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Design and Development of KERS For Bicycle

This document summarizes the design and development of a flywheel-based kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) for bicycles. It reviews several existing studies on KERS and flywheel energy storage systems. It then defines the problem of energy loss during braking on bicycles and outlines the objectives to design a KERS unit that recovers and stores kinetic energy using a flywheel during braking, and returns that energy to assist acceleration. The document describes the fabrication and assembly of the prototype, which includes a rectangular frame, flywheel, shaft, chain drive, and tests the results.

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Rakesh Kumar
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
204 views3 pages

Design and Development of KERS For Bicycle

This document summarizes the design and development of a flywheel-based kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) for bicycles. It reviews several existing studies on KERS and flywheel energy storage systems. It then defines the problem of energy loss during braking on bicycles and outlines the objectives to design a KERS unit that recovers and stores kinetic energy using a flywheel during braking, and returns that energy to assist acceleration. The document describes the fabrication and assembly of the prototype, which includes a rectangular frame, flywheel, shaft, chain drive, and tests the results.

Uploaded by

Rakesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Design and Development of Flywheel Based KERS for Bicycle


Rahul M 4MH15ME077
Rakesh Heggade C 4MH15ME079
Abhishek S L 4MH16ME400
Rakesh Kumar 4MH16ME420
Prof. Mallikarjuna S
Abstract: Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS) is a
system for recovering the moving vehicle's kinetic energy E. Ceuca1 focuses the study on the evaluation of the
under braking and also to convert the usual loss in regenerative breaking energy on a car. This energy is
kinetic energy into gain in kinetic energy. When riding a obtained through energy recuperation which generally
bicycle, a great amount of kinetic energy is lost while refers to the utilization of kinetic energy when the vehicle
braking, making start up fairly strenuous. Here we used is slowing down, this means that when the vehicle is
mechanical kinetic energy recovery system by means of a braking, the free energy produced is recovered and stored
flywheel to store the energy which is normally lost during in a battery so it can be utilized at the next acceleration
braking, and reuse it to help propel the rider when process. The study contains data utilizing electrical
starting. The rider can charge the flywheel when slowing engineering practice and also contains design proposal
or descending a hill and boost the bike when accelerating and strategy in order to accomplish its objective. It can
or climbing a hill. The flywheel increases maximum help conserve kinetic energy that will otherwise be
acceleration and nets 10% pedal energy savings during a transformed into heat energy in the surroundings, instead
ride transforming it into electric energy to be used by the
Keywords: Acceleration, Ergonomics, Flywheel, KERS, machine.
Procurement. H. Liu2, Focuses on Flywheel energy storage (FES), its
key factors and summary of its applications. The key
I. INTRODUCTION factors being "flywheel material" especially what its rotor
is composed of, be it carbon-fiber, graphite or steel it is
A kinetic energy recovery system abbreviated as KERS is
sure to have an effect on its efficiency and possible
an automotive system which recovers the kinetic energy
applications; and "flywheel geometry" which involves
of a moving vehicle under braking. The Kinetic Energy
designs and concepts applied in order to maximize its
Recovery System (KERS) is a type of regenerative
output. The application of FES in vehicles is also
breaking system which has the capability to store and
included in the study with brief description of its
reuse the lost energy. The flywheel based kinetic energy
advantages like prolonging the life of a car engine by
recovery system (KERS) is possible solution which could
having it supplied with constant power which in turn can
potentially replace the electric hybrids. In principle, a
reduce fuel consumption, and that it makes use of short
flywheel is nothing more than a wheel in the axel which
bursts of power taken directly from the FES that is
stores and regulates Energy by spinning continuously.
replenished through regenerative braking which, unlike
friction brakes that turn kinetic energy into waste heat,
There are two types of Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems
changes this energy in order to turn the flywheel for
which have gained popularity in recent days. One is
subsequent acceleration. Though many advantages are
Electrical KERS and another is Mechanical KERS. Both
presented in the study there are still issues of safety and
have their respective pros and cons. The electrical system
energy losses which can be a disadvantage.
is less efficient but it can store power for a longer
duration and gives us the ability to manipulate the torque
and rpm output as per our requirement. In the other hand R. Sebastian3, Proposed the table below summarizes
the mechanical system has a better efficiency (nearly characteristics of different energy storage systems:
twice as that of the prior one) but it is prone to decay due superconducting coils (SCCs), electrochemical batteries
to its inherent property of friction, though it is very small (ECBs) and electrochemical double layer capacitors
in value, hence cannot be stored for loner period and need (EDLCs) apart from low speed (LS) and high speed (HS)
to be used within a short period of time. In the real world flywheel based energy storage systems (FBESs).SSCs
we can find many situations where we need to use the storage energy by circulating current with no atomic
recovered Kinetic energy with in very short span of time losses, require a cryogenization system and are high
of its recovery and we don’t even need a wide range of priced.
torque and rpm output as a particular range of torque &
rpm combinations satisfy our requirements completely. A Sreevalsan S Menon4 Implemented KERS system in a
bicycle is a perfect example of this kind. bicycle with an engaging and disengaging clutch
mechanism for gaining much more efficiency. He
analysed that flywheel bicycle increases efficiency on
II. LITERATURE REVIEW rides where the rider slows often. The additional weight
Many of the papers were published regarding energy as put weighed by the ability to recover energy normally
recovery system and some of the papers that are reviewed lost during braking. The overall result is that KERS
are as follows
2

system is efficient in storing the energy normally lost in and operations like cutting, forming, setup, full
braking and returned it for boosting. welding and assembling components made from
Pavan Kumar L N5 His paper he reviewed about the raw material. A brief description of selection of
mechanical kinetic energy recovery system by means of raw
flywheel which uses kinetic energy to propel when it is
made to stop and redirected to start again. The design 6. Tests and Results: Tests and the results are been
parameters were took from this literature survey for published in the results chapter.
calculating kinetic energy, flywheel, chain drive and
length of the sprocket VI. FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY DETAILS
FABRICATION
III. PROBLEM DEFINITION A brief description of selection of raw material is given
Kinetic energy recovery system stores energy when the below.
vehicle is breaking and return it when accelerating and
vehicles with KERS are able to harness some of this Rectangular Frame
kinetic energy and in doing so it will assist in braking. In The rectangular frame carries the entire assembly. It is
an flat road, the rider must maintain a fixed cruising made up of mild steel.
speed to get from point to point overcoming the Flywheel
intersections, cars, vehicles and turns in the road which The flywheel is mounted at the centre of the rectangular
forces the rider to reduce speed and accelerate by this the shaft by means of a shaft. The flywheel wheel we have
human energy which is feed here will get lost in greater selected is of Tata Sumo vehicle
amount and this is the point where the project comes to .
force Shaft
The shaft holds the flywheel mounted on the rectangular
IV. OBJECTIVES frame it also hold a clutch plate and bearings on either
side of the flywheel. It is made up of mild steel
1. To design a KERS Bicycle.
2. To develop a unit which must meet all the Chain drive
requirements i.e., in terms of cost, reliability, A chain drive connects the flywheel to the rear wheel.
3. Maintenance and stability. The energy stored in the flywheel is transferred to the
4. To develop the designed model. rear wheel through chain drive and we have used chain
5. To carry out the analysis. and sprocket type drive
6. To carryout test-drive
ASSEMBLY
V. METHODOLOGY After all the components are prepared according to the
drawings provided to the operator all the components are
1. Literature Survey: In this stage by studying assembled in the following sequence
various journals papers, books, reference
materials. 1. A normal bicycle is chosen to build a KERS
bicycle.
2. Problem Definition: once the literature survey 2. The fabricated rectangular frame is welded to
done, the problem definition will come axles of the bicycle.
3. A shaft is mounted on one of the bar of the
3. Detailed Design: Detailed design is the phase bicycle in the center
where the design is refined and plans, 4. The flywheel and clutch plate are mounted on
specifications and estimates are created. that shaft,
Detailed design will include outputs such as 2D 5. A chain drive is fixed to one end of the flywheel
and 3D models, cost build up estimates, shaft and rear wheel.
procurement plans etc. This phase is where the 6. A clutch wire is connected from the clutch plate
full cost of the project is identified to front brake section.
We have used the formulas for calculation of
kinetic energy from the flywheel, clutch plate,
shaft and sprocket

4. Procurement of Parts: Procurement of the


parts is referred as the act of obtaining or buying
goods and services. The process includes
preparation and processing of the demand for
the project and getting the right materials.

5. Fabrication and Assembly: Fabrication is the


process of building machine, structures and
other equipment’s by deploying various process Fig 1 : fabricated and assembled cycle
3

VII. TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2011,
This test was carried out to find out how much pedalling 2011.6036455
power can be saved by having KERS bicycle. This was
[4] Sreevalsan S Menon, Sooraj M S, Sanjay Mohan,
done by riding the bicycle on a ground and initial
Rino Disney, Suneeth Sukumaran, Design and Analysis
pedalling was given same and noted down the distance at
Of Kinetic Energy Recovery System In Bicycles, Vol 2,
which the bicycle stops when flywheel is not being
International Journal of Innovative Resarch, 2013,
connected. Then taken 10 m back point from the stopping
ISSN:2319-8753
distance. The experiment was again done by riding cycle
with flywheel coupled from 10 m side and noted down [5] Pavan Kumar L N, Dileepraj H M & Dikshith M E,
the extra distance that was covered by the bicycle and the Kinetic Energy Recovery System Bicycle, International
result is been tabulated Journal of Ignited Minds(IJIMIINDS), Vol.1, Issue:09,
2014
TABLE I
[6] Kevin Ludlum, Optimizing Flywheel Design for use
Number of Trials Distance Covered
as a Kinetic Energy Recovery System for a Bicycle,
Flywheel Flywheel
International Research Journal of Engineering and
engaged (m) Disengaged(m)
1 10 10.6 Technology,Vol.5, Issue:02,2018
2 10 10.76
3 10 10.72 [7] K. Mahadevan, K Balaveera Reddy, Design Data –
Data Book of Mechanical Engineers ( New Delhi, CBS
Publishers & Distributors) Fourth edition, 2013.
VIII. CONCLUSION
As many mating parts are present large amount of friction
loss is found in this system which can be improved.
Boost is reduced because of friction, continuously
variable transmission can be implemented to this system
which would prove in drastic improvement in energy
transmissions. Ergonomics was the greatest challenge and
it can be improved by providing cushioning or placing
the flywheel in some other places

The KERS system used in the vehicles satisfies the


purpose of saving a part of the energy lost during
braking. Also it can be operated at high temperature
range and are efficient as compared to conventional
braking system. Here we are concluding that the topic
KERS got a wide scope in engineering field to minimize
the energy loss. As now a day’s energy conservation is
very necessary thing. Here we implemented KERS
system in a bicycle with an engaging and disengaging
clutch mechanism for achieving the efficiency.

REFERENCES
[1] E. Ceuca, A. Tulbure, M. Risteiu, The evaluation of
regenerative braking energy, International Symposium
for Design and Technology in Electronic Packaging
(SIITME), 2010

[2] H. Liu, J. Jiang, Flywheel energy storage — an


Upswing Technology for Energy Sustainability, Energy
and buildings, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2007,
2006.10.001

[3] R. Peña-Alzola, R. Sebastian, J. Quesada, A.


Colmenar, Review of Flywheel based Energy Storage
Systems, International Conference on Power

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