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Chain Drives

Chain drives are used to rotate camshafts in engines. Chains require tensioning and have a finite life, while gears can be difficult to align and lubricate. Wear on chain pins, bushes, and sprockets can cause the chain to slacken over time. Too much or too little tension on the chain can lead to fatigue cracking or damage from slapping. Proper alignment of the sprockets is also important to prevent wear. Chain stretch is accounted for through tensioner adjustment, and the chain should be replaced when the maximum recommended stretch is reached.

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179 views

Chain Drives

Chain drives are used to rotate camshafts in engines. Chains require tensioning and have a finite life, while gears can be difficult to align and lubricate. Wear on chain pins, bushes, and sprockets can cause the chain to slacken over time. Too much or too little tension on the chain can lead to fatigue cracking or damage from slapping. Proper alignment of the sprockets is also important to prevent wear. Chain stretch is accounted for through tensioner adjustment, and the chain should be replaced when the maximum recommended stretch is reached.

Uploaded by

camaliel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chain drives

Rotation of camshafts in an engine may be by gears or by chain


turned by the main crank. The disadvantage of using gears is difficulty in
alignment, lubrication and disadvantage to wear from foreign materials as well as
their increased cost.The disadvantage of chains is the requirement for tensioning
and their finite life. Although for large installations this can be very long.

Wear on the chain pins, bushes as well as the chain sprockets can all
lead to a slackening off of the chain. This can lead to 'slap' and changing of cam
timing.This alters the leads of the fuel p[umps and exhaust valves.. The degree of
angular displacement by checked using a manufacturer supplied poker gauge.

Chain damage occurs if the chain is too tight or too slack and the
result is fatigue cracking of the links. If the tension is too tight, then this adds to
the working stress of the chain. Insufficient tension leads to 'slap' with resultant
damage to chain and rubbing strips. Vertical misalignment of the sprockets
means rubbing at the side plates resulting in reduction of thickness and possible
failure.
Chain stretch and hence reduction in tension can be accounted for by
movement of a tensioning wheel. The tension usually being checked by
movement to and fro at the centre of the longest free length.

Max. is about 1 chain pitch.

Recommended limit on stretch is about 1.5 to 2%, if max.


movement of the tensioned is reached before the chain has reached its max.
stretch then a pair of links may be removed. When max. stretch is reached, or if
the chain shows signs of damage then the chain should be replaced.

The simplest method is to break the old chain and attach the new
chain to it. The engine is then turned and as the old chain is paid off, the new
chain can be paid in. This maintains approximately the correct timing, the tension
of the chain can then be set.

Final adjustment of the timing can be made following manufacturers


instructions, this generally means turning the engine until No1 is at top dead,
then checking by us of pointer gauges the position of the cam.

The cam drive is adjustable and can be slackened off, by hydraulic


means on large modern engines, the section of cams can then be turned relative
to the crankshaft angle and the timing restored.

The chains are lubricated by the injection of a jey of oil between the chain wheels
and the chain rollers just before the rollers are about to engage the wheel.
Thereby an oil cushion is formed to dampen the impact

A question asked by an examiner was to explain the polygon of forces with


respect to chain drive. This refers to the forces acting on the chain links as
they pass over the chain wheel

Some of these forces are; Bending moment on the link as it


travels around the sprocket

Stress changes on the link as it passes from the driving side to the driven

Tensioning of the chain dependent on the number of links between the


sprockets varying i.e. related to the pitch

Centrifugal forces acting on the links

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