern Bra-
H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA,
zilian Amazonia, M. A. Lopes and S. F. Ferrari,
Tel: +1 202 473-3641, Fax: +1 202 477 0565.
pp.1658-1665; Bat diversity and abundance as
indicators of disturbance in Neotropical rainfor-
31
References Numbers in Context (graphs, charts and tables
Putz, F. E., Redford, K. H., Robinson, J. G., and other data with minimal text to give readers a
Fimbel, R. and Blate, G. M. 2000. Biodiver- quick accessible way to graps conservation trends);
sity conservation in the context of tropical and Resources (book reviews, web sites and other
forest management. Biodiversity Series – Impact sources of practical conservation information).
Studies, Environment Department Papers 75: The editors welcome articles that reflect clear and
80pp. The World Bank, Washington, DC. innovative thinking, ideas that can be translated
Bennett, E. L. and Robinson, J. G. 2000. Hunt- into management action, and outstanding, jar-
ing of wildlife in tropical forests: Implications gon-free writing. Manuscript outlines (sugges-
for biodiversity and forest peoples Biodiversity tions) and texts can be sent to: Conservation
Series – Impact Studies, Environment Depart- Biology in Practice, Department of Zoology, Box
ment Papers 76: 42pp. The World Bank, Wash- 351800, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
ington, DC. 98195-1800, USA, Tel: 206 685-4724; Fax: 206
221-7839, e-mail: <kkohm@u.washington.edu>.
It is published quarterly, and subscription rates
Publicações Avulsas do Instituto Pau Brasil de are as follows: US$30 in the USA, US$35 for
História Natural Canada and Mexico, and US$40 overseas. Institu-
tion rates: US$75 in the USA, US$80 for Canada
The new official journal of Instituto Pau Brasil and Mexico, and US$85 overseas. Write to: Jour-
de História Natural (IPBHN), Director Dr. Paulo nal Subscription Department, Blackwell Science,
Auricchio, focuses on various themes in natural Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA.
history, including Biology, Zoology, Botany, and
Ecology and gives special emphasis to Environ-
mental Education. Manuscripts can be sent in Phenology and Seasonality
Portuguese, Spanish and English. The main objec-
tive of the IPBHN is to divulge scientific studies The journal Phenology and Seasonality is published
as the first step to understanding the world quarterly by SBP Academic Publishing, Amster-
we live in and promote the preservation of its dam and New York. The first issue came out in
biodiversity and natural ecosystems. For sub- the fall of 1996. The Editor-in-Chief is Helmut
scriptions to Publicações Avulsas (three issues are Lieth, University of Osnabruek, and the Execu-
already available) please visit the home page tive Editor is Frank-M. Chmielewski, Humboldt
<bulletin@institutopaubrasil.org.br> or write to University of Berlin. The purpose of Phenology
IPBHN (Revista), c/o Ana Maria de Souza and Seasonality
Seasonality, the first international journal on
(Editor), Caixa Postal 282, Arujá 07400-970, Sao this discipline, is to provide a worldwide basis for
Paulo, Brazil. communication among scientists who deal with
phenological observations. Topics covered include:
National and international activities in the area
Conservation Biology In Practice of phenology and seasonality; annual cycles in the
atmosphere, hydrosphere, and in the soil; investi-
Blackwell Science has launched a new magazine – gations of impacts of climatological or other fac-
Conservation Biology in Practice
Practice. It is designed for tors on phenological events; impact of climate
people who are short on time but long on infor- variations and climatic changes on seasonal events;
mation needs. It includes the following sections: annual growth patterns of plants and develop-
Reviews; Features (new information and thought ment patterns of animals; seasonal and diurnal
provoking concepts and practices); Case studies behaviour of animals; periodicity of pests and dis-
(successes, failiures and lessons to be learned, new eases; linkage of remotely-sensed information to
approaches and strategies); Tools and Techniques; phenological data; and development of season-

ally-forced models (statistical and process-based). do Sistema de Unidades de Conservação (1998,
Annual subscriptions: Institutional DFL120 or 65pp., in Portuguese), was written by Anthony
US$159; Individual-DFL120.00 or US$75. For B. Rylands and Luiz Paulo de S. Pinto, both of
more information: SPB Academic Publishing, Conservation International. It contains an analy-
P. O. Box 11188, 1001 GD Amsterdam, The sis of the protected areas system in the Brazilian
Netherlands, Fax: +31 20 638 0524, e-mail: Amazon and includes the following chapters: 1)
<kugler@pi.net>, or c/o Demos Vernande, Order Introduction; 2) History and evolution of the pro-
Department, 386 Park Avenue South, Suite 201, tected areas system in the Brazilian Amazon; 3)
New York, NY 10016, USA, Fax: +1 212 683 Bases for planning a protected areas system in
0118. the Brazilian Amazon; 4) Current situation of the
protected areas; 5) Protected areas and biodiver-
sity conservation in the Brazilian Amazon.
Regional Environmental Change - A New Journal
The second volume of Cadernos FBDS publishes
In 1999, the Dutch publishers Springer launched the proceedings of the Workshop: Forest Policies
a new quarterly journal, Regional Environmental and Sustainable Development in the Amazon (1998,
Change, ISSN 1436-3798. The aim is to focus
Change 159pp., in Portuguese and English), organized by
on the interactions of human and natural systems FBDS in collaboration with the United Nations
at the regional level within the context of global Development Program (UNDP), and held in
change. Regions considered are river catchments, Rio de Janeiro, 14-126 July, 1997. Volume 2
estuaries, deltas, adjacent seas and wetlands as well includes the following chapters: Preface - Israel
as the interactions between cities and their envi- Klabin, President, FBDS, and Ralph Schmidt,
ronments. Disciplinary, but in particular multidis- Director, Forest Programme Sustainable Energy
ciplinary, approaches to the study of these systems and Environment Division, UNDP, pp.3-4; Exec-
are considered. The Editor-in-Chief is Dr. Wim utive Summary - Ângelo A. dos Santos, Milagre
Salomans, GKSS Research Centre and Free Uni- Nuvunga and Eneas Salati, pp.7-14; Economic
versity Amsterdam, Max-Planck-Strasse, D21502 considerations pertaining to the expansion of log-
Geesthacht, Germany. More information from: ging in the Amazon - Jeffrey R. Vincent, pp.15-24;
Springer for Science, PO Box 503, 1970 AM Impact of international tropical timber trade on
Ijmuiden, The Netherlands, Fax: +49 30 82787 the Amazon Rainforest - M. L. Joshi, pp.25-39;
448, e-mail: subscriptions@springer.de. Mercado nacional de madeiras tropicais - Ivan
Website: <www.springer.de>. Tomaselli, pp.41-49; Geração, disponibilidade
e uso de informações para manejar florestas
na Amazônia - Paulo Barreto, pp.51-59;
Cadernos FBDS Certificação socioambiental, bom manejo florestal
e políticas públicas - Virgílio M. Viana, pp.61-70;
The Fundação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento Forest concession policies and sustainable forest
Sustentável (FBDS) is a non-governmental orga- management of tropical forests - John A. Gray
nization, based in Rio de Janeiro, which, as its pp.71-112; Política florestal coerente para
name suggests, works to promote the rational Amazônia - Adalberto Veríssimo and Carlos Souza
use and conservation of natural resources in Júnior, pp.113-118; Some suggested contract pro-
Brazil. In 1998, FBDS initiated a publication visions for forestry contracts on land owned by the
series-Cadernos para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável Federative Republic of Brazil - David N. Smith,
FBDS
FBDS. pp.119-134; Annotated bibliography - Namrita
Kapur, pp.135-155. For further information please
The first volume, entitled Conservação da contact Ângelo Augusto dos Santos, Coordi-
Biodiversidade na Amazônia Brasileira: Uma Análise nator for External Affairs, Fundação Brasileira
para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (FBDS),
33
Rua Golf Club 115, São Conrado, 22610-040 No ano de 1999, por ocasião de cinqüentenário
Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Tel: do Museu foi editado um volume especial comem-
(0)21 322-4520, Fax: (0)21 322 5903, e-mail: < orativo, com artigos de membros do Conselho
fbds@ax.ibase.org.br>. Científico e de pesquisadores vinculados que tem
colaborado com o Museu nos últimos anos, espe-
cialmente aqueles oriundos do projeto “Biodiver-
Global Biodiversity sidade da Mata Atlântica no Estado do Espírito
Santo”. Assim foi publicado a “Edição Comem-
Global Biodiversity is a quarterly magazine pub- orativa dos 50 Anos do Museu”, números 11 e
lished by the Canadian Museum of Nature, 12, junho de 2000. A publicação prestou hom-
Ottawa, dedicated to all aspects of biological enagaem também a Augusto Ruschi, pela sua ini-
diversity research and conservation. Besides regu- ciativa de criar um periódico que tem dado uma
lar articles, it includes updates and news on such relevante contribuição à biologia e conservação da
as biodiversity policy, biosafety, meetings, and biodiversidade no Brasil.
conservation. Two theme issues have been pro-
duced, one on Ecoforestry (1997), and another Conteúdo: A Estação Biológica de Santa Lucia,
on Ecoagriculture (1998). For more information, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo - S. L. Mendes & M.
write to Global Biodiversity
Biodiversity, Canadian Museum da P. Padovan, pp.7-34; Espécies vegetais descri-
of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, tas a partir de espécimes coletados na Reserva
Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada, Tel.: (888) 437-6287, Florestal de Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brasil - P.
Fax: (613) 566 4673, e-mail: <sswan@mus- Germano Filho, A. L. Peixoto & R. M. de Jesus,
nature.ca>. World Wide Web: <http://www.nature pp.35-48; Células piramidais apicais dos tegumen-
.ca/english/gbzine.htm>. tos do óvulo em Velloziaceae e suas relações filo-
genéticas - N. L. de Menezes & N. M. de Castro,
pp.49-56; Recursos de Bromeliaceae utilizados
Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão – Brasil por beija-flores e borboletas em Mata Atlântica
no Sudeste do Brasil - I. G, Varassin & M.
Sazima, pp.57-70; Diversidade de Lepidoptera em
No ano de 1949, o naturalista Augusto Ruschi
Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo - K. S. Brown, Jr.
fundou o Museu de Biologia Professor Mello
Leitão, na cidade de Santa Teresa, Espiríto Santo, & A. V. L. Freitas, pp.71-116; Perfil da fauna
Brasil. Iniciou naquele ano a edição do Boletim de himenópteros parasitóides (Insecta, Hymenop-
do Museu, e de 1949 a 1985 foram impressos tera) em uma área de Mata Atlântica da Reserva
390 títulos, dentro de séries de Biologia, Zoo- Biológica de Duas Bocas, Cariacica, Brasil - C.
logia, Botânica, Proteção à Natureza, Antropolo- O. Azevedo & H. S. Santos, pp.117-126; Studies
gia, Divulgação e Geologia. O último número do on Neotropical Protoneuridae. 10. Forcepsioneura
Boletim foi publicado em 1985, ano anterior ao lucia sp.n. from the Parque Estadual Rola Moça,
seu falecimento. Após a reestruturação do Museu, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Odonata, Zygoptera) - Â.
em 1992, as sete séries foram fundidas passando B. M. Machado, pp.127-134; Ecology of Lep-
o periódico a se chamar Boletim do Museu de Bio- tagrion perlongum Calvert, 1909: A bromeliad-
logia Mello Leitão – Nova Série
Série. Desde então a dweller odonate species - P. de Marco Júnior & K.
publicação passou a publicar contribuições para a S. Furieri, pp.135-148; Composição da avifauna
biologia que não se restringem a trabalhos realizada Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Santa Teresa
dos no Museu, mas que em geral são de autoria - ES - J. E. Simon, pp.149-170; Descrição do
de pesquisadores vinculados ao Museu. Em 1996, comportamento de corte do dançarino-de-coroa-
o Conselho Científico do Museu foi instituído, e vermelha, Machaeropterus regulus (Aves, Pipridae) -
assumiu a função de Conselho Editorial do Bole- M. L. da Silva, G. Baudet, T. Sigrist & J. Vielliard,
tim, que vem sendo publicado semestralmente. pp. 171-188; Reintrodução do tucano-de-bico-
preto (Rhampastos
Rhampastos vitellinus ariel Vigors, 1826)

no Parque Nacional da Tijuca (Rio de Janeiro - Brazilian Perspectives on Sustainable Develop-
RJ) e notas sobre sua distribuição geográfica – A. ment of the Amazon Region, edited by Miguel
F. Coimbra-Filho, pp.189-200; Non-volant mam- Clüsener-Godt and Ignacy Sachs, 1995, 330pp.
mals of the Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia and ISBN 1 85070 576 3. Hardcover. Price: £45/
adjacent areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, US$68. Vol. 15. Man and the Biosphere Series
Brazil - M. Passamani, S. L. Mendes & A. G. (editor J. N. R. Jeffers). The Parthenon Publish-
Chiarello, pp.201-214; Análise da comunidade de ing Group, Carnforth, UK, and UNESCO, Paris.
marsupiais em Mata Atlântica de Santa Tereas, A scientific reference text on Amazonian ecology,
Espírito Santo - M. Passamani, pp.215-228; resource use and development. Contents: Intro-
Influência da caça ilegal sobre mamíferos e aves das duction; Climatic and hydrological conditions as
matas de tabuleiro do norte do estado do Espírito key factors for eco-development strategies; Devel-
Santo - A. G. Chiarello, pp.229-247. Available opment and management plans for the Amazon
from: Biblioteca, Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, region; The Amazon an urbanized forest; Socio-
Avenida José Ruschi 4, 29650-000 Santa Teresa, diversity and biodiversity; Agroforestry in Brazil’s
Espírito Santo, Brasil. Amazonian development policy; Rehabilitation of
capoeiras; Degraded pastures and mining sites;
Sérgio L. Mendes, Departamento de Biologia, The Amazon and extracting activities; Develop-
Av. Mal. Campos 1468, Maruípe, 29040-090 ment of commercial fisheries in the Amazon basin
Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brasil. E-mail: <slmendes@ and consequences for fish stocks and subsistence
npd.ufes.br>. fishing; Mining without destruction; Organizing
research for the development of the Amazon
region; Possibilities for sustainable agriculture
Books development in the Brazilian Amazon; Elements
for a strategy for territorial settlement and eco-
Classification of Mammals
Mammals, by Maclolm C. McK- development in the Amazon. Available from: The
enna and Susan K. Bell, 2000, 631pp. Columbia Parthenon Publishing Group, UK Office, Caster-
University Press, New York. ISBN 0 231 11013 8 ton Hall, Carnforth, Lancs LA6 2LA, UK, Tel:
(paper), 0 231 11012 X (cloth). Price: US$50.00 +44 (0)15242 72084, Fax: +44 (0) 15242 71587:
(paperback); US$175 (cloth). This is the first USA Office, One Blue Hill Plaza, P.O.Box 1564,
comprehensive classification to appear in more Pearl River, NewYork, 10965, USA, Tel: +1 914
than 50 years. Since George Gaylord Simpson’s 735 9363, Fax: +1 (914) 735 1385. Web site:
1945 classification, the paleontological record has <http://www/parthpub.com>.
been greatly expanded, the timescale recalibrated,
and much debate and progress concerning the Conservation of Biological Resources
Resources, by E. J. Mil-
theoretical underpinnings of systemization has ner-Gulland and Ruth Mace (with contributors),
occurred. McKenna and Bell have constructed 1998, 416pp, 114 illustrations. Blackwell Science,
a completely updated hierarchical system that Oxford. Paperback ISBN 0 86554 2738 0. Price:
reflects the genealogy of the Mammalia. Available £24.95. A student textbook presenting the issues
from: Columbia University Press, Order Depart- surrounding the biological conservation of spe-
ment, 136 South Broadway, Irvington, NY cies and ecosystems used by humans. It is aimed
210533, USA, Tel: (800) 944 8648 or (914) 591 at final year undergraduate and Master’s level
9111, or Columbia University Press, c/o John students as well as conservation professionals,
Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 1 Oldlands Way, Bognor including managers, policy-makers and research-
Regis, West Sussex PO22 95A, England, UK, Tel ers. Contents: Part One. Introduction to Biologi-
(1243) 779 777, e-mail: <customer@wiley.co.uk>. cal Conservation and Sustainable Use. Part Two.
Web site: <Columbia.edu/cu/cup>. Theoretical Background. 1. The ecological and
economic theory behind sustainable harvesting.
35
2. Harvesting and ecological realities. 3. Deci- Priorities for the Conservation of Mammalian
sion-making by users of natural resources. 4. Prac- Diversity: Has the Panda Had Its Day? Edited
tical considerations when applying the theory. by Abigail Entwhistle and Nigel Dunstone, 2000,
Part Three. Case Studies. Part Four. Making Con- 455pp. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
servation Work. Part 3 includes contributions by ISBN 0 521 77279 6 (hardback), 0 521 77536 1
Kathy Mackinnon (Sustainable use as a conser- (paperback). This book is No. 3 in the Conserva-
vation tool in the forests of South-east Asia), R. tion Biology series of CUP, edited by Morris Gos-
E. Gullison (Will bigleaf mahogany be conserved ling in Association with the Zoological Society
through sustainable use?), Vivienne Solis Rivera of London. No. 1 was Conservation in a Chang-
and Steven Edwards (Cosigüina, Nicaragua: A case ing World
World, edited by Georgina M. Mace, Andrew
study in community-based management of wild- Balmford and Joshua R. Ginsberg, and No. 2 was
life), Sophie des Clers (Sustainability of the Falk- Behaviour and Conservation, edited by L. M. Gos-
land Islands loligo squid fishery), Andrew Price, ling and J. Sutherland. This excellent review has
Callum Roberts and Julie Hawkins (Recreational three parts, besides an introductory chapter by
use of coral reefs in the Maldives and Caribbean), Abigail Entwhistle, Simon Mickleburgh and Nigel
Joel Freehling and Stuart A. Marks (A century of
Dunstone – Mammal conservation: current con-
change in the Central Luangwa Valley of Zambia),
texts and opportunities. Part 1. Justifying the con-
M. Norton-Griffiths (The economics of wildlife
servation of mammals. Part 2. Setting priorities for
conservation policy in Kenya), Tom Butynski and
mammalian conservation. Part 3. Conservation
Jan Kalina (Gorilla tourism: A critical look), Anne
approaches for mammalian species and diversity.
Gunn (Caribou and muskox harvesting in the
Orders in the USA: Cambridge University Press,
Northwest Territories), and Leonid Baskin (Hunt-
40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211,
ing of game mammals in the Soviet Union). Avail-
USA. Orders elsewhere: Cambridge University
able from: Anna Van Opstal, Blackwell Science
Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2
Ltd., Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL, UK, Tel:
1BR, UK. E-mail to Hannah Proctor
+44 (0)1865 206206, Fax: +44 (0)1865 721205.
<hproctor@cup.cam.uuc.uk>. Web site: <http://
Website: <http://www.blackwell-science.com>.
www.cambridge.org>.
Species Coexistence, by M. Tokeshi, 1998, 464pp. Behavioral Approaches to Conservation in the
159 illustrations. Blackwell Science, Oxford. Wild, edited by Janine R. Clemmons and Rich-
Paperback ISBN 0 86542 744 5. Price: £37.50. ard Buchholz, 1997, 400pp. Cambridge Univer-
Contents: Introduction: conceptual threads; Orig- sity Press, Cambridge, UK. Hardback ISBN 0
ination: the basis of coexistence; Origination and 521 58054 4. Price: £55.00 (+p&p), paperback
evolution of communities; Patterns in species ISBN 0 521 58960 6. Price: £19.95 (+p&p). This
richness: temporal dimension; Patterns in species book is unique in emphasizing conservation of
richness: spatial dimension; The niche, resources wild populations as opposed to captive and rein-
and species assembly; Niche apportionment and troduced, where behavioral research has concen-
relative abundances of coexisting species; Com- trated in the past. The variety of expertise in this
petition, co-operation and coexistence; Agent- volume demonstrates that the comoplete etho-
mediated coexistence: predation and disturbance; logical framework, not just behavioural ecology,
Patchiness, heterogeneity and stochasticity; Traits provides valuable techniques and knowledge for
and coexistence; Stability and conservation of conserving biodiversity. Issues addressed include:
coexisting species; Concluding remarks. Available the limits and potentials of behavioral research to
from: Anna Van Opstal, Blackwell Science Ltd., conservation; the importance of behavioral varia-
Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL, UK, Tel: +44 tion as a component of biodiversity, and the use
(0)1865 206206, Fax: +44 (0)1865 721205. Web- of animal behavior to solve conservation problems
site: <http://www.blackwell-science.com>. and provide specific direction for research and

management practices. Contents: Part I: Prob- - Secretaria de Estado da Educação, Secretaria de
lems and issues; Part II: Conservation and Estado do Meio Ambiente, Instituto Estadual de
the four levels of behavioral study; Part III: Florestas & Fundação Biodiversitas, p.13; Prefácio
Examples and case studies. Available from: Cus- - Célio de Murilo de Carvalho Valle, pp.15-16;
tomer Services Department, Cambridge Univer- Organização geral do livro, pp.21-25; Panorama
sity Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge geral da fauna ameaçada de Minas Gerais - Gustavo
CB2 1BR, UK, Fax: +44 (0)1223 325152, e-mail: A. B. da Fonseca, pp.27-30; Há doze mil anos:
<directcustserve@cup.cam.ac.uk>. A grande extinção - Cástor Cartelle, pp.31-35;
Mamíferos, pp.37-169; Aves, pp.173-391;
The Enchanted Amazon Rain Forest: Stories from Répteis, pp.417-443; Anfíbios, pp. 445-475;
Vanishing World, by Nigel J. H. Smith, 1996, Peixes, pp.477-491; Insetos, pp.493-561; Onicó–
208pp. ISBN 0 8130 1577 1. Price US$29.95. foros, pp.563-569; Oligoquetas, pp.571-583;
University Press of Florida, Gainesville. Compiled Índice remissiva de nomes populares, pp.585-587;
during Nigel Smith’s quarter-century of fieldwork Indíce de nomes científicos, pp.589-591; Índice de
in the Amazon, the stories reflect the resilient cul- ilustrações, p.593; Glosário, pp.595-605. For each
ture of millions of small farmers, hunters and fish- species there are summary data sheets (including
erfolk along the region’s waterways and pioneer categorization in other national and international
roads. Their lore is an intriguing blend of indige- threatened species lists, and their occurrence in
nous European and African religious beliefs span- protected areas) and sections on general infor-
ning all aspects of daily life and including a wide mation (description, distribution, and natural
assortment of ghosts, monsters and enchanted history), the principal threats and the principal
places. As a backdrop to the tales, Smith provides strategies necessary for their conservation, and a
information on the flora and fauna of the area, distribution map. Species of edentates included are:
on the geographical and historical setting, and in Tolypeutes tricinctus, Priodontes maximus, Cabas-
particular on the problems of rain forest conserva- sous unicinctus, C. tatouay, Tamandua tetradactyla
tion. With its intimate photographs, also by Nigel and Myrmecophaga tridactyla. A most valuable ref-
Smith, this book will appeal to the general public erence. Available from: Fundação Biodiversitas,
as well as to ecologists, anthropologists, botanists, Avenida do Contorno 9155, 11º. Andar, Caixa
natural historians, and all others working in the Postal 1462, 30110-130 Belo Horizonte, Minas
Amazon basin. Available from: University Press of Gerais, Tel: +55 (0)31 291 9673, Fax: +55
Florida, 15 NW 15th Street, Gainesville, Florida (0)31 291-7658, e-mail: <cdcb@gold.horizontes.
32611-2079, USA. Tel: (352) 392-1351. Tel: (toll com.br>.
free): 1 800 226 3822.
A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central Amer-
Livro Vermelho das Espécies Ameaçadas de ica and South-East Mexico, by Fiona A. Reid,
Extinção da Fauna de Minas Gerais, edited by 1997, xvii + 334pp. Oxford University Press,
Ângelo B. M. Machado, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, New York. ISBN 0 19 506400 3, hardback, and
Ricardo B. Machado, Ludmilla M. de S. Aguiar, ISBN 019 506401 1, paperback. Price: Hard-
and Livia V. Lins, 1998, 605pp., 33 color plates. back £45.00, paperback £22.50. This field guide
Fundação Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte. In Portu- provides detailed accounts and range maps for
guese. Price: Paperback US$35 (+p&p). A beau- all species of terrestrial and aquatic mammals of
tifully produced book describing 178 threatened Central America and southern Mexico. With 48
animals of the state of Minas Minas Gerais, Brazil, color plates illustrating 85% of the species, 11
including 40 mammals, 83 birds, 10 reptiles, line drawings, an extensive bibliography, and sec-
11 amphibians, 3 fishes, 27 insects, 1 onycho- tions on how and where to find mammals. Avail-
phore and 3 oligochaetes. Contents: Preâmbulo able from: Order Department, Oxford University
Ângelo B. M. Machado, pp.11-12; Apresentação Press, Saxon Way, West Corby, Northampton-
37
shire NN18 9ES, UK, 24-hour credit card hotline CB2 1BR, UK, Tel.: +44 (0)1223 325056, Fax:
+44 (0)1536 454534, Fax: +44 (0)1536 454518, +44 (0)1223 325891. In the US: Cambridge Uni-
e-mail: <book.orders@oup.co.uk>. versity Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY
10011-4211, USA. In Australia: Cambridge Uni-
Planning, Proposing, and Presenting Science versity Press, 10 Stamford Street, Oakleigh, Mel-
Effectively: A Guide for Graduate Students and bourne 3166, Australia. For further information
Researchers in the Behavioral Sciences and Biol- on textbooks from CUP, please contact Heather
ogy, by Jack P. Hailman and Karen B. Strier, Elliot at <hellicott@cup.cam.ac.uk>.
182pp. 1997. Cambridge University Press, Cam-
bridge. ISBN 0 521 56023 3 (hardback), 0 521 Dynamics of Tropical Forest Communities, edited
56875 7 (paperback). An excellent and useful by David M. Newbery, N. Brown and H. H. T.
guide to writing - a must not only for graduate Prins, 648pp., March 1998. Blackwell Scientific
students and researchers but also for editors. The Publications, Oxford, UK. ISBN 0 6320 4944
guidelines apply equally to independent projects 8. Price: Hardback £60.00 + p&p (half-price to
focused on biology, directed study projects, and members of the British Ecological Society). The
undergraduate senior theses, as well as to master’s proceedings of the 37th Symposium of the British
theses, doctoral dissertations and research aimed Ecological Society. The book includes 22 in-depth
at publication. It guides the reader through a dis- reviews of important areas in tropical ecology.
cussion of the nature of scientific research, how It challenges the dynamic equilibrium idea by
to plan research, and obtain fundings; discusses arguing for thinking on a timescale of decades
writing a research proposal, whether for a formal to centuries: finding new ways to handle unpre-
proposal or for thesis research to be written by a dictability and uniqueness; and evaluating species
graduate student, or for a research proposal for diversity and community change at different scales
a funding agency such as the National Science more critically. The difficult search for more
Foundation (using the Dissertation Improvement robust generalizations and rules in tropical com-
Grant format as a specific example); deals with munities is partly answered by the realization that
writing a research report such as a graduate thesis, a new framework and perspective is required for
or a manuscript for publication in a research jour- the tropics. There are strong implications for the
nal; gives advice and guidelines for presenting enhanced conservation and wiser management
the results of research at research seminars and of tropical resources at both regional and global
scientific meetings, and also provides useful tips levels. For more information: Anna Rivers, Black-
on preparing abstracts and posters; shows how well Science, Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL, UK,
to write an effective C.V.; gives tips on how to Tel: +44 1865 206206, Fax: +44 1865 721205.
write clearly, common abbreviations (including
Latin phrases), and difficult inflections, as well as An Introduction to Animal Behaviour, by Aubrey
other issues; and provides a final appendix with a Manning and Marian Stamp Dawkins, 508pp.,
number of useful Word Wide Web addresses for 1998, 5th Edition. Cambridge University Press,
U.S. grant sources. Throughout, the book is illu- Cambridge. Price: Hardback £55.00 + p&p,
minated with personal examples from the author’s paperback £18.95 + p&p. The broad biological
own experiences with research on behavioral ecol- approach of this new and updated edition makes
ogy, and there is a strong emphasis on problems it an excellent choice for all students and teachers
associated with field studies. All biologists will of animal behaviour and psychology. Contents:
find this a valuable resource and guide for the Introduction; The development of behaviour;
early years of their scientific careers. Established Stimuli and communication; Motivation and deci-
faculty will find it an essential instructional tool. sion-making; Learning and memory; Evolution;
Available from: Customer Services Department, Social organization. Available from: Customer Ser-
Cambridge University Press, FREEPOST (within vices Department, Cambridge University Press,
the UK), The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge freepost (within the UK), The Edinburgh Build-

ing, Cambridge CB2 1BR, UK, Tel.: +44 (0)1223 E. 2000. Subsistence hunting among the Wai-
325056, Fax: +44 (0)1223 325891. For further miri-Atroari Indians in central Amazonia,
information on textbooks from CUP, please con- Brazil. Biodiv. Conserv. 9: 579-596.
tact Heather Elliot at <hellicott@cup.cam.ac.uk>. Taulman, J. F. and Robbins, L. W. 1996. Recent
range expansion and distributional limits
of the nine-banded armadillo (D. novemcinc-
Articles tus) in the United States. J. Biogeog. 23(5):
tus
635-648.
Cincotta, R. P., Wisnewski, J. and Engelman, R. Richard-Hansen, C. and Taube, E. 1997. Note
2000. Human population in the biodiversity on the reproductive behavior of the three-toed
hotspots. Nature, Lond
Lond. 404: 990-992. sloth, Bradypus tridactylus
tridactylus, in French Guiana.
Feistner, A. T. C. and Mallinson, J. J. C. 2000. Mammalia 61(2): 259-263.
A recipe for species conservation: Multidis-
ciplinary ingredients. In: Priorities for the
Conservation of Mammalian Diversity: Has
the Panda Had Its Day? A. Entwhistle and
N. Dunstone (eds.), pp.309-323. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.
MEETINGS
Gullison, R. E., Rice, R. E. and Blundell, A.
G. 2000. ‘Marketing’ species conservation. 38th Annual Meeting of The Animal Behavior
Nature, Lond. 404: 923-924. Society, July 14-20, 2001, Oregon State Uni-
Lucero, M. M. and Brandan, Z. J. 1996. versity, Corvallis Oregon. Symposiums include
Comentarios sobre Burmeisteria retusa “Behavioral genetics for the next decade” and
(Gray,1856) Mammalia: Edentata en “Detecting and measuring mating preferences”,
Argentina y su presencia en la provincia de and invited paper sessions on the “Song System”
Salta. Acta Zool. Lilloana 43(2): 461-462. and “Aggression and group organization in animal
Mace, G. M. and Balmford, A. 2000. Patterns societies”. There will also be a Poster session
and processes in contemporary mammalian on “Educating in animal behavior.” Contact:
extinction. In: Priorities for the Conservation online through <http://www.animalbehavior.org/
of Mammalian Diversity: Has the Panda Had ABS/Program/index.html>.
Its Day? A. Entwhistle and N. Dunstone
(eds.), pp.27-52. Cambridge University Press, 8th International Theriological Congress, 12-17
Cambridge. August, 2001, Sun City, South Africa. Contacts:
Mittermeier, R. A., Fonseca, G. A. B., Rylands, ITC 2001 c/o Event Dynamics, PO Box 98009,
A. B. and Mittermeier, C. G. 1999. Atlantic Sloane Park, 2152 Johannesburg, South Africa. Tel:
Forest. In: Hotspots: The Earth's Biologically +27 11 706 5010, e-mail: <dana@eventdynamics.
Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial co.za>. Web Page: <http://www.eventdynamics.
Ecoregions, R. A. Mittermeier, N. Myers,
Ecoregions co.za/itc>.
P. Robles Gil and C. G. Mittermeier (eds.),
pp.136-147. Cemex, Conservation Inter– XIII Curso Intensivo Internacional de Manejo
national, Agrupación Sierra Madre, Monterrey, Diversificado de Bosques Naturales Tropicales,
Mexico. 20 Agosto-21 Setiembre 2001, CATIE, Turrialba,
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. Costa Rica. Informes: CATIE 7170, Turrialba,
G., Fonseca, G. A. B. da and Kent, J. 2000. Costa Rica, Tel: (506) 556-2703; Fax: (506)
Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priori- 556-7730 <www.catie.ac.cr>, E-mail: <dquiros@
ties. Nature, Lond
Lond. 403: 853-858. catie.ac.cr> or <capacita@catie.ac.cr>.
Souza-Mazurek, R. R. de, Pedrinho, T., Feliciano,
X., Halário, W., Gerôncio, S. and Marcelo,
39
Annual Conference of the American Associ- Brasil. Apoio: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
ation of Zoo Veterinarians, 18-23 September, do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Ecologia
2001, Orlando Florida. For more information on e Departamentos de Ecologia, Zoologia e Botânica.
the scientific program: Ray Wack, Program Chair- Contatos e correspondência: Organização de
man, Sacramento Zoo, 3930 West Land Park Congresso, Rua João Abott, 44- cj.402, 90460-150
Drive, Sacramento, CA 95822-1123, USA, Tel: Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, Tel/Fax: + 55 51 333
(916) 264 5887, e-mail: <rfwack@ucdavis,edu>. 8737, e-mail: <nossaequipe@nosequipe.com.br>.
Conference or membership information: Wilbur Web site: <www.ecologia/ufrgs.br>.
Amand, Executive Director/AAZV, 6 North Pen-
nell Road, Media, PA 19063, Tel: (610) 892 4812, 5th International Conference on Environmen-
Fax: (610) 892 4813, e-mail: <aazv@aol.com>. tal Enrichment, 4-9 November 2001, Taronga
Park Zoo, Sydney, Australia. The theme is
Brazil’s International Conference on the Human “Making Enrichment a 21st Century Priority”.
Dimensions of Global Change, 6-8 October, For information: Margaret Hawkins, 51EE Con-
2001. Particular emphasis will be placed on ference Co-ordinator, Taronga Zoo, PO Box
research reports that include a regional or “place- 20, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia, Tel: +61
based” perspective and that make a linkage 2 9978 4615, Fax: +61 2 9978 4613, e-mail:
between natural and social sciences, as well as <mhawkins@zoo.nsw.gov.au>. Web site: <www.
among local, regional and global scales. Plenary zoo.nsw.gov.au>.
themes of the meeting will address the challenges
2002
of integration in human dimensions research
across disciplines, across hemispheres, and across
3rd International Canopy Conference, June,
the science-policy interface. The Open Meeting
2002, Cairns, Australia. Sponsored by the
is being organized by the Brazilian Academy of
Queensland Government of Australia and the
Sciences, the Inter-American Institute for Global
Smithsonian Institution, the conference theme is
Change Research (IAI), the International Human
“Science, Policy and Utilisation” and is intended
Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental
Change (IHDP), and CIESIN. Information about to bring together scientists, environmental man-
the meeting, including instructions for the sub- agers and policy makers concerned with the dis-
mission of abstracts will be made available at the covery and sustainable use of forests around
website <http://sedac.ciesin.org/openmeeting/>. the world. Contact: Eileen Domagala, e-mail:
<Eileen Domagala@premiers.qld.gov.au>. Web
V Congreso Latinoamericano de Ecología, site: <http://www.premiers.qld.gov.au/whatsnew.
15-19 de Octubre de 2001, Facultad de Ciencias htm>.
Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, San
Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina. La fecha limite Annual Meetings of the IUCN/SSC Conser-
de presentación de los resumenes es el 30 de vation Breeding Specialists Group (CBSG)
abril de 2001. Organiza: Facultad de Ciencias 10-13 August, 2002, The World Zoo Organi-
Agrarias, Alberdi No. 47, (4600) San Salvador zation (WZO), 13-17 August 2002, and The
de Jujuy, Argentina, Tel: 54 0388 4221550, International Association of Zoo Educators
(IZE), 17-22 August, 2002, Hofburg Palace,
54 0388 4221553, Fax: 54 0388 4221547,
Redoutensäle, Vienna. Hosted by the Schoenb-
e-mail: <vclae@fca.unju.edu.ar>. Web site:
runn Zoo. For more information: Austropa Inter-
<www.fca.unju.edu.ar>.
convention, Conference Office, Friedrichstrasse 7,
A-1010 Vienna, Austria, Fax: +43 1 315 56 50,
V Congresso Brasileiro de Ecologia do Brasil,
e-mail: <austropa.congress@verkehrsbuero.at>.
4-9 November, 2001, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande
do Sul, Brasil. O tema é “ Ambiente x Sociedade”.
Entidade promotora: Sociedade de Ecologia do

Figures and Maps
NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS Articles can include small black-and-white pho-
tographs, high quality figures, and high quality
Submission maps and tables. Electronic files with 300 dpi
Please send all submissions in English, Portuguese are acceptable. However, hard copies of photos
or Spanish to: Jennifer Pervola, Center for Applied and maps are preferred. Please keep these to a
Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, minimum. We stress the importance of providing
1919 M St. NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC maps which are publishable.
20036, USA, Tel: (202) 912-1533, Fax: (202) News Items
912-0773, e-mail: <j.pervola@conservation.org>. Please send any information on projects, field sites,
courses, recent publications, awards, events, etc.
Scope
Edentata, the newsletter of the Edentate Specialist References
Group, aims to provide a basis for conservation Examples of house style can be found through-
information relating to edentates. We welcome out this newsletter. Please refer to these examples
texts on any aspect of edentate conservation, when citing references.
including articles, thesis abstracts, news items,
recent events, recent publications, and the like. Journal article. Carter, T. and Encarnação, C. D.
1983. Characteristics and use of burrows by four
Contributions species of armadillos in Brazil. J. Mammal. 64(1)
Manuscripts can be in English, Portuguese or 47-53.
Spanish, and should be double-spaced and accom-
panied by the text and any tables and/or figures Chapter in book. Wetzel, R. M. 1985a. The iden-
on diskette for PC compatible text editors (MS- tification and distribution of recent Xenarthra
Word, Wordperfect, Excel, and Access), and/or (Edentata). In: The Evolution and Ecology of Arma-
emailed to <j.pervola@conservation.org>. Hard dillos, Sloths and Vermilinguas. G. G. Montgom-
copies should be supplied for all figures (illus- ery (ed.), pp.23-46. Smithsonian Institution Press,
trations and maps) and tables. The full name Washington, DC.
and address of each contributing author should
be included. Please avoid abbreviations and acro- Book. Emmons, L. and Feer, F. 1990. Neotropical
nyms without the name in full. Authors whose Rainforest Mammals. A Field Guide. The Univer-
first language is not English should have their texts sity of Chicago Press, Chicago.
carefully reviewed by a native English speaker.
Thesis/Dissertation. Wallace, R. B. 1998. The
behavioural ecology of black spider monkeys in
Articles
north-eastern Bolivia. Doctoral thesis, University
A broad range of topics is welcomed and encour-
of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.
aged, including but not limited to: Taxonomy, Sys-
tematics, Genetics (when relevant to systematics), Report Muckenhirn, N. A., Mortensen, B. K.,
Report.
Biogeography, Ecology, Conservation, and Behav- Vessey, S., Frazer, C. E. O. and Singh, B. 1975.
ior. Texts should not exceed 20 pages in length Report on a primate survey in Guyana. Unpub-
(double-spaced and including the references). For lished report, Pan American Health Organization,
longer articles please include an abstract in Eng- Washington, DC.
lish and an optional one in Portuguese or Span-
ish. Please limit the amount of tables and figures
to six, excepting cases where fundamental to the Edentata is produced in collaboration with Conser-
text. vation International, Center for Applied Biodiversity
Science, 1919 M St. NW, Suite 600, Washington DC,
20036, USA.
41
Edentata
The Newsletter of the IUCN Edentate Specialist Group • June 2001 • Number 4
Contents
1 Editorial - Gustavo A.B. da Fonseca
Articles
2 Does the Endangered Xenarthran Fauna of Amazonia Include Remnant

Ground Sloths?
David C. Oren
5 Armadillos del Noroeste Argentino (Provincias de Jujuy y Salta)

Sergio F. Vizcaíno y Andrés Giallombardo
9 Tatú carreta (Priodontes maximus) en Argentina

Gustavo Porini
14 The Tatujeikurajoyava (Chlamyphorus retusus) in the Izozog Communities

of the Bolivian Gran Chaco
Erika Cuéllar
16 The Disjunct Geographical Distribution of the Yellow Armadillo,

Euphractus sexcinctus (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae)
José de Sousa e Silva Júnior and Andrea Portela Nunes
18 New Records of the Yellow Armadillo (Euphractus sexinctus) in the

State of Maranhão, Brazil (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae)
José de Sousa e Silva Júnior, Marcus Emanoel Barroncas Fernandes
and Rui Cerqueira
23 A Translocation Experiment for the Conservation of Maned Sloths

(Bradypus torquatus), a Species Threatened with Extinction in the
Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Adriano G. Chiarello
25 News
29 Recent Publications
39 Meetings

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Edentata

Editors: Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca and Anthony B. Rylands

Center for Applied Biodiversity Science

Edentate Specialist Group

Design and Composition

Front Cover Picture:

2 Edentata • June 2001

4 Edentata • June 2001

6 Edentata • June 2001

8 Edentata • June 2001

FIGURE 1. Priodontes maximus.

FIGURE 2: Referencias Tatu Carreta (Priodontes maximus).

10 Edentata • June 2001

12 Edentata • June 2001

The Tatujeikurajoyava (Chlamyphorus retusus)

The Gran Chaco is one of the largest biogeo-

TABLE 1. Body measurements and weights of four specimens of Chlamyphorus retusus.

Sex Head-Body Tail Hind-Foot Ear Weight

Female 132 33 28 5 84.2

Male 135 35 30 5 71.0

14 Edentata • June 2001

C. retusus is considered a rare species even among

16 Edentata • June 2001

( -645=MPEG-26264); Fazenda Teimoso,

18 Edentata • June 2001

Introduction Material and Methods

TABLE 2: Field data on Euphractus sexcinctus in the state of Maranhao.

Locality Biome Mesohabitat Observation Types

20 Edentata • June 2001

22 Edentata • June 2001

24 Edentata • June 2001

26 Edentata • June 2001

28 Edentata • June 2001

2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

30 Edentata • June 2001

32 Edentata • June 2001

34 Edentata • June 2001

36 Edentata • June 2001

38 Edentata • June 2001

40 Edentata • June 2001

1 Editorial - Gustavo A.B. da Fonseca

2 Does the Endangered Xenarthran Fauna of Amazonia Include Remnant

5 Armadillos del Noroeste Argentino (Provincias de Jujuy y Salta)

9 Tatú carreta (Priodontes maximus) en Argentina

14 The Tatujeikurajoyava (Chlamyphorus retusus) in the Izozog Communities

16 The Disjunct Geographical Distribution of the Yellow Armadillo,

18 New Records of the Yellow Armadillo (Euphractus sexinctus) in the

23 A Translocation Experiment for the Conservation of Maned Sloths

42 Edentata • June 2001

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