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International Journal of
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Recent Scientific
International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research
Vol. 8, Issue, 12, pp. 22508-22511, December, 2017
ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR
Research Article
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CURING PERIOD ON CEMENT, LIME-STABILIZED EXPANSIVE SOIL
USING RICE HUSK ASH AND STONE DUST AS ADDITIVES
Samatha Chowdary P1* and Rama Rao M2
Department of Civil Engg., R.V.R.& J.C.CE, Guntur
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2017.0812.1280

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: Expansive soils occurring in arid and semi-arid climate regions of the world cause serious problems
Received 10th September, 2017 to civil engineering structures. Several attempts are being made to control the swell-shrink behavior
Received in revised form 14th of these soils. The major environmental challenge is the disposal of the byproduct solid wastes.
October, 2017 Waste materials such as Rice Husk Ash and Stone Dust are selected as additives to the soil. The
admixture improves the geotechnical properties of joint mixture. (Soil-lime-rice husk ash and soil-
Accepted 08th November, 2017
lime-stone dust, Soil-cement-rice husk ash and soil-cement-stone dust). In this context an attempt is
Published online 28th December, 2017
made to study expansive soil mixed with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and stone dust. In the present study
Key Words: by taking earlier study results of lime and cement stabilization percentage as 8% and to that RHA
and stone dust was mixed in increments of 2% ranging from 2 to 12% are added and subjected to
Expansive soils, Lime, Waste Utilization- different curing periods such as 7, 14, 28 and 56 days was studied by conducting unconfined
RHA, Stone dust, UCS, Curing Period, compressive strength (UCS) studies on the samples for various curing periods. There was a
Pavement. considerable increase of UCS from 0 to 7 days and the constant rate of increase in strength from 7
days to 28 days may be attributed to reaction between RHA – Lime-Cement and CaOH present in
natural soil as soon as flocculation starts i.e. 7 days and was primarily dominated by lime content
and curing. Addition of RHA and Stone dust further improved strength of the mix.

Copyright © Samatha Chowdary P and Rama Rao M, 2017, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original work is properly cited.

INTRODUCTION by utilizing them in the construction of roads and hence reduce

in the exploitation of raw materials and the mitigation of threats
Expansive soils always create problem for lightly loaded to the environment by stone dust and RHA.
structure, by consolidating under load and by changing
volumetrically along with seasonal moisture variation. As a LITERATURE REVIEW
result the superstructures especially pavements usually counter The stabilization process aims at increasing the soil strength
excessive settlement and differential movements, resulting in and reducing its permeability and compressibility. The
permanent damage. Even when efforts are made to improve stabilization processes may include mechanical, chemical,
swelling soil, the lack of appropriate technology sometimes electrical or thermal processes [1]. Methods of stabilization
results volumetric change that are responsible for billion dollars may be grouped under two main types: (a) modification or
damage each year. These methods range from mechanical to improvement of a soil property of the existing soil without
chemical stabilization. Basic purpose of researchers and these using any admixture and (b) modification of the properties with
methods was to check the scope of improving bearing capacity the help of admixture. The examples of the first type are
and reduce expansiveness by adding additives. In these compaction and drainage, which improve the inherent shear
additives various waste materials like, stone dust, Rice husk strength of soil. The examples of the second type are
ash, fly ash, GGBS, waste plastic rich in silica have been stabilization with admixtures like cement, lime, bitumen, fly
proven to be the efficient admixtures and this utilization also ash, stone dust, rice husk ash GGBS and chemicals. In the past
reduces the potential of environmental pollution and disposal of few years, utilization of byproduct industrial solid wastes has
waste. been the focus of many researches [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8].
The main objective of this research is to utilize stone dust and Many of the byproduct solid wastes have been recommended to
Rice husk ash as additives to cement and lime stabilized be used as construction materials, especially for road
expansive soil and check for the strength gain. By performing construction. In a study made on the effect of quarry dust on
unconfined strength studies for different curing periods. There three types of soils (Red earth, kaolinite and Cochin marine

*Corresponding author: Samatha Chowdary P

Civil Engg., R.V.R.& J.C.CE, Guntur
 Samatha Chowdary P and Rama Rao M., Effect of Different Curing Period on Cement, Lime-Stabilized Expansive Soil Using Rice
Husk Ash And Stone Dust As Additives

clay) [9], to improve the geotechnical properties of soils for compaction. In a study on the influence of different mix
highway construction, It was observed that, addition of quarry proportions of lime and RHA on compaction, strength
dust improved the CBR value of soil and the optimum properties, CBR values and durability characteristics of soil,
proportion being 40% of quarry dust to 60% of soil. In a study addition of RHA enhanced not only the strength but also the
conducted California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and static and cyclic durability, soaked and unsoaked CBR value of lime stabilized
triaxial tests on the four most frequently encountered local soil considerably[18].
materials—fly ash, coarse sand, stone dust, and river bed
Methodology of Experimentation
material (RBM)—for their use in the sub base layer of a
flexible pavement[10],it was found that CBR of stone dust was The following materials are used for experimental work.
the maximum value of all, but its behavior under dynamic load Materials used in the study were expansive soil, locally
in triaxial tests was inferior when compared with other available lime, cement, rice husk ash and stone dust.
materials. When compaction, swelling and unconfined
Expansive Soil
compression strength obtained on expansive clays mixed at
different proportions of fly ash and stone dust observed that at The expansive soil used in the current study was collected from
optimum percentages, i.e., 30% stone dust and 25% fly ash, it a depth of 2.0m below the ground level beside highway from
is found that the swelling of expansive clay is almost controlled Amalapuram, West Godavari district, A.P. The liquid limit of
and also noticed that there is a marked improvement in the soil is 86.27% and its plasticity index is 50.27%, which are
strength of soil. In another study [11], the combination of stone high and show that soil has high potential for volume change.
dust and fly ash is more effective than the addition of stone A free swell index of soil 140% indicates a soil of high degree
dust alone to the expansive soil in controlling the swelling of expansiveness.
nature. The combination of 20% stone dust and 25% fly ash
Lime & Cement
was found to be more effective. In an investigation made to
study the effect of stone powder and lime on the strength, Lime used for the current work is a commercial lime available
compaction and CBR properties of fine grained soil[12], it was in the local market & Cement used in the present investigation
found that when stone powder and lime were added at specific is a commercial, ordinary Portland 53 grade Cement.
percentages (10%, 20% and 30%) by weight of soil and mixed
Rice Husk Ash
with the optimum moisture content obtained from the
compaction test results revealed that the addition of 30% stone Rice husk ash used for study was brought from local hotel after
powder has increased the angle of internal friction (φ) by about it was completely burnt. The hotel is situated 4 km away from
50%and reduced cohesion by about 64%. The addition of 30% R.V.R&J.C College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur.
of lime has decreased the friction angle and cohesion by 57%
Stone Dust
and 28%, respectively. The maximum dry density and optimum
moisture content decreased slightly by addition of 30% stone Stone dust was collected from Vasundhara stone crusher
powder, however, the addition of 30% lime decreased the situated 1.0 km away from R.V.R&J.C College of Engineering
maximum dry density and optimum moisture content by 19% Chowdavaram, Guntur.
and 13.5%, respectively. The CBR values have increased
Test Conducted
from5.2 to 16 and 18 by the addition of 30% stone powder and
lime, respectively. In studies made by researchers on expansive UCS test was conducted on different samples for different
soil treated by cement with rice husk ash[13],[14] it was curing periods.
concluded that At specific cement contents, the results
Preparation of UCS Specimens
indicates a decrease in the MDD with increasing RHA
contents, to the minimum at 6% RHA, after which there was a  The soil collected from the site was pulverized with
slight increase to 8% RHA. The initial decrease in the MDD wooden mallet break lumps and then air-dried in an oven
may be attributed to coating of the soil cement by the RHA at 105oC for 24 hours.
which result to large particles with larger voids and hence less  Lime was sieved to make it is free from lumps.
density. The increase in density from minimum at 6% RHA  The optimum content of lime i.e. 8% and 8% cement
content to 8% Ash content could be due to molecular from the studies made by [24] was mixed with the soil.
rearrangement in the formation of “transitional Compounds”  Additives stone dust and rice husk were air dried for 24
which have higher densities at 8% RHA content .UCS hours and sieved from 425micron IS sieve was used.
improvement due to increase in RHA must have resulted from  The required content of additives was mixed to the soil
the pozollanic reaction between the lime liberated from the in increments of 2%, due care was taken to ensure
hydration reaction of cement and the pozollanic RHA to form uniform coverage.
secondary cementitious materials[15],[16]. The effects of  Due care was taken to ensure a uniform soil-lime-
various mix proportions of lime and rice husk ash on additive mixture, soil-cement-additive mixture. Desired
geotechnical properties e.g. Atterberg limits, compaction quantity of soil-lime-additive mix, soil-cement-additive
characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, CBR and mixture was taken in UCS mould and compacted to
swelling of lateritic soils [17]showed that these lateritic soils required thickness at its OMC.
stabilized with lime – RHA mixtures can be used in highway
construction. Also well-burnt RHA passed through 425 μ was Unconfined compression strength test was conducted on soil
used in this investigation for convenient mixing with clay and mixed with lime and cement separately with varying additive
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 International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 8, Issue, 12, pp. 22508-22511, December
December, 2017

content from 2%-12%

12% with an increment in the 2% for various
160
curing periods.
140
The samples thus made for UCS are wrapped apped by means of 120
polethyne cover for moisture recovery and then cured in

UCS kN/m2
100
desiccators for a period of 7, 14, 28 and 56 days.
80
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 60

The physical chemical composition and engineering properties 40

of expansive soil RHA and stone dust, and UCS variations with 20
different percentages of additives at different curing periods are 0
shown in the respective tables and graphs. 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56

Table 1 Physical and Engineering Properties of Soil curing period in no of days

2% 4%
S.No Constituents (%) 6% 8%
1 Silica – SiO2 90.23
2 Alumina – Al2O3 2.54 Figure 1 Variation of UCS with different curing periods for different
3 Carbon 2.23 Percentages of RHA
4 Calcium Oxide – CaO 1.58
5 Magnesium Oxide – MgO 0.53 And also binding effect whic
which results in strength increase is
6 Potassium Oxide – KaO 0.39 primarily dominated by lime content and as the hydration of
7 Ferric Oxide -Fe2O3 0.21 lime is depended on curing and RHA further improves strength.
Table 2 Physical and Engineering Properties of Stone Dust A graph was drawn (Figure-2) 2) showing variation of UCS with
different curing periods for different pe
percentages of stone dust.
S.No Property Value
1 Specific gravity 1.67 Table 5 Variation of UCS with Different Curing Periods
Particle size distribution for Different Percentages of RHA
a) Sand (%) 24
2 CURING RHA%
b) Silt (%) 3.2
c) Clay (%) 72.8 PERIOD 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
3 Liquid limit (%) 86.27 7 61.5 87.6 100.5 110.9 99.6 77.06
4 Plastic limit (%) 36 14 63.5 89.2 103.4 112.4 102.6 101.5
5 Plasticity index (%) 50.27 28 65.5 93.2 107.6 115.3 105.1 83.6
6 IS classification of soil CH 56 68.1 95.1 110.1 118.5 108.3 85.7
7 Maximum dry density (kN/m3) 14.4
8 Optimum moisture content (%) 23 CURNG STONE DUST
PERIOD 2%SD 4%SD 6%SD 8%SD 10%SD 12%SD
Table 3 Physical and Engineering Properties of RHA 7 103.7 114.9 123.9 142.6 136.0 121.4
S.No Property Value 14 105.2 116.4 127.2 143.6 140.5 123.7
1 Specific gravity 1.95 28 109.7 122.9 130.5 148.5 141.5 127.9
2 IS Soil classification SM 56 128.2 136.8 147.7 164.1 150.4 131.3
3 Maximum dry density (kN/m3) 7.3
4 Optimum moisture content (%) 70

Table 4 Chemical Composition of RHA

S.No Property Value
1 Specific gravity 2.77
Particle size distribution
Gravel size (%) 3%
2
Sand size (%) 81%
Silt size (%) 16%
3 IS Soil classification SM
4 Maximum dry density (kN/m3) 20.1
5 Optimum moisture content (%) 9.4

A graph (Figure-1) was drawn showing variation of UCS with

different curing periods for different Percentages of RHA.
From Figure 1it can be seen that at 8% of lime initial UCS
value was 89.21kN/m2, on addition of RHA there was an Figure 2 Variation of UCS with different curing periods for different
increase of UCS to 110.65kN/m2, 128.61kN/m2,and percentages of Stone Dust
121.55kN/m2, 135.64kN/m2for7, 14, 28and56days of curing i.e.
increased by 24%, 36%, and 44% and 48% for 7, 14, 28 and 56 From Figure- 2 it can be seen that at 8% of lime the initial UCS
days. The considerable increase of UCS from 0 to 7 days and value was 89.21 kN/m2, on addition of stone dust there was an
the constant rate of increase in strength from 7 days to 28 days increase of UCS to 148.27 kN/m2, 175.36 kN/m2, 187.33
may be attributed to reaction between RHA - Lime and CaOH kN/m2, 195.45kN/m2for7, 14, 28and56days of curing i.e.
present in natural soil as soon as flocculation starts i.e. 7 days. increased by 89%, 96%, 109%, 112% for 7, 14 and 28 and 56
days.

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 Samatha Chowdary P and Rama Rao M., Effect of Different Curing Period on Cement, Lime-Stabilized Expansive Soil Using Rice
Husk Ash And Stone Dust As Additives

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How to cite this article:

Samatha Chowdary P and Rama Rao M.2017, Effect of Different Curing Period on Cement, Lime-Stabilized Expansive Soil
Using Rice Husk Ash And Stone Dust As Additives. Int J Recent Sci Res. 8(12), pp. 22508-22511.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2017.0812.1280

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