Lifi Technology

LiFi (Light Fidelity)
Technology
RAHUL KUMAR MEENA
16116049
ECE 3rd YEAR
Abstract
Li-Fi stands for Light Fidelity. The technology is very new and was proposed by
the German physicist Harald Haas in 2011 TED (Technology, Entertainment,
Design) Global Talk on Visible Light Communication (VLC). Li-Fi is a wireless
optical networking technology that uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) for
transmission of data.
The term Li-Fi refers to visible light communication (VLC) technology that
uses light as medium to deliver high-speed communication in a manner similar
to Wi-Fi and complies with the IEEE standard IEEE 802.15.7. The IEEE
802.15.7 is a high-speed, bidirectional and fully networked wireless
communication technology based standard similar to Wi-Fi’s IEEE 802.11.
its applications, features and comparison with existing technologies like Wi-Fi
etc. Wi-Fi is of major use for general wireless coverage within building,
whereas Li-Fi is ideal for high density wireless data coverage in confined area
and especially useful for applications in areas where radio interference issues
are of concern, so the two technologies can be considered complimentary.
Introduction
In the era of overcrowded (data communication) world, Li-Fi is a new way
of wireless communication that uses LED lights to transmit data wirelessly.
Transmission of data is one of the most important day to day activities in
the fast growing world. The current wireless networks that connect us to the
Internet are very slow when multiple devices are connected. Also with the
increase in the number of devices which access the Internet, the availability
of fixed bandwidth makes it much more difficult to enjoy high data transfer
rates and to connect a secure network. Radio waves are just a small part of
the electromagnetic spectrum available for data transfer. Li-Fi has got a
much broader spectrum for transmission compared to conventional methods
of wireless communications that rely on radio waves. The basic ideology
behind this technology is that the data can be transferred through LED light
by varying light intensities faster than the human eyes can perceive. This
technology uses a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is still not
greatly utilized- The Visible Spectrum, instead of Gigahertz radio waves for
data transfer.
In simple terms, Li-Fi can be thought of as a light-based Wi-Fi i.e. instead
of radio waves it uses light to transmit data. In place of Wi-Fi modems, Li-
Fi would use transceivers fitted with LED lamps that could light a room as
well as transmit and receive information.
Working of Li-Fi
Basic Concept:-
Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology is a wireless communication system based on the

use of visible light between the violet (800 THz) and red (400 THz). Unlike Wi-Fi
which uses the radio part of the electromagnetic spectrum, Li-Fi uses the optical
spectrum i.e. Visible light part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The principle of
Li-Fi is based on sending data by amplitude modulation of the light source in a
well-defined and standardized way. LEDs can be switched on and off faster than
the human eyes can detect since the operating speed of LEDs is less than 1
microsecond. This invisible on-off activity enables data transmission using binary
codes. If the LED is on, a digital ‘1’ is transmitted and if the LED is off, a digital
‘0’ is transmitted. Also these LEDs can be switched on and off very quickly which
gives us a very nice opportunity for transmitting data through LED lights, because
there are no interfering light frequencies like that of the radio frequencies in Wi-Fi.
Li-Fi is thought to be 80% more efficient, which means it can reach speeds of up to
1Gbps and even beyond. Li-Fi differs from fiber optic because the Li-Fi protocol
layers are suitable for wireless communication over short distances (up to 10
meters). This puts Li-Fi in a unique position of extremely fast wireless
communication over short distances.
How it Works:-
The working of Li-Fi is very simple. There is a light emitter on one end i.e. an
LED transmitter, and a photo detector (light sensor) on the other. The data
input to the LED transmitter is encoded in to the light (technically referred to
as Visible Light Communication) by varying the flickering rate at which the
LEDs flicker ‘on’ and ‘off’ to generate different strings of 1s and 0s. The on-
off activity of the LED transmitter which seems to be invisible (The LED
intensity is modulated so rapidly that human eye cannot notice, so the light of
the LED appears constant to humans), enables data transmission in light form
in accordance with the incoming binary codes: switching ON a LED is a
logical '1', switching it OFF is a logical '0'. By varying the rate at which the
LEDs flicker on and off, information can be encoded in the light to different
combinations of 1s and 0s.
In a typical setup, the transmitter (LED) is connected to the data network

(Internet through the modem) and the receiver (photo detector/light sensor) on
the receiving end receives the data as light signal and decodes the information,
which is then displayed on the device connected to the receiver. The receiver
(photo detector) registers a binary ‘1’ when the transmitter (LED) is ON and a
binary ‘0’ when the transmitter (LED) is OFF. Thus flashing the LED
numerous times or using an array of LEDs (perhaps of a few different colors)
will eventually provide data rates in the range of hundreds of Mbps.
Hence all that is required, is some or an array of LEDs and a controller that
controls/encodes data into those LEDs. All one has to do is to vary the rate at
which the LEDs flicker depending upon the data input to LEDs. Further data rate
enhancements can be made in this method, by using array of the LEDs for parallel
data transmission, or using mixtures of red, green and blue LEDs to alter the light’s
frequency, with each frequency encoding a different data channel.
Why Visible Light Communication:-
The frequency spectrum that is available to us in the atmosphere consists of many

wave regions like X-rays, gamma rays, u-v region, infrared region, visible light
rays, radio waves, etc. Any one of the above waves can be used in the upcoming
communication technologies but why the Visible Light part is chosen? The reason
behind this is the easy availability and lesser harmful effects that occur due to these
rays of light. VLC uses the visible light between 400 THz (780 nm) and 800 THz
(375 nm) as medium which are less dangerous for high-power applications and
also humans can easily perceive it and protect themselves from the harmful effects
whereas the other wave regions have following disadvantages:-
Radio waves are expensive (due to spectrum charges) and less secure
(due to interference and possible interception etc.)
Gamma rays are harmful because it could be dangerous dealing with it,
by the human beings due to their proven adverse effects on human health.
X-rays have health issues, similar to the Gamma Rays.
Ultraviolet light can be considered for communication technology
purposes at place without people, otherwise they can also be dangerous
for the human body when exposed continuously.
Infrared, due to high safety regulation, can only be used with low power.
Hence the Visible light portion (from red to blue) of the electromagnetic
spectrum does not cause any harm to the people as visible rays are safe to use,
provide larger bandwidth and also have a promising future in the
communication field.
Future Scope:
As light is everywhere and free to use, there is a great scope for the use and
evolution of Li-Fi technology. If this technology becomes mature, each Li-Fi
bulb can be used to transmit wireless data. As the Li-Fi technology becomes
popular, it will lead to a cleaner, greener, safer communications and have a
bright future and environment. The concept of Li-Fi is deriving many people as
it is free (require no license) and faster means of data transfer. If it evolves
faster, people will use this technology more and more.
Currently, LBS (location Based Service) or Broadcast solution are commercially
available. The next step could be a Li-Fi WLAN for B2B market with high added
value on specific business cases and could grow towards mass market. In the long
term, the Li-Fi could become an alternative solution to radio for wireless high data
rate room connectivity and new adapted service, such as augmented or virtual
reality.
Conclusion: - Although there’s still a long way to go to make this
technology a commercial success, it promises a great potential in the field of

wireless internet. A significant number of researchers and companies are
currently working on this concept, which promises to solve the problem of lack
of radio spectrum, space and low internet connection speed. By deployment of
this technology, we can migrate to greener, cleaner, safer communication
networks. The very concept of Li-Fi promises to solve issues such as, shortage
of radio-frequency bandwidth and eliminates the disadvantages of Radio
communication technologies. Li-Fi is the upcoming and growing technology
acting as catalyst for various other developing and new
inventions/technologies. Therefore, there is certainty of development of future
applications of the Li-Fi which can be extended to different platforms and
various walks of human life.
Reference:-
1. https://futurenetworks.ieee.org/tech-focus/may-2018/light-
communications-for-wireless-local-area-networking
2. http://www.internationaljournalssrg.org/IJECE/2015/Volume2-
Issue3/IJECE-V2I3P107.pdf
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi
4. http://www.onlinejournal.in/IJIRV2I6/006.pdf
5. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=736011
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LiFi (Light Fidelity)

Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology is a wireless communication system based on the

In a typical setup, the transmitter (LED) is connected to the data network

Why Visible Light Communication:-

The frequency spectrum that is available to us in the atmosphere consists of many

Conclusion: - Although there’s still a long way to go to make this

technology a commercial success, it promises a great potential in the field of

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