THE NEED FOR POLICEWOMEN DURING POLICE

OPERATIONS ON CHILD ABUSE IN VALENZUELA CITY

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty

of Our Lady of Lourdes College

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

in Criminological Research and Statistics

for the Degree of Bachelor of

Science in Criminology

BY:

Delos Santos, Jayson D.

Cebu, France Gerald P.

Villanueva, Ronald C.

Taccad, Franjelico A.

Babon, Dennis T.

Cabale, Jason B.

Flores, Jonjon L.

October 2018
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “THE NEED FOR POLICEWOMAN DURING

POLICE OPERATIONS ON CHILD ABUSE IN VALENZUELA CITY” was
prepared and submitted by in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of
Science in Criminology, has been examined and recommended for Oral
Examination on October 2018.

PROFESSOR JACINTO G. RAMOS

Adviser

Approved as a partial fulfillment of the requirements in Criminological

Research and Statistics leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Criminology by the Examination Committee with the rating of ______.

Lorenzo A. Sabug Hermogenes C. Gadia

Member Member

Ariel A. Yamzon

Member

Accepted and approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

WAYNEFRED H. VILLARBA, PhD

Dean, College of Criminology
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The research team would like to express gratitude to the people who
cooperated and contributed to make this research possible.

First of all, to the Almighty God above, for the spiritual enlightenment,
the wisdom and constant flow of ideas which helped for lighting up the lump of
hope, encouragement and patience for the success of this research. For theses
graces, our prayers of thanks.

To Prof. Jacinto G. Ramos, for giving us the proper knowledge and

wisdom in order to deal with the matters regarding this research, we sincerely
express our gratitude

To Dean Waynefred H. Villarba, for guiding us properly on things we

should focus on and for sharing knowledge for us to learn, we sincerely give
thanks.

To the police officers and students of Valenzuela city, for giving us

opinions on the matter, as well as for their untiring cooperation in accomplishing
this research, our utmost gratitude.

Our sincerest thanks for our school, Our Lady of Lourdes College, for
the seeds and foundation of our knowledge towards the success we will be
facing ahead.
 DEDICATION

We would like to dedicate this thesis to our beloved parents for their
continual support and financial assistance during the completion of this
research.

To all Bachelor of Science Criminology students, for future research

reference.

To Our Lady of Lourdes College administrators, staff and professors,

who provided us knowledge throughout our endeavors.

To God, who protected and provided us with Wisdom.

The researchers,

J.D.D

D.T.B

J.L.F

J.B.C

FG.C

F.A.T

R.C.V
 ABSTRACT

This study focuses on the need for policewoman during police operations
against child abuse. The study also tackles the importance of policewoman on
the police service as well as some history regarding the important advantages
of a policewoman officer against child abuse operations. Researchers were
able to gather information with the cooperation of some police officers and
students in Valenzuela City, mainly on PCP-9. The results were made based
on the answers from the questionnaires given to the respondents. The result of
the computation was; majority of the respondents believes that female police
officers are needed on police operations on child abuse.

Police have a legal responsibility to safeguard children under 18,

together with other agencies such as the local authority, healthcare
professionals and schools. This includes sharing information held by police
which is relevant to protect a child from harm.

When a child has been the victim of child abuse within the family, police
will often work together with social workers to interview the child or conduct joint
visits to the home.

The police will investigate criminal offences such as physical assaults,

sexual assaults and neglect of children. They don’t always decide to prosecute
because it’s sometimes more appropriate for the family to work with social
workers to protect the child.

Whether the police prosecute or not, there will, in some cases, be a need
for structured support to protect the child. If so, the local authority may call a
child protection conference where professionals and parents can discuss the
risks and make decisions. The police are involved in these meetings.
 Information about domestic violence is always shared by the police. This
is because domestic violence can have a serious impact upon children even if
the child is in another room when it happens. (citizensadvice.org.uk)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGES

CHAPTER 1 – THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

Introduction……………………………………………………………13
Objective……………………………………………………………….13
Setting of the Study…………………………………………………. 15
Conceptual Framework……………………………………………….18
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….19
Significance of the Study……………………………………………...19
Scope and Limitation of the Study……………………………………20

CHAPTER 2 – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign Literature……………………………………………………….22
Local Literature………………………………………………………….25
Foreign Studies………………………………………………………….26
Local Studies…………………………………………………………….29

CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURES

Research Method………………………………………………………..31
Population and Sampling Scheme……………………………………..31
Research Locale…………………………………………………………32
Research Instrument……………………………………………………32
Validation of Instrument…………………………………………………33
Procedures in Gathering Data………………………………………….33
Statistical Treatment……………………………………………………..34
CHAPTER 4 – PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA

CHAPTER 5 – SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
 List of Tables
Table……………………………………………………………………………38
Table
2…………………………………………………………………………………40
Table
3…………………………………………………………………………………41
Table
4…………………………………………………………………………………42
Table
5…………………………………………………………………………………43
Table
6…………………………………………………………………………………45
Table
7…………………………………………………………………………………47
Table
8…………………………………………………………………………………49
Table
9…………………………………………………………………………………52
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Women account for a small but growing percentage of police officers.

However, the need to recruit, train and promote more female officers is
receiving far more attention than ever before. The encouraging momentum
toward creating a more balanced public safety force is fueled in part by a
growing appreciation of certain unique and valuable professional qualities that
women often bring to law enforcement. Such qualities are believed to enhance
the ability of law enforcement agencies to make a positive impact on the
communities they serve. While most departments and law enforcement
agencies are aware of the need to hire a diverse workforce, diversity initiatives
often focus more on ethnicity than gender. That’s a problem because, with
women making up such a small minority of law enforcement, almost half of the
population has been excluded from a career in which they could affect
significant and positive change. This despite considerable evidence that
women are having “a profound impact on the culture of policing,” according to
Chuck Wexler, executive director of the Police Executive Research Forum, who
told the Associated Press that “they bring their own set of skills to a traditionally
male-dominated culture, and that is very helpful.” Citing research that women
are skilled at using communication to help diffuse potentially volatile situations,
a practice that is increasingly being emphasized in many police and sheriff’s
departments, Wexler said, “departments who have had a lot of experience
hiring women recognize how invaluable they are in diffusing contentious
situations.” As we think about how to recruit more police officers, I suggest we
start by increasing the number of women in the force. Consistently, female law
enforcement officers receive fewer complaints than their male counterparts.
This is particularly true when it comes to allegations
of rudeness and disrespect. Studies shows that female officers use significantly
less force, both non-lethal and lethal, than male officers. Why? I suspect it is
because women keep situations from escalating through communication while
men attempt to control situations by asserting their authority. Can male officers
be trained to de-escalate situations by communicating? Of course, they can.
But a larger portion of women already display these desirable skills.
(onlinedegrees.sandiego.edu)

Law enforcement officers, often the first professionals to come in contact

with a victim of child sexual abuse, can either increase or decrease the
traumatic impact on the child and the family at the time of disclosure. The model
for a training program for police officers in handling cases of child sexual abuse
outlined in this paper is divided into three sections. The first part is directed
towards theoretical issues involved in this problem, including an explanation of
the history and background of sexual abuse of children by adults and of the
difference in the dynamics of extra- and intrafamilial sexual abuse. The second
part consists of a detailed explanation of different types of sex offenses and of
standard physical examinations of sexual abuse victims. Graded slides of
physical trauma geared towards wound identification are paired with relaxation
exercises. The third section focuses on special considerations when
interviewing sexually abused children. The difference between interviewing and
interrogation, specific questioning techniques, and the use of videotape is
explained. Each part of this training procedure is followed by a question and
answer period and small group discussions for the purpose of encouraging
disclosure and better understanding of the officers' personal reactions to cases
of child sexual abuse. (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Objectives

This study focuses on the degree of how much female officers is needed
during police operations on child abuse in Valenzuela city. The researchers aim
to identify the effectiveness and the importance of female officers in the
operations against child abuse in Valenzuela city.

Setting of the Study

The study was conducted in certain schools and police precincts in

Valenzuela city which is the best candidates for the research. One of the main
places was the Police Community Precinct 9 in Karuhatan, Valenzuela city. It
was chosen as the research locale because of its convenience of being near
on the researchers place of study.
 Figure 1

LOCATION MAP

Location of Police Community Precinct 9 Karuhatan, Valenzuela City

Figure 1 shows the map of PCP-9 Karuhatan, Valenzuela City. The red

balloon points the location of the police precinct.

 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Demographic Profile - Preparation of Policewomen in
of the Respondents the survey Valenzuela City is
questionnaires HIGHLY NEEDED.
- Age
- Distribution of
the survey
- Gender
questionnaires
- Collection of
- Civil Status
Data
- Tallying
- Educational - Tabulation
Attainment
- Analysis
- Interpretation
Assessment of the through
respondents on; statistical
treatment of
-Effectiveness data
-Need - Preparation of
data
-Problems
-Solutions
-Degree

Feedback

Figure 2
Schematic Diagram of the Study
Members of the Philippine National Police Special Reaction Unit gather as part of a police visibility operation along a main road in
Metro Manila, Philippines, June 4, 2016. REUTERS/Romeo Ranoco/File Photo

Figure 3
The figure 3 shows a policewoman during a police visibility operation.
This shows that for every police operation, the need for police women is
inevitable due to gender differences of the victims or criminals but it
differentiates depending on the required job.
 5

1 1

CHILD ABUSE POLICE VISIBILITY FOLLOW UP ANTI DRUGS

Police Operations that Usually Required Policewomen

This result was formed based on research conducted on 10 police officers of PCP 9, Karuhatan City

Figure 4

Graph

The figure 4 shows the percentage of policewomen usually required on

the certain operations based on the survey conducted by the research team.
 Child abuse cases during 2009 – 2010 according to Philippine Statistics Authority.

Figure 5

Statistics

This figure shows the number of child abuse cases. It states that the
number of female victims is twice as many as the male victims.
 Conceptual Framework
This study discusses about the degree of how much do we need a
Policewoman and their capabilities during an operation on child abuse in
Valenzuela city.

In an effort to assess on how much a police woman is needed during

police operations in child abuse, the researchers came up with a conceptual
framework and the factors needed to be met. They are as follows;

The Input includes the demographic profile of the respondents to

determine their backgrounds. The first part contains the demographic profile of
the respondents consisting of two groups. The respondents of the study are the
students around Gen t. De Leon and the Police officers of Police Community
Precinct 9 Karuhatan, Valenzuela city. The questionnaires contained questions
about their age, gender, civil status and educational attainment.

The researchers came up with the following variables in assessing the

need for police woman during police operations on child abuse, they are as
follows; Effectiveness of Policewomen, Need for Policewomen, Problems
encountered by policewomen, possible Solutions and Recommendations
during police operations on child abuse and the overall assessment for the
Degree on how much do we need policewomen during police operations on
child abuse in Valenzuela city.

The Process, as included in the schematic diagram, was utilized by the

researchers to determine the assessment of the respondents regarding the
degree on how much policewomen is needed during police operations on child
abuse in Valenzuela City.

The survey questionnaires prepared by the researchers, with the

assistance of professor and adviser, was distributed to the respondents in order
to gather data. The data gathered from respondents were tallied, tabulated and
had been analyzed to be interpreted through statistical treatment of data. After
the mentioned processes were done, the data was ready for presentation.

The Output were the results of the survey questionnaire that were
distributed to the respondents and had been answered by the latter. The
recommendations were provided for improvement. The output of the study
which aims to determine the degree of how much policewomen is needed
during police operations on child abuse in Valenzuela city was found to be
Highly Needed.
 The Feedback is a part of the schematic diagram because this will serve
as basis for future research about the degree on how much policewomen is
needed during police operations on child abuse in Valenzuela city.

Statement of the Problem

The research study aims to determine the degree on how much a
policewoman is needed during police operations on child abuse in Valenzuela
city. This study aims to answer the following questions;

1. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Civil Status
1.4 Educational Attainment

2. How effective is the characteristics of a policewoman?

3. How do the respondents assess the reasons why a policewoman is needed

during police operations on child abuse?

4. What are the problems encountered by policewomen during police

operations on child abuse in Valenzuela city? What is the demographic

5. What are the solutions and recommendations to help the problems

mentioned from the previous question?

Significance of the Study

The study focuses on the importance of policewoman during police

operations on child abuse in Valenzuela city.
 To the Police Officers. This study will provide information that’ll help
promoting the importance of policewoman in service during police operations
on child abuse as well as develop their ways in handling child abuse and
possible ways in improving relationship with the community.

To the students. This study will raise the awareness of the students on
cases about child abuse and it will help them gain confidence that even if they’re
in a bind, police officers are one of the people who could help them. It’ll also
raise the image and importance of a policewoman that may help them in
choosing a career.

To the local government officials. This study could help them improve
their ways developing programs against child abuse and provides support on
our police officers in handling such cases.

To the researchers. It could help on developing their morals and

attitude towards female police officers.

To the future researchers. This study will serve as a reference on the

need for policewomen during police operations child abuse.
Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study focuses on determining the degree of how much policewomen

are needed during police operations on child abuse in Valenzuela city. The
research covers form June – October 2018. The respondents, consisting of two
groups: The group one, ten police officers from Police Community Precinct 9 in
Karuhatan, Valenzuela City and group two, which is consist of 30 students from
Valenzuela City.

The research study is only limited on the importance of policewomen and

the degree on how much they are needed during police operations on child
abuse in Valenzuela city.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the literatures and studies which is related to the
researcher’s field of work. It discusses the importance as well as the history
and related topics of police women regarding police operations especially on
child abuse.

Foreign Literature

It has been 100 years since Alice Stebbin Wells became the first woman
to be known as a “police woman” when she joined the Los Angeles Police
Department in 1910. She handled cases involving women, juveniles and
children. There has been some dispute over who actually was the first female
police officer due to the fact that early women in policing had such varied job
tasks and did not do street patrol. By the early 1960s, about 2,400 women were
serving municipal police departments in the United States. It was not until 1968
that the Indianapolis Police Department made history by assigning two female
police officers to patrol on an equal status with male counterparts. were often
viewed as mothers with badges. Some of their early duties involved patrolling
dance halls to keep tango dancers at least 10 inches apart and patrolling
beaches to stop clandestine activity, following the women’s movement and the
passage of the Equal Opportunity Employment Act in the 1970s, more women
began entering the field of law enforcement. It was predicted by researchers in
the late 1980s that by the turn of the 21st century, the number of women in law
enforcement would reach nearly 50 percent of the workforce. Those predictions
never materialized. The growth of women in policing has progressed slowly and
has not shown significant gains during the last several years. In 2008, according
to the Census Bureau, there were 99,000 female police officers out of
approximately 884,000 officers,
which is 11 percent of policing. Numerous studies have been completed since
the 1970s when women were first entering the field of law enforcement. The
studies revealed time and time again that women can and do perform all the
duties of patrol officers, and also excel in many areas. The question of physical
strength continues to emerge when the issues of female police officers are
brought up; however, physical strength has not been shown to predict either
general police effectiveness or the ability to be successful in handling
dangerous situations. Nor has physical strength been shown to play a role in
line-of-duty deaths. Most police fatalities are related to gunfire and automobile
accidents. Studies have shown that women in policing are less likely to use
excessive and deadly force. They are also less likely than their male coworkers
to be involved in fights or acts of aggression on the job. Female officers rely
more on interpersonal skills than physical force. Women are known to
deescalate potentially violent situations more often than men. This emphasis
on communication goes a long way in the modern approach to policing known
as “community policing.” Police departments are leaning more toward
community partnerships and proactive problem-solving versus the “tough guy”
reactive approach popular in years past. Research supports that women do
experience unique workplace stressors and issues, such as language
harassment, sex discrimination and a lack of mentors/role models. Additional
barriers that have been identified are double standards and the issue of
balancing family with career. The primary deterrent to women entering the field
of law enforcement remains the icy welcome they receive from some of their
male colleagues. Women face certain psychological pressures not encountered
by men. Peer acceptance is one of the greatest pressures operating within
police organizations. The desire to be known as a “good officer” is a strong
motivating factor, and failure to achieve that status can be very demoralizing
and devastating. Unlike their male counterparts, women must overcome the
societal prejudice of being known as the “weaker sex.” Many female officers
also report feeling they have to work twice as hard to prove themselves and to
be accepted, whereas male officers can just show
up and gain acceptance. Entrance exams for police jobs often require tests of
physical agility, and some have been considered gender-biased. Some
departments have required the scaling of a 5- or 6-foot solid wall, which requires
great upper body strength and may keep many women from passing, no matter
how strong or agile they are. Certain departments are revising their physical
entrance exams, realizing that the 5- or 6-foot solid walls are discriminatory and
in need of review. The women who could scale such a wall would be so drained
of energy, they would likely find it difficult to complete the rest of the test in the
allotted timeframe. Some changes being made to the agility testing allow for
two feet braces providing foot leverage, making it easier to scale the wall, as
well as more realistic. (Law and Order Shannon Woolsey, 2010)

For nearly two hundred years, women have been involved in the realm
of law enforcement. As early as 1820, Quaker women entered penal institutions
to provide religious and secular training for women inmates. Eventually, these
volunteers were joined by other upper-middle-class women who wished to
reform the morals of the female inmates and train them for employment,
primarily as domestics in Christian homes. They were particularly concerned
that these [fallen women] were supervised by men and were sexually
vulnerable. (Police Women: Life with the Badge by Sandra K. Wells; Betty L.
Alt, 2005)

Child maltreatment is a devastating social problem in American society.

In 1990, over 2 million cases of child abuse and neglect were reported to social
service agencies. In the period 1979 through 1988, about 2,000 child deaths
(ages 0-17) were recorded annually as a result of abuse and neglect (McClain
et al., 1993), and an additional 160,000 cases resulted in serious injuries in
1990 alone (Daro and McCurdy, 1991). However tragic and sensational, the
counts of deaths and serious injuries provide limited insight into the pervasive
long-term social, behavioral, and cognitive consequences of child abuse and
neglect. Reports of child maltreatment alone also reveal little about the
interactions among individuals, families, communities, and
society that lead to such incidents. American society has not yet recognized the
complex origins or the profound consequences of child victimization. The
services required for children who have been abused or neglected, including
medical care, family counseling, foster care, and specialized education, are
expensive and are often subsidized by governmental funds. The General
Accounting Office (1991) has estimated that these services cost more than
$500 million annually. Equally disturbing, research suggests that child
maltreatment cases are highly related to social problems such as juvenile
delinquency, substance abuse, and violence, which require additional services
and severely affect the quality of life for many American families.
(Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect, 1993)

Not all children exposed to similar experiences of abuse and neglect are
affected in the same way. For some children and young people, the effects of
child abuse and neglect may be chronic and debilitating; others may experience
less adverse outcomes. (Miller-Perrin & Perrin, 2007)

Local Literature

When Filipino women started to join the male-dominated Philippine

National Police (PNP), they were only given assignments that were
administrative in nature and jobs that could be classified and described as "desk
duties". Within the following thirty years - years after the establishment of the
PNP in the early period of the 1990s, female Filipino police officers have been
able to participate in other police activities and functions, including risky PNP
operations. They have also become commanders in the field of police work.
Among the Filipino policewomen who excelled in the PNP were Lina Sarmiento
and Lorlie Arroyo.

In 2012, Sarmiento and Arroyo were the only two "female generals" in the
Philippine National Police. They were both Chief Superintendents, with
Sarmiento being the head of the Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG),
while Arroyo was the head of the Crime Laboratory of the Philippine National
Police. Arroyo's rank was equivalent to the rank of a brigadier general in the
military. In June 2012, Sarmiento was promoted to become the "first two-star
female general" of the Philippine National Police and the "first female general
to be named in the Directorial Staff of the PNP" since the inception of the
Philippine National Police. As of June 2012, there were 11,000 Filipino
policewomen within the Philippine National Police, an organization that at the
time had a total of 143,000 police officers. (Wikipedia, 2013)

Foreign Studies

Women have been involved in municipal policing in the United States

since the late1800s. During this time, they primarily fulfilled specialist roles
assisting and overseeing women and juveniles. Generally unsupported by the
male police establishment, their primary supporters were temperance leaders,
Progressive Era reformers, social workers and social hygienists (public health
officials and medical practitioners). Women’s presence in law enforcement
ebbed and flowed, they gained in numbers and visibility during both World War
I and II but these gains were often erased by economic downturns. Beginning
in the late 1960s women emerged from their specialist roles to become patrol
officers, leading to concerns about their safety and the safety of their
colleagues. This change in their role raised questions about how their policing
styles would differ from men and whether they might change the nature of the
police organization. Women have now been assigned within police
departments in ways similar to male officers for almost half a century. Today,
they comprise 11.9 percent of all sworn positions in police agencies across the
United States (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2010). The percentage of women
serving in sworn police positions varies according to the size of the communities
they serve. For example, the percentage of women working in
police agencies serving populations of 1,000,000 or more represent 17.9
percent of all sworn positions; 15.5 percent in communities with populations of
500,000–999,999; 14.3 percent in communities with populations of 250,000–
499,999; 12.8 percent in communities with populations of 100,000–249,999;
9.4 percent in communities with populations of50,000–99,999; 8.2 percent in
communities with populations of 25,000–49,999; 7.9 per-cent in communities
with populations of 10,000–24,999; 7.5 percent in communities with populations
of 2,500–9,999 and 5.6 percent in communities with populations under2,500
(Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2010). This paper traces women’s entry into law
enforcement and their career shifts as they went from matrons and then
policewomen to police officers and chiefs, and it highlights a number of
questions that continue to surround these changes. In addition, this paper
covers existing research about women in policing in the United States. (Carol
Archbold and Dorothy Moses Schulz, 2012)

The presence of female police officers is crucial in ensuring women and

children refugees are protected and that their needs are met. In refugee camps,
women and children usually lose out in the fighting over resources such as
water and blankets. They are also vulnerable to sexual abuse. In Indonesia, a
culture that views policewomen as lesser officers than their male counterparts
still prevail. Policewomen are considered mere auxiliaries to policemen. The
discrimination against female police officers is partly a legacy of the merging of
the police force and military between 1961 and 2000. As a result of that merger,
from 1967 women were banned from entering the police academy, which
produces commanding officers. At the time, the police recruited women from
outside the academy but their role was limited to administrative and logistical
functions. This is changing. Since the split between the police and the military
in 2000, women are allowed to enter the police academy. Currently, of more
than 600 police districts, 50 are headed by policewomen. However, the
numbers of female police officers are still too low. There are no female officers
sitting as equal to policemen in command-level positions at the national police
headquarters. In 2012, policewomen made up
only 3.5%, or 14,030, of the total 385,785 police officers. Half of them are
stationed in Java, with others scattered in other islands in Indonesia. In 2014,
the Indonesian National Police had a large recruitment drive, bringing in 7000
female cadets out of 20,000 recruits. But Indonesia needs more than a one-off
large recruitment of female police officers. The intake of female police should
be at least 10-12% of recruits every year. In time, we should aim for at least
30% of the police force to be female officers. (Irawati Harsono, 2015)

Child abuse and neglect refers to any behavior by parents, caregivers,

other adults or older adolescents that is outside the norms of conduct and
entails a substantial risk of causing physical or emotional harm to a child or
young person. Such behaviors may be intentional or unintentional and can
include acts of omission (i.e., neglect) and commission (i.e., abuse) (Bromfield,
2005; Cristofel et al., 1992; Gilbert et al., 2009).

Local Studies

Female police officers play a critical role in addressing sexual and

gender-based violence which disproportionately affect women and children. To
belong to an organization that is predominantly male is difficult. Prejudice still
does exist among male colleagues and superiors when female cops are
perceived as less capable, and they deal with some superiors who harbor
antiquated notions of gender equality. (Dolores Laguilles, 2016)

Caloocan City Police District Commander Jemar Mondequillo has 1,256

cops under him – both new and reinstated. Only 141 of them are female.
Mondequillo said this has always been the ratio of males and females in the
police force because the needs of the PNP are intrinsically male. Females are
only hired based on the “necessities” of a specific police station, which often
means they need more people to do administrative work. “Wala 'man lalaki o
babae dito kasi we belong to one service, one organization (There's no man or
woman here because we belong to one service, one
organization),” Mondequillo said. "Ang presumption dito anything that can be
done by lalaki, can also be done by babae (The presumption here is that
anything a man can do, a woman can as well),” he added. Still, Mondequillo
said most of the assignments given to the women "yung pambabae talaga, na
administrative work (are women-oriented, administrative work).” Fortunately for
fresh graduates and Police Officers 1 (PO1s), the guidance of the PNP is to let
them experience the field. (Eloisa Lopez, 2018)
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURES

This chapter presents the description of methods of research applied in

the study such as the research methods, population and sampling design,

research locale, research instruments, validation of instruments, data gathering

procedure and statistical treatment of data.

Research Method
This research work intended to know the degree on the need for

Policewoman during police operations on child abuse.

With this objective in mind, the researchers used the descriptive method

of research that was used in analyzing and interpreting the data gathered using

survey questionnaires as a medium.

Population and Sampling Scheme

The respondents of the study were mostly students and police personnel

on the vicinity of Valenzuela City. Out of all 649,139 residents in Valenzuela

City our group focused on students and police personnel which is the best

candidates on our research topic. Our group used a simple sampling scheme.

We ended up surveying Thirty (30) Students and Ten (10) counts of police

officers that totaled Forty (40) counts of respondents which is stationed/enrolled

on Valenzuela City.
Research Locale

The research locale for the study was the Police Community Precinct 9

on Karuhatan, Valenzuela City as well as some schools around Gen T. De

Leon, Valenzuela City. The actual respondents are either enrolled or stationed

on the places mentioned above. We chose the above-mentioned places for the

distribution of the survey questionnaires and our group approached the

respondents for their voluntary cooperation for answering the questionnaires

intended for the study.

Research Instrument

Research instruments used by the researchers are survey

questionnaires which is approved by the dean and distributed to the randomly

chosen students and police officers in Police Community Precinct 9 in

Valenzuela.

Part I contains questions regarding the demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of age, gender, civil status and educational level or

attainment.

Part II contains question regarding the assessment of the respondent

assessment on the effectiveness of female police officers during police

operations in child abuse.

Part III contains respondent’s assessment on the reasons as for why

policewomen are needed during police operations on child abuse.

 Part IV respondent’s assessment on the problems encountered by

female police officers during police operations.

Part V respondent’s assessment on the possible solutions and

recommendations on the problems encountered by policewomen during police

operations on child abuse.

Part VI respondent’s overall assessment on the need for policewomen

during police operations on child abuse.

Validation of Instrument

A set of questionnaires was prepared and used in the study. This was

presented to the thesis professor for correction; it was presented to the

professor for approval. In order to collect relevant information from the

respondent. The researcher presented it in closed form. The questionnaires

were distributed to the respondents, then collected, tallied and tabulated in table

form for interpretation and presentation.

Procedures in Gathering Data

The researchers collected all the information from books, thesis and

dissertation found in the libraries and from the web articles in the internet. Other

data such as the population number were sought from the web. The

researchers conducted survey in order to gather data from the respondents.

The questionnaires were then retrieved and collected before tallying and

tabulating results. The data gathered from the respondents were analyzed,
 computed and interpreted with the assistance with the professor. The

manuscript was encoded and edited for oral presentation/ oral defense.

Statistical Treatment

The following statistical tools were used in the treatment and analysis of

the data.

1. Percentage – this was used to establish a profile of the two (2) groups of

respondents

The formula is:

𝒇
𝒑 = 𝒏 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎

Where:

P - Percentage (%)

N - Total Number of Respondents

f - Number of Responses (Frequency)

100 - Constant Value of Factor

2. Ranking – this is used to determine the category of responses depending on

the magnitude of the variable.

3. Mean – this was used to answer sub-problem number 3 and 4 respectively.

The formula:

[(𝑓𝑥5)+(𝑓𝑥4)+(𝑓𝑥3)+(𝑓𝑥2)+(𝑓𝑥1)]
𝑊𝑀 =
𝑛
 Where:

f - Frequency Count

N - Number of respondents

4. The study employed the Five Likert Scale in the analysis of the need for

policewomen during police operations on child abuse in Valenzuela City.

The researchers came up with this scale because they adopted the scale

interval on the thesis reference of the graduate school given to them by their

professor.

The scale below is used in interpreting the respondent’s assessment on

the effectiveness of policewomen on child abuse operations:

LEGEND:

Scale Scale Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.20 – 5.00 Very Effective
4 3.40 – 4.19 Effective
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Effective
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Effective
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Effective

The scale below is used for the assessment on the reasons as for why

Policewomen are needed during police operations on child abuse;

LEGEND:

Scale Scale Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.40 – 4.19 Agree
3 2.60 – 3.39 Slightly Agree
2 1.80 – 2.59 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.79 Strongly Disagree

The scale below is used for the assessment on the problems

encountered by Policewoman on Police Operations on Child Abuse.

LEGEND:

Scale Scale Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.20 – 5.00 Very Serious
4 3.40 – 4.19 Serious
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Serious
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Serious
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Serious

The scale below is used for the assessment on possible solutions and

recommendation on the Need for Policewoman during Police Operations on

Child Abuse.
LEGEND:

Scale Scale Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.20 – 5.00 Highly Recommended
4 3.40 – 4.19 Recommended
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately
Recommended
2 1.80 – 2.59 Slightly Recommended
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Recommended

The scale below is used for the overall assessment for the Need for
Policewomen During Police Operations on Child Abuse.

LEGEND:

Scale Scale Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.20 – 5.00 Highly Needed
4 3.40 – 4.19 Needed
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Needed
2 1.80 – 2.59 Slightly Needed
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Needed
 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter shows the result of the study according to the following

sequence; (1) demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender,

civil status, educational attainment, rank (officers) and length of service

(officers); (2) it presents the tabulated information of the gathered data. It also

includes the analysis as well as the interpretation of the results.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age,

gender, civil status and educational attainment.

Table 1

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According

to;

Age
Police Officers Students Total
Age
Freq. % R Freq. % R Freq. % R

8-17 0 0 20 66.67 1 20 50.00 1

18-25 1 10.0 2 9 30.00 2 10 25.00 2

26-40 8 80.0 1 1 3.33 3 9 22.50 3

41 Above 1 10.0 2 0 0 1 2.50 4

Total 10 100 30 100 40 100

 Table 1 contains the demographic profile of the respondents in
accordance to their age. Most of the respondents are between 8-17 years old
which is consists of 20 respondents or 50 percent of the total respondents. It
was ranked 1st on the rating according to age.

Most of the police officers were at the age of 26-40 years old which is
compose of 8 respondents or 80 percent of the police officers surveyed and
ranks 1st in the rating, it was followed by 18-25 and above 41 years old with 1
respondent each, it collected 10 percent each of the police officers and both
were rated as 2nd.

Most of the students interviewed were at the age of 8-17 years old which
is composed of 20 respondents or 66.67 percent of the students surveyed
which ranks 1st in the rating. Some students were at the age of 18-25 years old
and were composed of 9 respondents or 30 percent of the students surveyed
which ranks the 2nd. The 3rd rank were composed of 26-40 years old
respondents or 3.33 percent of the students surveyed.

Majority of the Police officers were at the age of 26-40 years old which
is composed of 8 respondents or 80 percent of the police officers surveyed
while majority of the Students were at the age of 8-17 years old which is
composed of 20 respondents or 66.67 percent of the students surveyed.
 Table 2

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According

to Gender

Police Officers Students Total

Gender
Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %

Male 7 70.00 15 50.00 22 55.00

Female 3 30.00 15 50.00 18 45.00

Total 10 100 30 100 40 100

Table 2 contains the demographic profile of the respondents in

accordance to their gender. Most of the respondents were males with 22
respondents or 55 percent of the total gender frequency while females are
composed of 18 respondents and makes up the 45 percent of the gender
frequency.

Majority of the Police officers are male with a count of 7 respondents or

70 percent of the surveyed police officers, while female police officers are
composed of 3 respondents or 30 percent of the surveyed police officers.

The students had equal number of males and females which is

composed of 15 respondents each and both occupies 50 percent of the number
of surveyed students respectively.
 Table 3

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According

to Civil Status

Police Officers Students Total

Group
Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %

Single 8 80.00 29 96.67 37 92.5

Married 2 20.00 1 3.33 3 7.5

Separated 0 0 0 0 0 0

Widowed 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 10 100 30 100 40 100

Shown in Table 3 is the demographic profile of the respondents in

accordance to their civil status. Most respondents were single and consists of
37 people or 92.5 percent.

Majority of the police officers are single, amounting to 8 respondents or

80 percent of the surveyed police officers while married police officers were
only consists of 2 or 20 percent.

Majority of the students were single, consisting of 29 respondents or

96.67 percent of the surveyed students while married students were only
consists of 2 respondents or 3.33 percent.
 Table 4

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According

to Educational Level or Attainment:

Police Officers Students Total

Group
Freq. % R Freq. % R Freq. % R

Elementary 0 0 2 2 6.67 3 2 5.00 1

Highschool 0 0 2 21 70.00 1 21 52.50 2

College 0 0 2 7 23.33 2 7 17.50 3

Undergraduate
College 10 100.0 1 0 0 4 10 25.00 4
Graduate
Vocational 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 0 5

MS / PhD 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 0 5

Total 10 100 30 100 40 100

Table 4 presents the demographic profile of the respondents in

accordance to their educational attainment. Majority of the respondents are on
high school level, consisting of 21 individuals or 52.50 percent of the
respondents.

All of the Police Officers were college graduates, consisting of 10

individuals or 100 percent of the police personnel surveyed.

Majority of the students were in high school level which is composed of

21 individuals or 70 percent of the surveyed students while 7 individuals or
23.33 percent were college undergraduates, that puts them in 2 nd rank and 2
students or 6.67 percent were in elementary which puts them in 3 rd.
 Table 5

Respondent’s Assessment on the Effectiveness of Female Police

Officers during Police Operations in Child Abuse

Police Students Grand Mean

Officers
Indicators
WM VI WM VI WM VI

Female officer’s motherly nature makes 4.9 VE 4.8 VE 4.85 VE

them more approachable by children.
Female officers are gentler in handling 4.7 VE 4.8 VE 4.75 VE
and conversing with children.
Children felt more secured on female 4.7 VE 4.8 VE 4.75 VE
police officers.
Children tends to open up more to 4.3 VE 4.6 VE 4.45 VE
female police officers.
Majority of child abuse victims are 3.9 E 4.6 VE 4.25 VE
female which is aligned with female
police officers.
Overall Mean 4.5 VE 4.72 VE 4.61 VE

Table 5 shows the assessment of the respondents on the effectiveness

of female police officers during police operations on child abuse in terms of
character. It was assessed and attained a grand mean of 4.61, verbally
interpreted as Very Effective.

The Police officers of Valenzuela City mainly on PCP-9 assessed the

effectiveness of female police officers during police operations on child abuse
resulted to an overall mean of 4.5 or verbally interpreted as Very Effective. The
1st Indicator (Female officer’s motherly nature makes them more approachable
by children.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.9 and verbally interpreted as Very
Effective, the 2nd Indicator (Female officers are gentler in handling and
conversing with children.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.7 and verbally
interpreted as Very Effective, the 3rd Indicator (Children felt more secured on
female police officers.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.7 and verbally
interpreted as very effective, the 4th Indicator (Children tends to open up more
to female police officers.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.3 and verbally
interpreted as Very Effective and the 5th Indicator (Majority of child abuse
victims are female which is aligned with female police officers.) obtained a
mean of 3.9 and verbally interpreted as Effective.

The students of Valenzuela city who assessed effectiveness of female

police officers during police operations on child abuse resulted in an overall
mean of 4.72 and verbally interpreted as Very Effective. The 1st Indicator
(Female officer’s motherly nature makes them more approachable by children.)
obtained a weighted mean of 4.8 and verbally interpreted as Very Effective,
the 2nd Indicator (Female officers are gentler in handling and conversing with
children.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.8 and verbally interpreted as Very
Effective, the 3rd Indicator (Children felt more secured on female police
officers.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.8 and verbally interpreted as very
effective, the 4th Indicator (Children tends to open up more to female police
officers.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.6 and verbally interpreted as Very
Effective and the 5th Indicator (Majority of child abuse victims are female which
is aligned with female police officers.) obtained a mean of 4.6 and verbally
interpreted as Very Effective.
 Table 6

Respondent’s Assessment on the reasons as for why Policewomen are

needed during police operations on child abuse;

Police Students Grand Mean

Officers
Indicators
WM VI WM VI WM VI

Female officers are needed because 4.8 SA 4.9 SA 4.85 SA

majority of the child abuse victims are
females.
Female officers are needed because 4.5 SA 4.7 SA 4.6 SA
they gave a motherly aura which helps
in calming children.
Female officers are needed because 4.5 SA 4.1 A 4.3 SA
children tend to open up with people
that resembles their mother.
Female officers are needed because a 4.7 SA 4.3 SA 4.5 SA
child abuse victim may not open up to a
male policeman due to having
traumatized.
Female officers are needed because 4.2 SA 4.8 SA 4.5 SA
they are gentler and more
approachable.
Overall Mean 4.54 SA 4.56 SA 4.55 SA

Table 6 shows the assessment of the respondents on the reasons why

female police officers are needed during police operations on child abuse. It
was assessed and attained a grand mean of 4.55, verbally interpreted as
Strongly Agree.

The Police officers of Valenzuela City mainly on PCP-9 assessed the

effectiveness of female police officers during police operations on child abuse
in terms of character resulted to an overall mean of 4.54 or verbally interpreted
as Strongly Agree. The 1st Indicator (Female officers are needed because
majority of the child abuse victims are females.) obtained a weighted mean of
4.8 and verbally interpreted as Strongly Agree, the 2nd Indicator
(Female officers are needed because they gave a motherly aura which helps in
calming children.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.5 and verbally interpreted as
Strongly Agree, the 3rd Indicator (Female officers are needed because
children tend to open up with people that resembles their mother.) obtained a
weighted mean of 4.5 and verbally interpreted as Strongly Agree, the 4th
Indicator (Female officers are needed because a child abuse victim may not
open up to a male policeman due to having traumatized.) obtained a weighted
mean of 4.7 and verbally interpreted as Strongly Agree and the 5th
Indicator(Female officers are needed because they are gentler and more
approachable.) obtained a mean of 4.2 and verbally interpreted as Strongly
Agree.

The students of Valenzuela City assessed the effectiveness of female

police officers during police operations on child abuse in terms of character
resulted to an overall mean of 4.56 or verbally interpreted as Strongly Agree.
The 1st Indicator (Female officers are needed because majority of the child
abuse victims are females.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.9 and verbally
interpreted as Strongly Agree, the 2nd Indicator (Female officers are needed
because they gave a motherly aura which helps in calming children.) obtained
a weighted mean of 4.7 and verbally interpreted as Strongly Agree, the 3rd
Indicator (Female officers are needed because children tend to open up with
people that resembles their mother.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.1 and
verbally interpreted as Agree, the 4th Indicator (Female officers are needed
because a child abuse victim may not open up to a male policeman due to
having traumatized.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.3 and verbally interpreted
as Strongly Agree and the 5th Indicator(Female officers are needed because
they are gentler and more approachable.) obtained a mean of 4.8 and verbally
interpreted as Strongly Agree.
 Table 7

Respondent’s Assessment on the Problems Encountered by Female

Police Officers During Police Operations;

Police Students Grand Mean

Officers
Indicators
WM VI WM VI WM VI

4.2 VS 4.8 VS 4.5 VS

Inability of abused victims to cooperate
due to shyness on female officers.

3.5 S 4.7 VS 4.1 S

Aggressive offenders who tries to
intimidate female officers.

4.8 VS 4.9 VS 4.85 VS

Failure of underage abused victims to
testify due to the suspect being their
close relative.

2.2 LS 4.2 VS 3.2 MS

Gender biased police officers and
colleagues.

1.5 NS 4.5 VS 3 MS
Conflicting decisions with senior officers.

Overall Mean 3.24 MS 4.62 VS 3.93 S

Table 7 contains the respondent’s assessment on the problems

encountered by female police officers during police operations on child abuse.
It was assessed and obtained a grand mean of 3.93, verbally interpreted as
Serious.

The Police officers of Valenzuela City mainly on PCP-9, assessed the

problems encountered of female police officers during police operations on
child abuse and resulted to an overall mean of 3.24 or verbally interpreted as
Moderately Serious. The 1st Indicator (Inability of abused victims to cooperate
due to shyness on female officers.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.2 and
verbally interpreted as Very Serious, the 2nd Indicator (Aggressive offenders
who tries to intimidate female officers.) obtained a weighted mean of 3.5 and
verbally interpreted as Serious, the 3rd Indicator (Failure of underage abused
victims to testify due to the suspect being their close relative.) obtained a
weighted mean of 4.8 and verbally interpreted as Very Serious, the 4th
Indicator (Gender biased police officers and colleagues.) obtained a weighted
mean of 2.2 and verbally interpreted as Less Serious and the 5th Indicator
(Conflicting decisions with senior officers.) obtained a mean of 1.5 and verbally
interpreted as Not Serious.

The assessment of the Students of Valenzuela city on the problems

encountered of female police officers during police operations on child abuse
resulted to an overall mean of 4.62 or verbally interpreted as Very Serious.
The 1st Indicator (Inability of abused victims to cooperate due to shyness on
female officers.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.8 and verbally interpreted as
Very Serious, the 2nd Indicator (Aggressive offenders who tries to intimidate
female officers.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.7 and verbally interpreted as
Very Serious, the 3rd Indicator (Failure of underage abused victims to testify
due to the suspect being their close relative.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.9
and verbally interpreted as Very Serious, the 4th Indicator (Gender biased
police officers and colleagues.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.2 and verbally
interpreted as Very Serious and the 5th Indicator (Conflicting decisions with
senior officers.) obtained a mean of 4.5 and verbally interpreted as Very
Serious.
 Table 8

Respondent’s Assessment on the Possible Solutions and

Recommendations on the Problems Encountered by Policewomen

During Police Operations on Child Abuse;

Police Students Grand Mean

Officers
Indicators
WM VI WM VI WM VI

5.0 HR 4.8 HR 4.9 VS

Female police officers should always be
backed up by male police officers in order
to help apprehending larger and
aggressive abusers

4.9 HR 4.8 HR 4.85 S

Conduct more programs that raises the
awareness of the community against
child abuse.

Programs which improves the 5.0 HR 4.9 HR 4.95 VS

relationship between police officers and
the community.
Team Building Programs which improves 4.8 HR 4.6 HR 4.7 MS
the relationship of the police officers
between each other regardless of gender.
Improved strategy in handling and 4.3 HR 4.9 HR 4.6 MS
socializing with abused victims.

Overall Mean 4.8 HR 4.8 HR 4.8 S

Table 8 contains the respondent’s assessment on the possible solutions

and recommendations on the problems encountered by policewomen during
police operations on child abuse. It was assessed and obtained a grand mean
of 4.8, verbally interpreted as Highly Recommended.
 The Police officers of Valenzuela City mainly on PCP-9 assessed the
possible solutions and recommendations on the problems encountered by
policewomen during police operations on child abuse and resulted in an overall
mean of 4.8, verbally interpreted as Highly Recommended. The 1st Indicator
(Female police officers should always be backed up by male police officers in
order to help apprehending larger and aggressive abusers) obtained a weighted
mean of 5.0 and verbally interpreted as Highly Recommended, the 2nd
Indicator (Conduct more programs that raises the awareness of the community
against child abuse.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.9 and verbally interpreted
as Highly Recommended, the 3rd Indicator (Programs which improves the
relationship between police officers and the community.) obtained a weighted
mean of 5.0 and verbally interpreted as Highly Recommended, the 4th
Indicator (Team Building Programs which improves the relationship of the
police officers between each other regardless of gender.) obtained a weighted
mean of 4.8 and verbally interpreted as Highly Recommended and the 5th
Indicator (Improved strategy in handling and socializing with abused victims.)
obtained a mean of 4.3 and verbally interpreted as Highly Recommended.

The Students of Valenzuela City assessed the possible solutions and

recommendations on the problems encountered by policewomen during police
operations on child abuse and resulted in an overall mean of 4.8, verbally
interpreted as Highly Recommended. The 1st Indicator (Female police
officers should always be backed up by male police officers in order to help
apprehending larger and aggressive abusers) obtained a weighted mean of 4.8
and verbally interpreted as Highly Recommended, the 2nd Indicator (Conduct
more programs that raises the awareness of the community against child
abuse.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.8 and verbally interpreted as Highly
Recommended, the 3rd Indicator (Programs which improves the relationship
between police officers and the community.) obtained a weighted mean of 4.9
and verbally interpreted as Highly Recommended, the 4th Indicator (Team
Building Programs which improves the relationship of the
 police officers between each other regardless of gender.) obtained a weighted
mean of 4.6 and verbally interpreted as Highly Recommended and the 5th
Indicator (Improved strategy in handling and socializing with abused victims.)
obtained a mean of 4.9 and verbally interpreted as Highly Recommended.

Table 9

Respondent’s Overall Assessment on the Need for Policewomen During

Police Operations on Child Abuse

Police Students Grand Mean

Officers
Indicators
WM VI WM VI WM VI

Female Officers during Police Operations 4.9 HN 4.8 HN 4.85 HN

on Child Abuse.

Overall Mean 4.9 HN 4.8 HN 4.85 HN

The table 9 shows the Overall assessment of the respondents on the

need for policewomen during police operations on child abuse with an total

grand mean of 4.85, verbally interpreted as Highly Needed.

The police officers assessed the need for policewomen during police

operations on child abuse and resulted with an overall mean of 4.9, verbally

interpreted as Highly Needed.

 The students assessed the need for policewomen during police

operations on child abuse and resulted with an overall mean of 4.8, verbally

interpreted as Highly Needed.

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMEDATIONS

This chapter contains the summary of the findings of the study, the

conclusions resulted from the findings and the recommendations for possible

solutions on the problem.

Summary of Findings

The findings of the study were the following;

I. Profile of the Respondents

Majority of the Police officers were between 26 – 40 years old with 8

respondents or 80 percent of the surveyed police officers while majority of the

students were at the age 8 – 17 years old consisting of 20 individuals or 66.67

percent of the surveyed student population.

Majority of the Police officers were male consisting of 7 individuals or 70

percent of the surveyed police officers while the number of surveyed male and

female students were 15 or 50 percent each respectively.

 Majority of the police officers were single, consisting of 8 individuals or 80

percent of the surveyed police officers while majority of the students were

single, consisting of 29 individuals or 96.67 percent of the surveyed students.

All of the Police Officers or 100 percent of the Police officers were college

graduate while majority of the students are on high school level, consisting of

21 individuals or 70 percent of the surveyed students.

II. Assessment on the Effectiveness of Policewomen During Police

Operations on Child Abuse.

The overall mean for the 1st group (Police Officers) was 4.5 and verbally

interpreted as Very Effective while the overall mean for the 2nd group

(Students) was 4.72 and verbally interpreted as Very Effective. The total grand

mean was 4.61 and verbally interpreted as Very Effective.

III. Assessment on the reasons as for why Policewomen are needed during

police operations on child abuse.

The overall mean for the 1st group (Police Officers) was 4.54 and verbally

interpreted as Strongly Agree while the overall mean for the 2nd group

(Students) was 4.56 and verbally interpreted as Strongly Agree. The total

grand mean was 4.55 and verbally interpreted as Strongly Agree.

IV. Assessment on the Problems Encountered by Policewoman on Police

Operations on Child Abuse.

The overall mean for the 1st group (Police Officers) was 3.24 and verbally

interpreted as Moderately Serious while the overall mean for the 2nd group

(Students) was 4.62 and verbally interpreted as Very Serious. The total grand

mean was 3.93 and verbally interpreted as Serious.

V. Assessment on the possible recommendations and solutions on the

problems encountered by Policewomen during police operations on child

abuse.

The overall mean for the 1st group (Police Officers) was 3.24 and verbally

interpreted as Moderately Serious while the overall mean for the 2nd group

(Students) was 4.62 and verbally interpreted as Very Serious. The total grand

mean was 3.93 and verbally interpreted as Serious.

 Conclusion
Based on the result of the findings, the following conclusion are drawn;
1. Policewomen are very effective during police operations on child abuse due to
their feminine side.

2. Policewomen are highly assessed by both students and police officers.

3. Policewomen are highly needed during police operations on child abuse

because majority of child abuse victims are females.

Recommendations
Based on the result of the findings as well as the conclusion, the
following have been recommended;
1. Improved strategy in handling child abuse cases in order to be flexible in
accommodating any victims regardless of gender.

2. Increase hiring percentage of female police officers.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Websites:

1. onlinedegrees.sandiego.edu
2. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
3. Wikipedia, 2013
4. rappler.com.ph
5. google.com.ph

Books:

1. Law and Order Shannon Woolsey, 2010

2. Police Women: Life with the Badge by Sandra K. Wells; Betty L. Alt, 2005
3. Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect, 1993
4. Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2010

Research:

1. Miller-Perrin & Perrin, 2007

2. Carol Archbold and Dorothy Moses Schulz, 2012
3. Irawati Harsono, 2015
4. Bromfield, 2005; Cristofel et al., 1992; Gilbert et al., 2009
5. Dolores Laguilles, 2016
6. Eloisa Lopez, 2018
7. McClain et al., 1993
8. Daro and McCurdy, 1991
APPENDIX A
 APPENDIX B

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Please Read: The following questions are asked not to discriminate
women nor to support racism but for pure academic research only. Please
answer the following questions with utmost sincerity.

I. Demographic Profile

DIRECTIONS: Kindly put a (✓) on the provided space below which corresponds
to your identity.

1. Civil Status:

Single □ Married □ Widowed □ Divorced □

2. Age:

8-17yrs old □ 18-25yrs old □ 26-40yrs old □ 41 and above □

3. Gender:

Male □ Female □

4. Educational Level/Attainment:

Elementary □ Vocational □
High School □ MS/PhD □
College Undergraduate □
College Graduate □
 II. Respondents assessment on the Effectiveness of Policewoman on
child abuse operations:

LEGEND:

Scale Scale Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.20 – 5.00 Very Effective
4 3.40 – 4.19 Effective
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Effective
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Effective
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Effective

INDICATORS
5 4 3 2 1
Female officer’s motherly nature
makes them more approachable by
children.
Female officers are gentler in
handling and conversing with
children.
Children felt more secured on female
police officers.
Children tends to open up more to
female police officers.
Majority of child abuse victims are
female which is aligned with female
police officers.
 III. Assessment on the reasons as for why Policewomen are needed
during police operations on child abuse;

LEGEND:

Scale Scale Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.40 – 4.19 Agree
3 2.60 – 3.39 Slightly Agree
2 1.80 – 2.59 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.79 Strongly Disagree

INDICATORS
5 4 3 2 1
Female officers are needed
because majority of the child abuse
victims are females.
Female officers are needed
because they gave a motherly aura
which helps in calming children.
Female officers are needed
because children tend to open up
with people that resembles their
mother.
Female officers are needed
because a child abuse victim may
not open up to a male policeman
due to having traumatized.
Female officers are needed
because they are gentler and more
approachable.
 IV. Assessment on the problems encountered by Policewoman on Police
Operations on Child Abuse

LEGEND:

Scale Scale Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.20 – 5.00 Very Serious
4 3.40 – 4.19 Serious
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Serious
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Serious
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Serious

INDICATORS
5 4 3 2 1
Inability of abused victims to
cooperate due to shyness on
female officers.
Aggressive offenders who tries to
intimidate female officers.
Failure of underage abused victims
to testify due to the suspect being
their close relative.
Gender biased police officers and
colleagues.
Conflicting decisions with higher
ups.
 V. Assessment on possible solutions and recommendation on the Need
for Policewoman during Police Operations on Child Abuse.

LEGEND:

Scale Scale Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.20 – 5.00 Highly Recommended
4 3.40 – 4.19 Recommended
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Recommended
2 1.80 – 2.59 Slightly Recommended
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Recommended

INDICATORS
5 4 3 2 1
Female police officers should
always be backed up by male
police officers in order to help
apprehending larger and
aggressive abusers
Conduct more programs that raises
the awareness of the community
against child abuse.
Programs which improves the
relationship between police officers
and the community.
Programs which improves the
relationship of the police officers
between each other regardless of
gender.
Improved strategy in handling and
socializing with abused victims.
 VI. Overall assessment for the Need for Policewomen During Police
Operations on Child Abuse.

LEGEND:

Scale Scale Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.20 – 5.00 Highly Needed
4 3.40 – 4.19 Needed
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Needed
2 1.80 – 2.59 Slightly Needed
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Needed

INDICATORS
5 4 3 2 1
Female Officers during Police
Operations on Child Abuse.
APPENDIX C
 Jayson D. Delos Santos

84 Salvador St. Baesa Caloocan city

jayz099_asa@yahoo.com

09165942789

Objectives:
To administer my competency in the field of marketing and secure a position with a
well- established and challenging environment that will lead to a lasting relationship

Educational Attainment:

Elementary: Saint Dominic Savio School 2001-2008 (Graduated)

Secondary: Francisco School 2008-2012 (Graduated)
Tertiary: Mapua Institute of Technology 2012-2013
Our Lady of Lourdes College 2012-2015
Philippine National Police Academy 2016-2018
Our Lady of Lourdes College 2018-present

Special skills

-capable of editing pictures, files and presentation using different Microsoft window
application
-computer literacy, proficient at MS excel, MS word and MS power point
 Jon Jon L. Flores
215 Dulongtangke Malinta Valenzuela City
Jhonflores246@yahoo.com
Cel.no. 09294701718

Objectives:

To be part of your pretigius instuition.

To explore knowledge and skills as well as my values I have learned.

Educational Attainment:

Elementary: Malinta Elementary School 2005-2011(graduated)

Secondary: Malinta National High School 2011-2015(graduated)
Tertiary: Our Lady of Lourdes College 2016- present

Special Skills:

-Computer technology.
-willingness to work hard and make positive contributions.
 France Gerald P. Cebu

54 f Cayetano St. Caruhatan Valenzuela City

Francegerald@hotmail.ph

09482326842

Objectives:
To seek a position wherein I can fully contribute my knowledge and skills acquired
through my theoretical and practical study.

Educational Attainment:
Elementary: Caruhatan West Elementary School 2005-2011
(Graduated)
Secondary: Caruhatan National High School 2011-2015 (Graduated)
Tertiary: Our Lady of Lourdes College 2016-present

Special skills:
-Familiar with networking protocols and device programming
-Basic computer knowledge such as MS office
 Franjelico A. Taccad

Cf Natividad Mapulang lupa Valenazuela City

Bjtaccad@gmail.com

09068484513

Objectives:
To obtain employment for the summer of 2017 where exceptional costumer service
and hospitality skills would be fully utilized for the growth of organization and
satisfaction of costumer

Educational Attainment:

Elementary: Silviestre San Lazaro Elementary School 2005-2011

(Graduated)
Secondary: Sta.isabel National High School 2011-2015 (Graduated)
Tertiary: Our Lady of Lourdes College 2016-present

Special skills:
-Time management
-Self confidence
-Friendly demeanor
-Hospitality
-Cleaning and Washing Buildings
 Ronald C. Villanueva

Dulong Carnation St. Malinta Valenzuela City

Ronaldvillanueva@yahoo.com

09075350625

Objectives:

To get hold of a position that will benefit from academic preparation, job
experience and driving work ethic

Educational Attainment:
Elementary: Malinta Elementary School 2005-2011(Graduated)
Secondary: Malinta National High School 2011-2015
(Graduated)
Tertiary: Our Lady of Lourdes College 2016-present

Special skills:

-Communication, Comfortable Writing and Speaking

-Language Fluency in English
 Jason B. Cabale

3069 Don ceferino St. Mapulang Lupa valenzuela City

Jazon_Cabale@yahoo.com

09169094252

Objectives:

To be part of a company and to enhance my skills and knowledge

Educational attainment:
Elementary: Mapulang Lupa Elementary School 2005-
2011(Graduated)
Secondary: Mapulang Lupa National High School 2011-2015
(Graduated)
Tertiary: Our Lady of Lourdes College 2016-present

Special skills:

-good communication both written and oral

-capable for analyzing and solving prob
 Dennis T. Babon

059 Dulong tangke St. Malinta Valenzuela City

Dennis.babon@yahoo.com
Cel.no.09051713213

Objectives:

New and dedicated resident of Valenzuela seeking as position as police officer

and an opportunity to protect and serve the community

Educational attainment:

Elementary: Malinta Elementary School 2005-2011 (Graduated)

Seconday: Malinta National High School 2011-2015
(Graduated)
Tertiary: Our Lady of Lourdes College 2016- present

Special skills:

-Expert in Microsoft office with a focus on excel

-community relation