UNIT 1

SHE READS A NOVEL EVERYDAY

Topics:
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Simple Past Tense

Patterns
1. Simple Present Tense
a. Nominal Sentence (menggunakan to be)

Example:
• I am a police officer. I am not a police officer.
• Am I a police officer? Yes, you are./ No, you are not.

b. Verbal Sentence (menggunakan kata kerja)

2. Simple Past Tense

a. Nominal Sentence (menggunakan to be)

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 b. Verbal Sentence (menggunakan kata kerja)

EXERCISES

A. Write the negative and interrogative forms of these sentences.

1. Rina and her family have cereal for breakfast every day.
2. Doni usually talks to his family by phone every Saturday evening.
3. Rina wrote a letter to her best friend, Dini, last week.
4. Didin invested his money to Billionaire Company last year.
5. Della closed the order of the clothes in new design last night.

B. Form of Affirmative Sentences

1. We sometimes _______________ books. (read/ reads)
2. Emily _______________ to the disco. (go/ goes)
3. It often _______________ on Sundays. (open/ opens)
4. Pete and his sister _______________ the family car. (wash/ washes)
5. I always _______________ to the bus stop. (hurry/ hurries)

C. Form of Affirmative Sentences

Put the verbs into the correct form.
1. I (to like) _______________ lemonade very much.
2. The girls always (to listen) _______________ to pop music.
3. Janet never (to wear) _______________ jeans.
4. Mr Smith (to teach) _______________ Spanish and French.
5. You (to do) _______________ homework after school.

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 D. Make negative sentences.
1. My father makes breakfast. →_______________
2. They are eleven. →_______________
3. She writes a letter. →_______________
4. I speak Italian. →_______________
5. Danny phones his father on Sundays. →_______________

E. Make Questions.
1. you / to speak / English →_______________
2. when / he / to go / home →_______________
3. they / to clean / the bathroom →_______________
4. where / she / to ride / her bike →_______________
5. Billy / to work / in the supermarket →_______________

F. Correct the verb into past form.

1. Last year I (go) _______________ to England on holiday.
2. It (be) _______________ fantastic.
3. I (visit) _______________ lots of interesting places. I (be) _______________ with two
friends of mine.
4. In the mornings we (walk) _______________ in the streets of London.
5. In the evenings we (go) _______________ to pubs.
6. The weather (be) _______________ strangely fine.
7. It (not / rain) _______________ a lot.
8. But we (see) _______________ some beautiful rainbows.
9. Where (spend / you) _______________ your last holiday?
10. Lina (buy) _______________ a bouquet of flowers for her mother last week.

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UNIT 2
SHE IS READING A NOVEL RIGHT NOW

Topics
1. Present Continuous Tense
2. Past Continuous Tense
3. Simple Future Tense

1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

a. Present continuous tense can be used to express something happening right now or
to express something that is not happening right now. Examples of this use include:
 I am singing on the stage today. The boys are playing ball after school.
 She is crying. He is talking to his friend.
 The baby is sleeping in his crib. We are visiting the museum in the
afternoon.
 He is not standing. Anthony is sitting in the chair.
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  You are not watching the movie. Rose is reading a book.
b. Present continuous tense can also be used to show that something will or will not
happen in the near future. Examples of this use include:
 She is not going to the game tonight. He is meeting his friends after school.
 Are you visiting your cousin this weekend?
 I am not going to the meeting after work. Is John playing football today?
c. Present continuous tense can be used for actions that are still happening at the time
of speaking. Examples of this use include:
 Marc is making pizza now. They are eating lunch right now.
 Frances is talking on the phone at the moment.
d. Present continuous tense can be used in questions as well. Here are some more
examples of this use:
 Is she laughing? Are they listening to the
teacher?
 Is the baby drinking his bottle? Are you going?
e. The present continuous tense can be used to describe actions that are being
repeated. Words like always, constantly and forever are used along with the verb.
Examples of this use include:
 Jack and Jill are always fighting.
 She is constantly complaining about her sister.
 Her mother is forever misplacing her keys.
f. Present continuous tense can be used when speaking about current trends.
Examples of this use include:
 Shopping online is growing in popularity nowadays.
 The stocks are dropping constantly due to the economy.
 Today, most people are using text messages instead of the phone.

g. Another use of this tense is when talking about a planned event in the future.
Examples of this use include:
 We are leaving for the beach tomorrow morning.
 The kids are arriving at six o'clock.
 She is speaking at the conference this evening.

h. When Not to Use Present Continuous Tense

There are certain verbs that cannot be used in the present continuous tense. The following
verbs are non-continuous:
 Communication: agree, promise, surprise
 Feelings: like, love, hate
 Senses: hear, see, smell, taste
 Thinking: believe, know, understand

2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

The past continuous describes actions or events in a time before now, which began in the
past and is still going on at the time of speaking. In other words, it expresses
an unfinished or incomplete action in the past.

It is used:

a. To describe the background in a story written in the past tense,

e.g. "The sun was shining and the birds were singing as the elephant came out of the
jungle. The other animals were relaxing in the shade of the trees, but the elephant moved
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 very quickly. She was looking for her baby, and she didn't notice the hunter who was
watching her through his binoculars. When the shot rang out, she was running towards the
river..."
b. To describe an unfinished action that was interrupted by another event or action,
e.g. "I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang."
c. To express a change of mind: e.g. "I was going to spend the day at the beach but I've
decided to get my homework done instead."
d. With 'wonder', to make a very polite request: e.g. "I was wondering if you could
baby-sit for me tonight."
Examples
 They were waiting for the bus when the accident happened.
 Caroline was skiing when she broke her leg.
 When we arrived he was having a bath.
 When the fire started I was watching television.

Note: with verbs not normally used in the continuous form, the simple past is used.

FORMING THE PAST CONTINUOUS

The past continuous of any verb is composed of two parts: the past tense of the verb "to be"
(was/were), and the base of the main verb +ing.

TO PLAY, PAST CONTINUOUS

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I was playing I was not playing Was I playing?

You were playing You were not Were you playing?

playing

He was playing He wasn't playing Was he playing?

We were playing We weren't playing Were we playing?

They were playing They weren't playing Were they playing?

3. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

a. Formula
The simple future is a verb tense that’s used to talk about things that haven’t happened yet.
The formula for the simple future

S + will + [root form of

verb]
S + [am/is/are] + going to + [root form of
verb]
S + will + not + [root form of
verb]
S + [am/is/are] + not + going to + [root form of 5
verb]
 Will + S + [root form of
verb]?
[am/is/are] + S + not + going to + [root form of
verb]?
b. Function
i) The simple future is a verb tense that’s used to talk about things that haven’t
happened yet.
This year, Jen will read War and Peace. It will be hard, but she’s determined to do it.
ii) Use the simple future to talk about an action or condition that will begin and end in
the future.
iii) The “going to” construction is common in speech and casual writing. Keep in mind
though that it’s on the informal side, so it’s a good idea to stick to the will + [root
form] construction in formal writing.

I am going to learn a new language. Jen is going to read that book. My brothers are going
to sleep till noon if no one wakes them up. You are going to see what I mean.

c. How to Make the Simple Future Negative

Jen will not quit before she reaches her goal. Make sure you arrive on time tomorrow because
the bus will not wait for you. He will not say anything bad about his boss. I will not
finish my homework in time for class.

Jen is not going to quit before she reaches her goal. Make sure you arrive on time tomorrow
because the bus is not going to wait for you. He is not going to say anything bad about his
boss. I am not going to finish my homework in time for class.

d. How to Ask a Question

Will Jen finish War and Peace over the summer? Will I have the discipline to study Spanish
every day? What will you buy with the money you found?

Is Jen going to finish War and Peace over the summer? Am I going to have the discipline to
study Spanish every day? What are you going to buy with the money you found?

EXERCISES

A. Change the verbs in the brackets to make a right present continuous tense sentences

1. I (do) my homework.
2. She (work) as a receptionist.
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3. He (stay) with his parents at the moment.
4. I (water) the plants now.
5. He is busy at the moment. He (talk) to a friend.
6. You (eat) too much fat food right now.
7. Dina and Danu (watch) a TV program for parents at the moment.
8. Riri (cook) an omelette right now.
9. The queen (write) a letter at the moment.
10.The doctor (examine) the patient right now.

B. Put the verbs into the correct form (past continuous).

1. When I phoned my friends, they (play) ___________ monopoly.
2. Yesterday at six I (prepare) ___________ dinner.
3. The kids (play) ___________ in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4. I (practice) ___________ the guitar when he came home.
5. We (not / cycle) ___________ all day.
6. While Alan (work) ___________ in his room, his friends (swim) ___________ in the
pool.
7. I tried to tell them the truth but they (not / listen) ___________.
8. What (you / do) ___________ yesterday?
9. Most of the time we (sit) ___________ in the park.
10. I (listen) ___________ to the radio while my sister (watch) ___________ TV.
11. When I arrived, They (play) ___________ cards.
12. We (study) ___________ English yesterday at 4:00 pm .

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 UNIT 3
IF I DO MY HOMEWORK, I WILL GET GOOD GRADES

Topics
1. Conditional Sentences Type 1
2. Conditional Sentences Type 2
3. Conditional Sentences Type 3

A. Zero Conditional Sentence

if + Present Simple, Present

Simple
Example: If you heat water, it boils.

B. First Conditional Sentence

if + Present Simple, S + will infinitive
if + S + Ves/s, S + will + V1

 We use the First Conditional to talk about possible future events that depend on
other future events.
If I pass my exams, my parents will buy me a scooter.
Other possible patterns in the First Conditional:
If we save enough money, we can go on holiday. – can
If you see him, tell him to give me a ring. - imperative

C. Second Conditional Sentence

if + Past Simple, would / could / might +
infinitive
if + S + V2, S + would / could / might + V1
 We use the Second Conditional:
if + Present Simple, Present Simple
1. To talk about imagined, impossible or unlikely events in the future.
If I had enough money, I would love to do something like that.
(the sentence refers to the future)
2. To talk about impossible present situations.
If I were you, I would study more.
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 D. Third Conditional Sentences

if + Past Perfect, would/could/might + Perfect Infinitive

if + S + had + V3, S + would/could/might + have +
V3
if + S + V2, S + would / could / might + V1
 We use the Third Conditional to talk about unreal situations in the past and to
if + Present Simple, Present Simple
imagine things that did not happen.
If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam.
If I hadn’t broken my leg, I would have gone skiing.

E. Inversion in Conditional Sentences

 Conditional sentences with inversion are more formal than those that follow the
usual word order.
 In real conditionals inversion is found with the modal verb should, but it is only
used in formal language.
 Look at the following examples:
If you need more information, call our office in Green Street.
If you should require any further information, please contact us at our office in Green
Street. (formal)
Should you require any further information, please contact us at our office in Green Street. (more
formal than the previous example)
In unreal conditionals it is common to find inversions in formal language.
Were the negotiations to fall through, it would bring about unforeseen problems. (If the
negotiations were to fall through,...)
Had I known about Mr Smith's behaviour sooner , I would have fired him immediately. (If I
had known about Mr Smith's behaviour sooner,...)

In negative clauses with inversion, we don't use contracted forms:

 Had the people not been informed, the situation would have been much worse.

EXERCISES

A. Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I.

1. If you (go) out with your friends tonight, I (watch) the football

match on TV.
2. I (earn) a lot of money if I (get) that job.

3. If she (hurry / not) , we (miss) the bus.

4. If I (finish) early, I will call you.

5. I (catch) the 9:00 train if I hurry up .

6. She will know the answer, if she (try) to understand.

B. Complete the Conditional Sentences Type II.

1. If I (be) a star, I would help the needy.

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 2. He (buy) a house if he had a job.

3. She (be) happy, if she married him.

4. If he (try) harder, he (reach) his goals.

5. I (buy) these shoes if they (fit) .

6. It (surprise / not) me if he (know / not) the answer.

C. Complete the Conditional Sentences Type III.

1. If we (listen) to the radio, we (hear) the news.

2. If you (switch) on the lights, you (fall / not) over the chair.

3. She (come) to our party if she (be / not) on holiday.

4. If he (be) careful, he would not have had that terrible accident.

5. I (pass) the exam if I had worked hard.

6. Her father would not have died, if he (go) to the doctor.

D. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1. If you park in a restricted area, you _____ a ticket on your windshield.
a. would find b. will find c. found d. could found
2. I get nervous if I _____ in front of a group.
a. had to speak b. spoke c. have to speak d. will speak
3. If today _____ Friday, we could sleep in tomorrow morning.
a. is b. were c. will be d. was
4. If you ____ more sleep, you _____ be so tired all of the time.
a. get/would c. got/wouldn’t
b. got/won’t d. don’t get/aren’t going to
5. She _____ $20 in finance charges if she _____ her bill by the due date.
a. had saved/pays c. could have saved/will pay
b. could save/will pay d. could have saved/had paid
6. They_____ such a big van ______ the price of gas would skyrocket.
a. would have bought/if they knew
b. wouldn’t have bought/if had they known
c. wouldn’t have bought/had they known
d. wouldn’t have bought/had they knew
7. If I _____ so much in this class, I ______ here.
a. wasn’t learning/would be c. weren’t learning/wouldn’t be
b. am not learning/won’t be d. wasn’t learning/wouldn’t be
8. I wish I _____ myself better in English, but I _____.
a. will express/won’t c. would express/won’t
b. could express/can’t d. can express/can’t

E. Read these conditional sentences. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb form.
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1. My grandmother always used to say, “If it rains, it _______________ (pour).”
2. Do you believe that if you _______________ (walk) under a ladder, you’ll have bad
luck?
3. Imagine—if money _______________ (grow) on trees, we’d all be rich!
4. I don’t understand the meaning of the proverb, “If wishes _______________ (be)
horses, beggars would ride.”
5. If John Pemberton _______________ (invent, not) Coca-Cola in 1886, we
_______________ (drink, not) it today.
6. If you _______________ (live) in the U.S. in 1824, you _______________ (be) one of
the first Americans to taste pretzels.
7. Do you ever wish you _______________ (be) someone famous?
8. _______________ we _______________ (study, not) inverted conditionals in this
chapter, we _______________ (know, not) the answer to this!

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 UNIT 4
THE THIEF WAS CATCHED BY THE POLICE LAST NIGHT

Topic: Passive voice

FUNGSI DARI PASSIVE VOICE

Kalimat pasif atau passive voice digunakan untuk menunjukkan ketertarikan pada seseorang atau
objek yang dikenai tindakan dan bukan seseorang atau objek yang melakukan tindakan. Jadi, hal
atau orang yang terpenting akan menjadi subjek kalimat.

Tense Voice Subject Verb Object

Simple Active Andi writes a letter.
Present
Passiv A letter is written by Andi.
e
Simple Active Andi wrote a letter
Past
Passiv A letter was by Andi.
e written
Simple Active Andi will write a letter
Future
Passiv A letter will be by Andi.
e written
EXERCISES

Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

Part A
1. He opens the door. -
2. We set the table.
3. She pays a lot of money. –
4. I draw a picture.
5. They wear blue shoes.
6. They don't help you.
7. He doesn't open the book.
8. You do not write the letter.

Part B
1. She sang a song.
2. Somebody hit me.
3. We stopped the bus.
4. A thief stole my car.
5. They didn't let him go.
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 6. She didn't win the prize.
7. They didn't make their beds.
8. I did not tell them.

Part C
1. Jane will buy a new computer.
2. Her boyfriend will install it.
3. Millions of people will visit the museum.
4. Our boss will sign the contract.
5. You will not do it.
6. They will not show the new film.
7. He won't see Sue.
8. They will not ask him.

Part D
Lengkapilah data kata kerja berikut ini. Gunakanlah kamusmu.

Verb root V2 for simple V3 for past participle tense Meaning in Bahasa
past tense and passive voice Indonesia
afford
apply
appreciate
arrange
attend
break
bring
build
buy
clean
close
collect
complete
cook
cry
decide
describe
drive
eat
emphasize
explain
explore
fall
fill
find
finish
follow
generate
grow
grow
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 hit
hold
hug
identify
identify
imagine
improve
kick
listen
manage
open
park
pay
peel
play
play
pray
pray
produce
put
read
ride
ring
rise
see
sing
spill
stir
study
submit
sweep
swim
think
touch
type
walk
write

Part E

14
 UNIT 5
PARTS OF SPEECH

Topics: Parts of Speech (Jenis kata)

Parts of Speech in English:

1. A noun (KATA BENDA) is a person, place, thing, or idea.

Nouns are the subject of a sentence.
A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea:
People farmer, mechanic, father, Professor Haskins, editors, Marcia
Places ocean, Canada, porch, Spain, classroom
Things scissors, giraffe, pen, smiles, tugboat, skateboard, braces, drill
Ideas love, inspiration, courage, anxiety, eagerness, happiness
2. A pronoun (KATA GANTI) is a word that takes the place of a noun.
Examples: I, me, my, you, your, he, she, it, us, we, they, them, his, her, their, mine, our, myself,
himself, herself, itself, yourself, themselves, ourselves, who, whose, whom, anybody, anyone,
everybody, nobody, someone, somebody.
3. An adjective (KATA SIFAT) is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. It tells what kind,
how many, or which one.
Example: strong, beautiful, wise.
4. A verb (KATA KERJA) is the action of the sentence. It shows what someone or something is
doing.
5. An adverb (KATA KETERANGAN) describes how the action is performed. They tell how
much, how often, when and where something is done.
Salah satu cara membentuk kata keterangan: adjective + ly
Contoh: quick + ly = quickly
slow + ly = slowly

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 6. A conjunction (KATA HUBUNG) is a word that joins words or word groups together.
Some examples conjunctions are: and, but, or, nor, although, yet, so, either, and also.
Beberapa conjuction bisa disingkat dengan FANBOYS
Apakah itu? _____________________________________________________________
7. A preposition (KATA DEPAN) is a word that shows position or, direction. Some examples
are in, out, under, over, after, out, into, up, down, for, and between.
8. Interjection (KATA SERU) is a word that shows strong emotion. Such examples are Wow!,
Ouch!, Hurray!, and Oh no!
Interjections can really liven up a sentence. They help to add voice to your writing.
Aw Bravo Darn Dear me
Eek Eh Gee Golly
Goodness Gracious Gosh Hey
Horrors Hurrah Hurray Mmm
Oh Oh no Oops Ouch
Phew Really Ugh
Well Whoa Whoops Wow
Yea Yeh Yes Yippee
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EXERCISES

Part A
For each underlined word in the following sentences, identify and then write the part of speech on
the line next to the number. Each part of speech is used at least once. Each correct answer earns 5
points. Use the following abbreviations:

1. They attended the concert last weekend. Verb

2. Several cats ran into Rob’s garage. _____________
3. The truck driver delivered the packages quickly. _____________
4. Fast runners won all the awards at the track meet. _____________
5. My friends and I walked home after school. _____________
6. I wanted a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch yesterday. _____________
7. She was counting the ballots during social studies class. _____________
8. Hey! That is my seat. _____________
9. Will they finish the test on time? _____________
10. The diagram was pretty complicated for us. _____________
11. He will practice his musical piece soon. _____________
12. Reggie saw the awesome sight from the air. _____________
13. Her sister is the oldest member of the group. _____________
14. Check the score, Tom. _____________
15. Will the students be able to find the answer by themselves? _____________
16. Are you sure of yourself? _____________
17. They slowly carried the couch down the stairs. _____________
18. Can you see beyond the hills from the top of the tower? _____________
19. Hurray! Our team has finally scored a touchdown. _____________
20. The troop had been scattered throughout the woods. _____________

Number correct _ X 5 _ = ____________

Part B
On the line next to the number, write the first letter of the word indicated by the part of speech in
the parentheses. Underline the indicated word within the sentence. Each correct answer is worth 4
points.
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1. (preposition) He walked around the corner. around
2. (pronoun) Paul hopes that she will sing with the choir. _____________
3. (pronoun) Can Jerry help him with the science project? _____________
4. (noun) Have you seen the eraser? _____________
5. (noun) The lock was stuck. _____________
6. (noun) She purchased the margarine with him. _____________
7. (adjective) Older people tire more easily. _____________
8. (adjective) He is agile. _____________
9. (adjective) Kind people are often rewarded. _____________
10. (adverb) The police officer ran fast. _____________
11. (adverb) My sister answered the question intelligently. _____________
12. (adverb) You really should see this art exhibit, Kenny. _____________
13. (preposition) Reggie fell by the stairs. _____________
14. (preposition) Can you jump over the hurdle? _____________
15. (preposition) May I sit between you two? _____________
16. (verb) Joke about it now. _____________
17. (verb) They overcharged me. _____________
18. (verb) Ozzie, eat up. _____________
19. (conjunction) I cannot go, for I have much to do. _____________
20. (conjunction) I like peanuts and potato chips. _____________
21. (conjunction) He wants to buy the house, yet he knows it is too expensive. _____________
22. (interjection) Jeepers! This is a great deal. _____________
23. (interjection) Ah! The sun is so warm. _____________
24. (interjection) No! I will never try that. _____________
25. (adverb) Georgette eventually walked her brother to the station. _____________

Number correct _ X 4 = _

Part C
Find 20 nouns that you can find in the classroom.

17
Part D
Underline the conjunction or pair of conjunctions in each sentence:
1. Lyle chose both steak and salad for his dinner.
2. I chose neither steak nor salad for my dinner.
3. Either you or he can drive Dad to the train station tomorrow morning.
4. The panda wanted to eat, for he was hungry.
5. Peanut butter and jelly is Rex’s favourite sandwich.
6. Not only the girls but also the boys will be invited to the assembly.
7. Sara did not know whether to swing at the ball or take the pitch.
8. Mark would like to go, but he cannot.
9. Rich likes the food at this restaurant, yet he seldom eats here.
10. Run with him or her.

Part E
Decide whether each underlined word is a noun (N), pronoun (PN), verb (V), adjective (ADJ),
adverb (ADVB), conjunction (C), preposition (P), or interjection (I). Then write its abbreviation on
the line before the sentence. Each correct answer scores 5 points.

1. Slow down. _____________

2. I would like to go, but I have to help my sister. _____________
3. Can you please drive more slowly? _____________
4. He is our legislator. _____________
5. The captain looked for a better route. _____________
6. Wow! Are we there already? _____________
7. The pictures fell from the table. _____________
8. I can certainly use your help during the ordeal. _____________
9. This extravagant home is overpriced even for today’s market. _____________
10. Mom and Dad just returned from Charlotte, North Carolina. _____________
11. Diplomacy is the best tactic. _____________
12. They think that their dog will like it. _____________
13. Some of these stories are discussed often. _____________
14. Either the giraffe or the monkey will be fed now. _____________
15. We will probably hinder the process if we try to help them. _____________
16. Helene cautiously approached the dog. _____________
17. Can you help with the moving? _____________
18. They will do most of the moving themselves. _____________
19. I am not hungry. _____________
20. This is a very pretty necklace. _____________
Number correct _ X 5 = _

18
 UNIT 6
An Hour, A University

Topic: Article a/ an

The indefinite article – a/ an

The indefinite article a is the same for all genders.
 a boy
 a girl
 a cat
The indefinite article has no plural form.
 a boy → boys
We use an if the following word starts with a spoken vowel.
the following word starts with a the following word starts with a
spoken consonant spoken vowel

 a boy  an aunt
 a school  an old school
 a girl  an American girl

Mind the pronunciation of the following word.

The first sound we speak is [j], so we The first sound we speak is [ʌ], so we
use a → a unit, a university use an → an uncle, an hour
Use of the indefinite article a/an
1. before phrases of time and measurements (per week/weekly)

 We have English 4 times a week.

 I go on holiday twice a year.
 Our car can do 220 kilometres an hour.
 Tomatoes are $2 a kilo.
2. before phrases of jobs

 My father is a car mechanic.

3. with a noun complement

 He is a good boy.
4. before phrases of nationality

Bruce Springsteen is an American.

5. half/quite

 We need half a pound of sugar.

EXERCISES
Insert a or an ARTICLES Exercises Indefinite article
1. This is .......... orange. 6. This is .......... umbrella.
2. That is ......... book. 7. That is ......... university
3. This is .......... hospital. 8. I'll be away for ........... hour
4. That is .......... egg. 9. What ......... nice day!
5. He is eating .......... apple. 10 a horse is an animal.
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.
1. book 6. child

2. exam 7. car

3. engineer 8. jacket

4. teacher 9. elephant

5. English book 10. university

11. movie 16. airplane

12. mouse 17. board

13. octopus 18. box

14. hour 19. an honor

15. dictionary 20. bike

UNIT 7
SKIMMING AND SCANNING

A. SKIMMING

Skimming dalam bahasa Indonesia memiliki artian sekilas. Teknik membaca ini digunakan
saat kita ingin menemukan ide utama secara keseluruhan dari sebuah buku. Dengan cara ini,
berarti kita tidak membaca buku kata perkata melainkan berlompatan dari satu bagian ke bagian
lain untuk melihat pokok pikiran utama dari topik yang dibaca. Dari situ, kita bisa
menentukan nih isi tulisan mana saja yang perlu dibaca lebih lanjut secara detail.

Bagaimana cara melakukan skimming?

1. Baca dari judul dan sub judul dari sebuah buku untuk mengetahui ide utama yang dibahas
2. Hindari membaca isi buku kata demi kata
3. Bila diperlukan, baca bagian awal dan akhir kalimat dari setiap paragraf
4. Baca dengan teliti paragraf akhir yang biasanya berisi kesimpulan
5. Perhatikan juga ilustrasi seperti gambar atau foto kalau ada, untuk memudahkan memahami isi
bacaan lebih jauh
6. Setelah selesai, coba berhenti sejenak untuk memahami isi tulisan tersebut

B. SCANNING

Scanning dalam bahasa Indonesia memiliki artian sepintas. Teknik membaca ini digunakan
untuk mendapatkan informasi spesifik secara cepat dan akurat dari sebuah buku.

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Biasanya, scanning digunakan ketika kita sudah mengetahui apa yang ingin kita cari sehingga akan
berfokus pada isi buku yang spesifik.

Bagaimana cara melakukan scanning?

1. Perhatikan penggunaan urutan seperti: “angka”, “huruf”, “langkah”, “selanjutnya” dan
seterusnya
2. Carilah kata yang dicetak tebal, miring, atau yang dicetak berbeda dengan tulisan lainnya
3. Kadang kala penulis menempatkan kata kunci di batas paragraph

Dalam penggunaannya, skimming dan scanning bisa digunakan secara bersamaan.

Misalnya, saat mempelajari buku yang belum pernah di baca kita bisa memulai dari skimming dan
menentukan materi apa saja yang menarik di baca. Lalu, untuk memiliki pemahaman yang lebih
baik kita bisa lakukan scanning dari kata-kata kunci materi yang ingin kita pelajari.
Lalu, ketika kita sudah tahu apa yang ingin kita pelajari, kita bisa memulai dari scanning kata
kunci yang ingin kita pelajari. Setelah menemukan, kita dapat skimming untuk mendapatkan
pemahaman materi secara sederhana dan cepat.

SUMBER BELAJAR ONLINE

a. https://www.englishgrammar.org/simple-present-present-continuous-tense-
exercise/
b. https://www.learngrammar.net/a/examples-of-inversion-used-in-conditional-
sentences
c. https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-3

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