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Juliane Herrmann GGA-Institut: Jörg Bormann, Jörg Diedrich, Bernhard Edmaier, Jörg Fielitz, Jörg Hagedorn, Jörg Hinsch, Jörg Kemna, Jörg Kirsch, Jörg Kühn, Jörg Lüth, Jörg Müller, Jörg Nitschke, Jörg Pfeiffer, Jörg Rath, Jörg Schmidt, Jörg Schröder, Jörg Schütt, Jörg Süß, Jörg Wiederhold GEUS:

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204 views10 pages

Blabla

Juliane Herrmann GGA-Institut: Jörg Bormann, Jörg Diedrich, Bernhard Edmaier, Jörg Fielitz, Jörg Hagedorn, Jörg Hinsch, Jörg Kemna, Jörg Kirsch, Jörg Kühn, Jörg Lüth, Jörg Müller, Jörg Nitschke, Jörg Pfeiffer, Jörg Rath, Jörg Schmidt, Jörg Schröder, Jörg Schütt, Jörg Süß, Jörg Wiederhold GEUS:

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BurVal Working Group

Groundwater Resources in
Buried Valleys

A Challenge for Geosciences

With 190 Figures

Hannover 2006

I
Editorial staff
Reinhard Kirsch
Hanna-Maria Rumpel
Wolfgang Scheer
Helga Wiederhold

Published by
Leibniz Institute for Applied Geosciences (GGA-Institut)
Stilleweg 2
30655 Hannover – Germany
Email: Helga.Wiederhold@gga-hannover.de

Cover design and BurVal Logo by Juliane Herrmann

Print: Bonifatius GmbH

Hannover 2006

ISBN-10: 3-00-020194-7
ISBN-13: 978-3-00-020194-3

Photo on cover by Bernhard Edmaier:


MELT WATER, Alaska’s furrowed Bering Glacier in the East Chugach Mountains, made grey by dust
blown in by the wind, often forms large cracks, filled with glacial water.

The surface meltwater may find its way to the glaciers base through cracks. Here it contributes to
subglacial erosion such as the incision of valleys in the underground.

The BurVal project is part-financed by the Interreg IIIB


North Sea Programme of the European Union

II
This book is dedicated to Bernd Röttger (1952 – 2005),
our colleague and friend, who died during
the “Help Aceh” mission of the BGR helicopter group
to the tsunami affected region Banda Aceh, Indonesia

III
IV
Content

PART I Technical Handbook

1 Introduction – buried valleys and the BurVal project......................................... 3


2 Buried valleys – nature and groundwater interests ......................................... 11
3 Challenges of mapping buried valleys ............................................................ 21
4 Methods for mapping and characterising buried valleys ................................. 31
4.1 Petrophysical characterisation of sediments........................................................................ 31
4.2 Seismic methods................................................................................................................ 33
4.3 Gravimetry ........................................................................................................................ 51
4.4 The transient electromagnetic method (TEM) ..................................................................... 65
4.5 Geoelectrical methods ....................................................................................................... 77
4.6 Frequency-domain helicopter-borne electromagnetics ........................................................ 89
4.7 Ground penetrating radar.................................................................................................. 99
4.8 Borehole logging in hydrogeology ................................................................................... 107
4.9 Cone penetration tests (CPT) ........................................................................................... 123
4.10 Geological models ........................................................................................................... 127
4.11 Groundwater model ........................................................................................................ 133
4.12 Environmental tracers, groundwater age and vulnerability................................................ 141
4.13 Aquifer vulnerability......................................................................................................... 149
4.14 Aquifer test (pumping test) .............................................................................................. 157
4.15 The influence of redox chemistry on groundwater vulnerability ........................................ 161
5 Investigations in the pilot project areas ........................................................ 167
5.1 Bording Valley ................................................................................................................. 167
5.2 Tyrsting Valley ................................................................................................................. 181
5.3 Rødekro Valley ................................................................................................................ 191
5.4 Ellerbeker Rinne............................................................................................................... 205
5.5 Cuxhavener Rinne ........................................................................................................... 227
5.6 Groningen Valley ............................................................................................................. 241
6 Mapping different types of buried valley...................................................... 253

PART II Planning Handbook

1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 265


2 Mapping buried valleys for planning purposes ............................................. 267
3 Contamination threats to aquifers in buried valleys ...................................... 271
4 Problems associated with the technical management of waterworks abstracting
from buried valleys ...................................................................................... 273
5 Protection of buried valleys from contamination .......................................... 277
6 Conclusions for protecting groundwater reservoirs in buried valleys ............. 279

Appendix
Appendix A: Bording Valley .................................................................................. 283
Appendix B: Tyrsting Valley................................................................................... 289

Index ................................................................................................................... 299

V
BurVal Working Group 2004 – 2006

VI
The BurVal Working Group

Ringkjøbing Amt
Damstrædet 2, DK-6950 Ringkøbing, Denmark

Peter Erfurt (formerly Ringkjøbing Amt), pye@carlbro.dk


Mads Kjærstrup, tmmkj@ringamt.dk
Karin-Merete Mose, gimkmm@ringamt.dk

Vejle Amt
Damhaven 12, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark

Jørgen Fjeldsø Christensen, jfc@vejleamt.dk


Flemming Jørgensen, fj@vejleamt.dk (flj@geus.dk)
Rolf Johnsen, rjo@vejleamt.dk
Vita Jokumsen, vjo@vejleamt.dk
Sanne Østergaard Nielsen, snl@vejleamt.dk
Jes Pedersen, jes@vejleamt.dk
Klaus Petersen, kpe@vejleamt.dk

Sønderjyllands Amt
Jomfrustien 2, DK-6270 Tønder, Denmark

Poul-Frederik Christensen, Poul-Frederik_Christensen@sja.dk


Rud Friborg, Rud_Friborg@sja.dk
Hans Guldager, Hans_Guldager@sja.dk
Karin Hemmsen, kbh@sja.dk
Steen Thomsen, Steen_Thomsen@sja.dk

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland – GEUS


Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark

Britt Christensen, bc@geus.dk


Klaus Hinsby, khi@geus.dk
Ingelise Møller Balling, ilm@geus.dk
Per Nyegaard, pn@geus.dk
Dorte Seifert, dse@geus.dk
Torben Sonnenborg, tso@geus.dk

Landesamt für Natur und Umwelt des Landes Schleswig-Holstein – LANU


Hamburger Chaussee 25, D-24220 Flintbek, Germany

Sven Christensen, schriste@lanu.landsh.de


Reinhard Kirsch, rkirsch@lanu.landsh.de
Wolfgang Scheer, wscheer@lanu.landsh.de

VII
Behörde für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg – BSU
Billstraße 84, D-20539 Hamburg, Germany

Jens Kröger, jens.kroeger@bsu.hamburg.de


Martin Zarth, martin.zarth@bsu.hamburg.de

Institut für Geowissenschaftliche Gemeinschaftsaufgaben – GGA-Institut


(Leibniz Institute for Applied Geosciences)
Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany

Franz Binot, Franz.Binot@gga-hannover.de


Gerald Gabriel, Gerald.Gabriel@gga-hannover.de
Michael Grinat, Michael.Grinat@gga-hannover.de
Hanna-Maria Rumpel, Hanna-Maria.Rumpel@gga-hannover.de
Helga Wiederhold, Helga.Wiederhold@gga-hannover.de
Thomas Wonik, Thomas.Wonik@gga-hannover.de

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe - BGR


Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany

Hans-Joachim Rehli, hans-joachim.rehli@bgr.de


Bernd Röttger †
Bernhard Siemon, bernhard.siemon@bgr.de
Annika Steuer, annika.steuer@bgr.de

Geological Survey of the Netherlands – TNO


Princetonlaan 6, P.O. Box 80015, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands

Marcel Bakker, marcel.bakker@tno.nl


Aleid Bosch, aleid.bosch@tno.nl
Jan Gunnink, jan.gunnink@tno.nl

University of Århus, Department of Earth Sciences


Høegh-Gulbergs Gade 2, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark

Kurt Sørensen, kurt.sorensen@geo.au.dk


Esben Auken, esben.auken@geo.au.dk
Holger Lykke-Andersen, hla@geo.au.dk

Watertech
Søndergade 53, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark
Peter Sandersen, psa@watertech.dk

Due to the reorganisation of the Danish administration the colleagues from Ringkjøbing Amt, Vejle
Amt, Sønderjyllands Amt and partly GEUS will have new affiliations from January 2007. The new email
address, if known at time of printing, is given in italics. For other addresses please contact the editorial
staff.

VIII
Acknowledgements

The BurVal Working Group is indebted to the following colleagues for data acquisition, processing,
presentation and administration from the following institutions:

BGR: Jennifer Bremer, Reinhard Dörge, Robert Koch, Karl-Heinz Meinhardt, Karola Otremba, Jens Pielawa,
Gert-Ulrich Sandmann, Josef Scheiwein, Hanno Schmidt, Wolfgang Voß and Michael Schütt (Wiking
Helikopter Services)

BSU: Walter Wagner, Frank Wiedemann

GEUS: Per Jensen, Hans Jørgen Lorentzen, Søren Nielsen, Johanne Pedersen

GGA-Institut: Maret Bening, Günther Druivenga, Thomas Grelle, Eckhardt Großmann, Siegfried Grüneberg,
Juliane Herrmann, Ferdinand Hölscher, Milena Kmet, Jürgen Lips, Walter Rode, Dieter Schmidtmann, Käte
Schöbel, Jürgen Soldan, Detlef Vogel, Wolfgang Weitmüller and the helpers in the field Manuel Buch,
Sophie Damm, Eugen Damm

LANU: Christina Bruhn, Alf Grube, Karl Gürs, Riewert Ketelsen, Anja Wolf

LBEG: Thomas Jelinski, Robert Klesper, Kurt-Heiner Krieger, Rüdiger Reimann, Herbert Röhm

Ringkjøbing Amt: Anna Marie Andersen, Vagn Jensen

SkyTEM Aps: Nikolaj Foged, Max Halkjaer, Jan Steen Jørgensen and Walter Koopmann (KMN koopmann
helicopter gmbh)

Sønderjyllands Amt: Bjarne Wulf and Erling Callesen (Rødekro Vandværk), Steen S. Holm (Rødekro
Vandværk), Kurt Mølsted Madsen (Kort- og Matrikelstyrelsen)

TNO: Wim Booltink, Jos Dijkmans, Jan Ebbing, Jenny Hettelaar, Rein Lantman, Sjef Meekes, Gualbert Oude
Essink, Henny van der Putten, Serge van Gessel, Hans Veldkamp, Brecht Wassink, Rogier Westerhoff and all
other colleagues helping out in the field and in the office

University of Kiel: Hans-Jürgen Götze, Sabine Schmidt and the student gravity field crew

University of Aarhus, Department of Earth Sciences: Joakim H. Westergaard and the seismic field crew

Vejle Amt: David Barry, Annette Smed Brusgaard, Helle Knudsen, Marit Nielsen-Man, Jette Sørensen, Tore
Stamp Kirkeby, Odense Vandselskab

The funding of in total 2,708,053 Euros by the European Regional Development Fund and the
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, the Behörde für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt der
Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, the Geological Survey
of the Netherlands, the Landesamt für Natur und Umwelt des Landes Schleswig-Holstein, the Leibniz
Institute for Applied Geosciences, the Ringkjøbing Amt, the Sønderjyllands Amt and the Vejle Amt, is
gratefully acknowledged.

IX
X

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