Excel Review Center ELEC REMEDIAL 1

Atomic number is determined by the number In materials, what do you call the region that “The force of attraction or repulsion between
of: Ans. protons separates the valence and conduction two charges is directly proportional to their
bands? Ans. energy gap or forbidden strengths and inversely proportional to the
The removal of a non-neutral subatomic band square of the distance”. Ans. Coulomb’s
particle converts the atom into a: Ans. law or law of electrostatics
charged ion What do you call the potential required to
remove a valence electron? Ans. ionization “The force of attraction and repulsion
Part of an atom has no electrical charge: potential between poles is inversely proportional to the
Ans. Neutron square of the distance between them” Ans.
From the energy-gap diagram, which Coulomb’s second law
One coulomb passing a point in one second material has the smallest energy gap
is one: Ans. ampere between valence band and the conduction Used to detect the presence of electric
band? Ans. Conductor charge: Ans. test charge
Which unit of charge contains 6.25 × 10^18
electrons? Ans. A coulomb What will happen to an atom if an electron is Test charge has a charge of: Ans. +1
either taken out or taken into the same Coulomb
A switch is a device that: Ans. opens or atom? Ans. Becomes an ion
completes a current path If a fluid system is compared to an electrical
When an atom gains an additional system, the fluid pump will correspond to a:
Which electronics material opposes the _________, it results to a negative ion. Ans. Ans. battery
movement of free electrons? Ans. Insulator electron
Current is: Ans. the movement of electrons
Current is considered as the movement of: Refers to the lowest voltage across any
Ans. electrons insulator that can cause current flow. Ans. What do you call a diagram that shows the
breakdown voltage electrical connections of a circuit's
What is the name of the pressure that moves components? Ans. A schematic diagram
electrons in a closed circuit? Ans. voltage Dielectric is another name for: Ans.
insulator A short circuit will have: Ans. a large
Components that make up basic electric current flow
circuit: Ans. A voltage source, a load, and Isotope means, the same element but with
a conductive path for current different number of: Ans. neutrons The basic difference between a fuse and a
circuit breaker is: Ans. a circuit breaker is
The basic building blocks that all matter is When the charge of an atom becomes reusable
composed of: Ans. electrons, neutrons, unbalanced, the atom carries a/an: Ans.
and protons Electric charge If an electrical system is compared to a fluid
system, the electrical current corresponds to
Suppose there is an atom containing eight A negative ion results when an atom: Ans. the: Ans. water flow
protons and eight neutrons in the nucleus, gains additional electron
and two neutron are added to the nucleus, Which resistive component is designed to be
the resulting atomic weight is: Ans. 18 A positive ion has: Ans. lack of electrons temperature sensitive? Ans. Thermistor

Series of energy levels containing the What do you call a positively charged ion? Primary batteries, unlike secondary batteries,
valence electrons: Ans. valence band Ans. cation may be: Ans. used once

Electrons at the conduction band are called: What do you call a negatively charged ion? In practical applications, battery voltage:
Ans. free electrons Ans. anion Ans. is lowered as the load increases

_______ are electrons at the outer shell: The process by which an atom is given a net Which voltage source converts chemical
Ans. Valence electrons charge by adding or taking away electron. energy to electrical energy? Ans. Battery
Ans. Ionization
Which material has more free electrons? Batteries differ from fuel cells in that: Ans. a
Ans. conductor The rate at which electrons pass a given battery is a closed system
point in the circuit gives the magnitude of :
Which material has the least number of Ans. electron current A secondary cell generates dc via chemical
valence electrons? Ans. conductor activity; a primary cell generates dc: Ans.
The bigger the diameter of a wire: Ans. chemically
What elements possess four valence more current can pass
electrons? Ans. Semiconductors The space outside or surrounding an electric
If in a material, current can hardly pass, it charge where it has a force of attraction or
Materials that might have eight valence means: Ans. the material has high repulsion. Ans. Electric field
electrons: Ans. insulator resistance
What is true in visualizing electric field lines
An insulating element or material has If a conductor’s cross-sectional area is of force from a charge body? Ans. Field
capability of _________. Ans. preventing doubled and its length is halved, the value of lines are continuous curve and they never
short circuit between two conducting its resistance will: Ans. decrease by a intersect; The spacing between these
wires factor of four lines increases as they get far from the
charged body; The number of field lines
A law of nature makes certain materials tend The amount of resistance that a wire has is directly proportional to the magnitude
to form combinations that will make them with regards to the flow of electric current: of the electric field.
stable. How many electrons in the valence Ans. is less for a conductor than for an
orbit are needed to give stability? Ans. 8 insulator What do you call the total number of electric
lines of force in an electric field? Ans.
From the energy-gap diagram, which The area of a conductor whose diameter is Electric flux
material has the widest gap between valence 0.001 inch is equal to: Ans. one circular mil
band and the conduction band? Ans. The number of lines per unit area in a plane
insulator Where does practically all of the RF current perpendicular to the electric lines of force.
flow in a conductor? Ans. along the surface Ans. Electric flux density
__________ has a unit of electronvolt(eV).
Ans. Energy Why is the resistance of a conductor different Electric lines of force leave and enter the
for RF current than for DC? Ans. Because charge surface at what angle? Ans. 90°
The difference in energy between the of skin effect
valence and conduction bands of a A substance that attracts pieces iron is
semiconductor is called: Ans. band gap known as: Ans. Magnet

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The ability of the material to store electrical The space outside a magnet where its poles Is the quantity of magnetizing force needed
potential energy under the influence of an has a force of attraction or repulsion on to counter balance the residual magnetism of
electric field. Ans. permittivity another magnetic pole. Ans. magnetic field a magnetic material. Ans. coercivity

Relative permittivity is also known as: Ans. What do you call the total number of The amount of magnetic field needed to
dielectric constant magnetic lines of force in a magnetic field? remove residual magnetism from a
Ans. magnetic flux transformer core during each half cycle is
The value of k in Coulomb’s electrostatic called the: Ans. coercive force
force equation ( F = kQ1Q2/r2 ) is oftentimes The number of lines per unit area in a plane
expressed as 1/4πεο. What is εο? Ans. perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force. An advantage of an electromagnet over a
absolute permittivity Ans. magnetic flux density permanent magnet: Ans. An electromagnet
can be switched ON and OFF
The measure of electric field strength per unit What is the unit of magnetic flux in SI
length is known as electric field intensity or system? Ans. Weber Electromagnet whose core is in the form of a
simply electric intensity. What is its unit? close magnetic ring: Ans. toroid
Ans. Volt/meter (V/m), Joules/Coulomb- The unit of magnetic flux density in SI: Ans.
meter (J/Cm), Newton/Coulomb (N/C) Tesla The magnetic flux around a straight, current
carrying wire, is stronger: Ans. near the wire
What do you call the phenomenon whereby The capacity of a substance to become
substance attracts pieces of iron? Ans. magnetized. This is expressed as a ratio In what direction is the magnetic field about a
Magnetism between the magnetization produced in a conductor when current is flowing? Ans. In a
substance to the magnetizing force direction determined by the left-hand rule
A natural magnet: Ans. lodestone producing it. Ans. magnetic susceptibility
If the electrical current carried by each of the
Group of magnetically aligned atoms. Ans. The force between two magnetic poles is two long parallel wire is doubled, and their
Domain _________ permeability of the medium. Ans. separation is also doubled, the force
inversely proportional to the between them: Ans. also doubles
In a magnet, what do you call the point in
which the magnetic lines of force is If the distance between two magnetic poles Reversing the flow of current in a circuit:
maximum? Ans. magnetic pole is halve, the force between them: Ans. Ans. reverses the magnetic polarity
increases four times
Which of the following refers to a What law in electronics where an induced
characteristic of a magnetic line of force? Unit of permeability: Ans. Henry/meter current will be in such a direction that its own
Ans. Travels from north to south through (H/m) magnetic field will oppose the magnetic field
the surrounding medium of a bar magnet that produces the same? Ans. Lenz law
The unit of permittivity: Ans. Farad/meter
Is believed to be the pole where the (F/m) A changing magnetic field: Ans. induces
magnetic lines of force are originating. Ans. potential
North Pole The Gauss is a unit of: Ans. magnetic flux
density The emf induced in a coil due to the change
What do you call a pole that when place in of its flux linked with it is called: Ans. self
air with a similar and equal pole will cause a What is the unit of flux in cgs? Ans. Maxwell induced emf
force of repulsion of 1/4πμο Newtons? Ans. (Mx)
Unit pole If two coils are close enough together for
One Weber is equivalent to: Ans. 108 their magnetic fields to interact, a change in
In a magnet, the straight line passing through Maxwells current in one will induce a corresponding
the two poles is called: Ans. magnetic axis voltage in the other.This condition is known
Voltage in electrical circuits is analogous to as: Ans. mutual inductance
The phenomenon in which a substance _________ in magnetic circuits. Ans.
becomes a magnet when placed near a Magnetomotive force The term of energy that is stored in an
magnet. Ans. magnetic induction electromagnetic or electrostatic field: Ans.
Electrical current is analogous to _________ potential energy
What do you call the quantity of magnetism in magnetic circuits. Ans. Flux
retained by a magnetic material after the What is meant by back EMF? Ans. A
withdrawal of a magnetizing force? Ans. Resistance in electrical circuits is analogous voltage that opposes the applied EMF.
Residual magnetism to _________ in magnetic circuits. Ans.
Reluctance In electromagnetism, what law that
Is the property of magnetic materials, which determines the amount of induced voltage?
retain magnetism after the withdrawal of The reciprocal of reluctance: Ans. Ans. Faraday’s law
magnetizing force. Ans. Retentivity permeance
Electromotive force (emf) is induced
Ability of a material to conduct magnetic flux The Oersted (Oe) is the same as: Ans. 1 whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux:
through it refers to: Ans. permeability Gb/cm Ans. Faraday’s first law

The ratio of material permeability to the Magnetomotive force has a unit of: Ans. The magnitude of electromotive force (emf)
permeability of air or vacuum. Ans. relative Ampere-turn (At) that is induced when a conductor cuts
permeability magnetic flux is directly proportional to its
The cgs unit of magnetomotive force: Ans. rate. Ans. Faraday’s second law
Materials with permeability slightly less than Gilbert
that of free space. Ans. Diamagnetic The effect that describes the ability of a
One Ampere-turn (At) is equivalent to: Ans. mechanically stressed ferromagnetic wire to
Materials with permeability slightly greater 1.260 Gilberts recognize rapid switching of magnetization
than that of free space. Ans. paramagnetic when subjected to a DC magnetic field. Ans.
When you demagnetize property by applying Wiegand effect
What do you call materials, which possess an AC field and then gradually reduced it to
very high permeabilities? Ans. zero, it is called: Ans. degaussing The concept whereby a small voltage is
ferromagnetic generated by a conductor with current in an
In a magnetic circuit, a flux that drifts away external magnetic field is known as: Ans.
Nonmetallic materials that has ferromagnetic from its intended path is called: Ans. Hall effect
properties. Ans. ferrites leakage flux
_________ is called the magnetic field. Ans.
Cores of magnetic equipment use magnetic A force set up when current flow through
material which has: Ans. high permeability a conductor
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An advantage of an electromagnet over a How many nodes are needed to completely If the current and voltage in an ac-circuit has
permanent magnet is that _____. Ans. an analyze a circuit according to kirchhoff’s a phase difference, it would mean the load
electromagnet can be switched on and off current law? Ans. one less than the total is: Ans. reactive
number of nodes in the circuit
A substance with high retentivity is best A resistive and a capacitive load of equal
suited for making _____. Ans. A permanent What theorem we should use in solving magnitude is connected in series, determine
magnet electrical circuits with several voltage the phase difference between the voltage
sources? Ans. Superposition and the current. Ans. current leads the
A dc electromagnet ______. Ans. has voltage by 45°
constant polarity In a mesh, the algebraic sum of all voltages
and voltage drops is equal to zero. Ans. The impedance in the study of electronics is
A material with high permeability _____. Kirchhoff’s second law represented by resistance and ________.
Ans. concentrates magnetic lines of flux Ans. reactance
The sum of all currents entering a junction is
What is used to find the mmf of the iron part equal to the sum of currents leaving away What will happen when the power factor of a
in a magnetic circuit? Ans. B-H curve from that junction. Ans. Kirchhoff’s first law circuit is increased? Ans. active power
increases
The opposition to the creation of magnetic Theorem used to simplify complex circuits
lines of force in a magnetic circuit is known wherein, the simplified circuit contains an What is the significance of connecting loads
as: Ans. Reluctance equivalent open circuit resistance and open in parallel? Ans. it allows independent
circuit voltage. Ans. Thevenin’s operations of loads
Which of the following would shield a
permanent-magnet field best? Ans. Iron Considered as the reverse of Thevenin’s In a parallel resistive circuit: Ans. there is
theorem. Ans. Norton’s more than one current path between two
When induced currents produce expanding points
magnetic fields around conductors in A chosen closed path of current flow in a
adirection that opposes the original magnetic network. In making this current path there Electrostatics is a branch of electricity
field, this is known as _____ law. Ans. should be no node nor elements that are concerned with: Ans. charges at rest
Lenz's passed more than once. Ans. mesh
The capacitance of a capacitor is the ratio:
Permeability is the inverse equivalent of A set of circuit elements that forms a closed Ans. charge to p.d. between plates
which electrical term? Ans. Resistance path in a network over which signal can
circulate. Ans. loop State which of the following is false. The
What are the effects of moving a closed wire capacitance of a capacitor: Ans. is
loop through a magnetic field? Ans. A In a network, what do we call a reference proportional to the distance between the
voltage is induced in the wire; A current point chosen such that more branches in a plates
is induced in the wire; The polarity across circuit met. Ans. Node
the wire depends on the direction of Which of the following statement is false?
motion. The return point in a circuit, where all voltage Ans. An air capacitor is normally a
measurements are referred. Ans. ground variable type
What phenomenon is the lagging of B behind
H in a magnetic circuit? Ans. Hysteresis Mesh analysis is best used together with The capacitance of a variable air capacitor is
what circuit law? Ans. KVL at maximum when: Ans. both sets of plates
The total resistance of a two similar wire are exactly meshed
conductors connected in parallel is Nodal analysis is best used together with:
________. Ans. one half the resistance of Ans. KCL In a magnet, what do you call the point in
one wire which the magnetic lines of force is
The description of two sine waves that are in maximum? Ans. magnetic pole
Resistors with high value usually have lower step with each other going through their
wattage ratings because of _________. Ans. maximum and minimum points at the same What procedure should be followed when
lower current time and in the same direction: Ans. sine troubleshooting with an ammeter or
waves in phase voltmeter? Ans. Start with the highest
_________ is used to store electrical energy scale and adjust down to a lower scale.
in an electrostatic field? Ans. A capacitor Advantage(s) of ac over dc: Ans.
economically produced, transmission of A parallel circuit is also used as a divider for:
What factors determine the capacitance of a ac is more efficient, ac voltages can be Ans. current
capacitor? Ans. Area of the plates, easily changed
distance between the plates, and the A capacitor is constructed of two parallel:
dielectric constant of the material When comparing rms voltages and average Ans. conductors
between the plates voltages, which of the following statement is
true, assuming sine waves? Ans. The rms Most older types of paper capacitors have
Which of the following describes the action of voltage is always greater than the average been replaced by which type of construction?
a capacitor? Ans. Stores electrical energy voltage Ans. electrolytic

Which of the following characterizes What do you mean by root-mean-squared What is wrong with a leaky capacitor? Ans.
inductance? Ans. Tends to oppose (rms) value? Ans. it is the effective value The dielectric resistance has decreased.
changes in current or it is the value that causes the same
heating effect as a dc-voltage What is the value of a capacitor labeled 102?
A coil of wire wound, with or without a Ans. 1000 pF
magnetic core designed to have a higher The power dissipated across the resistance
self-inductance than a straight wire? Ans. in an AC circuit: Ans. true power If the dielectric constant of a capacitor is
Inductor decreased, then its capacitance will: Ans.
In an ac-circuit, if the voltage and current are increase
In electrical circuits, current is known as the in phase, the circuit is: Ans. Resistive
flow of charged carriers, such as electrons. The material used between the plates of a
When can this happen? Ans. when an If the current in an ac-circuit leads the capacitor is called its: Ans. dielectric
electrical force (called emf) is applied, voltage by 90°, the circuit is: Ans. capacitive material
when material used allows electrons to
flow, when there is circuit continuity In a purely inductive circuit the current: Ans. The strength of an electric field at a given
lags the voltage by 90° point is proportional to the potential
What utilizes electrical energy in electrical difference on the plates and inversely
circuits? Ans. load Capacitor value markings are usually: Ans. proportional to the: Ans. plate separation
alphanumeric

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For a given charge difference, electrostatic The chemical bond that is present in a crystal For an electroluminescent of green and red
field strength varies according to: Ans. plate lattice of silicon atoms. Ans. covalent bond lights, which semiconductor is best? Ans.
distance gallium phosphide
At absolute zero temperature, semiconductor
The total resistance of a two similar wire acts as: Ans. Insulator Typical range of power dissipation for a
conductors connected in parallel is semiconductor to be considered as “low
________. Ans. one half the resistance of A semiconductor that is free from impurities: power” or “small signal”: Ans. less than 1
one wire Ans. intrinsic semiconductor watt

Resistors with high value usually have lower The process of adding impurities in a In the design of high power semiconductor
wattage ratings because of _________. Ans. semiconductor material. Ans. doping devices, it involves what factors? Ans.
lower current making the size of the semiconductor
Impurities with five valence electrons. Ans. bigger, packing the device into a bigger
Smaller resistors usually have ________ pentavalent case, excellent contact between the
resistance value. Ans. high semiconductor and the case
Example of acceptor impurities. Ans.
When resistors are connected in series, what trivalent impurities How to have a better high-frequency
happens? Ans. The effective resistance is response in designing semiconductor
increased Commonly used as donor impurities. Ans. devices? Ans. make the chip as small as
Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Phosphorus possible, the leads should be made
What utilizes electrical energy in electrical (P) shorter and smaller, smaller packaging
circuits? Ans. Load
Example of trivalent impurities. Ans. Boron Which semiconductor material has the
When parallel resistors are of three different (B), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In) highest energy gap? Ans. Zinc Sulfide
values, which has the greatest power loss? (ZnS)
Ans. The smallest resistance Donor-doped semiconductor becomes a:
Ans. N-type semiconductor The ease with which a charge carrier
The voltage across any branch of a parallel (electron or hole) moves in a semiconductor
circuit: Ans. is equally applied to all What do you call a semiconductor that is material is known as mobility. Which has the
branch conductances doped with both donor and acceptor highest value of electron-mobility (smallest
impurities? Ans. compensated energy gap)? Ans. InSb
What happens to total resistance in a circuit semiconductor
with parallel resistors if one of them opens? Solar cell is a absorbs the radiant energy of
Ans. It increases. The internal resistance of a semiconductor is sunlight and converts it directly and efficiently
known as: Ans. bulk resistance into electrical energy. This device, uses what
Components that connect in parallel form: type of semiconductor? Ans. single-crystal
Ans. branches The most extensively used semiconductor. or homogeneous semiconductor,
Ans. Silicon amorphous or polycrystalline
A parallel circuit differs from a series circuit in semiconductor, compound or
that a parallel circuit has: Ans. more than Current flow in a semiconductor that is due to heterogeneous semiconductor
one path for current flow the applied electric field. Ans. drift current
What is formed when n-type and p-type
What procedure should be followed when The movement of charge carriers in a semiconductors are brought together? Ans.
troubleshooting with an ammeter or semiconductor even without the application pn junction
voltmeter? Ans. adjust down to a lower of electric potential. Ans. diffusion current
scale. An external voltage applied to a junction
In a semiconductor, what will happen to the reduces its barrier and aid current to flow
A parallel circuit is also used as a divider for: number of free electrons when the through the junction: Ans. forward bias
Ans. current temperature rises? Ans. Increases
The p-type material in a semiconductor
Which are the better test devices used to The electrical resistance of a semiconductor junction diode is technically termed as: Ans.
isolate a suspected open component within a material will _______ as the temperature anode
parallel circuit? Ans. an ammeter or an increases. Ans. decrease
ohmmeter Cathode in a semiconductor junction diode is
What semiconductor that is mostly used in referred to the: Ans. n-type terminal
In a parallel resistive circuit: Ans. there is devices requiring the emission or absorption
more than one current path between two of lights: Ans. compound semiconductor The area in the semiconductor diode where
points there are no charge carriers: Ans. depletion
For high-speed integrated circuit, which region
Kirchhoff's current law for parallel circuits semiconductor material given below is best
states that the: Ans. sum of the total to be used? Ans. gallium arsenide Depletion region is where there are no
currents flowing out of a junction equals charge carriers exist. What causes this
the sum of the total currents flowing into What is the basis in operation of junction to be depleted by charge carriers?
that junction semiconductor photoconductors? Ans. EHP Ans. Due to the initial combination of
optical generation positively charge holes and negatively
Which is considered to be the common charge electrons
reference for a parallel circuit? Ans. Voltage The semiconductor that is used in
xerography: Ans. selenium (Se) A junction diode is said to be forward-biased
A switch is a device that: Ans. opens or if: Ans. A voltage greater than threshold is
completes a current path When an electron at the conduction band applied, with cathode less positive than
falls back to the valence band it will anode.
The name of pure semiconductor material recombine with the hole. Ans.
that has an equal number of electrons and recombination A very small amount of current that will flow
holes: Ans. intrinsic in the diode when it is reverse biased: Ans.
Which semiconductor is mostly used to reverse saturation current
An example of an elemental semiconductor. detect near infrared? Ans. silicon carbide
Ans. Germanium (Ge) When the diode is supplied with forward
What semiconductor that is good for high- direction potential but with a magnitude less
Which of the following is an example of a temperature applications? Ans. indium than the threshold voltage of the diode, still it
compound semiconductor? Ans. Gallium antimonide (InSb) will not “turn-on” and will only allow a very
Arsenide (GaAs), Gallium Phosphide small amount of current to pass. This very
(GaP), Aluminum Arsenide (AlAs) small current is known: Ans. as cut-off
current

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The minimum voltage required before a The time taken by the diode to operate in the In a reverse-biased pn junction, the sudden
diode can totally conduct in a forward reverse condition from forward conduction: large increase in current that occurs when a
direction: Ans. threshold voltage Ans. reverse recovery time particular value of reversed voltage is
reached, and which is due to ionization by
What will happen to the threshold voltage of In operating a diode at high-speed switching the high intensity electric field in the
the diode when it operates at higher circuits, one of the most important depletion region. Ans. Zener effect
temperatures. Ans. decreases parameters to be considered is: Ans.
reverse recovery time (trr) The appearance of RF current oscillations in
The forward current in a conducting diode a dc-biased slab of n-type gallium arsenide in
will ________ as the operating temperature The time required for forward voltage or a 3.3 kV electric field: Ans. Gunn effect
increases. Ans. increase current to reach a specified value after
switching the diode from its reverse-to- What is a varistor? Ans. a voltage-
As the operating temperature of a reverse- forward-biased state. Ans. forward dependent resistor
biased diode is increased, its leakage or recovery time (tfr)
reverse saturation current will: Ans. Which type of transformer is required to
increase exponentially The maximum power the diode can handle. create a 180 degree input to a rectifier? Ans.
Ans. maximum dissipation power center-tapped secondary
The small value of direct current that flows
when a semiconductor device has reverse What is the most important specification for What circuit activity may shift a characteristic
bias: Ans. reverse current semiconductor diode? Ans. Current curve so that diode operating points are
capacity different? Ans. higher power (heat)
Normally, diodes will not conduct when
reverse-biased, but if the reverse voltage is What will happen to the power handling The dc current through each diode in a
increased further, a point will be reached capability of the diode if it is to be operated at bridge rectifier equals: Ans. the load
where the diode gives up and allowing the a higher temperature? Ans. Decreases current
current to surge. This voltage is one of the
limiting parameter of diodes and is known as: Diode parameter that will inform the user as The characteristic curve for the complex
Ans. breakdown voltage (VBR), peak to what factor does the power handling model of a silicon diode shows that: Ans. the
inverse voltage (PIV), peak reverse capability of the diode is reduced as the barrier potential increases slightly with an
voltage (PRV) operating temperature is increased. Ans. increase in current
power derating factor
The breakdown voltage of a junction diode Since diodes are destroyed by excessive
will _________. Ans. Decrease as A device fabricated to utilize the avalanche current, circuits must have: Ans. current
operating temperature rises. region. This is normally operated in the limiting resistors
reverse-region and its application is mostly
In every increase of 10°C in the operating for voltage reference or regulation. Ans. A diode for which you can change the
temperature of a diode will cause its reverse zener diode reverse bias, and thus vary the capacitance
saturation current to: Ans. double is called a: Ans. varactor diode
Refers to a special type of diode which is
What do you call the resistance of the diode capable of both amplification and oscillation. When matching polarity connections have
when operating at a steady state voltage? Ans. Tunnel diode been made and the potential difference (PD)
Ans. dc resistance is above 0.7 V, the diode is considered to be:
The effect obtain when the electric field Ans. forward biased
The resistance of the diode that is significant across a semiconductor is strong enough
when operating with a small ac signal: Ans. which causes the free electrons to collide In a power supply diagram, which block
dynamic resistance with valence electrons, thereby releasing indicates a smooth dc output? Ans.
more electrons and a cumulative regulator
When a diode is used in large ac voltages, multiplication of charge carriers occur. Ans.
the resistance that is to be considered is: Avalanche Electrons in the outermost orbit or shell of an
Ans. average resistance atom are called: Ans. valence electrons
One of the electronic semiconductor devices
At forward bias condition, what will happen to known as diac, function as: Ans. Two Shunting the ac component away from the
the diode resistance when the applied terminal unidirectional switch load is the task of a: Ans. filter
voltage is increased? Ans. will decrease
Another name of a three-layer diode. This is A pn junction allows current flow when: Ans.
When a diode is reverse biased the depletion also considered as an ac diode. Ans. diac the p-type material is more positive than
region widens, since it is in between the n-type material
positively charge holes and negatively When the p-n junction of a semiconductor
charge electrons, it will have an effect of a diode is inserted with an intrinsic material, When a diode is forward biased, the voltage
capacitor, this capacitance is called what? the diode becomes a: Ans. PiN diode across it: Ans. remains approximately the
Ans. transition capacitance same
A four layer semiconductor diode whose
In a semiconductor diode, the total characteristic at the first quadrant is similar to Why is heat produced in a diode? Ans. due
capacitance, that is the capacitance between that of a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR). to current passing through the diode
terminals and electrodes, and the internal Ans. Shockley diode
voltage variable capacitance of the junction The arrow in the schematic symbol of a
is called: Ans. diode capacitance A diode that is especially processed so that diode points to: Ans. p-type material, which
its high-current flow takes place when the is called the anode
What capacitance is significant when the junction is reverse-biased. It is a variation of
diode is forward biased? Ans. diffusion a tunnel diode. Ans. backward diode When checking a diode, low resistance
capacitance or storage capacitance readings both ways indicate the diode is:
A silicon diode that exhibits a very high Ans. faulty
A diode that is especially designed to resistance in both directions up to certain
operate as a voltage-variable capacitor. It voltage, beyond which the unit switches to a In a diode schematic, the anode is
utilizes the junction capacitance of a low-resistance conducting state. It can be represented by a(n): Ans. triangle
semiconductor diode. Ans. varactor, viewed as two zener diodes connected back-
varicap to-back in series. Ans. thyrector An IC regulator receives an overload; it will:
Ans. shut down
The capacitance of a varactor will _______ The diode schematic arrow points to the:
when the forward bias voltage is increased. Ans. cathode lead With full-wave rectification, current through
Ans. Increase the load resistor must be: Ans. in the same
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A characteristic curve is the result of a A curve showing the relationship between Transistor replaces the old vacuum tubes
current versus voltage plot of diode activity, the voltage and the current of the diode at because it has several obvious advantages,
which begins at the: Ans. graph origin any given temperature : Ans. characteristic what are they? Ans. smaller, lightweight
curve and rugged construction, no heater loss,
Rectifier output polarity depends upon: Ans. low operating voltage and therefore
diode installation The line that is plotted in the diode efficient, low power consumption and low
characteristic curve which represents the power dissipation
Thermal shutdown occurs in an IC regulator load: Ans. load line
if: Ans. internal temperature is too high Which of the three regions/areas in a
Diode is said to be operating at a point where transistor that is the smallest in construction?
The conduction band is closest to the the characteristic curve and the load line Ans. base
valence band in: Ans. semiconductors intersect. This point is technically termed as:
Ans. Q-point, operating point, quiescent The region or area in a transistor that is
With a half-wave rectified voltage across the point heavily doped: Ans. emitter
load resistor, load current flows for what part
of a cycle? Ans. 180 degrees What will happen to the magnitude of the A transistor in which the base is diffused and
load-line slope when the load resistance is the emitter is alloyed. The collector is
Which of the following circuits would require decreased? Ans. it will increase provided by the semiconductor substrate into
the least amount of filtering? Ans. A full- which alloying and diffusion are affected.
wave rectifier and a bridge rectifier Quiescent or Q-point position is dependent Ans. alloy-diffused transistor
on: Ans. the supply voltage, the load
The voltage where current may start to flow resistance, the type of diode A transistor whose junctions are created by
in a reverse-biased pn junction is called the: alloying: Ans. alloy transistor
Ans. breakdown voltage A germanium diode is connected to a load
resistance of 1.5 kΩ and is supplied with 12- A transistor in which one or both electrodes
Providing a constant output regardless of ac V such that the diode will be forward biased. are created by diffusion: Ans. diffused
input or load resistance changes is the What is the voltage across the diode? Ans. transistor
function of a: Ans. regulator approximately 0.3 V
A two-junction transistor whose construction
When a diode is destroyed it has infinite Diode circuit that is used to cut a portion of takes the form of a pnp or a npn. Such
impedance. When damaged by heat it will the input signal: Ans. Clipper device uses both electron and hole
probably: Ans. short conduction and is current-driven. Ans.
A clipper circuit wherein the diode is bipolar transistor
The area at the junction of p-type and n-type connected in series with the load: Ans.
materials that has lost its majority carriers is series clipper The predecessor of the junction transistor,
called the: Ans. depletion region and is characterized by a current
What do you call a clipper circuit wherein the amplification factor, alpha of greater than
DC power should be connected to forward diode is shunted with the load? Ans. parallel one. Ans. point-contact transistor
bias a diode as follows: Ans. + anode, – clipper
cathode The ratio of the total width of the outer layers
A network with a diode and a capacitor that to that of the center layer. Ans. 150:1
At any given time in an intrinsic piece of is used to shift the dc-level of the input
semiconductor material at room temperature: signal: Ans. clamper The ratio of the doping level of the outer
Ans. electrons drift randomly, layers to that of the sandwiched material:
recombination occurs, holes are created Half-wave rectifier is a good example of: Ans. 10:1 or less
Ans. a series clipper
In a power supply diagram, which block Limiting the number of “free” carriers will :
indicates a pulsating dc output? Ans. Which of the given circuit below must have a Ans. decrease the conductivity but
rectifier capacitor? Ans. clamper increases the resistance

The mimicking of an open/closed switch by a How many capacitors are used in a diode- If a circuit has an admittance of Y = 0.2 +
diode allows alternating current to be: Ans. capacitor half- wave voltage doubler? Ans. 2 j0.6, the circuit is: Ans. capacitive
rectified
A chopper, employing an alternately biased The circuit admittance Y = 0.2 - j0.6, the
A pure semiconductor material ___ very well. diodes as the switching element. Ans. diode circuit is: Ans. inductive
Ans. neither conducts nor insulates chopper
A series circuit at resonance would mean,
The small amount of ac signal present on the A simple voltage-regulator whose output is the circuit is: Ans. Resistive
output of a filtering network for a dc power the constant voltage drop developed across
supply is known as ________. Ans. ripple a zener diode conducting in the reverse Characteristics of the current in a series R-L-
breakdown region. The regulator circuit C circuit at resonance. Ans. It is at
Special diodes designed to conduct in the consists of a zener diode in parallel with the maximum
reverse direction are called load and an appropriate limiting resistor.
_______________ diodes. Ans. zener Ans. series voltage regulator What is the cause of a minimum Q on a
single-tuned LC circuit? Ans. increased
___ occurs when a pn junction is first formed. What is a bridge rectifier having diodes in shunt resistor
Ans. Recombination two arms and resistors in the other two?
Ans. half-bridge A parallel circuit at resonance would mean,
An electron can move to another atom's orbit the circuit is: Ans. Resistive
only while in the _______. Ans. conduction An over-voltage protection circuit employing
band a zener diode and an SCR whose function is What will happen to a parallel ac-circuit if its
to produce high overload by-pass current on line frequency is more than the resonant
The small amount of ac signal present on the a circuit. Ans. crowbar frequency? Ans. becomes capacitive
output of a filtering network for a dc power
supply is known as ________. Ans. ripple The flow of electron in a NPN transistor when In a series ac-circuit, if the line frequency is
used in electronic circuit is from _______. more than the resonant frequency, the circuit
A two-diode rectifier will not operate without Ans. emitter to collector behaves as: Ans. inductive
a _________. Ans. center-tapped
transformer An active semiconductor device, capable of If an ac-series circuit is supplied with a
amplification, oscillation, and switching source whose frequency is less than that of
The impedance presented by a junction action. It is an acronym for transfer resistor fr, the circuit becomes: Ans. capacitive
operating in its zener breakdown region. and had replaced the tube in most
Ans. zener impedance applications. Ans. Transistor

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Excel Review Center ELEC REMEDIAL 1
_________ is a parallel LC circuit. Ans. If the frequency is halved and the resistance
Tank circuit is doubled, the impedance of a series RL
circuit: Ans. cannot be determined without
In a series RLC circuit that is operating values
above the resonant frequency, the current :
Ans. lags the applied voltage A sine wave voltage is applied across a
capacitor. When the frequency of the voltage
If the resistance in parallel with a parallel is decreased, the current: Ans. decreases
resonant circuit is reduced, the bandwidth:
Ans. increases In order to get maximum power transfer from
a capacitive source, the load must: Ans.
If the value of C in a series RLC circuit is have an impedance that is the complex
decreased, the resonant frequency: Ans. conjugate of the source impedance
increases
Current in a series RLC circuit may always
To tune a parallel resonant circuit to a higher be used as: Ans. a reference
frequency, the capacitance should be: Ans.
decreased Voltage lags current in an RLC circuit when it
acts: Ans. capacitively
After which time constant can a capacitor be
considered to be fully charged? Ans. fifth As frequency increases: Ans. both series
and parallel RC impedance decrease
You could increase the time constant of an
RC circuit by: Ans. adding a capacitor in What is the effect of increasing the
parallel with the circuit capacitance resistance in a series RC circuit? Ans. The
phase shift will decrease.
As a capacitor is being charged, current
flowing into the capacitor will: Ans. decrease In a purely inductive circuit: Ans. voltage
leads current by 90°
After a capacitor has charged for 1 tc, what
percentage of current remains in the
resistor? Ans. 36.8

An RLC series circuit is underdamped. To

make it overdamped, the value of R. Ans.
has to be increased

Which of the following statements is true?

Ans. An uncharged capacitor appears as
a short to an instantaneous change in
current.

At resonance, the term bandwidth includes

all frequencies that allow what percentage of
maximum current to flow? Ans. 70.7

At any resonant frequency, what voltage is

measured across the two series reactive
components? Ans. zero

When the frequency of the source voltage

decreases, the impedance of a parallel RC
circuit. Ans. increases

A sine wave voltage is applied across an

inductor. When the frequency of the voltage
is decreased, the current: Ans. is increased
When the frequency of the voltage applied to
a series RC circuit is increased, the phase
angle: Ans. decreases

When the frequency of the voltage applied to

a series RC circuit is decreased, the
impedance: Ans. increases

To increase the current in a series RL circuit,

the frequency: Ans. should be decreased

When the frequency is decreased, the

impedance of a parallel RL circuit: Ans.
decreases

When the resistor voltage in a series RL

circuit becomes less than the inductor
voltage, the phase angle: Ans. increases

When the frequency of the voltage applied to

a series RL circuit is increased, the phase
angle: Ans. increases

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