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Inventions and Discoveries in The Modern Age: Khryss Lin Deguit GE 5 - Science, Technology and Society (MWF 7:00-8:00AM)

The document summarizes several important inventions and discoveries from the modern age between 1500 to present day. Some of the key inventions and discoveries mentioned include the electric dynamo in 1831 which enabled practical use of electricity; Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 1860s, an early computer; Louis Pasteur's pasteurization process in 1864 which prevented bacterial growth; plastic developed by John Hyatt in 1869; Alexander Graham Bell's telephone in 1876; Thomas Edison's phonograph in 1877 and lightbulb in 1879; the safety bicycle developed in 1885; Karl Benz's motor carriage in 1895, an early automobile; the pneumatic tire invented by John Dunlop in 1888; and the Wright brothers' first successful airplane flight

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Mae Ann Tomimbang Maglinte
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156 views7 pages

Inventions and Discoveries in The Modern Age: Khryss Lin Deguit GE 5 - Science, Technology and Society (MWF 7:00-8:00AM)

The document summarizes several important inventions and discoveries from the modern age between 1500 to present day. Some of the key inventions and discoveries mentioned include the electric dynamo in 1831 which enabled practical use of electricity; Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 1860s, an early computer; Louis Pasteur's pasteurization process in 1864 which prevented bacterial growth; plastic developed by John Hyatt in 1869; Alexander Graham Bell's telephone in 1876; Thomas Edison's phonograph in 1877 and lightbulb in 1879; the safety bicycle developed in 1885; Karl Benz's motor carriage in 1895, an early automobile; the pneumatic tire invented by John Dunlop in 1888; and the Wright brothers' first successful airplane flight

Uploaded by

Mae Ann Tomimbang Maglinte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INVENTIONS AND

DISCOVERIES IN
THE MODERN AGE

KHRYSS LIN DEGUIT


GE 5 - Science, Technology and Society
(MWF 7:00-8:00AM)
Inventions and Discoveries in the Modern Age

The modern age includes the early period, called the early modern period, which lasted from 1500-
present. The Modern Period covers human history from the creation of a more global network (i.e.
the discovery of the Americas by Europeans) to present day.

The Electric Dynamo – 1831

The phenomena of electricity had been known by the ancient


Greeks. Benjamin Franklin had displayed the relationship
between lightning and electricity. But, it was the invention of
the Electric Dynamo by Michael Faraday which really opened
up the way to the practical use of electricity. From Faraday’s
Electric dynamo, we can trace so many modern electrical
machines.

Analytical Engine (computer) – 1860s

Charles Babbage’s analytic engine is often seen as the


forerunner of the modern computer. It has the ability to be
programmed and calculate for this. From these early
experimental machines, we saw the development of later
electronic versions. wasn’t really developed until after the
1940s.

Pasteurisation – 1864

Developed by Louis Pasteur. This provided a way to prevent


the growth of bacteria in substances such as wine, beer and
milk. It made milk much safer to drink.

Plastic – 1869

Developed by John Wesley Hyatt. Hyatt was an American


printer and inventor. He was looking for a cheap substitute to
ivory billiard balls. Hyatt combined cellulose nitrate and
camphor to produce a mouldable versatile material – celluloid.
Telephone – 1876

The telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham


Bell. Scottish born Bell was a teacher for the deaf at Boston
University. In researching ways to teach the deaf, he
experimented with transmitting sound via electricity. Teaching
by day, he spent many hours of his spare time, developing a
form of telephone.

He applied for a form of patent on March 7, 1876. Three days


later he performed a demonstration of the new device, speaking
the words. “Mr Watson, come here, I want you.”

Within five years, private telephone exchanges were in place


in most US cities. It was an invention that caught on very
quickly.

Phonograph – 1877

Thomas Edison found that sound could be captured and


replayed using a rotating cylinder covered with paraffin paper
and a stylus. In December 1888, Edison applied for a patent
and over next few years helped to develop the modern
gramophone based on the wax – cylinder model.

Lightbulb 1879

Throughout the nineteenth century, inventors produced simple


electric lights. For example, Joseph Swan produced a simple
electric light, but, he struggled to maintain a power source and
the filament soon burned out when the vacuum was exhausted.
It was Thomas Edison who made the lightbulb into a practical
low current version. He used a filament based on a burned
sewing thread.

Bicycle 1885

Velocipedes were invented early in the nineteenth century. The


most popular at the time was the Penny Farthing, with its huge
big wheel. But, the big advancement in bike technology came
with the introduction of a chain to link pedals to back wheel.
This enabled a higher speed without relying on a huge wheel.
The key model in the chain bike was the Rover Safety bike
developed by John Kemp Starley.
Motor Carriage – 1895

Beginning development in 1895, by 1898 the German engineer


Karl Benz produced the first modern automobile using a
patented internal combustion engine. The car used electrical
ignition, a water-cooled internal combustion engine and
different gears.

Aluminium 1886

Until the 1890s, Aluminium was considered a precious metal


because it was so hard to isolate. However, Ohio chemist,
Charles Martin Hall discovered how to isolate Aluminium,
through a process of electrolysis. This simple method enabled
high quantities of aluminium to be produced. Its price fell from
$18 a pound to 18 cents. Aluminium has become one of the
most popular and versatile metals in industry.

Pneumatic Tyre – 1888

Invented by John Boyd Dunlop; it was developed as a way to


make tricycle riding more comfortable. His first attempt
involved using an old garden hose fitted with air. He later
developed this idea using a rubber pneumatic tyre and filed for
a patent in 1888. It was later used on both bikes and motor cars.

Box Camera – 1888

George Eastman developed the first small Kodak box camera


made photography much more accessible to the public.
Electrons discovered 1897

Joseph Thompson was the first scientist to show that the atom
wasn’t the smallest element, but, was actually composed of
even tinier particles of which electrons were one.

Radioactivity Measured 1898

Marie Curie played a key role in the discovery and


measurement of radioactivity. Her discoveries led to the
successful implementation and use of X-ray machines by the
First World War.

Transatlantic Telegram

G. Marconi developed the first long-distance wireless


communication. On 12 December 1901, the first telegram was
sent across the Atlantic in Morse code. His invention was
developed into the ‘wireless’ or radio.

Different Blood Types 1901

Karl Landsteiner isolated different blood groups enabling the


first successful blood transfusion later.

Aeroplane 1903

The Wright brothers piloted the first successful heavier than air
aeroplane on Dec 17th, 1903. Within a few years, aeroplanes
were successfully navigating long distances and soon began to
transform both wartime and global travel.
Vacuum – 1908

James Murray Spangler invented the electric vacuum cleaner.


The first model used a broomstick, pillow and a box containing
electric motor and fan. He applied for a patent in 1908. William
Hoover helped finance its development for the mass market.

Radar 1924

Edward Appleton developed a way of detecting aircraft using


sonic radar. This proved useful in the Second World War for
the British who pioneered the use of radar.

Email 1972

The first true email system was MIT’s CTSS MAIL, in 1965.
But, it only worked for those logged into the system. Email
networks included the first ARPANET email sent in 1972
developed by Ray Tomlinson.

The Personal computer 1980s

In the 1980s, the microchip enabled households to have their


own personal computer. This enabled people to print letters,
use for relaxation and multiple other uses.

The Mobile Phone 1980s

The mobile phone enabled people to take calls on the move,


rather than be tied to a landline. Mobile phones also enabled
text messages to be sent.
Internet/World Wide Web 1990

Tim Berners Lee wrote software for the World Wide Web
(WWW) in 1990. This helped to revolutionize the internet and
make it freely available to the world.

The Smartphone 2000s

The Smartphone combined many technologies in one. The


modern smartphone has enabled calls, texts, internet access,
camera and a variety of apps.

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