Effectiveness of Anti-Bullying Intervention Programs
Effectiveness of Anti-Bullying Intervention Programs
Effectiveness of Anti-Bullying Intervention Programs
Introduction
Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves
a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be
repeated, over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may have serious,
lasting problems. And in order to be considered as bullying, the behavior of one person must
be aggressive and it also includes an imbalance of power. Bullying behaviors happens more
Bullying has different types, the verbal bullying which is saying and writing mean
things to the victim, the second one is the social bullying which involves someone’s
reputation or relationships, and the last one is the physical bullying that involves hurting
September 2011 when New Jersey enforced the toughest bullying law in the country. Each
school will have to report each case of bullying to the State, and the State will grade each
school based on bullying standards, policies, and incidents. In 2004, a set of validated
guidelines for school bullying prevention and management was released by the Child Health
Promotion Research Centre in Australia to guide schools’ action to prevent and manage
bullying behaviors. At this time little was known about cyber and other forms of covert
bullying behaviors. These guidelines updated in 2010 to include current research that
bullying, the United Nations stated in its latest report on how children can be better
protected. The report said this form of violence has long-lasting and direct consequences on
report denote that physical appearance – such as being overweight or having non-
conforming gender expressions – is the main driver for bullying. Race, nationality and skin
color are also high on the list. In the report, religion was not highlighted as a major
Bullying threatens the mental and educational well-being of students. Although anti-
One of the biggest things that people of online communities tend to overlook is the
fact that words do hurt. Although these things that are hurtful are not being said online,
saying them online can amount to just as much hurt and maybe even more. I have been a
witness and a victim to cyberbullying and have seen the effects that it can have on the
victims and overall online communities that play a part with it. Cyberbullying is easily seen
and more accessible on social media sites just because of the social freedoms that the sites
Bullying mostly happens inside the school but when social media came and open at
all access, people tend to do the activity in different social media sites. People tend to post
and upload pictures and words that exposes the victims and yet people hype it as if it is a
normal thing well in fact it can probably hurt the person. People tend not to know if it is
bullying or just expressing their anger when they post on social media about something but
some people just post something make fun of the person to satisfy their dominance.
(Dep Ed), bullyingcaseson elementary and high school of both private and public schools on
2014 rose by 21% or a total of 6,363 cases, compare with the 5,236 on 2013. This translates
adolescents in the Philippines found that there was an association between bullying
victimization and physical fighting. They suggested that adolescents who were bullied were
less likely to attend school. Cyber bullying as compared to traditional bullying, is more
school or online, that can affect a child in different ways; but it is also a reality that we –
parents, teachers, child protection advocates, and the community – can alter if we remain
committed and active in promoting and protecting children’s rights. DepEd and its partners,
like
UNICEF and Child Protection Network, have never wavered in the commitment to
ensure that all Filipino children are in a child-friendly, gender-sensitive, safe, and nurturing
environment where they learn the value of respect for one another, regardless of their
background.
The Philippines implemented a law regarding anti-bullying which is the Republic
Act 10627 (Anti-Bullying Act of 2013) that was signed into law in September 2013, this
Under this law, “bullying refers to any severe, or repeated use by one or more
combination thereof, directed at another student that has the effect of actually causing or
placing the latter in reasonable fear of physical or emotional harm or damage to his
It also includes the Cyber- bullying or any bullying done through the use of
technology or any electronic means. The term shall also include any conduct resulting to
harassment, intimidation, or humiliation, through the use of other forms of technology, such
as, but not limited to texting, email, instant messaging, chatting, internet, social media,
online games, or other platforms or formats as defined in DepED Order No. 40, s. 2012
Child Protection Policy is a policy which is in the DepEd Order NO. 40, series 2012
institutionalized zero tolerance against any form of violence against the child and provided
for the establishment of a Child Protection Committee (CPC) in all public and private
schools.
bullying, abuse, or retaliation to speak up and report verified incidents to their peers,
parents, teachers, and the appropriate authorities for proper intervention.It added information
relating to the identity and personal circumstances of the bullies, the victims, or the
witnesses shall be treated with utmost confidentiality by the Child Protection Committee and
Bullying is one of the many reasons which cause students to drop out of school or
choose to homeschool over attending regular school. It is the use of one's influence and
strength to intimidate others and force them to do what the bully wants, either verbally,
physically or socially.
happen anywhere in the school premises and its usual victims are students with meek
personality. He said victims of bullying usually show changes in their appetite and in their
behavior and it isimportant for parents to have a high index of suspicion when they start to
Never keep it a secret. One reason the bully selected you is that he or she thinks
you’ll keep the harassment to yourself. Empower yourself by telling adults such as your
teacher, your parents, parents of classmates, your guidance counselor, your principal, prefect
of discipline, security guard because these are people who will want to protect you.
Instead of fighting back physically, Dellosa explained that the best thing a victim of
bullying can do is to surround himself with friends who can give help and protection.
Usually, bullying happens inside the school which is supposed to be a safe haven for
every child or students. Many students experiences different kinds of bullying inside the
campus and some of the students do not have the courage to talk about it and reveal it
program to help the students not to get bully and can speak up for themselves; for them not
The effectiveness of the intervention program shall help every students within their
school not to be afraid of the bully and can stand on their rights as student and as an
individual.
In this study, the researcher will look for the effectiveness of the intervention
programs and how it helps the students especially those who are experiencing bullying.
of Tarlac Montessori School towards intervention plan. Specifically, this study answers the
following:
programs?
5. What intervention plan can be propose from the findings of the study?
Montessori School towards intervention plan in particular, it will be a great use for the
following individuals:
To the respondents, this study will give them knowledge and idea on how important
strengthens and continue their intervention programs. This will also enlightens the
To the school administration, this study will make them understand how important
these intervention programs are. This will also give them the knowledge on how to deal with
students’ problems and bullying cases. It will also make them aware of the cases of the
To the teachers, this will help them determine about the real meaning of bullying
and what to do with to prevent the bullying in their school help of the school guidance
counsellor. Also, this will make them understand their students more and will make them
To the students, this research will enlighten them that there is an intervention
programs in their schools and it will give them the benefit since it is about anti-bullying
programs. This will also give them courage to report cases of bullying since it has an
intervention for that. This will also help them be brave and give them relief that they are
protected with the intervention programs. This will also serve as an eye opener to respect
each individual not only inside their school but also to the whole society as well.
To the parents, this research will give them knowledge about the school programs
about anti-bullying and will give them the idea about the context of it. This will also give
them the relief knowing that their children will have the protection since it is one of the one
of the concerns of the parents. Also, they will be open-minded regarding the feelings and the
different actions of their children. They will be aware of the cases of bullying and can help
the school on preventing the bullying that will start at their home.
To the society, this study will help them determine that there are schools with
intervention programs and give protection to the students against bullying. This will also
help to open people’s mind that there are a lot of case of bullying and they need to do
something about it with the help of the intervention programs of the school and the
Department of Education.
To the media, that in making some documentaries related to the research’s topic,
they would be able to get some important details that will help them make their work more
factual and reliable especially regarding psychological issues. This will a guide to the mass
media on the intervention programs of the schools and the Department of Education about
the process of it and how it can be really helpful especially to the students.
information that will make their study even more comprehensive, understandable and useful
to the readers. This research may also inspire other researchers to conduct related studies to
reference for them to get information that may be beneficial to them and it can also inspire
Montessori School towards intervention plan. It seeks the anti-bullying campaign in the
school, the reported cases of bullying, how the school deal with those cases and the
The researcher will use a case study method. The data will gather with the use of
Definition of Terms
To facilitate better understanding of the study, the following terms are lexically and
operationally defined.
these are the activities that the school implements to prevent the bullying.
Chapter 2
In this chapter, the researcher reviewed some related literatures and studies which
will provide the basic framework of this study. Materials that are related to this study are
presented to give the readers some insights. The excerpts from selected literature and study
were found relevant to the present research. This chapter also includes the theoretical
framework which serves as a psychological basis of the study and the paradigm of the study
Related Literature
Foreign
Bullying and harassment are not new issues that students and schools face. In fact,
over the years, it has been viewed as being so commonplace in schools that it has been
stage that most youth will experience then get over. (Ross, 2002)
Most cases of bullying happen inside the school and between students. Some
students make the school as their ground for bullying since their parents are not around and
they execute their bullying behavior in the part of school wherein teachers and school staffs
are not often there or they can find a spot wherein they can execute an act of bullying
without getting caught since schools are big and has many corners.
specific violence like bullying violence. School-based bullying programs may focus on
bullies, victims, peers, teachers, or the entire school community. These programs seek to
teachers and the guidance staffs on intervening, teaching empathy and respect to students,
and coordinating with parents about student’sbehavior, and enacting school-wide policies
about bullying.
We may start teaching the students on how to lessen or prevent the crimes in
bullying by teaching them on how to respect not only the authorities but also their fellow
students. We should raise awareness about the negative outcomes or consequences regarding
bullying. Another thing that can lessen the crime about bullying is informing the students
about the possible sanctions of bullying, by these, the cases of bullying will be lessen or best
According to Salmivalli (2010), that it might be easier to express the already existing
anti-bullying attitudes of bystanders and transform these attitudes into actual behavior than
to influence both the attitudes and behavior of active, initiative taking bullies. Therefore the
focus of interventions has shifted to influence the behavior of bystanders in the bullying
process.
Bystanders are those witnesses of the act of bullying. Bystanders can also be part of
the bullies because when they saw an act of bullying there is a possibility that they will join
the bully instead of reporting it to the authorities that is why it also important to look up for
them , too. Bystanders can also be those who reports secretly to the authorities about the
The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program was the first comprehensive whole-school
examined in our review share the core features of the original Olweus program. Within this
approach, it is considered essential that all members of the school community, including
school staff, pupils, and parents, be sensitized with basic information about what bullying is
Peer led interventions, like befriending, involve teaching peer help the basic skills of
active listening empathy, problem solving, and supportiveness that they need to help
Friends or social group can be a big help to prevent bullying cases in schools, most
of the time those students who are alone or who does not have friends are the one who tend
to be bully by the bullies. It is better if they have social support group that will make them
feel that they are not alone, also, they will also feel safe with their presence.
This intervention is like a group counseling wherein they encourage students not to
do any crimes in school, they also promote a better communication rather than retaliation.
Members of this intervention encourage their fellow students to act in responsible and
empathic way.
Bully Busters is teacher targeted bullying prevention that incorporates staff
development and monthly support meeting with fellow teachers. (Home, et. Al, 2003)
raise an awareness and recognition about bullying, what its effect to the students and can
make an effort to reduce bullying in schools. It is also a health program for teachers and
development in young children. Teaching young children that can be used to replace
challenging behaviors is one of the most effective interventions. (Conroy, et al., 2003)
Local
As the school year started in June 2012, the Philippines’ Education department has
once again stressed the promotion of violence-free schools, urging students, parents, school
teachers and the entire community to fight and end all forms of violence committed against
school children.
Students will learn, can study peacefully and will be more productive if they will be
in the environment free from threats, violence and bullying. They can have a good study
habit and students will not make any excuse not to attend their classes.
Philippines’ Department of Education has issued Order No. 40, s. 2012, entitled
DepEd Child Protection Policy. The order mandates concerned individuals the policy and
violence, bullying or any forms of abuse in schools so students will not have any fear
attending classes because of the bullies not only in inside the school but also through cyber
space or social media since students nowadays are also using their free time or some of their
requirements or projects are internet-related they are most likely in the social media wherein
after school, social media is the platform wherein bully bullies individual.
Related Studies
Foreign
Based from the study of Hall (2017) about the perceptions of policy effectiveness,
researchers examined perceived effectiveness before and after the passage of an anti-
Educators were divided in their perceptions of the effectiveness of policies for school
bullying; however, on average, about twice as many educators reported that policies were
effective to some degree as those who reported that they were not effective. (Hall, 2017)
actions involve student lessons and theme days involving discussion, videos, and exercises
done in dyads or small groups. Students also use an anti-bullying virtual learning
environment which uses computer closely connected to the topics of the student lessons and
themes. Each level of the KiVa computer game includes three modules: I Know wherein
students are presented with facts and knowledge about bullying, I Can where students can
practice the skills that they have learned, and I do that encourages students to transfer their
knowledge and skills acquired in the computer into real life interactions and relations with
considerable success, and subsequently KiVa has been introduced throughout Finland,
reaching 90% of all comprehensive schools by 2011. A further evaluation of KiVa was
reported by Kärnä, Voeten, Little, Poskiparta, Alanen, and Salmivalli in year 2011 over the
Looking at within-study effects, they located 19 relevant studies and found that up to
grade 7, programmes were generally effective; but that in 8th grade and beyond they had
Since younger students can be more influence by the power of authorities than the
Smith, et. al, (2005), found in their meta-analysis that school principals who states
larger reductions in bullying over previous one to five years, enough resources currently
dedicated to resolve bullying, and higher amount of anti-bullying programs tended to report
The results led Smith, et, al. (2005) to conclude that, from the perspective of the
school principals, the investment of time, effort, and money, school-based anti-bullying
interventions can yield valuable returns by helping to create school environment more safer
and peaceful for the students and can be a more source of healthy development and a
productive learning.
Gutierrez, et. al. (2016) indicate that an intervention that encourages students to
stand up against bullying and provides them with the means to do it might be a promising
and cost-effective model to address this issue. We find that the intervention reduced the
violence.
Theoretical Framework
conceptualized as individual’s belief in his/her own ability to reach desired results through
their own actions. The influence of self-efficacy beliefs has been proven to have a positive
Intervention programs can help the students to know their rights and believe that they
are not weak; it depends on how the authorities will process it to the students. Intervention
programs regarding bullying can motivate the students about their beliefs that they are worth
who intentionally influences one’s functioning and life circumstances; “In this view, people
are self- organizing, proactive, self-regulating, and self-reflecting. They are contributors to
Intervention programs about bullying can influence the bullie belief about life and
what is good and bad for them. Knowing these intervention programs, they can reflect about
how their personalities affect others, they can also organize their unpleasant behavior. They
can also regulate their life circumstances and can reflect about the things that they have done
and will make them realize that bullying is not good for them.
Anti-bullying intervention programs are not only worked on by the authorities but
also the students involve. Students contribute more than the authorities regarding these with
As mentioned before, authorities implemented the anti-bullying programs are the one
who encourage students to make these intervention programs effective. Authorities shall
have the power to influence to make these programs effective so students will perform and
act on these intervention programs since they are contributors to these programs.
Anti-bullying Campaigns
Problems Encountered
Implication
Figure 1
Montessori School towards intervention plan. Figure 1 shows the anti-bullying campaign of
The paradigm illustrates the reported cases of bullying in Tarlac Montessori School,
how the school addresses the bullying cases or problems. It also illustrates the problems
encountered in the implementation of anti-bullying programs and the intervention plan that
Finally, it seeks to draw an implication and this would be derived starting from the
anti-bullying campaigns of the school to the intervention plan that can be proposed from the
findings of the study. The implication of the study believes to give deeper understanding
about the topic and to be contribution for further researchers that aim to benefit the society
and the field of guidance and counseling, especially, in the concept of anti-bullying.
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the methodology that will be used in the study. Specifically,
this chapter discusses the research design, research locale, and the methods in gathering
data, sampling technique, respondents, data gathering and the statistical treatments of data
Research Design
This research will make use of the Case Study Method. The case study research
method as an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real
life context, when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident;
Research Locale
The study will be conducted in the City of Tarlac, particularly in Tarlac Montessori
School.
The respondents of the study are the students of Tarlac Montessori School from
Sampling Design
The qualifications of the respondents for the study identified by using purposive
sampling technique that is popular type of qualitative research. Purposive sampling is used
when a researcher wants to assess a particular subject or person for the qualification of
certain criteria. When taking sample, people who do not fit in the particular requirements
will be excluded.
The respondents were closer along the following characteristics; students of Tarlac
Montessori School and a student from Grade Seven (7) to Grade Twelve (12).
The researcher will ask a permission to the School Directress and to the High School
Principal to conduct a study. The researcher will also send a letter to the parents of the
students to ask for permission since their children will be the respondents of the study. After
that, the researcher will establish rapport to the students and will orient them regarding the
study and will administer a test regarding anti-bullying programs then the researcher will
Research Instrument
administrating of test, the researcher will make a questionnaire which will be validated by a
psychometrician. In conducting interview the researcher use an interview guide as the main
instrument in gathering precise and reliable data. This instrument was composed of open-
ended questions, so that the respondents will feel free to express their feelings and thoughts
The researcher will use the descriptive statistics in the presentation of data. It used to
describe the basic features of the data in a study. They provide simple summaries about
sample and measures. Together with the sample graphic analysis, they form the basis
virtually every qualitative analysis of data. With descriptive statistics, you are simply
describing what is or what the data shows. Descriptive statistics includes frequency,
and summarize the survey data in a tabular format and interpret data. Specifically, it is a list
of either qualitative or quantitative values that a variable takes in a data set and associated
frequency of survey responses and other data. Many times, percentage frequency distributes
are displayed as tables or as graphs or pie charts. The process of creating a percentage
presented; then counting the total number of observations within each data point or grouping
data points; and the dividing the number of observations within each data point or grouping
data points.
Ranking is a relationship between a set of items such that, for any two items, the first
is either “ranked higher than”, “ranked lower than”, or “ranked equal to” to second. It is
useful method in putting the values in numerical order and the assigning the new values to
The gather data are briefly illustrate in tables. The formula is:
P = f/n x 100
Where:
F – Frequency
P = Percentage
Bibliography
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