NP1 Bullets
NP1 Bullets
NP1 Bullets
Malaria
Causative Agent: - PLASMODIUM (protozoa) OPV- Number of doses per vial/amp: 20
P. Falciparum (most fatal)
HEPA B , Measles & BCG
Vector
Number of doses per vial/amp: 10
Anopheles female mosquito
Hepatitis B Vaccine - At birth – RNA
Signs & Symptoms: RECUMBINANT, PLASMA
Chills to convulsion, Upper outer portion of the thigh, Vastus
Elevated temperature Lateralis (R-L-R)
Treatment: chloroquine Measles Vaccine - 9 months old – SQ -
Schistosomiasis Upper outer portion of the arms, Right
Causative Agent: Schistosoma japonicum deltoid
Snail : oncomelania quadrasi 85% of measles can be prevented by
Signs & Symptoms: Bulging abdomen, immunization at 9 MOS.
Abdominal pain, Loose bowel
VVM or Vaccine vial monitor - a
movement(black tarry), Low grade fever,
thermochromic label put on vials which
Seizure
gives a visual indication of vaccine potency
Preventive measures
Cold Chain is a system used to maintain
Proper excreta disposal
potency of a vaccine from that of
Agricultural & vegetation improvement
manufacture to the time it is given to child
Let water stand 2-3 days before usage
or pregnant woman.
Mollucides use
Timeframes for the storage of vaccines
Educate in Hand hygiene
◦ 6months- Regional Level
Rubber boots use
Treatment: Praziquantel (drug of choice)
◦ Not more than 5days - Health centers Level I - pit latrines , pour flush toilet &
using transport boxes. . aqua privies
“Eligible population” Level II - with septic vault/tank disposal -
- group of people targeted for specific water-sealed and flush type
immunizations susceptible to EPI diseases.” Level III - connected to septic tanks and/or
Rotavirus vaccine- 6 WEEKS – ORAL to sewerage system to treatment plant.
-GIVEN BEFORE 8 MOS 2 DOSES Bag technique-a tool making use of public
PENTA – 6 WEEKS – IM health bag (open bag 3x only)
MMR- 12 MOS-SQ Public health bag - is an essential and
Maternal and child health indispensable equipment of the public
Home Based Mother’s Record (HBMR) health nurse
Tool used when rendering prenatal care Removed BP Cuff inside bag
containing risk factors and danger signs Home visit - is a family-midwife contact
- guide in the identification of risk factors which allows the health worker to assess
Fe supplementation: 60 mg with 400 mcg the home and family situations in order to
of Folic Acid once a day provide the necessary nursing care and
Postpartum visit- Home deliveries health related activities
- 1st visit - 24 hours after delivery *****cleanest to dirtiest dapat
Health care facility ****priority sunod sunod na to – pregnant
1st- within 1 week – newborn – postpartum – last ang may
3 C of Home delivery mga sakit
CLEAN Hands Epidemiology - the study of disease
CLEAN Surface occurrence and distribution
CLEAN Cord Infection- entry and development or
Vitamin A Supplement to Infants, multiplication of an infectious agent in the
Preschoolers (6mos – 7 yeas and Mothers body of man or animals.
Pregnant women - 10, 000 IU 2x a week Contamination- presence of an infectious
starting on the 4th month of pregnancy agent on a body surface, on or in clothes,
Do not give vit. A supplementation before beddings, toys, surgical instruments or
the 4th month of pregnancy. It might dressings, or other articles or substances
congenital problems in the baby. including water and food
Postpartum women - 200, 000 IU - 1 cap; 1 4 types of disease distribution
dose only within 4 weeks after delivery 1. Epidemic- “The unusual occurrence in a
Viamin A Deficiency (CBQ) - XEropthalmia – community of disease- sudden outbreak of
night blindness a disease in a short period of time
Water Supply 2. Endemic- constant presence of a disease
Level 1 (Point Source) - protected well or or infectious agent within a given
developed spring geographic area or population group.
Level II - With a source, reservoir, piped 3. Pandemic- worlwide
distribution network and communal distribution….geographic area such as a
faucets section of a nation, the entire nation, a
Level III - Individual House Connections or continent or the world
Waterworks System - With a source, 4. Sporadic- “scattered about”. The cases
reservoir, piped distributor network and occur irregularly, The cases are few and
household taps separated widely in time and place
- On and off scattered cases –habitual
occurence
Toilet or sewerage
Nosocomial (hospital acquired) - urinary
tract infections. Hepatitis viruses are the most common
Carriers- “an infected person or animal that cause of hepatitis in the world but other
harbors a specific infectious agent in the infections, toxic substances (e.g. alcohol,
absence of discernible (visible) clinical certain drugs), and autoimmune diseases
disease and serves as a potential source of can also cause hepatitis.
infection to others.
Leptospirosis – Vector is Rat There are 5 main hepatitis viruses,
Causative Agent: - bacteria--- Leptospira referred to as types A, B, C, D and E.
interrogans
Sign/Symptoms: High fever, Chills, B and C - most common cause of liver
Vomiting, Red/ orange eyes, Diarrhea, cirrhosis and cancer.
Severe headache, muscle aches, may Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by
include jaundice (yellow skin and eyes), ingestion of contaminated food or
abdominal pain water.
Treatment: PET - Penicillins G, Hepatitis B, C and D usually occur as a
Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Doxycycline as result of parenteral contact with
prophylactic drug infected body fluids.
Dengue - mosquito-borne infection Common modes of transmission for
Vector is female aedes aegypti mosquito, these viruses include receipt of
day biting, low flying, satagnant clear contaminated blood or blood products,
water,stripes black white body. invasive medical procedures using
Agent is a Virus.. dengue virus 1,2,3,4 contaminated equipment and for
- female aedes aegypti in stagnant water hepatitis B transmission from mother to
treatment is supportive therapy. baby at birth, from family member to
Intravenous fluids child, and also by sexual contact.
A platelet transfusion
DENGUE DIAGNOSIS:
- Tourniquet test (capillary fragility test or FHSIS/Record & Report:
Rumpel Leads Test), a presumptive test Objective:
which is positive in the presence of more 1.Provide summary of data on health
than 20 petechiae within an inch square, service delivery & selective program.
after 5 minutes of test 2. Provides data w/c combined w/data from
TOURNIQUET TEST - (BP Cuff): other sources.
o fluids (most important treatment) like 3. to provide standardized facility level data
oresol and IV base
o paracetamol ( do not give aspirin) 4. to ensure data reported is useful &
o for nose bleeding, flex the neck lean accurate;timely & easy to use fashion.
forward to prevent aspiration 5. minimize recording & reporting
o avoid unnecessary movement burdens;to
o assist in the management of shock. allow more time for patient care and
Dorsal recumbent to trendelenburg promotive activities.
position Components:
1. Family tx record = Daily
What is hepatitis?
2. Target Client list = weekly
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver.
3. Reporting forms = monthly
The condition can be self-limiting or can
4. Output reports = quarterly;annually
progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or
liver cancer.
*Family tx record - fundamental building Method of Survey: tool is Questionnaire
block; foundation of FHSIS • Census (100%) : Most ideal,
*Target client list - 2nd building block enumeratx of data
The Primary focus of CHN is Health conducted 6 mos.
Promotion & Disease Prevention • Sample Survey : Most
Primary goal - self reliance in health or practical study
enhanced capabilities representative of a comm.
Ultimate goal - raise level of # of citizenry Size matters in terms of
Philosophy of CHN- Worth and dignity of validity
man • Interview method
CHN practices -to benefit the individual, • Instrument- interview guide/
family, special groups & community schedule
The comm. is the patient in CHN, Records review •
the family is the unit of care and the Instrument: checklist
ROLES OF THE PHN Ocular inspection/
❖ Clinician who is a health care provider, observation •
taking care of the sick people at home or in Instrument: checklist
the RHU. Participant
❖ Health educator, who aims towards observation
health promo & illness prevention thru • Finalize sampling design &
dissemination of correct info; educating methods
people Probability: Equal
❖ Facilitator, who establishes multi- chances- random- (
sectoral linkages by referral system simple, stratified,
❖ Supervisor, who monitors & supervises cluster)
the performance of midwives Non- probability:
Everyone will not
have equal chances
Community Diagnosis:
o Descriptive research STATISTICS - A science- collection,
o Profile general picture of comm., a organization, analysis, interpretation of
direct health indicator numerical data. Biostatistics: refers to the
o Process by which the people in the application of statistical method to the life
conn & H team assess the comm. H science like biology, medicine.
problems & needs as bases for H Demography: Study of pop size,
programs devt. composition & spatial distribution as
o A learning process for the comm. to affected by births, deaths & migration.
identify their own H problems & Phenomenon of Variation - Tendency of a
needs measurable character to change from 1
o A profile that deposits the H individual or 1 setting to another or from 1
problems & potentials of the comm. instant of time to another within the same
2 Types of Community Dx individual or setting
• Comprehensive- provides the Types of Data:
general health profile of the • Constant- value remains the
comm. same from person to person,
• Specific or problem oriented- time to time, place to place
yields a comprehensive Ex. Minutes/ hour, speed
profile of a particular H • Variable- Ex. Temperature
problem. Qualitative- categories are
simply used to label to Severe headache, muscle aches, may
distinguish & group to include jaundice (yellow skin and eyes),
another, rather than a basis abdominal pain
for saying that 1 group is Treatment: PET - Penicillins G,
greater, higher than the Erythromycin, Tetracycline
other. Ex. Sex, Religion, Color Doxycycline as prophylactic drug
Quantitative- numerical • Can be measured Dengue - mosquito-borne infection
• Discrete- whole number or integral values Vector is female aedes aegypti mosquito,
• Continuous- fractions, decimals, can day biting, low flying, satagnant clear
attain any decimal water,stripes black white body.
Common Epidemiologic Studies: Agent is a Virus.. dengue virus 1,2,3,4
Retrospective (Past) - female aedes aegypti in stagnant water
Cross- Sectional (Present) treatment is supportive therapy.
Prospective Cohort (future) Intravenous fluids
*Independent variable (Cause) - The one to A platelet transfusion
be manipulated ( symbol is “y”) DENGUE DIAGNOSIS:
*Dependent (Effect) - Will always be the - Tourniquet test (capillary fragility test or
interest of the researcher ( symbol is “X”) Rumpel Leads Test), a presumptive test
Bag technique-a tool making use of public which is positive in the presence of more
health bag (open bag 3x only) than 20 petechiae within an inch square,
Public health bag - is an essential and after 5 minutes of test
indispensable equipment of the public DENGUE ns1 – ANTIGEN CAPTURE -
health nurse CONFIRMATORY
Removed BP Cuff inside bag TOURNIQUET TEST - (BP Cuff):
Home visit - is a family-midwife contact o fluids (most important treatment) like
which allows the health worker to assess oresol and IV
the home and family situations in order to o paracetamol ( do not give aspirin)
provide the necessary nursing care and o for nose bleeding, flex the neck lean
health related activities forward to prevent aspiration
*****cleanest to dirtiest case o avoid unnecessary movement
o assist in the management of shock.
Epidemiology - the study of disease Dorsal recumbent to trendelenburg
occurrence and distribution position
Epidemic- “The unusual occurrence in a Leading Cancer Cases in 2010 ----Breast
community of disease- sudden outbreak of cancer
a disease – IN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME lung cancer was the most common cancer
Nosocomial (hospital acquired) - urinary in men
tract infections. In Females, breast cancer was the most
Carriers- “an infected person or animal that common
harbors a specific infectious agent in the ****Smoking (including passive smoking) is
absence of discernible (visible) clinical the most important factor.
disease and serves as a potential source of The Philippine Health Agenda Framework
infection to others. 2016-2022
Leptospirosis – Vector is Rat Financial Protection: Filipinos, especially the
Causative Agent: - bacteria--- Leptospira poor are protected from high cost of health
interrogans care.
Sign/Symptoms: High fever, Chills,
Vomiting, Red/ orange eyes, Diarrhea,
Better Health Outcomes: Filipinos attain RESTV or EBOR (ebola reston) species,
the best possible health outcome with no found in Philippines and the People's
disparity. Republic of China, have been found to
Responsiveness: Filipinos feel respected, infect humans but they do not cause illness
valued and empowered in all of their or death
interaction with the health system. ***antibody-capture enzyme-linked
RH Law, otherwise known as Republic Act immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the
10354 or the Responsible Parenthood and diagnostic test
Reproductive Health Act
Herbal Medicine USES
RA 9482 or “The Rabies Act of 2007”, Niog Niogan Anti-helminthic
rabies control ordinances shall be strictly (Quisqualis Indica) every 6 months
implemented. 2 hours p supper
99 % of cases is from DOG BITE No to less than 4
Saliva of infected animals is the reservoir y/o
*Head (NERVOUS SYSTEM)- most affected Tsaang Gubat Diarrhea
part and most fatal or dangerous site for (Carmona Retusa)
dog bite
Ampalaya DM Type 2-
EQUINE rabies vaccine is derived from
(Momordica obesity
HORSE
Charantia)
HRIG is from human serum Rabies vaccine
is an artificial active
Sambong as anti urolithiasis
given on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 90,
Akapulko for fungal parasites
avoid gluteal area
Rabies vaccine should be administered in
OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) is “Sabin vaccine”
the deltoid muscle
Measles- Subcutaneous
In both pre-exposure and post-exposure
immunization, the full 1.0 mL dose should Cold Chain under EPI
be given 9 intramuscularly o 6months- Regional Level
o Not more than 5days- Health
Ebola: Mapping the outbreak centers using transport boxes.
From the section of WEST Africa Most sensitive to heat: Freezer (-15 to -25
Primary source = fruit bats or flying foxes , degrees C)
old world bats o OPV
Other sources: o Measles
o Chimpanzees Rubeola (measles)
o Gorillas Communicable just before the rash
o fruit bats appears to 4-5 days after rash
o monkeys appears=highly contagious
o antelope
o porcupines The first sign of measles is usually a high
o symptomatic humans fever (often >104o F [40o C]) that typically
Ebola largest outbreak in West Africa was lasts 4-7 days.
first reported in March 2014, Koplik spots—bluish-gray specks or “grains
Virus is named after the ebola river of sand” on a red base—develop on the
There are 5 strains of EBOLA virus buccal mucosa opposite the second molars
EBOZ or ebola ZAIRRE strain is the most First 24 hours
deadliest strain
o Fever, malaise, cough, coryza, Bacillus anthracis.
conjunctivitis most common in wild and domestic
In 48 hours herbivores (eg, cattle, sheep, goats, camels,
o “Koplik spots” (small, irregular, red antelopes)
spots with minute bluish-white B anthracis spores can remain viable in soil
center) first seen on buccal mucosa for many years.
Diphtheria Raw or poorly cooked contaminated meat is
Diphtheria is an acute infection caused by a source of infection for zoo carnivores and
bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae. omnivores; anthrax resulting from
The throat infection causes a gray to black, contaminated meat consumption has been
tough, fiber-like covering, which can reported in pigs, dogs, cats, mink, wild
block your airways carnivores, and people
Shick test for susceptibility to diphtheria: A diagnostic tests include bacterial culture,
+ shicks means no immunity or suceptible; PCR tests, and fluorescent antibody stains
(antigen test) to demonstrate the agent in blood films or
Moloney test – for sensitivity of diptheria tissues
Tetanus Treatment
caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, Oxytetracycline given daily in divided doses
the spores of which are widespread in the also is effective.
environment Ciprofloxacin,Amoxicillin, Gentamicin,
present with trismus (“lockjaw”), which is ,Erythromycin Doxycycline, Streptomycin,
the inability to open the mouth secondary
to masseter muscle spasm. Middle East respiratory syndrome
Nuchal rigidity and dysphagia are also early coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
complaints that cause risus sardonicus, the - CAMEL FLU or SARS of MIDDLE EAST
scornful smile of tetanus, resulting from
a viral respiratory disease caused by a novel
facial muscle involvement
coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) that was first
generalized muscle rigidity with
identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012.
intermittent reflex spasms in response to
stimuli (eg, noise, touch). 1st case - april 2012
Tonic contractions cause opisthotonos (ie, 2nd case - sept. 2012
flexion and adduction of the arms, 1st Outbreak
clenching of the fists, and extension of the - SAUDI ARABIAN PENINSULA
lower extremities).
MERS COV IS A CLADES "B" VIRUS
ZIKA-
The Zika virus was detected for the first Republic of South Korea is the largest
time in a rhesus monkey outbreak outside of the Middle East year
Virus was named after a forest 2015
in Uganda in 1947. A year later, it was camels - major reservoir host for MERS-
isolated in an Aedes mosquito from the CoV and an animal source of MERS infection
same region. in humans
The first human cases appeared in 1952
Highest Risk : IMMUNOSUPRESSION
(CANCER)