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    Conductors and Dielectrics

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    BalluTheKing
    As some media behave lilke good conductors at one frequency range and like good dielectrics at some other frequency range, the conventional definitions of conductors and dielectrics are not satisfactory in communication through EM waves.

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    Conductors and Dielectrics

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    BalluTheKing
    26 views3 pages
    As some media behave lilke good conductors at one frequency range and like good dielectrics at some other frequency range, the conventional definitions of conductors and dielectrics are not satisfactory in communication through EM waves.

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    As some media behave lilke good conductors at one frequency range and like good dielectrics at some other frequency range, the conventional definitions of conductors and dielectrics are not satisfactory in communication through EM waves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views3 pages

    Conductors and Dielectrics

    Uploaded by

    BalluTheKing
    As some media behave lilke good conductors at one frequency range and like good dielectrics at some other frequency range, the conventional definitions of conductors and dielectrics are not satisfactory in communication through EM waves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    www.jntuworld.com www.jwjobs.

    net

    E M Waves and Transmission Lines Unit 6


    Lecture Notes 41
    Conductors and dielectrics
    As some media behave lilke good conductors at one frequency range and like good
    dielectrics at some other frequency range, the conventional definitions of conductors and
    dielectrics are not satisfactory in communication through EM waves.
    The displacement current density,
    J d = D =∈ E = jω ∈ E
    and the conduction current density,
    J c = σE

    Jc σ
    =
    Jd ω ∈

    Definition of a good conductor

    σ
    If >> 1, the medium is a good conductor.
    ω∈

    Definition of a good dielectric

    σ
    If << 1, the medium is a good dielectric.
    ω∈

    Dissipation factor of a dielectric material (Df) is defiend as


    σ
    Df ≡
    ω∈

    When D f is small for a specific type of dielectric material, the dissipation factor is
    practically the same as its power factor which is equal to sin φ . Here, φ = tan −1 D f .

    1. WAVE PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS IN GOOD DIELECTRICS

    Attenuation constant, α is given by

    µ ∈  σ2 
    α =ω 1 + 2 2 −1 1.13
    2  ω ∈ 

    T. Sreedhar, ECE, GMRIT.

    www.jntuworld.com
    www.jntuworld.com www.jwjobs.net

    E M Waves and Transmission Lines Unit 6


    Lecture Notes 41
    σ
    For dielectrics, << 1
    ω∈
    1
     σ2 2

    Expanding 1 + 2 2  by Binominal series, higher order terms can be neglected.
     ω ∈ 

    σ2  1 
    1 + 2 2 ≈ 1 + 2 2 
    ω ∈  2ω ∈ 

    Now Equation (1.13) becomes


    µ ∈  σ 2  
    α ≈ω  1+ 2 2 − 1
    2  ω ∈  
     

    µ ∈σ 2
    =ω
    4ω 2 ∈2
    µσ 2
    =ω
    4ω 2 ∈

    σ µ
    α=
    2 ∈

    The phase shift constant, β is given by

    µ ∈  σ2  
    β =ω  1 + 2 2  + 1
    2  ω ∈  

    µ ∈ σ2 
    ≈ω 1 + 2 2
    + 1
    2  2ω ∈ 
    µ ∈ σ2 
    That is, β ≈ ω 2 + 
    2  2ω 2 ∈2 

     σ2 
    = ω µ ∈ 1 + 2 2
    
     4ω ∈ 

     σ2 

    β = ω µ ∈1 + 2 2 
     8ω ∈ 

    The velocity of propagation is

    T. Sreedhar, ECE, GMRIT.

    www.jntuworld.com
    www.jntuworld.com www.jwjobs.net

    E M Waves and Transmission Lines Unit 6


    Lecture Notes 41
    ω ω
    υ= =
    β  σ2 
    ω µ ∈1 + 2 2 
    8ω ∈ 

    1
    ≈
     σ2 
    µ ∈1 + 
     8ω 2 ∈2 

    1  σ2 
    υ≈ = 1 − 
    µ ∈  8ω ∈ 
    2 2

    Intrinsic or characteristic impedance of general medium, η


       
       
    jωµ jωµ  1 = µ 1 
    υ= =
    σ + jωµ jωµ  σ  ∈ σ 
    1+  1+ 
     jω ∈   jω ∈ 

    µ σ 
    η≈ 1 + j 
    ∈ 2ω ∈ 

    T. Sreedhar, ECE, GMRIT.

    www.jntuworld.com

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