Revised Course Curriculum and Syllabus

of
B. Sc. (Hons) Horticulture

As Per Recommendations of V Deans

Committee ICAR, New Delhi

For

State Agricultural Universities of Maharashtra

from

Academic Year 2017-18

o Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri

o Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
o Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli
o Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Time moves on, it is time to relish what has been accomplished. This work
behind it has the sustained interest and help of many. May I have the pleasure of
bringing a ‘Thank You’ note.
I express my sincere thanks to Dr. B. R. Ulmek, Chairman DICC and Dean (F/A)
& DI, MPKV, Rahuri for perceiving my excellence in the field of Horticulture and
assigning me as a Degree Coordinator for B.Sc. (Hons) Horticulture. I am also thankful
to all the members of DICC, Dr. R. G. Burte, Dean (F/A) & DI, Dr.B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli,
Dr. A. S. Dhawan, Dean (F/A) & DI, VNMKV, Parbhani, Dr. V. M. Bhale, Dean
(F/A) & DI, Dr.P.D.K.V., Akola and Dr. S. J. Kakade, Director (Education), MCAER,
Pune for their help and suggestions during preparation of this syllabus.
I shall remain grateful to all the discipline course coordinators for their
contribution in the construction of this syllabus. I thank to Dr. D. B. Deosarkar,
Agricultural Botany, Dr. A. L. Pharande, Soil Science and Agril. Chemistry, Dr. A. L.
Narangalkar, Agricultural Entomology, Dr. R.G. Deshmukh, Agricultural Economics,
Dr. P. A. Turbatmath, Agricultural Engineering, Dr. S. S. Mane, Plant Pathology and
Agricultural Microbiology, Dr. B. R. Salvi, Horticulture, Dr. P. A. Sawant, Extension
Education, Dr. R. M. Naik, Biochemistry, Dr. R. W. Bharud, Plant Physiology, Dr. R.
S. Nandanwar, Environmental Science, Dr. Shivkumar Kareppa, Statistics, Dr. R. R.
Suryawanshi, Course coordinator (Agril. Economics) Dr. Arun Mane, NCC, Dr. B. G.
Desai, Animal Husbandry and Diary Science, Dr. V. M. Bhale, Agronomy, I also owe
this opportunity to thank Dr. A. S. Kadam, and Dr. S. A. Ranpise for their help in
formation of Rural Horticulture Work Experience (RHWE) programme. I am grateful
to Dr. P. K. Nagre for his help in formation of Rural Horticulture Work Experience
(RHWE) programme as well as talented advise for improvement of course content. I
am also thankful to Dr. S. D. Masalkar, for developing Experiential Learning
Programme (ELP) and timely suggestions for improvement of course content for this
degree course.
It is time to surface out my genuflect affection and appreciation to my
subordinates at College of Horticulture, Mulde. I am thankful to Prof. N. G. Rathod,

2
Dr. Y. S. Saitwal, Dr. R. A. Patil, Prof. H. J. Wagh, Dr. S. M. Wankhede, Dr. P. D.
Potphode, Prof. R. S. Mule, Miss Dr. N. D. Bhosale, Dr. Miss. J. S. Tumdam, who
rendered their help for preparation of this syllabus without affecting their regular
accomplishments from the beginning, in form of preparation of reports, presentations
and also the technical help in the subject matter. Similarly I am also thankful to all the
faculty members at College of Horticulture, Pune and Akola for their timely assistance.
I was fortunate enough to receive the kind co-operation from almost everyone to
whom I contacted for construction of this syllabus in one or the other way, it is
extremely difficult to thank all of them individually by name; this shortcoming may
please be pardoned.

(P. M. Haldankar)

3
Degree and Discipline Course Coordinators
Sr. Name& Designation
No.
1. Dr. P. M. Haldankar, Degree Coordinator
Associate Dean, B.Sc. Hons. Horticulture
College of Horticulture, Mulde
Tal. Kudal Dist. Sindhudurg

2. Dr. V. M. Bhale, Discipline Course

Dean & DI, Head, Agronomy, Coordinator, Agronomy
Dr.P.D.K.V., Akola
3. Dr. D. B. Deosarkar, Discipline Course
Head, Dept. of Agril. Botany, Coordinator,
VNMKV, Parbhani Agril. Botany

4. Dr V. D. Patil Discipline Course

Head, Department of Soil Science and Coordinator,
Agril. Chemistry SSAC
VNMKV Parbhani

5. Dr. A. L. Narangalkar, Discipline Course

Head, Dept. of Agril. Enotomology, Coordinator,
Dr. BSKKV, Dapoli Agril. Enotomology

6. Dr. R. G. Deshmukh, Discipline Course

Head, Dept. of Agril. Economics, Coordinator,
Dr.P.D.K.V., Akola Agril. Economics

7. Dr. P. A. Turbatmath, Discipline Course

Associate Dean, Coordinator,
Dr.A. S. College of Agril. Engg. & Agril. Engg.
Tech.
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Rahuri

4
8. Dr. M. S. Joshi, Discipline Course
Professor (CAS) Department of Plant Coordinator,
Pathology, Dr. BSKKV, Dapoli Plant Pathology and
Agril. Microbiology

9. Dr. B. R. Salvi, Discipline Course

Head, Dept. of Horticulture, Coordinator,
Dr. BSKKV, Dapoli Horticulture

10. Dr. P. A. Sawant, Discipline Course

Head, Dept. of Extension Education, Coordinator,
Dr. BSKKV, Dapoli Extension Education

11. Dr. R. M. Naik, Discipline Course

Head, Dept. of Biochemistry, Coordinator,
MPKV, Rahuri Biochemistry

12. Dr. R. W. Bharud, Discipline Course

Professor & Head, Dept. of Botany, Coordinator,
Dr.P.D.K.V., Akola Plant Physiology

13. Dr. R. S. Nandanwar, Discipline Course

Head, Dept. of Agril. Botany, Coordinator,
Dr.P.D.K.V., Akola Environmental Science

14. Dr. Shivkumar Kareppa, Discipline Course

Head, Dept. of Statistics, Coordinator,
MPKV, Rahuri Statistics

5
15. Dr. Arun Mane, Discipline Course
Asst. Prof., Agril. Botany, Coordinator,
Dr.BSKKV, Dapoli NCC

16. Dr. S. V. Patil, Discipline Course

Student Welfare Officer, Coordinator,
MPKV, Rahuri NSS

6
 INDEX
Sr. Particulars Page
No.
1. Departmentwise course distribution 7-8
2. Semesterwise course layout 9-12
3. Disciplinewise syllabus & course curriculum as follows 14-192
Fruit Science 14-40
Vegetable Science 41-61
Post-Harvest Technology 62-70
Floriculture and Landscape Architecture 71-79
Plant Protection 80-116
Natural Resource Management 117-136
Basic Sciences 137-176
Other Courses 177-190
4. Student Ready Programme 191-234
 Sem- VII (RHWE)
 Sem- VIII (ELP)

7
 Department-wise Layout of Courses for B.Sc. (Hons) Horticulture

I Fruit Science Credits Semester

1 Fundamentals of Horticulture (2+1)=3 I
2 Plant Propagation and Nursery Management (1+1)=2 II
3 Tropical and Subtropical Fruits (2+1)=3 III
4 Orchard and Estate Management (1+1)=2 V
5 Plantation Crops (2+1)=3 V
6 Temperate Fruit crops (1+1)=2 III
7 Weed Management in Horticultural Crops (1+1)=2 III
8 Principles of Plant Breeding (2+1)=3 II
9 Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics (2+1)=3 I
10 Breeding of Fruit and Plantation Crops (2+1)=3 IV
11 Dryland Horticulture (1+1)=2 IV
Total 17+ 11=28
II Vegetable Science
1 Tropical and Subtropical Vegetable crops (2+1)=3 III
2 Spices and Condiments (2+1)=3 IV
3 Breeding of Vegetable Tuber and Spice Crops (2+1)=3 V
4 Seed Production of Vegetable Tuber and Spice Crops (2+1)=3 VI
5 Temperate Vegetable crops (1+1)=2 IV
6 Potato and Tuber Crops (1+1)=2 II
7 Precision Farming and Protected Cultivation (2+1)=3 IV
Total 12+7=19
III Post-harvest Technology
1 Post-harvest Management of Horticultural Crops (2+1)=3 VI
2 Processing of Horticultural Crops (1+2)=3 VI
3 Fundamentals of Food and Nutrition (1+1)=2 III
Total 4+4= 8
IV Floriculture & Landscape Architecture
1 Ornamental Horticulture (2+1)=3 IV
2 Breeding and Seed Production of Ornamental Crops (2+1)=3 VI
3 Principles of Landscape Architecture (0+1)=1 V
4 Commercial Floriculture (2+1)=3 III
Total 6+4=10
V Plant Protection
1 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology (1+1)=2 III
2 Diseases of Fruit, Plantation and Medicinal and Aromatic Crops (2+1)=3 V
3 Diseases of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops (2+1)=3 VI
4 Mushroom Production Technology (0+1)=1 VI
5 Fundamentals of Entomology (2+1)=3 II
6 Nematode Pests of Horticultural Crops and their (1+1)=2 VI
Management
7 Insect Pests of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops (2+1)=3 IV
8 Apiculture, Sericulture and Lac Culture (1+1)=2 V
9 Insect Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops (2+1)=3 III
Total 13+9=22

8
 VI Natural Resource Management Credits Semester
1 Fundamentals of Soil Science (1+1)=2 I
2 Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management (1+1)=2 II
3 Environmental Studies and Disaster Management# (2+1)=3 II
4 Soil, Water and Plant Analysis (1+1)=2 IV
5 Farm Machinery and Power Engineering (1+1)=2 VI
6 Water Management in Horticultural Crops (1+1)=2 II
7 Organic Farming (1+1)=2 V
8 Agro-meteorology and Climate Change (1+1)=2 I
Total 9+8=17
VII Basic Sciences
1 Elementary Statistics and Computer Application (2+1)=3 I
2 Elementary Plant Biochemistry (1+1)=2 I
3 Elementary Plant Biotechnology (1+1)=2 III
4 Introductory Crop Physiology (1+1)=2 I
5 Economics and Marketing# (2+1)=3 I
6 Horti-Business Management (2+0)=2 VI
7 Fundamentals of Extension Education (1+1)=2 III
8 Entrepreneurship Development and Business Management# (1+1)=2 VI
9 Growth and Development of Horticultural Crops (1+1)=2 II
10 Communication Skills and Personality Development # (1+1)=2 V
11 Introductory Microbiology (1+1)=2 II
12 Information and Communication Technology#* (1+1)=2 II
Total 15+11=26
VIII Others
1 Introductory Agro-forestry (1+1)=2 V
2 Medicinal and Aromatic Crops (2+1)=3 V
3 Introduction to Major Field Crops (1+1)=2 IV
4 Livestock production and management (1+0)=1 IV
5 Maths/ Botany (1+1)=2 I
6 Physical and Health Education (NC)* (0+1)=1 II
7 NSS/NCC(NC)* (0+1)=1 I
8 Democracy, Elections and Good Governance (NC)* (1+0)=1 I
Total 7+6=13
Grand Total 83+60=143

Sr. No. Activity Credits

1 Experiential learning (Professional Package) 0+20
2 RHWE& Placement in Industries 0+20
Total 0+40

Sr. No. RHWE & Placement in Industries schedule Proposed Duration

1 Orientation Programme 1 weeks
2 Village attachment 9 weeks
3 Placement Programme 9 weeks
4 Report writing & Final Examination 2 weeks
Total 21 Weeks

9
 Semester wise Layout of Courses for B.Sc. (Hons) Horticulture
Semester – I
Course No. Courses Credits
Theory Practical Total
A) Core courses
H/FS-111 Fundamentals of Horticulture 2 1 3
H/BOT-112 Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics 2 1 3
Sub total 4 2 6
B) Basic science
H/STAT-111 Elementary Statistics and Computer 2 1 3
Application
H/ECON-111 Economics and Marketing 2 1 3
H/BIOCHEM- Elementary Plant Biochemistry 1 1 2
111
H/BOT-111 Introductory Crop Physiology 1 1 2
Sub total 6 4 10
C) Natural Resource Management
H/SSAC-111 Fundamental of Soil Science 1 1 2
H/AGROMET Agro-meteorology and Climate Change 1 1 2
-111
Sub total 2 2 4
D) Remedial Courses
MATH 111/ Mathematics / Botany 1 1 2
BOT 111
Sub total 1 1 2
E) Non-Gradial Courses
NCC 111/ NSS NCC/ NSS 0 1 1
111
DEG 111 Democracy, Elections and Good 1 0 1
Governance
Sub total 1 1 2
Total Credits (A+B+C+D+E) 14 10 24

10
 Semester – II
Course No. Courses Credits
Theory Practical Total
A) Core courses
H/FS-122 Plant Propagation and Nursery 1 1 2
Management
H/ VS-121 Potato and Tuber crops 1 1 2
Sub total 2 2 4
B) Basic science
H/MIBO-121 Introductory Microbiology 1 1 2
H/HORT-121 Growth and Development of 1 1 2
Horticultural Crops
H/BOT-123 Principles of plant Breeding 2 1 3
Sub total 4 3 7
C) Natural Resource Management
H/SSAC-122 Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management 1 1 2
H/ ENGG-121 Water Management in Horticultural 1 1 2
Crops
Sub total 2 2 4
D) Non-Gradial Courses
H/ PHEY- 121 Physical Education and Yoga 0 1 1

H/IT-121 Information and Communication 1 1 2

technology
Sub total 1 2 3
E) Plant protection
H/ENTO-121 Fundamentals of Entomology 2 1 3
Sub total 2 1 3
F) Common Courses
H/EVS-121 Environmental Studies and Disaster 2 1 3
Management
Sub total 2 1 3
Total Credits (A+B+C+D+E+F) 13 11 24

11
 Semester – III
Course No. Courses Credits
Theory Practical Total
A) Core courses
H/FS-233 Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 2 1 3
H/FS-234 Temperate Fruit Crops 1 1 2
H/FS-235 Weed Management in Horticultural 1 1 2
Crops
H/ VS-232 Tropical and Subtropical Vegetables 2 1 3
H/PHT-231 Fundamentals of Food and Nutrition 1 1 2
H/FL-231 Commercial Floriculture 2 1 3
Sub total 9 6 15
B) Basic science
H/BIOT-231 Elementary plant Biotechnology 1 1 2
H/EXTN-231 Fundamentals Of Extension Education 1 1 2
Sub total 2 2 4
C) Plant protection
H/ENTO-121 Fundamentals of Pathology 1 1 2
H/ENTO-232 Insect Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental 2 1 3
and Spice Crops
Sub total 3 2 5
Total Credits (A+B+C) 13 11 24

12
 Semester – IV
Course No. Courses Credits
Theory Practical Total
A) Core courses
H/FS-246 Breeding OF Fruit and Plantation crops 2 1 3
H/FS-247 Dry Land Horticulture 1 1 2
H/ VS-243 Spices and Condiments 2 1 3
H/ VS-244 Precision Farming and Protected 2 1 3
Cultivation
H/ VS-245 Temperate Vegetables 1 1 2
H/FL-242 Ornamental Horticulture 2 1 3
Sub total 10 6 16
B) Natural Resource Management
H/SSAC-243 Soil, Water and Plant analysis 1 1 2
Sub total 1 1 2
C) Plant protection
H/ENTO-121 Insect Pests of Fruit, Plantation, 2 1 3
Medicinal and Aromatic Crops
Sub total 2 1 3
D) Other Courses
H/AHDS-241 Livestock Production and management 1 0 1
H/AGRO-242 Introduction to Major Field Crops 1 1 2
Sub total 2 1 3
Total Credits (A+B+C+D) 15 09 24

13
 Semester – V

Course No. Courses Credits

Theory Practical Total
A) Core courses
H/FS-358 Plantation Crops 2 1 3
H/FS-359 Orchard and Estate Management 1 1 2
H/ VS-356 Breeding of Vegetables, Tuber and spice 2 1 3
Crop
H/FL-353 Principles of Landscape Architecture 0 1 1
Sub total 5 4 9
B) Basic science
H/EXTN-352 Communication Skill and Personality 1 1 2
Development
Sub total 1 1 2
C) Natural Resource Management
H/AGRO-351 Organic Farming 1 1 2
Sub total 1 1 2
D) Plant protection
H/ENTO-354 Apiculture, Sericulture and Lac culture 1 1 2
H/PATH-352 Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal 2 1 3
and Aromatic Crops
Sub total 3 2 5
E) Other Courses
H/MAP-351 Medicinal and Aromatic Crops 2 1 3
H/HORT-352 Introductory Agroforestry 1 1 2
Sub total 3 2 5
Total Credits (A+B+C+D+E) 13 10 23

14
 Semester – VI
Course No. Courses Credits
Theory Practical Total
A) Core courses
H/ VS-367 Seed Production of Vegetables, Tuber 2 1 3
and Spice Crops
H/PHT-362 Postharvest Management of 2 1 3
Horticultural Crops
H/PHT-363 Processing of Horticultural Crops 1 2 3
H/FL-364 Breeding and Seed Production of 2 1 3
Ornamental Plants
Sub total 7 5 12
B) Basic science
H/ECON-362 Horti-Business Management 2 0 2
H/EXTN-363 Entrepreneurship Development and 1 1 2
Business Management
Sub total 3 1 4
C) Natural Resource Management
H/ENGG-362 Farm Machinery and Power Engineering 1 1 2
Sub total 1 1 2
D) Plant Protection
H/PATH-363 Diseases of Vegetables, Ornamentals 2 1 3
and Spice Crops
H/PATH-364 Mushroom Production Technology 0 1 1
H/ENTO-365 Nematode Pests of Horticultural crops 1 1 2
and their Management
Sub total 3 3 6
Total Credits (A+B+C+D) 14 10 24

15
 Semester – VII
Rural Horticultural Work Experience Programme
Sr.No. Title of the Course Credits
1 STUDENT READY - Placement in Industries 0+10
2 STUDENT READY- Placement in Villages 0+10
Total 20 (0+20)

Placement in Villages

1 Registration, Orientation and Placement 1 week

2 Actual RHWE work in villages 8 weeks
3 Examination 1 week
Total 10 weeks

Sr. Course No Course Title Credits

No.
1 RHWE (H)-471 Fruit, vegetable and flower 0 + 5 = 5
Production and Post-harvest
management and technology of
Horticulture crops.
2 RHWE ECON-471 Economics of Horticultural crops. 0+1=1
3 RHWE EXTN-471 Extension education & Rural 0 + 1 = 1
Sociology
4 RHWE ENT-471 Integrated Pest and disease 0 + 2 = 2
Management.
5 RHWE SSAC-471 Soil test & Integrated Nutrient 0 + 1 = 1
Management
Total 0 + 10 = 10

16
 Placement in Industry

Placement in Industries

1 Orientation and Placement 1 week

2 Actual work in Industry 8 weeks
3 Examination 1 week
Total 10 weeks

Nursery Production & Management

Sr. Course No Course Title Credits

No.
1 IND (H)-472 Nursery Production 0+5=5
2 IND (H)-473 Economics of Horticultural crops. 0+1=1

3 IND (H)-474 Extension education & Rural 0 + 1 = 1

Sociology
4 IND (H)-475 Integrated Pest and disease 0 + 2 = 2
Management.
5 IND (H)-476 Soil test & Integrated Nutrient 0 + 1 = 1
Management
Total 0 + 10 = 10

17
 Semester – VIII
STUDENT READY: Experiential Learning programme
Sr.N Course No.
Title of the Course Credits
o.
HORT EL-481 Commercial Horticulture
HORT EL-481/1 Nursery Management of Horticultural
(0+10)=10
Crops
1
OR
HORT EL-481/2 Nursery Management of Horticultural
(0+10)=10
Crops
HORT EL-482 Protective Cultivation of High Value
2 (0+10)=10
Horticulture Crops
HORT EL-483 Processing of Fruits and Vegetables for
3 (0+10)=10
Value Addition
4 HORT EL-484 Floriculture and Landscape Architecture (0+10)=10
Total (0+20)=20
The student undergoing ELP may be allowed to register for a maximum two courses in
which they have failed but completed requisite percentage of attendance.

18
DEPARTMENT OF FRUIT
SCIENCE

19
 DEPARTMENT OF FRUIT SCIENCE
Course No. H/FS - 111 Course Title: Fundamentals of Horticulture Credit
hours - (2+1) 3 Semester: I
Theory: Scope and importance, classification of horticultural crops and nutritive value, area and
production, exports and imports, fruit and vegetable zones of India and of different states, nursery
techniques and their management, soil and climate, vegetable gardens, nutrition and kitchen garden
and other types of gardens – principles, planning and layout, management of orchards, planting
systems and planting densities. Production and practices for fruit, vegetable and floriculture crops.
Principles objectives, types and methods of pruning and training of fruit crops, types and use of
growth regulators in horticulture, water management– irrigation methods, merits and demerits, weed
management, fertility management in horticultural crops-manures and fertilizers, different methods of
application, cropping systems, intercropping, multi-tier cropping, mulching– objectives, types merits
and demerits, Classification of bearing habits of fruit trees, factors influencing the fruitfulness and
unfruitfulness. Principles of organic farming.
Practical: Features of orchard, planning and layout of orchard, tools and implements, identification
of various horticultural crops, layout of nutrition garden, preparation of nursery beds for sowing of
vegetable seeds, digging of pits for fruit plants, planting systems, training and pruning of orchard
trees, preparation of fertilizer mixtures and field application, preparation and application of growth
regulators, layout of different irrigation systems, identification and management of nutritional
disorder in fruits, assessment of bearing habits, maturity standards, harvesting, grading, packaging
and storage.
Lesson/Course Plan-Theory

Lecture Topic Weightage

No. (%)
1-2 Economic importance and classification of horticultural crops 10
3 Culture and nutritive value, area and production, exports and
5
imports
4-5 Fruit and vegetable zones of India and of different states, soil and
10
climate,
6-8 Vegetable gardens, nutrition and kitchen garden and other types of
10
gardens
9-10 Principles, planning and layout, management of orchards, planting
10
systems and planting densities
11-12 Production and practices for fruit, vegetable and floriculture crops,
10
nursery techniques and their management.
13-14 Principles objectives, types and methods of pruning and training of
5
fruit crops
15-16 Types and use of growth regulators in horticulture 5
17 Water management– irrigation methods, merits and demerits 5
18 -20 Weed management 3
15 -16 Fertility management in horticultural crops-manures and fertilizers,
8
different methods of application
17-20 Cropping systems, intercropping, multi-tier cropping, mulching–
8
objectives, types merits and demerits,
21-23 Classification of bearing habits of fruit trees, factors influencing
5
the fruitfulness and unfruitfulness.
24 -28 Principles of organic farming 4
29- 32 Recommendations of Joint Agresco 2
20
 Total 100

Practical programme:

P. No. Practical
1 Features of orchard, planning and layout of orchard
2 Identification of tools and implements
3 Layout of nutrition garden.
4 preparation of nursery beds for sowing of vegetable seeds
5 Digging of pits for fruit plants
6 Study of planting systems
7 Training and pruning of orchard trees.
8 Preparation of fertilizer mixtures and field application.
9 Preparation and application of growth regulators (Powder form).
10 Preparation and application of growth regulators (Lanolin Paste)
11 Layout of different irrigation systems.
12 Identification and management of nutritional disorder in fruits.
13 Assessment of bearing habits.
14 Maturity standards of horticultural crops,
15 Study of harvesting and grading of horticultural crops
16 Study of packaging and storage of horticultural crops
Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:
 Chadha,K.L.(ICAR),2002,2001. Handbook of Horticulture, ICAR, NewDelhi
 D.K. Salunkhe and S.S. Kadam, 2013. A handbook of Fruit Science and Technology. CRC
Press.
 Denisen E.L.,1957. Principles of Horticulture. Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.
 Edmond,J.B, Sen,T.L, Andrews,F.S and Halfacre R.G., 1963. Fundamentals of Horticulture.
Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.
 Gardner/Bardford/Hooker. J.R., 1957. Fundamentals of Fruit Production. Mac Graw Hill
Book Co., New York.
 Jitendra Singh, 2002. Basic Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers, Hyderabad.
 K.V.Peter, 2009. Basics Horticulture. New India Publishing Agency
 Kausal Kumar Misra and Rajesh Kumar, 2014. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Biotech Books.
 Kumar, N., 1990. Introduction to Horticulture. Rajyalakshmi publications, Nagarcoil,
Tamilnadu
 NeerajPratap Singh, 2005. Basic concepts of Fruit Science 1stEdn. IBDC Publishers.
 Prasad and Kumar, 2014. Principles of Horticulture 2ndEdn. Agrobios (India).
 S. Prasad and U. Kumar, 2010. A handbook of Fruit Production. Agrobios (India).
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

21
Course No. H/FS–122 Course Title: Plant Propagation and Nursery Management
Credit hours - (1+1) 2 Semester: II

Theory: Propagation: Need and potentialities for plant multiplication, sexual and asexual methods of
propagation, advantages and disadvantages. Seed dormancy types of dormancy (scarification &
stratification) internal and external factors, nursery techniques nursery management, apomixes –
mono-embrony, polyembrony, chimera& bud sport. Propagation Structures: Mist chamber,
humidifiers, greenhouses, glasshouses, cold frames, hot beds, poly-houses, phytotrons nursery (tools
and implements), use of growth regulators in seed, types and stages of seed germination with
examples and vegetative propagation, methods and techniques of division-stolons, pseudobulbs,
offsets, runners, cutting, layering, grafting, formation of graft union, factor affecting, healing of
graftage and budding physiological & bio chemical basis of rooting, factors influencing rooting of
cuttings and layering, graft incompatibility. Anatomical studies of bud union, selection and
maintenance of mother trees, collection of scion wood stick, scion-stock relationship, and their
influences, bud wood certification, techniques of propagation through specialized organs, corm,
runners, suckers. Micrografting, Nursery registration act. Insect/pest/disease control in nursery Cost of
establishment of propagation structures.
Practical: Media for propagation of plants in nursery beds, pot and mist chamber. Preparation of
nursery beds and sowing of seeds. Raising of rootstock.Seed treatments for breaking dormancy and
inducing vigorous seedling growth. Preparation of plant material for potting. Hardening plants in the
nursery. Practicing different types of cuttings, layering, graftings and buddings including opacity and
grafting etc.Use of mist chamber in propagation and hardening of plants.Preparation of plant growth
regulators for seed germination and vegetative propagation. Visit to a tissue culture laboratory.
Digging, labelling and packing of nurseryfruit plants. Maintenance of nursery records. Use of
different types of nursery tools and implements for general nursery and virus tested plant material in
the nursery. Cost of establishment of a mist chamber, greenhouse, glasshouse, polyhouse and their
maintenance. Top grafting, bridge grafting and nursery management.Nutrient and plant protection
applications during nursery.

Lesson/Course Plan- Theory

Lectures Weightage
Topic
No. (%)
1 Definition and need of plant propagation, potentials of plant multiplication. 10
2 Sexual and asexual methods of plant propagation and their advantages and
disadvantages.
10
3 Seed germination and dormancy - internal and external factors affecting seed
10
dormancy and seed treatment (Scarification and stratification)
4 Apomixis - definition, monoembrony, polyembrony, chimera etc.
5
5 Nursery techniques and nursery management cuttings, layerings grafting,
budding, runners, tubers, corms, rhizomes off sets, stolons and other 10
specification organs.
6 Propagations structures - mist chamber, humidifiers, green house, glass house,
5
cold frames, hot beds, polyhouses, etc. and cost of establishment of structure.
7 Use of growth regulators in plant propagation. 5
8 Selection of mother trees, maintenance of mother trees & budwood certification. 10
9 Factors affecting vegetative propagation, 5
10 Anatomical study of bud union and rooting (Physiological and biochemical
basis)
3
22
 11 Scion stock relationship 5
12 Micrografting 5
13 Hardening of plants in nurseries. 4
14 Insect - pest & disease control in nursery 5
15 Nursery registration act and record keeping 5
16 Cost of establishment of propagation structures. 3
Total 100

Practical programme
Practical
Particulars
No.
1 Study of different media for plant propagation.
2 Preparation of nursery beds and sowing seeds.
3 Seed treatments for breaking seed dormancy, including germination and growth of
seedlings.
4 Raising root stock in various containers.
5 Potting reporting and preparation of plant material for potting.
6 Practicing different types of cutting, layering
7 Practicing different types of runner, offsets and other specialized plant organs for
propagation.
8 Practicing different budding method.
9 Practicing different grafting methods.
10 Preparation growth regulators for seed germination and vegetative propagation.
11 Use of mist chamber in plant propagation and hardening of plants.
12 Digging, labeling and packing of nursery plant.
13 Nutrients application and plant protection measures in nursery.
14 Raising, maintenance and cost of different nursery structure.
15 Maintenance of nursery record.
16 Visit to tissue culture laboratory.Visit to established model Govt. and Private Nurseries of
adjoining areas
Suggested readings :
Reference Books:
 Chadha,K.L. (ICAR)2002,2001.Hand book of Horticulture. ICAR, New Delhi.
 Chundawat,B.S. 1990.Arid fruit culture. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
 Ganner,R.J. and Choudhri,S.A.1972.Propagation of Tropical fruit trees. Oxford and IBN
publishing Co., New Delhi.
 Guy W. Adriance and Feed R. Brison. Propagation of Horticultural Plants. Axis Books
(India).
 Hartman,H.T and Kester,D.E.1976.Plant Propagation Principles and practices. Prentice hall
of India Pvt.Ltd., Bombay.
 Hudson T. Hartmann, Dale E. Kester, Fred T. Davies, Jr. and Robert L. Geneve. Plant
Propagation- Principles and Practices(7th Edition). PHI Learning Private Limited, New
Delhi-110001
 Mukhergee,S.K. and Majumdar,P.K.1973.Propagation of fruit crops. ICAR, New Delhi.
 S. Rajan and B. L. Markose (series editor Prof. K.V.Peter). Propagation of Horticultural
Crops- Horticulture Science Series vol.6. New India Publishing Agency, PitamPura, New
Delhi-110088.
 Sadhu,M.K.1996. Plant Propagation. New age International Publishers, New Delhi.
 Sarma,R.R.2002. Propagation of Horticultural Crops.Kalyani Publishers,(Principles and
practices) New Delhi.
 Symmonds,1996. Banana.II edition Longman, London.

23
  T.K.Bose, S.K.Mitra, M.K.Sadhu, P. Das and D.Sanyal. Propagation of Tropical &
Subtropical Horticultural Crops, Volume 1(3rd Revised edition).NayaUdyog, 206,
BidhanSarani, Kolkata 700006.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

24
Course No. H/FS- 233 Course Title: Tropical and Sub-Tropical Fruits
Credit hours - (2+1) 3 Semester: III

Theory- Horticultural classification of fruits including genome classification. Horticultural zones of

India, detailed study of area, production and export potential, varieties, climate and soil requirements,
propagation techniques, planting density and systems, after care, training and pruning. Management
of water, nutrient and weeds, special horticultural techniques including plant growth regulators, their
solution preparation and use in commercial orchards.Physiological disorders.Post-harvest technology,
harvest indices, harvesting methods, grading, packaging and storage of the following crops. Mango,
banana, grapes, citrus, papaya, sapota, guava, pomegranate, pineapple, jackfruit, avocado,
mangosteen, kokum, litchi, carambola, durian, rambutan, bilimbi, loquat, rose apple, breadfruit.
Bearing in mango and citrus, causes and control measures of special production problems, alternate
and irregular bearing overcome, control measures. Seediness and kokan disease in banana, citrus
decline and casual factors and their management. Bud forecasting in grapes, sex expression and seed
production in papaya, latex extraction and crude papain production, economic of production.
Practical- Description and identification of varieties based on flower and fruit morphology in above
crops. Training and pruning of grapes, mango, guava and citrus. Selection of site and planting
system, pre-treatment of banana suckers, desuckering in banana, sex forms in papaya. Use of plastics
in fruit production. Visit to commercial orchards and diagnosis of maladies. Manure and fertilizer
application including bio-fertilizer in fruit crops, preparation and application of growth regulators in
banana, grapes and mango. Seed production in papaya, latex extraction and preparation of crude
papain.Ripening of fruits, grading and packaging, production economics for tropical and sub-tropical
fruits.Mapping of arid and semi-arid zones of India. Botanical description and identification of
pomegranate, carissa, West Indian cherry.
Lesson/Course Plan -
Weightage
Lectures No. Topics
(%)
1 Scope and importance of fruit growing in India and Maharashtra 10
2 Horticultural classification of fruits including genome classification 5
3 Horticultural zones of India and Maharashtra
Detailed study of area, production and export potential, varieties,
climate and soil requirements, propagation techniques, planting
density and systems, after care, training and pruning. Management of
5
water, nutrient and weeds, special horticultural techniques including
plant growth regulators, their solution preparation and use in
commercial orchards. Physiological disorders. Post-harvest
technology, harvest indices, harvesting methods, grading, packaging
and storage of the following crops.
4-5 Mango, Banana 10
6-7 Grapes,Citrus 10
8-10 Papaya, Sapota, Guava 10
11-13 Pomegranate, Litchi, Pineapple 5
14-15 Amla ,Bael, Anona and Ber
16-17 Fig ,Jackfruit, Avocado and Mangosteen 5
18-19 Carambola, Durian, Rambutan and Bilimbi
5
20-21 Loquat and Rose apple, Breadfruit and Passion fruit.
22 Special production problems in mango (Spongy tissue, Black tip,
4
Malformation, etc and their control measures
25
 23 Bearing in mango, causes:Alternate and irregular bearing, control
4
measures.
24 Seediness and kokan disease in banana. 4
25 Citrus decline and casualfactors and their management. 3
26 Bud forecasting in grapes 3
27-28 Sex expression and seed production in papaya Latex extraction and
4
crude papain production in papaya and economics of production
29 Rainfed horticulture 4
30 Importance and scope of arid and semi-arid zones of India. 3
31 Characters and special adaptation of crops: ber, aonla, annona,
3
jamun, wood apple, bael, pomegranate.
32 Characters and special adaptation of crops: Carissa, date palm,
phalsa, fig, west Indian cherry and tamarind and Joint Agresco 3
recommendations
Total 100

Practical programme

Practical No. Topics

1 Description and identification of varieties based on flower and fruit morphology in
tropical crops.
2 Description and identification of varieties based on flower and fruit morphology in
subtropical crops.
3 Training and pruning of grapes, mango, guava and citrus.
4 Selection of site and planting system
5 Pre-treatment of banana suckers, desuckering in banana
6 Sex forms in papaya,seed production in papaya, latex extraction and preparation of
crude papain
7 Use of plastics in fruit production
8 Visit to commercial orchards and diagnosis of maladies
9 Manure and fertilizer application including bio-fertilizer in fruit crops
10 Preparation and application of growth regulators in banana, grapes and mango.
11 Ripening of fruits
12 Grading and packaging,
13 Production economics for tropical and sub-tropical fruits.
14 Mapping of arid and semi-arid zones of India.
15 Botanical description and identification of ber, fig, jamun, pomegranate, carissa,
phalsa
16 Botanical description and identification of wood apple, West Indian cherry,
tamarind, aonla, bael and annona

Suggested Reading:
Text Books:
 T.K.Chattopadhyay, 1997. Text book on pomology. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. udyog-
Kolkata
Reference Books:
 Bose, T.K., Mitra, S.K. and Sanyal, D., 2002. Tropical and Sub-Tropical-Vol-I. Naya
 Chadha,K.L. (ICAR) 2002, 2001. Hand book of Horticulture. ICAR, New Delhi.
 Chundawat, B.S., 1990. Arid fruit culture. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
 F.S. Davies and L.G.Albrigo, 2001. Citrus, Cab International.
26
  H.P.Singh and M.M.Mustafa, 2009. Banana-new innovations. Westville PublishingHouse,
New Delhi.
 K.L.Chadda, 2009. Advanced in Horticulture. Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi.
 M.S.Ladaniya, 2013. Citrus Fruits. Elsevier, India post ltd, New Delhi
 R.E.Litz, 2009. The Mango 2nd Edn. Cabi Publishing, Willingford, U.K.
 Radha T and Mathew L., 2007. Fruit crops. New India Publishing Agency.
 Rajput, CBS and Srihari babu, R., 1985. Citriculture. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
 S.P. Singh, 2004. Commercial fruits. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
 Symmonds, 1996. Banana. II Edn. Longman, London.
 W.S. Dhillon, 2013. Fruit Productionin India. Narendra Publishing House.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

27
Course No: H/ FS -359 Course Title: Orchard and Estate Management
Credit hours: (1+1) 2 Semester: V
Theory: Orchard and estate management, importance, objectives, merits and demerits, clean
cultivation, sod culture, Sod mulch, herbicides and inorganic and organic mulches. Tropical, sub-
tropical and temperate horticultural systems, competitive and complimentary effect of root and shoot
systems. Biological efficiency of cropping systems in horticulture, systems of irrigation. Soil
management in relation to nutrient and water uptake and their effect on soil environment, moisture,
organisms and soil properties.Factors influencing the fruitfulness and unfruitfulness. Rejuvenation of
old orchards, top working, frame working, Integrated nutrient and pest management. Utilization of
resources constraints in existing systems.Crop model and crop regulation in relation to cropping
systems. Climate aberrations and mitigation measures of Horticultural crops.
Practical: Layout of different systems of orchard and estate, soil management, clean, inter, cover and
mixed cropping, fillers. Use of mulch materials, organic and inorganic, moisture conservation, weed
control. Layout of various irrigation systems.

Lesson/Course Plan- Theory

Lecture No. Topics Weightage
(%)
1 Orchard and estate management, importance, objectives, merits 10
and demerits
2 Clean cultivation, sod culture, Sod mulch, herbicides and 8
inorganic and organic mulches.
3 Wind break and Shelter belts 5
4 Tropical, sub-tropical and temperate horticultural planting 8
systems,
5 High Density Planting, Use of rootstocks 5
6 Competitive and complimentary effect of root and shoot systems. 5
7 Biological efficiency of cropping systems in horticulture, 5
8 Systems of irrigation. 8
9 Soil management in relation to nutrient and water uptake and their
effect on soil environment, moisture, organisms and soil 8
properties.
10 Factors influencing the fruitfulness and unfruitfulness 8
11 Special Horticulture Practices 5
12 Rejuvenation of old orchards, top working, frame working, 8
13 Integrated nutrient and pest management. 5
14 Utilization of resources constraints in existing systems. 4
15 Crop model and crop regulation in relation to cropping systems. 4
16 Climate aberrations and mitigation measures of Horticultural 4
crops.
Total 100

28
Practical programme -
Practical No. Topics
1 Layout of different systems of orchard
2 Layout of different systems of estate
3 Soil management Practices
4 Study of Clean cropping
5 Study of Inter cropping and Fillers crop
6 Study of Cover cropping
7 Study of Mixed cropping
8 Moisture conservation measures
9 Study of methods of weed control
10 Use of organic and inorganic mulch materials
11 Types of weed and weed control
12 In situ grafting
13 Layout of various irrigation systems.
14 Integrated nutrient pest management
15 Rejuvenation of old orchards, top working and frame working
16 Visit to GAP orchard/Estate
Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:

 B .C. Mazumdar. 2004. Principles and Methods of Orchard Establishment. DayaPublishing

House, New Delhi.
 Chadha,K.L. (ICAR)2002,2001.Hand book of Horticulture. ICAR, New Delhi
 Kumar, 1990. Introduction to Horticulture crops. Rajyalakshmi Publications, Nagercoil,
Tamilnadu.
 Palaniappan, S.P. and Sivaraman, K. 1996. Cropping systems in the Tropics. New age
International (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi.
 Shanmugavelu, K.G.1989. Production Technology of Fruit Crops. Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.
 T. Pradeep Kumar, B. Suma, JyothiBhaskar and K.N.Satheson. 2008. Management of
Horticultural Crops.New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
 W. S. Dhillon and Bhatt. 2011. Fruit Tree Physiology. Narendra Publishing House, New
Delhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

29
Course No: H/ FS -358 Course Title: Plantation crops
Credit hours: (2+1) 3 Semester: V
Theory – History and development, scope and importance, area and production, export and import
potential, role in national and state economy, uses, industrial importance, by products utilization, soil
and climate, varieties, propagation: principles and practices of seed, vegetative and micro-
propagation, planting systems and method, gap filling, systems of cultivation, mulching, shade
regulation, weed and water management, training, pruning and handling, nutrition, foliar feeding, role
of growth regulators, soil management, liming practices, tipping practices, top working, physiological
disorders, harvesting, post-harvest handling and processing, packaging and marketing, yield and
economics of coconut, arecanut, oil palm, palmyrah palm, cacao, cashew nut, coffee, tea, beetel vine
and rubber.

Practicals- Description and identification of coconut varieties, selection of coconut and arecanut
mother palm and seed nut, planting of seed nuts in nursery, layout and planting of coconut, arecanut,
oil palm, cashew nut, cacao gardens, manuring, irrigation; mulching, raising masonry nursery for
palm, nursery management in cacao. Description and identification of species and varieties in coffee,
harvesting, grading, pulping, fermenting, washing, drying and packing of coffee, seed berry
collection, seed extraction, treatment and sowing of coffee, epicotyl, softwood, grafting and top
working in cashew, working out the economics and project preparation for coconut, arecanut, oil
palm, cashew nut, cacao, etc. Mother plant selection, preparation of cuttings and rooting of tea under
specialized structure, training, centering, pruning, tipping and harvesting of tea.
Lesson/Course plan- Theory

Lecture Weightage
Topics
No. (%)
1-2 History, definition , importance and scope of plantation crops in India 8
3-4 Export, import, by-products industrial uses 8
Study of following plantation crops in respect to their soil and climate,
varieties, propagation: principles and practices of seed, vegetative and
micro-propagation, planting systems and method, gap filling, systems
of cultivation, mulching, shade regulation, weed and water
management, training, pruning and handling, nutrition, foliar feeding,
role of growth regulators, soil management, liming practices, tipping
practices, top working, physiological disorders, harvesting, post-
harvest handling and processing, packaging and marketing, yield and
economics including Joint Agresco Recommandation
5-9 i) Coconut 15
10-11 ii) Arecanut 08
12-13 iii) Oil palm 05
14 iv) Palmyrah palm 05
15-17 v) Cocoa 10
18-21 vi) Cashew nut 10
22-24 vii) Coffee 10
25-26 viii) Tea 08
27-29 ix) beetel vine 05
30-32 x) Rubber 08
Total 100

30
Practical programme-
Practical No. Topics
1 Identification and description of plantation crops
2 Propagation methods and nursery techniques in coconut and arecanut.
3 Propagation methods and nursery techniques in datepalm, oilpalm & palmyrah
palm
4 Propagation methods and nursery techniques in cocoa, coffee, tea.
5 Propagation methods and nursery techniques in cashew nut and rubber.
6 Description of coconut and arecanut varieties.
7 Description of oil palm, palmyrah palm and date palm varieties.
8 Description of coffee, cocoa and tea varieties.
9 Description of cashewnut, rubber varieties.
10 Harvesting, processing, grading in Arecanut, coconut.
11 Harvesting, processing and grading in oil palm, palmyrah palm, beetel vine.
12 Harvesting, processing and grading in cocoa , coffee and tea
13 Tapping and processing of latex in rubber.
14 Harvesting, processing and grading in cashewnut.
15 Insect-pests and Diseases their control measures in plantation crops.
16 Visit to processing unit
Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:

 Chadha,K.L. (ICAR)2002,2001.Hand book of Horticulture. ICAR, New Delhi

 Kumar, N.J.B. M. Md. Abdul Khaddar, RangaSwamy, P. and Irrulappan, I. 1997.
Introduction to spices, Plantation crops and Aromatic plants. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
 Nair 1979. Cashew. CPCRI, Kerala
 Ranganadhan, V. 1979. Hand Book of Tea Cultivation. UPASI Tea Research Station,
Cinchona.
 Thampan, P.K. 1981.Hand Book of Coconut Palm. Oxford IBH, New Delhi.
 Thompson, P.K. 1980. Coconut. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
 Wood, GAR, 1975. Cacao. Longmen, London
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

31
Course No. : H/ FS -234 Course Title: Temperate Fruit Crops
Credit hours–(1+1) 2 Semester: III
Theory- Importance, Scope,Classification of temperate fruits, detailed study of areas, production,
varieties, climate and soil requirements, propagation, planting density, cropping systems, after care
training and pruning, self-incompatibility and pollinizers, use of growth regulators, nutrient and weed
management, harvesting, post-harvest handling and storage of apple, pear, peach, apricot, plum,
cherry, persimmon, strawberry, kiwi, Queens land nut (Mecademia nut), almond, walnut, pecan nut,
hazel nut and chest nut. Re-plant problem, rejuvenation and special production problems like pre-
mature leaf fall, physiological disorders, important insect – pests and diseases and their control
measures. Special production problems like alternate bearing problem and their remedies. Low
productivity of apples in India and their remedial measures.

Practical- Nursery management practices, description and identification of varieties of above crops,
manuring and fertilization, planting systems, preparation and use of growth regulators, training and
pruning in apple, pear, plum, peach and nut crops. Working out economics for apple, pear, plum and
peach.
Lesson /Course Plan: Theory

Lectures Weightage
Topic
No. (%)
1 Importance, scope and Classification of temperate fruits
detailed study of areas, production, varieties, climate and soil
requirements, Propagation in temperate fruits, planting density &
cropping systems, After care of orchard, Training and pruning, Self- 8
incompatibility and pollinizers, Use of growth regulators, Nutrient
and weed management, harvesting, post-harvest handling and
storage of following crops.
2–3 Apple 10
4 Pear 8
5 Peach 8
6 Apricot 8
7 Plum 5
8 Cheery 5
9 Persimmon 5
10 Strawberry 10
11 Kiwi
4
12 Queens land nut (Macadamia nut)
13 Almond, walnut, pecan nut, hazel nut and chest nut 8
14 Re-plant problem, rejuvenation and special production problems like
8
pre-mature leaf fall, physiological disorders
15 important insect – pests and diseases and their control measures 5
16 Special production problems like alternate bearing problem and
their remedies.Low productivity of apples in India and their 8
remedial measures

Total 100

32
Practical programme:

Practical No. Topics

1 Nursery management practices
2 Description and identification of varieties of temperate fruits crops (Pome and Nut)
3 Description and identification of varieties of temperate fruits crops (Berry and others)
4 Manuring and fertilization of temperate fruits (Pome and Nut)
5 Manuring and fertilization of temperate fruits (Berry and others)
6 Planting systems
7 Preparation and use of growth regulators (Powder form)
8 Preparation and use of growth regulators (Lanolin Paste)
9 Intercultural operations, plum, peach and nut crops
10 Training in apple, pear
11 Pruning in apple, pear
12 Training in plum, peach and nut crops
13 Pruning in plum, peach and nut crops
14 Working out economics for apple, pear,
15 Working out economics for plum and peach
16 Working out economics for nut crops
Suggested Reading:
Text Books:
 Chattopadhya, T.K. 2000. A Text Book on Pomology (Temperate Fruits) Vol. IV Kalyani
Publishers, Hyderabad
 Chattopadhyay T.K.2009.A text book on Pomology-IV Devoted to Temperate fruits. Kalyani
Publishers.B-1/292,Rajinder Nagar,Ludhiana-141008
Reference Books:
 Banday F.A. and Sharma M.K.2010.Advances in Temperate Fruit Production. Kalyani
Publishers.B-1/292, Rajinder Nagar, Ludhiana-141008.
 Chadha, T.R, 2001. Text Book of Temperate Fruits. Indian Council of Agricultural Research,
New Delhi.
 Das B.C and Das S.N .Cultivation of Minor Fruits. Kalyani Publishers.B-1/292, Rajinder Nagar,
Ludhiana-141008.
 David Jackson & N.E. Laone, 1999 Subtropical and Temperate Fruit Production. CABI,
Publications.
 Handbook of Horticulture, ICAR(2011)
 Kaushal Kumar Misra.2014.Text book of Advanced Pomology. Biotech Books.4762-63, Ansari
Road, Darya Ganj, New delhi-11002.
 Mitra S.K, Rathore D.S and Bose T .K. 1992. Temperate Fruit Crops. Horticulture and Allied
Publishers, Calcutta.
 Pal J.S.2010. Fruit Growing .2010. Kalyani Publishers.B-1/292,Rajinder Nagar, Ludhiana-
141008.
 W S Dhillon. 2013. Fruit Production In India. Narendra Publishing House. New Delhi
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

33
Course No: H/ FS -235 Course Title: Weed Management in Horticultural
Crops
Credit hours: (1+1) 2 Semester-III
Theory- Weeds, introduction, harmful and beneficial effects, classification, propagation and
dissemination, weed biology and ecology, crop weed association, crop weed competition and
allelopathy Concepts of weed prevention, control and eradication, Methods of weed control:
physical, cultural, chemical and biological methods. Integrated weed management, Herbicides:
advantages and limitation of herbicide usage in India, Herbicide classification, formulations, methods
of application, Introduction to Adjuvants and their use in herbicides; Introduction to selectivity of
herbicides; Compatibility of herbicides with other agro chemicals; Weed management in major field
and horticultural crops, shift of weed flora in cropping systems, aquatic and problematic weeds and
their control.

Practical- Identification of weeds; Survey of weeds in crop fields and other habitats; Preparation of
herbarium of weeds; Calculations on weed control efficiency and weed index; Herbicide label
information; Computation of herbicide doses; Study of herbicide application equipment and
calibration; Demonstration of methods of herbicide application; Preparation of list of commonly
available herbicides; Study of phytotoxicity symptoms of herbicides in different crops; Biology of
nut sedge, bermuda grass, parthenium and celosia; Economics of weed control practices; Tours and
visits of problematic weed areas .

Lesson/Course Plan- Theory

Weightage
Lecture No. Topic
(%)
1 Weeds: Introduction, harmful and beneficial effects 08
2 Classification of weeds 08
3 Propagation and dissemination of weeds 5
4 Weed biology and ecology, crop weed association 08
5 Crop weed competition and allelopathy 08
6 Concepts of weed prevention, control and eradication 5
7 Methods of weed control: physical, cultural, chemical and biological 08
methods
8 Integrated weed management 08
9 Herbicides: advantages and limitation of herbicide usage in India 08
10 Herbicide classification, formulations, methods of application;; 08
11 Introduction to Adjuvants and their use in herbicides 5
12 Introduction to selectivity of herbicides; 5
13 Compatibility of herbicides with other agro chemicals 5
14 Weed management in major field and horticultural crops, 5
15-16 Shift of weed flora in cropping systems, aquatic and problematic 06
weeds and their control.
Total 100

34
Practical programme

Practical
Topics
No.
1 Identification of weeds;
2 Survey of weeds in orchard other habitats
3 Survey of weeds in other habitats
4 Preparation of herbarium of weeds
5 Calculations on weed control efficiency and weed index
6 Herbicide label information;
7 Computation of herbicide doses and use of Herbicides
8 Study of herbicide application equipment and calibration
9 Demonstration of methods of herbicide application
10 Various methods of weed control in orchard
11 Mechanical method of weed control
12 Chemical method of weed control
13 Biological method of weed control
14 Study of phytotoxicity symptoms of herbicides in different crops
15 Biology of nut sedge, bermuda grass, parthenium and celosia
16 Economics of weed control practices
Suggested reading:
Reference Books:
 Crafts, A.S. and Robbins, W.W. 1973. Weed Control. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
 Chadha,K.L. (ICAR)2002,2001.Hand book of Horticulture. ICAR, New Delhi
 Gupta, O.P. 1984. Scientific Weed Management. Today and Tomorrow Printers and
Publishers, New Delhi.
 Gupta, O.P. 2015. Modern Weed Management. Agro Bios (India), Jodhpur.
 Naidu, V.S.G.R., Handbook of Weed Identification. Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur.
 Rajagopal, A., Aravindan, R. and Shanmugavelu, K.G., 2015. Weed management of
Horticultural Crops. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur.
 Ramamoorthy, K. and Subbian, P., Predominant Weed flora in hill –ecosystems. Agrobios
(India), Jodhpur.
 Rao, V.S. 2000. Principles of Weed Science. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
 Subramanian, S., Mohammed Ali, A. and Jayakumar, R. 1991. All About Weed Control.
Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
 Tadulingam, C. and Venkatnarayana, D. 1955. A Handbook of Some South Indian Weeds.
Government Press, Madras.
 Thakur, C. 1977. Weed Science. Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

35
Course No. H/BOT-123 Course title- Principles of Plant Breeding
Credits- (2+1) 3 Semester-II

Theroy- Plant breeding as a dynamic science, genetic basis of Plant Breeding – classical, quantitative
and molecular, Plant Breeding in India–limitations, major achievements, goal setting for
future.Sexual reproduction (cross and self-pollination), asexual reproduction, pollination control
mechanism (incompatibility and sterility and implications of reproductive systems on population
structure). Genetic components of polygenic variation and breeding strategies, selection as a basis of
crop breeding and marker assisted selection Hybridization and selection – goals of hybridization,
selection of plants; population developed by hybridization – simple crosses, bulk crosses and
complex crosses. General and special breeding techniques. Heterosis – concepts, estimation and its
genetic basis. Calculation of heterosis, heterobeltosis, GCA, SCA, inbreeding depression, heritability
and genetic advance.Emasculation, pollination techniques in important horticultural crops. Breeding
for resistance of biotic and abiotic stresses. Polyploidy breeding.Mutation breeding.

Practical- Breeding objectives and techniques in important horticultural crops.Floral biology – its
measurement, emasculation, crossing and selfing techniques in major crops. Determination of mode
of reproduction in crop plants, handling of breeding material, segregating generations (pedigree, bulk
and back cross methods), Field layout, and maintenance of experimental records in self and cross
pollinated crops. Demonstration of hybrid variation and production techniques.Hardy Weinberg Law
and calculation, male sterility and incompatibility studies in horticultural crops calculation of
inbreeding depression, heterosis, heterobeltioses, GCA, SCA, GA, heritability.

Lesson/Course plan - Theory

Lecture Topic Weightage

No. (%)
1,2 Plant Breeding - a dynamic science 5
3,4 Genetic basis for Plant Breeding classical, quantitative and molecular. 5
5-7 Plant Breeding in India- limitations, major achievement and goal 5
setting for future.
8-10 Mode of reproduction-sexual reproduction. 10
11-13 Mode of pollination- self and cross pollination. 10
14-16 Mechanism of pollination control. 10
17-19 Genetic components of polygenic variation and Breeding strategies. 10
20 Selection of basis of crop breeding 5
21-22 Hybridization and goals of hybridization 05
23 Hybridization and selection of plants 05
24 Population developed by hybridization- Simple crosses 5
25 Population developed by hybridization- Bulk crosses 5
26-27 Population developed by hybridization- Complex crosses 5
28-29 General and special Breeding techniques. 5
30-31 Heterosis- Concept and types 05
32 Heterosis- Estimation and genetic basis. 05
Total 100

36
Practical programme

Practical Title
No.
1 Field equipments for plant breeders
2 Selfing methods
3 Floral biology and hybridization technique
4 Floral biology – its measurement, emasculation,
5 Crossing techniques in major crops.
6 Selfingtechniques in major crops.
7 Determination of mode of reproduction in crop plants, handling of breeding material,
segregating generations (pedigree, bulk and back cross methods),
8 Field layout, and maintenance of experimental records in self and cross pollinated
crops.
9 Demonstration of hybrid variation and production techniques.
10 Hardy Weinberg Law and calculation,
11 Male sterility studies in horticultural crops
12 Incompatibility studies in horticultural crops
13 Calculation of inbreeding depression
14 Calculation of heterosis, heterobeltioses
15 Computation of GCA, SCA,.
16 Computation of GA, heritability

Suggested Reading:
Reference books:
 B D Singh. Fundamental of Plant breeding. Kalyani. India.
 B.D. Singh. Plant breeding : principles and methods. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
 D.S. Falconer. Introduction to quantitative genetics. Longman Scientific & Technical, Longman
Group, UK, Ltd., England.
 G K Kallo. Breeding of vegetables. Panima publishers, New Delhi
 G. S. Chahal and S.S. Gosal. 2002. Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding. Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi.
 Hays and Garber. Breeding crop plants. Mc Graw Hill Publications, New York
 J.R. Sharma. Principles and practices of plant breeding. Tata McGraw Publishing Company Ltd.,
New Delhi
 K. Mather and J.L Jinks. Introduction to Biometrical genetics. Chapman and Hall, London
 Phundan Singh. Essentials of plant breeding. Kalyani Publishers
 Poehlman, J.M. and Borthakar, D. 1995. Breeding Asian Field Crops. Oxford& IBH Publishing
Co., New Delhi
 Pundan Singh. Essentials of plant breeding. Kalyani. India
 R.C. Chaudhary. Plant Breeding
 R.K. Singh and B.D. Chaudhary. Biometrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis. Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.
 R.W. Allard. Principles of plant breeding. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
 V.L. Chopra. Plant breeding: Theory and Practice. Oxford & IBH Publishing CO. Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
 W.R. Fehr. Principles of cultivar development: theory and technique (Vol. 1). Macmillan
Publishing Company, New York.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

37
Course No. H/BOT 112 Course title- Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetic
Credit hours - (2+1) 3 Semester- I
Theroy- Historical background of genetics, theories and hypothesis.Physical basis of heredity, cell
reproduction, mitosis, meiosis and its significance.Gametogenesis and syngamy in plants.Mendelian
genetics–Mendel’s principles of heredity, deviation from Mendelian inheritance, pleiotropy,
threshold characters, co-dominance, penetrance and expressivity.Chromosome theory of inheritance,
gene interaction.Modification of monohybrid and dihybrid rations. Multiple alleles, quantitative
inheritance linkage and crossing over, sex linked inheritance and characters. Cytoplasmic inheritance
and maternal effects.Chemical basis of heredity, structure of DNA and its replication.Evidence to
prove DNA and RNA – as genetic material.Mutations and their classification.Chromosomal
aberrations, changes in chromosome structure and number.

Practical- Study of fixatives and stains. Squash and smear techniques. Demonstrations of permanent
slides and cell division, illustration in plant cells, pollen fertility and viability, determination of
gametes, Solving problems of monohybrid, dihybrid, and test cross ratios using chi-square test, gene
interactions, estimation of linkages using three point test cross from F2 data and construction of
linkage maps. Genetics variation in pea.
Lesson /Course plan - Theory

Lect. Weightage
Topic
No. (%)
History of Genetics, relation of Genetic with other fields of science, scope and
1 5
importance
2 Ultra structure of cell, cell organelles and their functions. 5
Study of Chromosome structure, morphology, number, types, karyotypes and
3 5
ideogram
4 Mitosis: Stages, importance/ significance 4

5 Meiosis: Stages, importance, difference between mitosis & meiosis 5

6 Mendel’s contribution -Mendel’s law of Segregation, monohybrid 5

Mendel’s Laws of inheritance : Di & tri-hybrid ratio, deviation from
7 5
Mendelian inheritance
8 Gene interactions different types with example and test cross ratio 4

9 Types of gene action, Multiple Alleles-its characteristics, pseudoalleles 4

Pleiotropism, penetrance- complete and incomplete, expressivity, Atavism
10 4
with examples
12 Quantitative and qualitative traits; difference between them 4

13 Multiple factor hypothesis with example-ear length in maize 4

14-15 Cytoplasmic inheritances-its characteristics features; 4

38
 Examples of Cytoplasmic inheritance, difference between chromosomal and
cytoplasmic inheritance.
Linkage – definition, phases, linkage map, linkage group, number of linkage
16-17 groups, types of linkage, linkage value, detection of linkage, significance of 4
linkage.
Crossing over – types, theories, mechanism, factors affecting crossing over,
coincidence & interference, calculation of crossing over percentage from test
19-20 5
cross data, cytological basis of crossing over-experiment of stern in
Drosophilla.
21 Chromosomal aberration : Numerical: 4

22 Chromosomal aberration : Structural 4

DNA & its structure, functions, types, modes of replication & repair :
Components of DNA, DNA double helix structure, forms of DNA- A,B,C &
Z form; modes of replication- theories of DNA replication-conservative,
23-24 4
Semi-conservative & dispersive, DNA repair-direct repair of DNA, Excision
repair of DNA, very short patch repair, short patch repair, long patch repair,
functions of DNA.
RNA & its structure, function & types; components of RNA, types &
25 4
functions of RNA-rRNA, mRNA
Transcription, Translation, Genetic code & Outline of Protein Synthesis –
Central Dogma, Process of Transcription, Genetic code – codon, characteristic
26-27 4
of Genetic code, Process of Translation, Protein synthesis – ribosomes,
process – initiation, elongation & termination.
Gene expression – Promoter gene, operator gene, induction gene, operon
constitutive gene, Operon Model, Components of Operon- Regulator,
28-29 5
Promoter, operator & structure gene, Model-induction & repression, example
of lac operon; fine structure of gene-cistron, recon, muton.
Mutation: Introduction, types of mutation, Characteristics of mutation,
classification of mutations; induction of mutation-physical and chemical
30-31 4
mutagenesis, classification of mutagens, Detection of mutations – CIB method
& attached X-chrosome technique, significance of mutations.
Sex determination: Definition, Sex chromosomes & different methods of sex
32 determination, Sex linked, sex influenced & sex limited characters & their 4
significance
Total 100

Practical programme

Practical No. Title

1 Simple compound, phase contrast, fluorescent and electron microscope
2 Preparation of stains and fixatives
3 Preparation of microscopic slide of mitosis-onion root tips and identification
4 Preparation of microscopic slide of meiosis-Tradescantia/ Bajra.
Identification of stages of meiosis.
5 Microphotography: Conventional and digital.
6 Methods of finding out the gametes and gametic recombinations.
7 Monohybrid ratio and its modifications.
39
 8 Di-hybrid ratio and its modifications.
9 Trihybrid ratio
10 Chi-square test
11 Interaction of genes- I, Without modification of F2 ratio, Complementary
12 Gene interactions-II, Supplementary, Epistatis, & Inhibitory
13 Gene interactions-III, Additive, Duplicate and Lethal
14 Inheritance of multiple alleles
15 Study of linkage of genes
16 Induction of polyploidy using colchicines, Induction of mutation by using
chemicals
Suggested Reading:
Reference books:
 B.D. Singh. Fundamental of Genetics. Kalyani. India
 Benjamin Lewin. Genes (II edn). John Wiley & Sons, New York.
 Farook& Khan. Genetics & Cytogenetics (I Ed.). Premier Publishing House, Hyderabad.
 Gardner E J, Simmons M J &Snustard D P. Principles of Genetics (VIII Edn). John Wiley & Sons,
New York.
 George Acquaah. Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. Blackwell
 Griffiths, Miller, Suzuki Lewontin & Gelbart. An introduction to Genetic Analysis (V Ed.).
W.H.Freeman & Company, Newyork
 Gupta, P.K. 1985.Cytology, genetics and cytogenetics. Rastogi Publication, India.
 Joseph Jahier& INRA working group. Techniques of Plant Cytogenetics (1986). Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi
 Khanna VK. Genetics–Numerical Problems. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
 Loewy & Siekevitz. Cell Structure & Function (II Ed.). Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New
Delhi.
 Norman,V. Rothwell. Understanding Genetics (IV Ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford.
 Phundan Singh. Elements of Genetics. Kalyani publishers, New Delhi.
 Robert Schieif. Genetics & Molecular Biology (1986). The Benjamin/cummings publishing Co, Inc,
California.
 Shukla. Cell Biology (2001). Dominant publishers, New Delhi
 Singh B D. Fundamentals of Genetics. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
 Sinnut, Dunn & Dobzhansky. Principles of Genetics XIX reprint. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Ltd., New Delhi.
 Srivastava&Tyagi. Selected Problems in Genetics (Vol.1-3). Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
 Stent & Calendar. Molecular Genetics (II Ed.). CBS Publishers, New Delhi
 Strickberger. Genetics. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
 Swanson & Webster. The Cell (V edn). Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
 Swanson, Merz & Young. Cytogenetics (II ed.). Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
 William D. Stansfield. Theory and Problems of Genetics (3rd Ed). Schaum’s Outline series - McGraw-
Hill Inc.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

40
Course No : H/FS-247 Course title- Breeding of Fruit and Plantation crops

Credit hours: (2+1) 3 Semester-IV

Theroy- Fruit breeding - History, importance, scope in fruit production, distribution, domestication
and adaptation of commercially important fruits and plantation crop, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its application in crop
improvement – policy manipulations – in vitro breeding tools (important fruit and plantation crops).

Practical- Exercises on floral biology, pollen viability; emasculation and pollination procedures;
hybrid seed germination; raising and evaluation of segregating populations; use of mutagens to
induce mutations and polyploidy in major crops like Mango, Banana, Citrus, Grapes, Guava, Sapota,
Papaya, Custard apple, Aonla, Ber, Litchi, Pomegranate, Jamun, Arecanut, Coconut, Pistchonut,
Apple, Pear, Plum, Peach, Apricot and Strawberry.

Lession / Course Plan–

Lectures Weightages
Particulars
No. (%)
1-2 History of Fruit Breeding and Importance and scope of Fruit breeding 8
3 Objectives of breeding of fruit crops & plantation crops 8
Centres of origin, Distribution, domestication and adaptatation of
commercially important fruits, Modes of Reproduction,Apomixis and its
types,Self incompatibility,Male sterility, Specific Breeding objectives,
Floral Biology, inheritance pattern and achievements by different breeding
methods
4-5 Mango 8
6-8 Banana, Mandarin, Sweet orange, Acid lime, Grapes 8
9-11 Guava, Sapota, Papaya 8
12-14 Ber, Annona, Aonla 8
15 Tea and Coffee 8
16 Pomogranate 4
17-18 Coconut 8
19-21 Cashew, Rubberand Pistchonut 4
22-23 Date palm, Arecanut, Oil palm 4
24-25 Karonda Jackfruit and Jamun 4
26 Apple 4
27-29 Pear, Plum, Peach Apricot and Strawberry 4
30 Mutagenesis and its applications 4
31 Invitro breeding tools in fruit plantation crops. 4
32 Recommendations of Joint Agresco 4
Total 100

Practical programme -

Practical No. Particulars

1 Study of Breeding kit
2 Methods of emasculation and pollination procedures
Floral biology -
3 Mango
4 Banana andMandarin, Sweet orange, Acid lime
5 Grape and Papaya
41
 6 Cashew nut, Pomegranate and Fig
7 Ber and Aonla
8 Aonla and Tamarind
9 Arecanut and Coconut
10 Apple, Apricot
11 Pear, Plum, Peach
12 Pistchonut and Strawberry
13 Pollen viability
14 Hybrid seed germination
15 Raising of segregating populations.
16 Evaluation of segregation population. Use of mutagens to induce.
Mutagens and polyploidy.
Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:
 Anil Kumar Shukla 2004. Fruit breeding approaches & Achievements. India Publishing
Agency, New Delhi.International Book Distributing Co. New Delhi.
 Chadha,K.L. (ICAR)2002,2001.Hand book of Horticulture. ICAR, New Delhi
 Kumar, N. 1997. Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Principles and Practices. New Delhi.
 Nijar 1985.Fruit breeding in India,Oxford& IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi
 Singh, B.D. 1983.Plant Breeding Principles and methods. Kalyani Publishers
 Abraham, Z. 2017 . Fruit Breeding. Astral International (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
 Ray, P.K. 2002. Breeding of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits. Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi.

e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

42
Course No. : H/FS-248 Course Title: Dryland Horticulture
Credit hours: (1+1) 2 Semester: IV

Theroy-Definition, importance and limitation of dry land horticulture, present status and future scope.
Constraints encounter in dry lands. Agro-climatic features in rain shadow areas, scarse water
resources, high temperature, soil erosion, run-off losses etc. Techniques and management of dry land
horticulture.watershed development, soil and water conservation methods-terraces, contour bunds,
etc. Methods of control and impounding of run-off water-farm ponds, trenches, macro catch pits, etc.,
in-situ water harvesting methods, micro catchment, different types of tree basins etc. Methods of
reducing evapotranspiration, use of shelter belts, mulches, antitranspirants, growth regulators, etc.
water use efficiency-need based, economic and conjunctive use of water, micro systems of irrigation
etc. Selection of plants having drought resistance.Special horticultural features of dry land
horticultural crops,Special techniques, planting and after care-use of seedling races, root stocks, in-
situ grafting, deep pitting/planting, canopy management etc. Characters and special adaptation of
crops: ber, aonla, annona, jamun, wood apple, bael, date palm, phalsa, fig, and tamarind, Markingnut ,
Charoli , Passion fruit & Jackfruit, Pomegrante.
Practical- Study of rainfall patterns. Contour bunding/trenching, micro catchments, soil erosion and
its control. Study of evapotranspiration, mulches and micro irrigation systems. Special techniques of
planting and aftercare in dry lands. Study of morphological and anatomical features of drought
tolerant fruit crops.

Lesson/Course Plan
Lecture No. Topic Weightage
(%)
1 Definition, importance and limitation of dry land horticulture 10
2 Present status and future scope. Constraints encounter in dry lands. 10
3 Agro-climatic features in rain shadow areas, scarse water resources, 05
high temperature, soil erosion, run-off losses etc.
4,5 Techniques and management of dry land horticulture: watershed 05
development, soil and water conservation methods-terraces, contour
bunds, etc. Methods of control and impounding of run-off water-farm
ponds, trenches, macro catch pits,etc in-situ water harvesting
methods, micro catchment, different types of tree basins etc
6 Methods of reducing evapotranspiration, use of shelter belts, mulches, 05
antitranspirants, growth regulators, etc
Water use efficiency-need based, economic and conjunctive use of water, Micro
systems of irrigation etc. Special techniques, planting and after care-use of seedling
races, root stocks, in-situ grafting, deep pitting/planting, canopy management etc
drought resistance Characters and special adaptation of the following crop
7 Ber and Aonla 10
8 Annona and Jamun 10
9 Pomegranate 5
10 Tamarind and Loquat 5
11 Fig and Phalsa 10
12 Wood apple, bael 5
13 Date palm 5
14 Charoli 5
15 Carambola, Durian, Marking Nut 5
16 Rambutan, Bilimbi 5
43
 Total 100

Practical programme

Practical No. Topics

1 Study of rainfall patterns
2 Contour bunding
3 Trenching
4 Micro catchments
5 Soil erosion and its control.
6 Study of evapotranspiration,
7 Mulching
8 Irrigation systems-Surface
9 Irrigation systems-Sub Surface
10 Micro irrigation
11 Special techniques of planting and aftercare in dry lands
12 Special horticultural practices in dry land plants
13 Training in dry land plants
14 Pruning in dry land plants
15 Study of morphological and anatomical features of drought tolerant fruit
crops.
16 Study of morphological and anatomical features of salinity tolerant fruit
crops.
Suggested reading:
Reference Books:
 Chadha, K. L. (ICAR)2002, 2001.Hand book of Horticulture. ICAR, New Delhi
 Chundawat, B.S. 1990. Arid Fruit Culture. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
 P.L. Taroj, B.B. Vashishtha, D.G.Dhandar. 2004. Advances in Arid Horticulture. Internal
Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.
 T. Pradeep Kumar, B. Suma, Jyothi Bhaskarand K.N.Sathesan. 2008. Management of
Horticultural Crops. New India Publishing Agency.
 Fruit culture in India , Shyam Singh , S. Krishnamurthy & S. L. Katyal .
 Production technology of fruit crops, K. G. Shanmmugavellu .
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

44
 DEPARTMENT OF
VEGETABLE SCIENCE

45
 DEPARTMENT OF VEGETABLE SCIENCE

Course No.- H/VS – 232 Course title:- Tropical and sub-tropical vegetables
Credit hours: (2+1) 3 Semester- III

Theroy- Area, production, economic importance, scope and export potential of tropical and sub-
tropical vegetable crops. Types of Vegetable Farming, Classification of vegetables, Description of
varieties and hybrid, climate and soil requirements, seed rate, preparation of field, nursery practices;
transplanting of vegetable crops and planting for directly sown/transplanted vegetable crops. Spacing,
planting systems, water and weed management; nutrient management and deficiencies, use of
chemicals and growth regulators. Cropping systems, harvest, yield, post-harvest handling, economics
and marketing of tropical and sub-tropical vegetable crops such as tomato, brinjal, chillies, capsicum,
okra, amaranthus, cluster beans, cowpea, lab-lab, snap bean, cucurbits, moringa, curry leaf, agathi,
portulaca, basella, sorrel and roselle.
Practical- Identification and description of tropical and sub-tropical vegetable crops; nursery
practices and transplanting, preparation of field and sowing/planting for direct sown and planted
vegetable crops.Herbicide use in vegetable culture; top dressing of fertilizers and intercultural; use of
growth regulators; identification of nutrient deficiencies.Physiological disorder.Harvest indices and
maturity standards, post-harvest handling and storage, marketing, cost of cultivation for tropical and
sub-tropical vegetable crops), project preparation for commercial cultivation.
Lesson / Course Plan- Theory

Lectures Particulars Weightages

No. (%)
1 Introduction, scope and importance of vegetable. 8
2 Area, production, economic importance and export potential of tropical
5
and subtropical vegetables and tuber crops.
3 Types of vegetable farming. 5
4 Vegetable classification. 5
Description of varieties and hybrid, climate and soil requirements, seed
rate, preparation of field, nursery practices; transplanting of vegetable
crops and planting for directly sown/transplanted vegetable crops.
Spacing, planting systems, water and weed management; nutrient
management and deficiencies, use of chemicals and growth regulators.
Cropping systems, harvest, yield, post-harvest handling, economics and
marketing of
5-10 Tomato, chilli, brinjal, capsicum. 10
11 Okra 5
12 Cucumber
8
13 Pumpkin and squashes.
14-18 Bitter gourd, ridge gourd snake, gourd, bottle gourd, sponge gourd. 8
19-20 Musk melon and water melon 8
21-24 Beans-French bear, cluster bean cowpea, yard long bean and dolichos
10
bean
25-26 Leafy vegetables - Amaranthus, Mustard, Coriander, Methi. 5
27 Under exploited cucurbits - sweet gourd, pointed gourd, little gourd. 5
28-29 Moringa and curry leaf, 8
30 Agathi, Basella, Portulaca. 4
31 Sorelle and Rooselle 3
32 Recommendations of joint Agresco. 3
Total 100

46
Practical programme

Practical.No. Particulars
1 Identification of tropical vegetable crops
2 Identification of subtropical vegetable crops
3 Raising vegetable seedlings of improved varieties
5 Field preparation and lay out for vegetable crops
6 Seed treatment and sowing of vegetable corps.
7 Planting and transplanting of vegetables crops
8 Integrated weed management in veg crops.
9 Methods of irrigation and manuring
10 Use of plant growth regulators in veg. production.
11 Identification of nutritional deficiencies in veg. crops and remedies.
12 Identification of physiological disorders in veg. crops.
13 Harvesting indices and maturity standards.
14 Harvesting of vegetables.
15 Packaging and storage of vegetable crops.
16 Project preparation and cost of cultivation of any two vegetables.
Sugested readings:
Text book:
 B.R.Choudhary, 2009. A Text book on production technology of vegetables. Kalyani
Publishers. Ludhiana.
 S. Thamburaj, 2014. Text book of vegetable, tuber crops and Spices. ICAR, New Delhi
Reference Books:
 Choudhury, B. (ICAR). 1990. Vegetables. 8th edition, National Book Trust, New Delhi.
 Haldavnekar, P.C.; Parulekar, Y.R.; Mali, P.C. and Haldankar, P.M, 2015.Vegetables –
Production Technology, Astral International.
 K S Yawalkar, 2008. Vegetable crops in India. Agri-Horticultural Pub. House. Nagpur. 2004
 K.L.Chadha, 1993. Advances in Horticulture. Malhotra publishing house. New Delhi
 K.V.Kamath, 2007.Vegetable Crop Production. Oxford Book Company. Jaipur
 M.K.Rana, 2008.Olericulture in India. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana
 M.S.Dhaliwal, 2008. Handbook of Vegetable Crops. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana
 Nath Prem, 1994.Vegetables for the Tropical Regions. ICAR New Delhi
 P.Hazra, 2011. Modern Technology in Vegetable Production. New India Publishing Agency.
New Delhi.
 Pratibha Sharma, 2007. Vegetable : Disease Diagnosis and Biomanagement. Avishkar
Publishers. Jaipur
 Premnath, Sundari Velayudhan and Singh, D.P., 1987. Vegetables for the tropical region.
ICAR, New Delhi.Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
 Shanmugavelu, K.G., 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Oxford &IBH
 Singh, D.K., 2007. Modern Vegetable varieties and production. IBN publishers, Technology
International Book Distributing Co, Lucknow.
 Singh, Umashankar, 2008. Indian Vegetables. Anmol Publications. Pvt.Ltd .New Delhi.
 T.K.Bose, 2002.Vegetable Crops. Nayaprakash. Kolkata
 T.R.Gopal Krishnan, 2007. Vegetable Crops. New India Publishing Agency. New Delhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

47
Course No.- H/VS-243 Title: Spices and condiments
Credit hours–(2+1) 3 Semester- IV

Theory - History, scope and importance, Present status, area and production, uses, export potential
and role in national economy. Classification, soil and climate, propagation-seed, vegetative and
micropropagation, systems and methods of planting. Nutritional management, irrigation practices,
weed control, mulching and cover cropping. Training and pruning practices, role of growth regulators,
shade crops and shade regulation. Harvesting, post-harvest technology, packaging, storage, value
added products, methods of extraction of essential oil and oleoresins. Economics of cultivation, role
of Spice Board and Pepper. Export Promotion Council, institutions and research centers in R&D.
Crops: Cardamom, pepper, ginger, turmeric, clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, all spice, curry leaf, coriander,
fenugreek, fennel, cumin, dill, celery, bishops weed, saffron, vanilla, thyme rosemary, Oregano,
Mint- Sweet and Sour.
Practicals - Identification of varieties: propagation, seed treatment – sowing; layout, planting; hoeing
and earthing up; manuring and use of weedicides, training and pruning; fixing maturity standards,
harvesting, curing, processing, grading and extraction of essential oils and oleoresins. Visit to
commercial plantations.
Lesson/Course plan- Theory

Lecture Weightage
Topics
No. (%)
History, difference in spices and condiments, importance of spices
1-2 and condiments. Scope of spices and condiments in India and their 15
export potential
Climate and soil requirements, area, production, propagation
method including micro propagation, varieties, planting, aftercares,
irrigation, nutrient and weed management, cover cropping
mulching, training and pruning, use of growth regulators, shade
regulation, harvesting, curing, packaging, storage, extraction of oil
and oleoresins, economics of the following crops
3-8 Tree Spices: Black pepper, Clove, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Allspice 10
9-10 Cardamom 10
11-14 Condiments: Turmeric Ginger 10
15-16 Kokum, 5
17 Curry leaf 05
18-22 Seed spices: Coriander, Fenugreek, Fennel, cumin, Celery 10
Bishop’s weed, Dill
23-24 Saffron, Vanilla 10
25-26 Herbal specis: Thyme, Rose merry, Oregano 5
27 Mint Sweet and Sour 5
28-29 Role of spice board and pepper export promotion 5
30-31 Institutions and Research stations in R & D of spice crop 5
32 Recommendations of Joint Agresco 5
,
Total 100

5 Practical programme-

Practical Topic
No.
1 Identification and description of different spices.
2 Identification and description of different condiments
3 Study of varieties of different spices and condiments

48
 4 Propagation methods and nursery management in spices.
5 Propagation methods and nursery management in condiments
6 Special horticultural practices in spices and condiments
7 Intercultural Operations in spice gardens
8 Intercultural Operations in condiments gardens
9 Harvesting, maturity indices, grading of spices
10 Harvesting, maturity indices, grading of condiments
11 Storage of spices and condiments
12 Processing of spices and condiments
13 Extraction of essential oil and oleoresin from spices and condiments.
14 Integrated pest management of spices and condiments
15 Integrated disease management of spices and condiments
16 Visit to commercial plantations of spices and condiments.

Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:
 Kumar, N. J.B. M. Md. Abdul khaddar, Ranga Swamy, P. and Irulappan, I., 1997. Introduction to
Spices, Plantation Crops, and aromatic crops. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
 Pruthi, J.S., 1980. Spices and Condiments. Academic Press, New York.
 Pruthi, J.S., 1993. Major Spices of India- Crop Management Postharvest Technology. ICAR,
New Delhi.
 Pruthi, J.S., 2001. Minor Spices and Condiments-Crop ManagementPost Harvest Technology.
ICAR, New Delhi.
 Purseglove, Brown, E.G. Green, G.Z. Robbins, S.R.J. London, Longman, 1981. Spices Vol.I &
II.
 Shanmugavelu, K.G. and Madhava Rao, 1977. Spices and Plantation Crops. Madras Popular
Book Depot.
 Shanmugavelu, K.G. Kumar, N and Peter, K.V., 2005. Production technology of spices and
plantation crops. Agrosis, Jodhpur.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

49
Course No : H/VS-356 Course title: Breeding of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops
Credit hours : ( 2+1) 3 Semester : V

Theory- Breeding objectives and important concepts of breeding self pollinated cross pollinated and
vegetatively propagated crops. Plant genetic resources, their conservation and utilization in crop
improvement. Breeding for insect resistance, breeding for disease resistance, breeding for abiotic
resistance, Male sterility and incompatibility and their utilization in development of hybrids. Origin,
distribution of species, wild relatives and forms of vegetable crops viz., Solanaceous vegetables:
Tomato, Brinjal, Capsicum, Chilli, Okra, Cucurbits: Cucumber, Watermelon, Bitter gourd, Bottle
gourd, Cole crops: Cabbage, Cauliflower, Tuber crops: Potato, Sweet potato, Cassava, Discordia,
Root crops: Carrot, Radish, Spice crops: Ginger, Turmeric, Leafy vegetables: Amaranthus,
Fenugreek and Spinach, Legume vegetables: Pea, Dolichus bean, Cluster bean. Breeding procedures
for development of hybrids/varieties in various crops viz., Introduction, Selection, Hybridization,
Mutation, Polyploidy and Heterosis. Application of biotechnology in vegetable crop
improvement.Genetic basis of adoptability and stability.

Practical - Breeder kit, Floral biology and pollination mechanism in self and cross pollinated
vegetables, tuber crops and spices. Working out phenotypic and genotypic heritability, genetic
advance.GCA, SCA, combining ability, heterosis, heterobeltosis, standard heterosis, G x E
interactions (stability analysis). Preparation and uses of chemical and physical mutagens. Polyploidy
breeding and chromosomal studies. Techniques of F1 hybrid seed production. Maintenance of
breeding records.

Lesson plan- Theory

Lecture Topic Weightage

No. (%)
1 Breeding objectives 5

2 Important concepts of breeding self pollinated cross pollinated and 10

vegetatively propagated crops.
3 Plant genetic resources, their conservation and utilization in crop 5
improvement.
4-5 Breeding for insect resistance, breeding for disease resistance 5
6-7 Breeding for abiotic resistance 5
8-9 Male sterility and incompatibility and their utilization in development of 10
hybrids.
Origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and forms and breeding
procedures for development of hybrids/varieties in various crops
10-12 Solanaceous vegetables: Tomato, Brinjal, Capsicum, Chilli 10
13 Okra 5
14-17 Cucurbits: Cucumber, Watermelon, Bitter gourd, Bottle gourd 5
18-19 Cole Crops: Cabbage, Cauliflower 05
20 Tuber crops: Potato, Sweet potato, Cassava, Discordia 05
21-22 Bulb Crops : Onion and Garlic 5
23-24 Root crops: Carrot, Radish 5
25-26 Leafy vegetables- Amaranthus, Fenugreek and Spinach 5
27 Legume Vegetables: Pea, Dolichus bean, Cluster bean. 5
28-29 Spice crops: Ginger, Turmeric 5
30-31 Genetic basis of adoptability and stability 5
50
 32 Recommendations of Joint Agresco 5
Total 100

Practical programme

Practical No. Topics

1 Field equipment for Plant Breeders, Breeder kit
2 Selfing Methods
3 Floral Biology and Hybridization Techniques in solanaceous vegetable
4 Floral Biology and Hybridization Techniquesin crucifers
5 Floral Biology and Hybridization Techniques in cucurbitaceous
6 Floral Biology and Hybridization Techniques in leguminous vegetable
7 Floral Biology and Hybridization Techniques in root vegetables
8 Floral Biology and Hybridization Techniques in alliums
9 Floral Biology and Hybridization Techniques in tuber crops
10 Floral Biology and Hybridization Techniques in spices
11 Working out phenotypic and genotypic heritability, genetic advance. GCA, SCA,
combining ability.
12 Heterosis, heterobeltosis, standard heterosis, GxE interactions (stability analysis)
13 Preparation and uses of chemical and physical mutagens.
14 Polyploidy breeding and chromosomal studies.
15 Techniques of F1 hybrid seed production.
16 Maintenance of breeding records.

Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:
 Fageria, M.S., 2011. Vegetable Crops- Breeding and Seed Production. Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.
 H.P. Singh, 2009.Vegetable Varieties of India. Studium Press (India) Pvt Ltd. New Delhi.
 Hari Hara Ram, 2013.Vegetable Breeding: Principle and Practices. Kalyani Publishers.
Ludhiana.
 Kallo G, 1998. Vegetable Breeding (Vol.I to IV). CRC Press. Florida. 1988.
 M.S. Dhaliwal.2012. Techniques of Developing Hybrids in Vegetable Crops. Agrobios.
Jodhpur.
 M.S.Dhaliwal, 2009. Vegetable Seed Production & Hybrid Technology. Kalyani Publishers.
Ludhiana.
 P.K.Singh, 2005. Hybrid Vegetable Development. CRC Press. Florida.
 Vishnu Swaroop, 2014. Vegetable Science &Technology in India. Kalyani Publishers.
Ludhiana.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

51
Course No.- H/VS-367 Title: Seed production of vegetable, Tuber and spice crops
Credit hours– (2+1) 3 Semester-VI

Theroy- Introduction and history of seed industry in India.Definition of seed, classes-types of

seed.Differences between grain and seed.Importance and scope of vegetable seed production in
India.Principles of vegetable seed production. Role of temperature, humidity and light in vegetable
seed production, land requirements, climate, season, planting time, nursery management, seed rate,
rouging, seed extraction and storage of cole crops, root vegetables, solanaceous vegetables, cucurbits,
okra, leafy vegetables, bulb crops, leguminous vegetables and exotic vegetables. Seed germination
and purity analysis. Field and seed standards.Seed drying and extraction. Seed legislation.
Practical-Study of seed structure, colour size, shape and texture.Field inspection of seed
crops.Practices in rouging.Harvesting and seed extraction.Germination and purity analysis. Methods
of seed production, Seed certification in cole crops, root vegetables, bulb crops, solanaceous
vegetables, cucurbits, okra, leafy vegetables, leguminous vegetables and exotic vegetables. Seed
processing machines. Visit to seed production units.

Lesson/course plan
Lecture Topics Weightage
No. (%)
History of seed industry in India, Definition of seed and difference 8
1-2
between grain and seed and classes,types of seed
3-4 Importance and scope of seed production in india,Principles of seed 8
production
5-6 Role of climate (Light, humidity, temp. etc) on vegetable seed 4
production.
7 Agencies of pollination and isolation distance in vegetable seed 4
production.
8 Field standards and seed standards. 4
9-10 Seed production methods in cole crops. (cabbage, cauliflower, 8
knolkhol, broccoli)
11-12 Seed production methods in solanaceous crops (tomato, chilli, brinjal, 8
bellpeper)
13-15 Seed production methods in cucurbits (cucumber, Bitter gourds, 8
pumpkin, Watermelon)
16-17 Seed production methods in leafy vegetables (fenugreek, amaranthus, 4
palak)
18-21 Seed production methods in beans and peas (pea, french bean, 4
dolichos bean)
22-23 Seed production methods in bulb crops (onion, garlic) 7
24-25 Seed production methods in tuber crops (potato, sweet potato) 4
26-27 Seed production in root vegetables (radish, carrot) 4
28-29 Seed extraction, drying, processing and storage of seed. 7
30 Seed testing for germination, viability and purity. 7
31 Seed production in seed spice crops(Coriander) 7
32 Seed act / legislation Recommendations of Joint Agresco. 4
Total 100
Practicals programme
Practical No. Topics
1 Study of seed structure, size, shape etc.

52
 2 Objectives and practices of field inspection.
3 Objectives and practices in rouging.
4 Seed sampling techniques and types of seed samples
5 Seed testing techniques for determination of percent germination,viability, purity.
6 Seed classes or types on the basis of physical and genetical purity
7 Harvesting, extraction, processing, drying of seeds.
8 Packaging, labelling and storage of Seeds.
9 Methods of seed production in cole crops.
10 Methods of seed production in root vegetables.
11 Methods of seed production in bulb crops.
12 Methods of seed production in solanaceous crops
13 Methods of seed production in cucurbitaceous crops.
14 Methods of seed production in leafy vegetables.
15 Methods of seed production in leguminous vegetables.
16 Visit to seed production plots, seed processing units and seed testing laboratory.

Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:
 Agarwal, P. K. 2010. Techniques in Seed Science and Technology. South Asian
 Agrawal R. L. 1999. Seed Technology. Oxford and IBH Publicity Company, New Delhi.
 Arya, Prem Singh. 2003. Vegetable seed Production Principles. Kalyani Publishers.
 Fageria, M. S. 2011. Vegetable Crops- Breeding and Seed Production. Kalyani
 G.N. Kulkarni, 2002. Principles of Seed Technology. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
 Geetharani, P. 2007. Seed Technology in Horticultural Crops. NPH Publications. Jodhpur.
 Khare, D. and Bhole, M.S. 2000. Seed Technology. Scientific Publishers (India) Jodhpur.
 L.O. Copeland, 1999. Principles of Seed Science and Technology. Springer Publications.
Ludhiana.
 N.P. Nema, 1988. Principles of seed certification and Testing. Allied Publications.
 Nemgal Singh, P.K. Singh, Y.K. Singh and Virendrakumar, 2006. Vegetable Seed Production
Technology. International book distributing co., Lucknow.
 P. Hazra and M.G. Som, 2009. Vegetable seed production and Hybrid Technology. Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.
 Prem Singh Arya, 2003. Vegetable breeding, production and seed production. Kalyani
publishers, New Delhi.
 Rattan lalAgarwal, 1995. Seed technology. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi
 Raymond A.T., 2000. Vegetable Seed Production. Oxford University Press, USA
 Singh, Prabhakar.2015.Seed Production Technology of vegetable.Daya Publishing House.
New Delhi.
 Singh, S.P. 2001. Seed Production in Commercial Vegetables. Agrotech Publishing Academy,
Udaipur.
 Vanangamudi, K. 2006. Natarajan, P. Srimathi, N.Natarajan, T. Saravanan, M.Bhaskaran, A.
Bharathi, P. Nateshan, K. Malarkodi. Advances in Seed Science. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur.
 Vanangamudi, K.2010. Vegetable Hybrid Seed Production and Management. Agrobios.
Jodhpur.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

53
Course No.- H/VS–245 Course title:- Temperate Vegetable crops
Credit hours: (1+1) 2 Semester- IV

Theory – Scope and Importance of cool season vegetable crops in nutrition and national economy.
Area, production, export potential, description of varieties and hybrids, origin, climate and soil,
production technologies, post-harvest technology and Marketing of cabbage, cauliflower, knol-khol,
sprouting broccoli, Brussels ‘sprout, lettuce, palak, Chinese cabbage, spinach, garlic, onion, leek,
radish, carrot, turnip, beet root, peas, broad beans, rhubarb, asparagus, globe artichoke, Vegetable
kale, fenugreek and coriander.

Practical - Identification and description of varieties/hybrids; propagation methods, nursery

management; preparation of field, sowing/transplanting; use of plant growth regulators; identification
of physiological and nutritional disorders and their corrections; important pest and diseases; post-
harvest handling; cost of cultivation and field visits to commercial farms.

Lession/Course Plan - Theory

Lecture
Particulars Weightages (%)
No.
1 Scope and Importance of cool season vegetable crops in nutrition 10
and national economy.
2 Area, production, export potential, description of Temperate 10
Vegetables
Description of varieties and hybrids, origin, climate and soil,
production technologies, post-harvest technology and marketing of
3 Cabbage 8
4 Cauliflower 8
5 Sprouting Brocoli 8
6 Chinesse cabbage 4
7 Knol Khol 4
8 Brussel’s Sprout, Lettuce 4
9-10 Radish, Carrot, Turnip, Beet root 8
11 Pea, Broad Bean 8
12 Palak, Spinach, coriander, fenugreek 8
13 Onion 8
14 Garlic 4
15 Asparagus, Leek, Globe artichoke, Kale, fenugreek, coriander 4
16 Recommendations of Joint Agresco 4
Total 100
Practical Programme

Practical Particulars
No.
1 Identification temperate Vegetables
2 Botanical description of temperate vegetables
3 Identification and description of commercially important varieties of temperate
vegetables.
4 Botanical description commercially important varieties of temperate vegetables.
5 Propagation methods, nursery management Raising seedlings of temperate
54
 vegetables,
6 Use of Plant Growth Regulators in temperate vegetables
7 Land preparation and layout of planting
8 Transplanting of temperate vegetables
9 Identification of physiological disorders in temperate vegetables and remedies
10 Methods of irrigation
11 Manures and Fertilizer application
12 Identification of nutritional deficiencies in temperate vegetables and their
control measures
13 Maturity indices and harvesting of temperate vegetables, Packaging and
storage of temperate vegetables.
14 Estimation of cost of cultivation of temperate vegetables.
15 Important Pest and diseases in vegetables
16 Field visit to vegetable farms andvegetable market
Suggested Reading:
Text books:
 B.R.Choudhary 2009.AText book on production technology of vegetables. Kalyani Publishers.
Ludhiana.
 S. Thamburaj. 2014. Text book of vegetable, tuber crops and Spices. ICAR, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
 Bose, T.K. 2003. Vegetable Crops. Naya udyog publishers, Kolkata. 2002. Naya Prakash,
Calcutta.
 Choudhery, B., 1990. Vegetables. 8th edition. National Book Trust, New Delhi.
 Haldavnekar, P.C.; Parulekar, Y.R.; Mali, P.C. and Haldankar, P.M,2015. Vegetables –
Production Technology , Astral International.
 K S Yawalkar, 2004.Vegetable crops in India. Agri-Horticultural Pub. House. Nagpur.
 K.L.Chadha. 1993.Advances in Horticulture. Malhotra publishing house. New Delhi
 K.V.Kamath. 2007.Vegetable Crop Production. Oxford Book Company. Jaipur
 M.K.Rana, 2008.Olericulture in India. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana
 M.S.Dhaliwal, 2008.Handbook of Vegetable Crops. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana
 Nath Prem. 1994.Vegetables for the Tropical Regions. ICAR New Delhi
 P.Hazra. 2006.Vegetable science. Kalyani Publishers .Ludhiana
 P.Hazra. 2011. Modern Technology in Vegetable Production. New India Publishing Agency.
New Delhi.
 Pratibha Sharma,2007. Vegetables: Disease Diagnosis and Biomanagement. Avishkar
Publishers. Jaipur
 Prem Singh Arya, 1999. Vegetable Seed Production Principles. Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
 Shanmugavelu, K.G. 1989. Production technology of vegetable crops. Oxford and IBH
publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
 Singh, Umashankar, 2008. Indian Vegetables. Anmol Publications. Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi.
 T.K.Bose. 2002.Vegetable Crops. Nayaprakash. Kolkata
 T.R.Gopal Krishnan, 2007. Vegetable Crops. New India Publishing Agency. New Delhi.
 Uma Shankar. 2008. Vegetable Pest Management Guide for Farmers. International Book
Distribution Co. Publication. Lucknow.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

55
Course No.- H/VS -121 Course title:- Potato and Tuber Crops
Credit hours: (1+1) 2 Semester- II

Theory - Origin, area, production, economic importance and export potential of potato and tropical,
sub-tropical and temperate tuber crops; description of varieties and hybrids. Climate and soil
requirement, season; seed rate; preparation of field; planting practices; spacing; water, nutrient and
weed management; nutrient deficiencies. Use of chemicals and growth regulators; cropping systems.
Harvesting practices, yield; economic of cultivation. Post- harvest handling and storage, field and
seed standards, marketing. Crops to be covered – potato, sweet potato, arrow root, cassava, colocasia,
xanthosoma, amorphophallus, dioscorea, Jerusalem artichoke, horse radish and other under exploited
tuber crops.

Practical - Identification and description of potato and tropical, sub-tropical and temperate tuber
crops; planting systems and practices; field preparation and sowing/planting. Top dressing of
fertilizers and interculture and use of herbicides and growth regulators; identification of nutrient
deficiencies, physiological disorders; harvest indices and maturity standards, post-harvest handling
and storage, marketing. Seed collection, working out cost of cultivation, project preparation of
commercial cultivation.

Lesson/Course Plan -Theory

Lectures Particulars Weightages
No. (%)
1 Scope and importance of potato and other tuber crops 10
2 Nutritional importance of Potato and tuber crops. 4
3 Area, Production and export potential of various tuber crops, cultivation 10
practices including soil and climate, season, seed rate, preparation of field
planting, spacing, water, nutrient and weed management. Deficiencies and
their management, Use of PGR’S and chemicals, Special intercultural
operations, cropping system, Harvesting and yield. Economics of
cultivation, Post-harvest handling, field and seed standards and marketing
of
4-5 Potato 10
6 Sweet potato 10
7 Cassava 8
8 Colocasia 4
9 Xanthosoma 4
10 Amorphophallus 8
11 Greater yam 4
12 Aerial Yam 8
13 Lesser yam 8
14-15 Jerusalem artichoke, Horse Raddish, Yam bean, Arrow root and Chinese 8
potato and other under exploited tubers
16 Recommendations of Joint Agresco. 4
Total 100

56
Practical programme

Practical No. Particulars

1 Identification and description of various tuber crops.
2 Study of various propagation methods in tuber crops
3 Field preparation and planting of Sweet potato, Potato,
4 Field preparation and planting of Amorphophallus, Colocasia,
5 Field preparation and planting of Cassava,
6 Field preparation and planting of Aerial Yam, Lesser yam etc.
7 Nutrient management in tuber crops.
8 Intercultural operations in potato.
9 Intercultural operations in tuber crops
10 Nutrient deficiencies and physiological disorders in tuber crops.
11 Study of maturity indices and harvesting of various tuber crops
12 Post-harvest handling curing to storage of tuber crops.
13 Marketing of tuber crops.
14 Working of cost of cultivation of important tubers.
15 Preparation of commercially viable project proposal.
16 Visit to tuber research station /farmers field.
Suggested Reading:
Text books:
 S. Thamburaj. 2014. Text book of vegetable, tuber crops and Spices. ICAR, New Delhi.
 B.R.Choudhary 2009.AText book on production technology of vegetables. Kalyani Publishers.
Ludhiana.
Reference Books:
 T.K.Bose. 2002.Vegetable Crops. Nayaprakash. Kolkata
 P.Hazra. 2011. Modern Technology in Vegetable Production. New India Publishing Agency.
New Delhi.
 T.R.Gopal Krishnan, 2007. Vegetable Crops. New India Publishing Agency. New Delhi.
 K.V.Kamath. 2007.Vegetable Crop Production. Oxford Book Company. Jaipur
 M.S.Dhaliwal, 2008.Handbook of Vegetable Crops. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana
 Singh, Umashankar, 2008. Indian Vegetables. Anmol Publications. Pvt.Ltd .New Delhi.
 K S Yawalkar, 2004.Vegetable crops in India. Agri-Horticultural Pub. House. Nagpur.
 M.K.Rana, 2008.Olericulture in India. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana
 P.Hazra. 2006.Vegetable science. Kalyani Publishers .Ludhiana
 Pratibha Sharma,2007.Vegetables : Disease Diagnosis and Biomanagement. Avishkar
Publishers. Jaipur
 Uma Shankar. 2008. Vegetable Pest Management Guide for Farmers. International Book
Distribution Co. Publication. Lucknow.
 Nath Prem. 1994.Vegetables for the Tropical Regions. ICAR New Delhi
 K.L.Chadha. 1993.Advances in Horticulture. Malhotra publishing house. New Delhi
 Shanmugavelu, K.G. 1989. Production technology of vegetable crops. Oxford and IBH
publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.

57
  Bose, T.K. 2003. Vegetable Crops. Naya udyog publishers, Kolkata. 2002. Naya Prakash,
Calcutta.
 Prem Singh Arya, 1999. Vegetable Seed Production Principles. Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
 Choudhery, B., 1990. Vegetables. 8th edition. National Book Trust, New Delhi.
 Vincent Lebot, 2008.Tropical roots and tuber crops. CAVI.
 J.E. Bradashaw, 2010. Root and tuber crops. Springer Publications.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

58
Course No : H/VS- 244 Course title -Precision Farming and Protected Cultivation
Credit hours : ( 2+1)3 Semester : IV

Theory-Precision farming – laser levelling, mechanized direct seed sowing, seedling and sapling
transplanting, mapping of soils and plant attributes, site specific input application, weed management,
insect pests and disease management, yield mapping in horticultural crops. Green house technology,
Introduction, Importance,scope,advantages and dis-advantages, Types of Green Houses; Plant
response to Greenhouse environment, Planning and design of greenhouses, Design criteria of
greenhouse for cooling and heating purposes.Green house equipment, materials of construction for
traditional and low cost green houses. Irrigation systems used in greenhouses, Typical applications,
passive solar green house, hot air greenhouse heating systems, green house drying. Cost estimation
and economic analysis. Choice of crops for cultivation under greenhouses, problems / constraints of
greenhouse cultivation and future strategies. Growing media, soil culture, type of soil required,
drainage, flooding and leaching, soil pasteurization in peat moss and mixtures, rock wool and other
inert media, nutrient film technique (NFT) / hydroponics.
Practical- Study of different types of greenhouses based on shape, utility,construction and cladding
materials; Calculation of air rate exchange in an active summer winter cooling system; Calculation of
rate of air exchange in an active winter cooling system; Estimation of drying rate of agricultural
products inside green house; Testing of soil and water to study its suitability for growing crops in
greenhouses; The study of fertigation requirements for greenhouses crops and estimation of E.C. in
the fertigation solution; The study of various growing media used in raising of greenhouse crops and
their preparation and pasteurization / sterilization; Visit to commercial greenhouses; Economics of
protected cultivation.
Lesson/Course Plan- Theory

Lecture Topics Weightage

No. (%)
1 Precision farming – Introduction and history 8
2 Precision farming – Importance and Scope
3 Laser leveling, mechanized direct seed sowing seedling and sapling 3
transplanting
4 Mapping of soils and plant attributes 4
5 Site specific input application 8
6 Weed management 4
7 Insect pests and disease management 4
8 Yield mapping in horticultural crops. 4
9 Green house technology – Introduction viz. Importance,scope, advantages 8
and dis-advantages.
10 Types of Green Houses based on shape, utility, construction and cladding
materials;
11 Plant response to Greenhouse environment 4
12 Planning and design of greenhouses 4
13 Design criteria of greenhouse for cooling and heating purposes 8
14 Green house equipment
15 Materials of construction for traditional and low cost green houses.
16 Irrigation systems used in greenhouses
17 Net house cultivation 8
18 Passive solar green house 3
19 Hot air greenhouse heating systems
20 Green house drying
21-25 Choice of crops for cultivation under greenhouses Tomato, Capsicum, 16
59
 Cabbage, Cauliflower, Cucumber, Broccoli, Chinese cabbage, Spinach,
Lettuce
26-27 Cost estimation and economic analysis 4
28 Problems / constraints of greenhouse cultivation and future strategies. 4
29 Growing media, Soil culture- type of soil required 3
30 Drainage - flooding and leaching
31 Soil pasteurization in peat moss and mixtures, Rock wool and other inert 3
media
32 Nutrient film technique (NFT) HydroponicsRecommendations of joint
Agresco

Total 100

Practical programme
Practical No. Topics
1 Study of different types of greenhouses based on shape, utility,
2 Study of different types of greenhouses based onconstruction and cladding materials
3 Calculation of air rate exchange in an active summer winter cooling system;
4 Estimation of drying rate of agricultural products inside green house;
5 Testing of soil and water to study its suitability for growing crops in greenhouses;
6 The study of fertigation requirements for greenhouses crops and estimation of E.C. in
the fertigation solution;
7 The study of various growing media used in raising of greenhouse crops and their
preparation and pasteurization / sterilization;
8 Visit to commercial greenhouses;
9 Cultivation of Capsicum under protected cultivation
10 Cultivation of Tomato under protected cultivation
11 Cultivation of Cucumber under protected cultivation
12 Cultivation of Cucurbits under protected cultivation with mulches
13 Cultivation of Summer squash under protected cultivation with mulches
14 Cultivation of melons and beans under protected cultivation with mulches
15 Cultivation of spinach, coriander
16 Economics of protected cultivation

Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:
 Aldrich R A and Bartok J W. 1994. NRAES, Riley, Robb Hall. Green House Engineering.
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
 Balraj Singh. 2006. Protected cultivation of vegetable crops. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
 Brahma Singh, 2014.Advances in Protected Cultivation. New India Publishing Agency. New
Delhi.
 Jitendra Singh, 2015.Precision Farming in Horticulture. New India Publishing Agency. New
Delhi.
 Jitendra Singh, S.K. Jain, L.K. Dashora, B.S. Cundawat.2013. Precision forming in
Horticulture. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
 Pant V Nelson. 1991.Green House Operation and Management. Bali Publication.
 Prasad S. 2005. Greenhouse Management for Horticultural Crops. Agrobios. Jodhpur.
 Reddy P. Parvatha, 2003. Protected Cultivation. Springer Publications. USA.
 Reddy, P. Parvatha. 2011. Sustainable crop protection under Protected Cultivation. Springer
Publications. USA.
60
  T. Pradeep Kumar, B. Suma, JyothiBhaskar and K.N.Satheson. 2008. Management of
Horticultural crops. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

61
62
DEPARTMENT OF POST
HARVEST TECHNOLOGY

63
 DEPARTMENT OF POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY

Course No.- H/PHT-362 Course title:Post-harvest Management of Horticulture Crops

Credit hours: (2+1) 3 Semester- VI
Theory-Importance of postharvest technology in horticultural crops. Maturity, types of maturity and
factors affecting maturity of horticultural crops, maturity indices, harvesting, handling, grading of
fruits, vegetables, cut flowers, plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants.Pre-harvest factors
affecting quality, factors responsible for deterioration of horticultural produce, physiological and bio-
chemical changes, hardening and delaying ripening process.Postharvest treatments of horticultural
crops.Quality parameters and specification. Structure of fruits, vegetables and cut flowers related to
physiological changes after harvest. Methods of storage for local market and export.Pre-harvest
treatment and pre-cooling, pre-storage treatments.Different systems of storage, packaging methods
and types of packages, recent advances in packaging.Types of containers and cushioning materials,
vacuum packaging, cold storage, poly shrink packaging, grape guard packing treatments. Modes of
transport.
Practical-Practice in judging the maturity of various horticultural produce, determination of
physiological loss in weight and quality.Grading of horticultural produce, post-harvest treatment of
horticultural crops, physical and chemical methods. Packaging studies in fruits, vegetables, plantation
crops and cut flowers by using different packaging materials, methods of storage, post-harvest
disorders in horticultural produce.Identification of storage pests and diseased in spices.Visit to
markets, packaging houses and cold storage units.
Lesson/Course Plan - Theory
Weightage
Lecture No. Topics
(%)
1 Importance of Postharvest Technology in horticultural crops. 8
Maturity, types of maturity and factors affecting maturity of
horticultural crops,
Maturity indices, harvesting, handling, grading of
2-3 Fruits (Mango, Banana, Papaya, Citrus, Guava, Annona, Aonla, 8
Grape, Sapota, Pomegranate, Pine apple, Litchi, Strawberry)
4-5 Vegetables (Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli, Potato, Cabbage, Cauliflower, 8
Onion, Okra, Peas, Watermelon/Muskmelon, Cucumber, Turmeric )
6 Cut flowers ( Rose, chrysanthemum, Gladiolus, Carnation, Tuberose, 4
Gerbera)
7-8 Plantation crops and spices (Coconut, Cashew nut, Arecanut, Tea, 4
Coffee)
9-10 Medicinal and aromatic plants(Aswagandha, Safed musali, Aloevera, 4
Lemon grass, Citronella, Khus, Mentha, Osimum )
11 Pre-harvest factors affecting quality 4
12-14 Factors responsible for deterioration of fruits, vegetables, cut flowers 4
15-16 Physiological and bio-chemical changes during ripening 4
17 Hastening and delaying ripening process. 4
18-20 Postharvest treatments of horticultural crops –VHT, HWT, irradiation, 8
fungicidal and chemical
21-23 Quality parameters and specification in fruits, vegetables and cut 4
flowers
24-25 Structure of fruits, vegetables and cut flowers related to physiological 4
changes after harvest.
26 Methods of storage for local market and export. 4
27 Pre-harvest treatment and pre-cooling, pre-storage treatments 4
28 Different systems of storage. 4
64
 29 Packaging methods and types of packages, recent advances in 7
packaging-vacuum packaging, poly shrink packaging, grape guard
30 Types of containers and cushioning materials, packing treatments and 7
cold storage.
31 Modes of transport 3
32 Recommendations of Joint Agresco 3
Total 100
Practical programme
Practical No. Topics
1 Maturity indices of fruits
2 Maturity indices of vegetables
3 Maturity indices of flowers
4 Maturity indices of Plantation crop
5 Maturity indices of Spices
6 Determination of physiological loss in weight and quality
7 Grading of horticultural produce (manual)
8 Grading of horticultural produce(Mechanical)
9 Post-harvest treatment of horticultural crops, physical and chemical methods.
10 Packaging in fruits, vegetables by using different packaging materials,
11 Packaging in plantation crops and cut flowers by using different packaging
materials
12 Methods of storage
13 Post-harvest disorders in horticultural produce
14 Identification of storage pests and diseases in Horticulture crops
15 Visit to packaging houses
16 Visit to cold storage
Suggested reading:
Reference Books:
 Battacharjee, S. K. and De, L. C. 2005. Post Harvest Technology of Flowers and Ornamentals
Plants. Ponteer Publisher, Jaipur, India.
 Chadha, K. L. and Kalloo, G.1993. Advances in Horticulture. Vol. 4 to 10. MPH, New Delhi.
 Fellows, P. J. 1998. Food Processing Technology – principles and Practices. Ellis Horwood.
 Hulme, A.C. 1970. Food Science & Technology - A Series of Monograph. The Biochemistry
of Fruits and their Products. Vol.-1. Academic Press London & New York.
 Jacob John, P. 2008. A Handbook on Post Harvest management of Fruits and vegetables. Daya
Publishing House, Delhi-1081-7035-532-X.
 Kitinoja, L. and Kader, A. A. 2003. Small-Scale Postharvest Handling practice: A Manual for
Horticulture crops (4th edt.). US Davis, PHT Research and information Center.
 Kitinoja, L. and Kader, A. A. 2003. Small-Scale Postharvest Handling practice: A Manual for
Horticulture crops (4 edt). US Davis, PHT Research and information Center.
 Mitra, S. K. 1997. Post Harvest Physiology and Storage of Tropical and Sub-tropical Fruits.
CAB International.
 Neetu Sharma and Mashkoor Alam, M. 1998. Post Harvest Diseases of Horticultural
Perishables. International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.
 Pruthi, J. S. 2001. Minor Spices and Condiments – Crop Managements and Post Harvest
Technology. ICAR, New Delhi.
 Saraswathy, S. et. al. 2008. Post harvest Management of Horticultural Crops. Agribios
(India).81-7754-322-9.
 Shanmugavelu, K. G., Kumar, N. and Peter K.V. 2002. Production Technology of Spices and
Plantation Crops. Agrobios (India).
 Stanley, J. K. 1998. Post Harvest Physiology of Perishable Plant Products. CBS, New Delhi.

65
 Thomposon, A. K. 1996. Post harvest Technology of Fruits and Vegetables. Blackwell
Science.
 Verma, L. R. and Joshi, V. K. 2000. Post Harvest Technology of Fruits and Vegetables. Vol. I
& II. Indus Publishing Co., New Delhi
 Wiils, McGlasson and Graham, J. 2007. Post Harvest- An Introduction to the Physiology and
Handling of Fruits, Vegetables and ornamentals. Cab International

e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/
www.postharvest.ucdavis.edu
http://www.fao.org/infoods/index_en.stm
http://www.postharvest.com.au

66
Course No.- H/PHT-363 Course title:- Processing of Horticultural Crops
Credit hours: (1+2) 3 Semester- VI

Theory- Importance and scope of fruit and vegetable preservation industry in India, food pipeline,
losses in post-harvest operations, unit operation in food processing. Principles and guidelines for the
location of processing units. Principles and methods of preservation by heat pasteurization, canning,
bottling. Methods of preparation of juices, squashes, syrups, cordials and fermented beverages viz.,
wine, cider and neera. Jam, jelly and marmalade. Preservation by sugar and chemicals, candies,
crystallized fruits, preserves chemical preservatives, preservation with salt and vinegar, pickling,
chutneys and sauces, tomato and mushrooms, freezing preservation. Processing of plantation crops,
products, spoilage in processed foods, quality control of processed products, Govt. policy on import
and export of processed fruits.Food laws.
Practical - Equipment used in food processing units. Physico-chemical analysis of fruits and
vegetables. Canning of fruits and vegetables, preparation of squash, RTS, cordial, syrup, jam, jelly,
marmalade, candies, preserves, chutneys, sauces, pickles (hot and sweet). Dehydration of fruits and
vegetables–tomato product dehydration, refrigeration and freezing, cut out analysis of processed
foods. Processing of plantation crops. Types of containers for processing of fruits and
vegetables.Visit to processing units.
Lesson/Course Plan
Weightage
Lecture No. Topics
(%)
1 Importance and scope of fruit and vegetable preservation industry in 10
India
2 Food pipe line, losses in post-harvest operations 4
3 Unit operations in food processing, guidelines for the location of 8
processing unit
4 Principles of food preservation, methods of preservation- refrigeration, 4
freezing preservation, pasteurization, sterilization
5 Methods of preservation-sun drying, dehydration (freeze drying, foam 4
mat drying, spray drying, low temperature evaporation or concentration)
6 Methods of preservation-by salt, vinegar, sugar, chemical preservatives 4
7 Preparation of juices, squashes, syrups 10
8 Cordial, fermented beverages (wine, cider and neera) 8
9 Jam , jelly, marmalade 8
10 Preserve, candy, crystallized fruits 4
11 Pickle, chutney, tomato ketchup 8
12 Mushroom processing 4
13 Processing of plantation crops (cashew, coconut, Arecanut, tea, coffee, 8
cocoa, rubber)
14 Spoilage in processed food products, quality control of processed 8
products including HACCP and GMP
15 Govt. policy on import and export of processed products Food laws 4
(FSS Act)
16 Recommendations of Joint Agresco 4
Total 100

Practical programme
Practical No. Topics
1 Equipments used in food processing units
67
 2 Physico-chemical analysis of fruits and vegetables-TSS and Acidity
3 Physico-chemical analysis of fruits and vegetables- Vitamin C/Ascorbic acid and
carotene
4 Physico-chemical analysis of fruits and vegetables- Reducing and Total sugars
5 Canning of fruits- mango, pineapple, guava etc
6 Canning of vegetables- peas, tomato etc.
7 Preparation of RTS
8 Preparation of squash
9 Preparation of syrup
10 Preparation of cordial
11 Preparation of jam
12 Preparation of jelly
13 Preparation of marmalade
14 Preparation of preserves
15 Preparation of candies
16 Preparation of chutneys
17 Preparation of tomato ketchup
18 Preparation of hot pickles
19 Preparation of sweet pickles
20 Dehydration of fruits
21 Dehydration of vegetables
22 Refrigeration and freezing
23 Dehydrofreezing of fruits and vegetables
24 Cut out analysis of processed food- TSS and Acidity
25 Cut out analysis of processed food- Vitamin C/Ascorbic acid and carotene
26 Cut out analysis of processed food- Reducing and Total sugars
27 Processing of plantation crops- Nut crops
28 Processing of plantation crops- Beverage crops
29 Processing of plantation crops- Rubber, Oil Palm
30 Spoilage of processed products
31 Types of containers used for processing of fruits and vegetables
32 Visit to processing units

Suggested reading:
Reference Books:
 Bhatti, S. 1995.Vame, Fruit and vegetable processing. CBS Publishers, Distributors, NewDelhi.
 Chadha, K. L. 2003. Hand book of horticulture, ICAR, New Delhi.
 Chadha, K. L. and Kalloo, G.1993. Advances in Horticulture. Vol. 4 to 10. MPH, New Delhi
 DauthyandMircea,E.1995. Fruitandvegetablesprocessing.InternationalBookDistributionCo,
Lucknow.
 Dauthy, M. E. 1995. Fruits and Vegetables Processing- FAO Bulletin 119. International Book
Distributing Co., Lucknow.
 FAO - Training Manual No.17/2. 2007. Prevention of post-harvest food losses: Fruits,
Vegetables and Root crops. Daya Publishing House, Delhi.
 Fellows, P. J. 1998. Food Processing Technology – principles and Practices. Ellis Horwood.

68
 Girdharilal,Siddappa, G. S.andTandon,G. L.1998. Preservationoffruitsandvegetables.
ICAR,New Delhi.
 KaysandStanely,J.1998. Post-harvestphysiologyof perishableplantproducts.
CBSPublishers,Distributors,NewDelhi
 Manoranjan, K and Sangita, S. 1996. Food Preservation & Processing. Kalyani Publishers,
India.
 Neetu Sharma and Mashkoor Alam, M. 1998. Post-Harvest Disease of Horticultural
Perishable. International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow
 Ranganna, S. 1986. Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruit and vegetable product,
II edition, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing company limited, New Delhi.
 Salunkhe, D.K., Bolin, H. R. and Reddy, N. R. 1991. Storage, Processing and Nutritional
Quality of Fruits and Vegetables. 2nd Edition. Vol. II. CRC Press, 0849356245
 Siddappaa, G. S., Girdhari Lal and Tandon, G.L. 1998. Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables.
ICAR, New Delhi
 Srivastava, R. P. & Sanjeev Kumar. 2002. Fruits and vegetable Preservation – Principles and
Practice. International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.
 Srivastava,R. P.andSanjeevK.1998. Fruitandvegetablepreservation principlespractice.
InternationalBookDistributingCo.,Lucknow.
 Verma, L. R.and Joshi, V. K. 2000. Post-Harvest Technology of Fruits and Vegetables. Vol. I
& II. Indus Publishing Co., New Delhi.
 Vijay, K. 2001. Text Book of Food Sciences and Technology. ICAR, New Delhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/
www.fssai.org
http://www.fao.org/infoods/index_en.stm
http://www.postharvest.com.au

69
Course No. - H/PHT-231 Course title- Fundamentals of Food technology
Credit hours-(1+1) 2 Semester – III

Theory- Food and its function, physico-chemical properties of foods, food preparation techniques,
Nutrition: relation of nutrition of good health. Characteristics of well and malnourished population.
Energy: definition, determination of energy requirements, food energy, total energy needs of the
body. Mineral nutrition: macro and micro-minerals (Ca, Fe and P), function, utilization,
requirements, sources, effects of deficiency. Vitamins: functions, sources, effects of deficiency,
requirements of water soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. Balanced diet: recommended dietary
allowances for various age groups, assessment of nutritional status of the population.

Practical- Methods of measuring food ingredients, effect of cooking on volume and weight,
determination of percentage of edible portion. Browning reactions of fruits and vegetables.
Microscopic examination of starches, estimation of energy, value proteins and fats of foods. Planning
diet for various age groups.

Lesson/ Course plan

Lecture Topic Weightage

No (%)
1-2 Food - Definition, Basic food groups. Nutritive value of food 15
Functions and physico-chemical properties of foods.
3-4 Food preparation techniques – Effect of cooking on various 20
nutrients. Different cooking methods – explain in detail the
methods, their advantages and limitations.
5-6 Nutrition - Definition, relation of nutrition to health. Over and 10
under Nutrition. Characteristics of well and malnourished
population.
7-8 Energy - Definition, determination of gross energy, value of foods, 10
total energy requirements of the body.
10 – 12 Mineral nutrition: macro and micro-minerals (Ca, Fe and P), 15
function, utilization, requirements, sources, effects of deficiency.
13-14 Vitamins-Definition, classification, co-enzyme derivatives of 10
water soluble vitamins, sources, metabolic functions and
deficiency disorders of vitamins. Requirements of water soluble
and fat-soluble vitamins.
15 Balanced diet -Definition, Recommended nutrient and dietary 10
allowances for various age groups of both sexes.
16 Nutritional status - Definition, Methods of assessment of 10
nutritional status of the population, their advantages and
limitations.
Total 100
Practical programme:

Practical Topic
No.
1 Methods of measuring food ingredients
2 Methods of measuring food ingredients
3-4 Determination of percentage of edible portion.
5-6 Effect of cooking on volume and weight
7 Browning reactions of fruits

70
 8 Browning reactions of vegetables
9-10 Microscopic examination of starches.
11-12 Estimation of energy value of foods.
13 Estimation of protein and fat content of foods.
14 Planning diet for various age groups (Age group I- Children)
15 Planning diet for various age groups (Age group II- Youth)
16 Planning diet for various age groups (Age group III- Old peoples)

Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:

 Anita, T. 1996. Food and Nutrition. Oxford 0198327668.

 Devendra, K. B. and Priyanka, T. 2006. An Introduction to Food Science and technology and
Quality Management. Kalyani Publishers 81-272-2521-5.
 Dr. Swaminathan, M. 1985. Essential of Food and Nutrition Vol. II. BAPPCO, Bangalore.
 Dr. Swaminathan, M.1985. Food and Nutrition Vol. I & II. BAPPCO, Bangalore.
 George, I. S. and Dennis, D. L. 1994. Chemistry for the Health Science. MacMillan.
 Gopalan, G., Ramasastri, B.V. and Balasubramnian, S. C. 1989. Nutritive valve of the Indian
Foods. National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad.
 Manay, S.N, Shadaksharaswamy, M.1998. Food-facts & Principles .New Age International
 Manoranjan, K. and Sangita, S. 1996. Food Preservation and Processing. Kalyani Publishers
978-81-272-4262-6.
 Monoranjam, K. and Sangita, S. 2008. Food Preservation and Processing. Kalyani Publishers
 Passmore, R. and Eastwood, M. A. 1986. Human Nutrition & Dietetics. ELBSPublishers, New
Delhi
 Shankunthala, M. 1972. Foods-Facts, Principles & Procedure. The Eastern Press, Bengaluru.
 Srilakshmi, B. 1995. Food Science. New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
 Srilakshmi. 2005. Dietetics. New age International 978-81-224-1611-4.
 Srilakshmi. 2010. Food Science. New age International 978-81-224-2724-0.
 Swaminathan, M. 1988. Hand book of Food Science & Experimental Foods. Bappco
publishers, Bangalore.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/
http://www.fao.org/infoods/

71
 DEPARTMENT OF
FLORICULTURE AND
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

72
 DEPARTMENT OF FLORICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Course No.- H/FL-242 Course title:- Ornamental Horticulture

Credit hours: (2+1) 3 Semester- IV

Theroy- History, definitions, scope of ornamental horticulture, aesthetic values, Floriculture industry,
Importance, area and production, industrial importance of ornamental plants and flowers. Importance,
classification, design values and general cultivation aspects for ornamental plants viz. Annuals,
biennales herbaceous perennials, grasses and bulbous ornamentals. shrubs, climbers, trees, indoor
plants, palms and cycads, ferns and sellagenellas, cacti and succulents, Importance, design and
establishment of garden features/components viz. hedge, edge, borders, flower beds, bridges, paths,
drives, fences, garden walls, gates, carpet bed, arbour, Patio, decking, retaining walls, shade garden,
sunken garden, roof garden, terrace garden, pebble garden, rockery, pools, waterfalls, fountains, bog
garden, avenue planting and children garden. Lawn types, establishment and maintenance. Importance
of Garden adornments viz. floral clock, bird bath, statutes, sculptures, lanterns, water basins, garden
benches etc. Importance of flower arrangement, Ikebana, techniques, types, suitable flowers and cut
foliage, uses of vertical garden, bottle garden, terrariums, art of making bonsai, culture of bonsai and
maintenance.

Practical- Identification and description of annuals, biennials, herbaceous perennials, climbers,

shrubs, trees, indoor plants, ferns and sellagenellas, Palms and cycads and Cacti and succulents.
Planning and designing and establishment of garden features viz. lawn, hedge and edge, rockery,
water garden, carpet bedding, shade garden, roof garden, Study and creation of terrariums, vertical
garden, study and practice of different types of flower arrangements, preparation of floral bouquets,
preparation of floral rangoli, veni etc., Study of Bonsai techniques, Bonsai practicing and training.
Visit to nurseries and floriculture units.
Lesson/Course Plan

Lecture Weightage
Topics
No. (%)
1 History, Definition, scope of gardeningAesthetic values 4
2-3 Types of gardens in India. 8
4 Floriculture industry: importance, area and production, industrial 4
importance in India
5-6 Landscaping, basic principles and basic components. 4
7-8 Principles of gardening, Garden components& adornments 8
9 Lawn making 8
10 methods of designing rockery and water garden 4
11-13 Special types of gardens, trees, their design, their walk-paths, bridges, 8
constructed features
14 Garden structures –Greenhouse, Glass house, Net house 4
15 Values in landscaping 4
16-18 Propagation-planting shrubs and herbaceous perennials 8
19-20 Importance, design values, propagation, planting, climbers, creepers 4
21-22 Importance, design values, propagation, planting, palms and ferns. 4
23-24 Importance, design values, propagation, planting, grasses, cacti succulents. 4
25-26 cultural operations in ornamental plants 4
27-28 Bio-aesthetic planning, definition, need, Round country planning, Urban 4
planning& Planting avenues, schools, villages.

73
 29 Beautifying railway stations, dam sites, hydroelectric stations, colonies, 4
river banks, Planting material for play grounds.
30 Vertical gardens, Roof gardens 4
31 Culture of bonsai, art of making bonsai. 4
32 Recommandations of Joint Agresco 4
Total 100
Practical programme
Practical No. Topics
1 Identification and description of annuals, herbaceous, perennials.
2 Identification and description of climbers, creepers, foliage flowering shrubs
3 Identification and description of trees, palms, ferns.
4 Identification and description of ornamental grasses; cacti succulents.
5 Planning and designing gardens-Formal
6 Planning and designing gardens- Informal
7 Functional uses of plants in the landscape
8 Planning design of house garden, roadside planting, avenues for new colonies, traffic
islands
9 Preparation of land for lawn and planting.
10 Maintenance of Lawn
11 Description and design of garden structures
12 Layout of rockery,terrace garden, Japanese gardens and water garden
13 Layout of recreational and children’s corner, terrarium,
14 Layout of traffic islands, bottle garden, dish garden.
15 Flower arrangement practices
16 Bonsai practicing and training
Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:
 Arora, J.S. 2006. Introductory Ornamental Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
 Bimaldas Chowdhury and Balai Lal Jana.2014.Flowering Garden trees. Pointer publishers,
Jaipur. India.
 Bose, Chowdhury and Sharma.1991.Tropical Garden Plants in colour .Horticulture and allied
publishers, 3D Madhab Chatterjee street Kolkata.
 Bose, T.K. Mukherjee, D. 2004. Gardening in India. Oxford & IBH Publishers.
 Chadha, K.L. and Chaudhary, B. 1986. Ornamental Horticulture in India. Publication
andInformationdivision. ICAR, New Delhi.
 K.V.Peter.2009.Ornamental plants. New India publishing agency, Pitampura, New Delhi.
 Randhawa, G.S. Amitabha Mukhopadhyay, 2004. Floriculture in India. Allied Publishers Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
 Richard Bird. 2002. Flowering trees and shrubs. Printed in Singapore by Star Standard
Industries pvt. Ltd.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

74
Course No.- H/FL-364 Title:- Breeding and seed production of ornamental crops
Credit hours: 3(2+1) Semester- VI
Theory-History of improvements of ornamental plants, scope and importance of breeding of
ornamental crops.Centre of origin of flower crops and ornamental crops, objectives and techniques in
ornamental plant breeding. Introduction, selection, hybridization, mutation and biotechnological
technique for improvement of ornamental and flower crops viz., rose, jasmine, chrysanthemum,
tuberose, gerbera, gladiolus, dahlia heliconia, lilium, gaillardia, petunia, hibiscus, bouganvillea,
zinnia, cosmos, dianthus, snapdragon, pansy, crossandra, marigold, geranium, antirrhinium, china
aster, orchids, anthurium, carnation, etc. Breeding for disease resistance.Development of promising
cultivars of important ornamentals and flower crops.Role of heterosis and its exploitation, production
of F1 hybrids and utilization of male sterility, production of open pollinated seed.Harvesting,
processing and storage of seeds, seed certification.

Practical: Study of floral biology and pollination in important species and cultivars. Techniques of
inducing polyploidy and mutation. Production of pure and hybrid seeds. Harvesting, conditioning and
testing of seeds. Practice in seed production methods.

Lesson/Course Plan- Theory

Weightage
Lecture No. Topics
(%)
1-2 History of improvements of ornamental plants 8
Scope and importance of breeding of ornamental crops.
3-4 Objectives and techniques in ornamental plant breeding 8
Introduction, selection, hybridization, mutation and biotechnological
technique for improvement of ornamental and flower crops viz.
5-7 Rose 8
8-10 Jasmine, Hibiscus, Bouganvillea 8
11-16 Chrysanthemum, Gerbera, China Aster, Gaillardia, Dehlia, Zinnia, 10
Carnation, Marigold, Cosmos
17-19 Tuberose, Gladiolus, Lilium, 8
20-21 Orchid, Anthurium, Heliconia, Antirrhinium, 8
22-23 Petunia, Dianthus, Snapdragon, Pansy, Crossandra, Geranium 4
24 Breeding for disease resistance. 4
25-26 Development of promising cultivars of important ornamentals and 4
flower crops.
27 Role of heterosis and its exploitation 8
28 Production of F1 hybrids and utilization of male sterility 8
29 Production of open pollinated seed. 8
30 Harvesting processing and storage of seeds
31 Seed certification. 3
32 Recommendations of Joint Agresco 3
Total 100

Practical programme
Practical No. Topics
1 Acquaintance with breeding tools for floricultural crops
2 Methods of emasculation and pollination, selfing
75
 3 Study of floral biology and pollination of rose, jasmine, chrysanthemum, tuberose
4 Study of floral biology and pollination of gerbera, gladiolus, dahlia heliconia, lilium,
gaillardia
5 Study of floral biology and pollination of petunia, hibiscus, bouganvillea, zinnia,
cosmos
6 Study of floral biology and pollination of dianthus, snapdragon, pansy, crossandra,
marigold, geranium
7 Study of floral biology and pollination of china aster, orchids, anthurium, carnation
8 Techniques of inducing polyploidy and mutation.
9 Production of pure and hybrid seeds rose, jasmine, chrysanthemum, tuberose
10 Production of pure and hybrid seeds gerbera, gladiolus, dahlia heliconia, lilium,
gaillardia
11 Production of pure and hybrid seeds petunia, hibiscus, bouganvillea, zinnia, cosmos
12 Production of pure and hybrid seeds china aster, orchids, anthurium, carnation
13 Harvesting, conditioning and testing of seeds
14 Harvesting, conditioning and testing of seeds
15 Practice in seed production methods.
16 Practice in seed production methods.

Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:

 Agarwal, P. K 1994. Principles of Seed Technology. ICAR Publication, NewDelhi.

 Agarwal, R. L. 1996. Seed Technology. Oxford&IBHPublishers, New Delhi.

 Bhattacharjee, S.K. and L.C. De. 2003. Advanced Commercial Floriculture. Aavishkar
Publishers, Distributors, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India.

 Bose, T. K., L.P. Yadav, P. Patil, P. Das and V.A. Partha Sarthy. 2003. Commercial flowers.
Partha Sankar Basu, Nayaudyog, 206, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata-700006.

 Callaway D.J. and M.B. Callaway. 2000. Breeding Ornamental Plants. Timber Press.

 Harding, J., F.Singh and J.N. Mol. 1991. Genetics and Breeding of Ornamental Species.
Springer Publishers.

 Pal, B. P. 1966.The Rose in India.Directorate of Knowledge management in Agriculture,

Indian council of Agriculture Research-New Delhi.

 Singh, B. D. 1983. Breeding Principles and Methods. KalyaniPublishers,New Delhi.

 Vainstein, A. 2002. Breeding for Ornamental: Classical and Molecular Approaches. Springer
Publishers.

e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

76
Course No.- H/ FL –353 Course title:- Principles of Landscape Architecture
Credit hours: (0+1)1 Semester- V

Practical- Study of garden equipments. Study of Graphic language, Use of drawing equipments,
graphic symbols and notations in landscaping designing, Study and designing of different styles of
gardens, Study and designing of gardens based on different themes, Designing gardens using Auto-
cad/ archi-cad, Designing gardens for home, traffic islands, schools and colleges, public buildings,
factories, railway stations, air ports, temples, churches, play grounds, corporate buildings/ malls.
Designing and planting of avenues for state and National highways, Design and establishment of
Japanese, English and Mughal gardens. Visit to public, institutional and botanical gardens.
Practicals programme

Practical No. Topics

1 Identifications of Plant materials for landscaping
2 Planning, designing and layout of formal gardens
3 Planning, designing and layout of formal gardens
4 Planning, designing and layout of informal gardens
5 Planning, designing and layout of informal gardens
6 Planning, designing and layout special gardens.
7 Planning, designing and layout special gardens.
8 Planning, designing and layout special gardens.
9 Symbols, tools, implements use in landscape designing.
10 Symbols, tools, implements use in landscape designing.
11 Maintenance and repairs of potted plants
12 Planting of Lawn by different methods
13 Maintenance of Lawn
14 Landscape design for specific areas-Schools, Churches, Highway
15 Landscape design for specific areas- Public places, Temples, railway
station
16 Visit to Landscape gardens.

Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:
 A.K. Tiwari and R. Kumar. 2012. Fundamentals of ornamental horticulture and landscape
gardening. New India.
 Arora, J.S. 2006. Kalyani publishers, Ludhiana. Introductory Ornamental Horticulture.
Kalyani publishers, Ludhiana.
 Bose, T.K. Malti, R.G. Dhua, R.S. & Das, P. 2004. Nayaprakash, Calcutta. Floriculture and
Landscaping
 H.S.Grewal and Parminder Singh. 2014. Landscape designing and ornamental plants
 L.C. De. Nursery and landscaping.2013. Pointer publishers, Jaipur India.
 R.K. Roy. Fundamentals of Garden designing.2013.New India publishing agency, Pitampura,
New Delhi.
 Rajesh Srivastava. 2014. Fundamentals of Garden designing. Agrotech press, Jaipur, New
Delhi.
 Randhawa, G.S. and Amitabha Mukhopadhyay 2004. Floriculture in India. Allied Publishers
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

77
Course No. - H/FL-231 Course title-Commercial Floriculture
Credits hours: (2+1) 3 Semester – III

Theory-Scope and importance of commercial floriculture in India,Production techniques of

ornamental plants for domestic and export market for following flower crops,Rose,Marigold,
Chrysanthemun,Anthurium, Gladiolus,Jasmine,Dahlia,Tuberose,Bird of Paradise,China Aster,
gaillardia , Gerbera,Orchid,Crossandra, Growing of flowers under protected environments such as
glass house, plastic house, net house, etc.,Post harvest technology of cut and loose flowers in respect
of commercial flower crops,Dehydration techniques for drying of flowers, scope importance and
status,Production techniques for bulbous crops

Practical-Identification of commercially important floricultural crops, Propagation technique in

gladiolus, carnation, chrysanthemum and tuberose, Sowing of seeds and raising of seedlings of
annuals, Propagation of ornamental plants with particular reference to cottage, layerage and budding,
Training and pruning of roses, Drying and preservation of flowers, Use of chemicals and other
compounds for prolonging the vase life of cut flowers, Flower arrangement practices.

Lesson/Course plan - Theory

Weigthages
Lecture No. Particulars
(%)
1-2 Scope and importance of commercial floriculture in India 8
Production techniques of ornamental plants for domestic and
export market for following flower crops
3-4 Rose 8
5 Chrysanthemun 8
6-7 Anthurium and Orchid 8
8-9 Carnation and Gerbera 8
10-11 Gladiolus and Tuberose 8
12-13 Jasmine 8
14 Dahlia 8
15-18 Marigold, Crossandra, Gaillardia and China Aster 4
19-21 Michelia, Heliconia and Bird of Paradise 4
22 Domestic and export marketing of flowers. 4
23-25 Growing of flowering plants under protected environments such 4
as glass house, plastic house, net house, etc.
26-27 Post-harvest technology of cut and loose flowers in respect of 8
commercial flower crops.
28-29 Dehydration techniques for drying of flowers, scope importance 4
and status
30-31 Production techniques for lilium,canna, spider lily, etc. 4
32 Recommendations of Joint Agresco 4
Total 100

Practical Schedule

Practical Particulars
No.
1 Identification of commercially important floricultural crops.
2 Propagation technique in gladiolus, carnation.
78
 3 Propagation technique in chrysanthemum and tuberose.
4 Sowing of seeds and raising of seedlings of annuals.
5 Sowing of seeds and raising of seedlings of annuals.
6 Propagation of ornamental plants with particular reference to cutting
7 Propagation of ornamental plants with particular reference to layering
8 Propagation of ornamental plants with particular reference to budding
9 Training and pruning of roses.
10 Drying and preservation of flowers.
11 Intercultural operations
12 Intercultural operations
13 Use of chemicals and other compounds for prolonging the vase life of cut
flowers.
14 Flower arrangement practices.
15 Preparation of garland, veni and gajara.
16 Visit to commercial floriculture unit

Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:

 A.K.Singh.2006.Flower crops, cultivation and management. New India publishing agency,

Pitampura, New Delhi.
 Arora, J.S. 2006. Introductory Ornamental Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana - 141
008.
 Bhattacharjee, S.K. Advanced Commercial Floriculture. Aavishkar Publishers Distributors,
Jaipur - 320 003
 Dewasish Choudhary and Amal Mehta. 2010. Flower crops cultivation and management.
Oxford book company Jaipur, India.
 Randhawa, G.S. Amitabha Mukhopadhyay, 2004. Floriculture in India. Allied Publishers Pvt.
Ltd:
 S.K. Bhattacharjee and L.C. De. 2003. Advanced Commercial Floriculture. Aavishkar
Publishers, Distributors, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India.
 T.K. Bose, L.P. Yadav, P. Patil, P. Das and V.A. Partha Sarthy.2003.Commercial flowers.
Partha Sankar Basu, Nayaudyog,206, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata-700006
 V.L. Sheela, 2008. Flower for trade . New India Publishing Agency, Pitampura, New Delhi-
11008

e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

79
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT
PROTECTION

80
 DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PROTECTION

Course No. H/PATH-231 Course title: Fundamentals of Plant Pathology

Credits: (1+1) 2 Semester: III

Theory: Introduction to the science of phytopathology, its objectives, scope and historical
background. Classification of plant diseases, symptoms, signs, and related terminology. Parasitic
causes of plant diseases (fungi, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasma, protozoa, algae and flowering
parasitic plants), their characteristics and classification. Non-parasitic causes of plant
diseases.Infection process.Survival and dispersal of plant pathogens.Plant disease epidemiology,
forecasting and disease assessment.Principles and methods of plant disease management.Integrated
plant disease management.Fungicides classification based on chemical nature, Commonly used
fungicides, bactericides and nematicides.

Practical: Familiarity with general plant pathological laboratory and field equipments. Study of
disease symptoms and signs and host parasite relationship. Identification and isolation of plant
pathogens.Koch'spostulates.Preparation of fungicidal solutions, slurries, pastes and their applications.
Lesson plan

Lecture Topic Weightages/Marks

no.
1 Importance of plant diseases, scope and objectives of Plant Pathology 5
in relation to the diseases Late blight of Potato, Coffee Rust, Downy
mildew of Grapes, Dutch elm disease. Terms and concepts in Plant
Pathology, Pathogenesis
2 History of Plant Pathology with special reference to Indian work 5
History of Plant Pathology: History and development of Plant
Pathology in ancient, dark, premodern, modern present eras.
Contribution made by– Surpal, Theophrastus, Pliny, Iwanowski,
Robert Hook, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Needham, Linnaeus, Tillet,
Prevost Robert Loch, Marshal Ward, Millardet, Jenson, Meyar,
Burril, E.F. Smith, Erikson, Biffen, Iwanwasky, Stakman, Cragie,
Luthra, Stanley, Bowden and Pierie, Doi and Asuyama, Butler,
Mehta, Mundkur, Dastur, Kulkarni, Bhide, Uppal, Tirumalachar,
Patel and Rangaswamy.
3 Classification of plant diseases 10
(Classification of the plant basis of mode of survival. dispersal, plant
parts affected, occurrence , cause etc.
Causes of Plant Disease Biotic (fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular
bacteria, Phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae,
protozoaand nematodes) and abiotic causes with examples of
diseases caused by them.
Study of phanerogamic plant parasites.(Phanerogamic plant parasites
Cuscutaceae (stem parasite) Genus: Cuscuta, the dodders 2.
Viscaceae (stem parasites) Genus: Arceuthobium, the dwarf
mistletoes of conifers Phoradendron, the American true mistletoes of
broad leaved trees Viscum, the European tree mistletoes
Dendrophthoe, the giant mistletoes 3. Orobanchaceae (root parasite)
Genus: Orobanche, the broomrapes 4. Scrophulariaceae (root
parasite) Genus: Striga, the witchweeds)
4 Symptoms of plant diseases 10
Sign and symptoms, Classification of symptoms (Hyperplasia,
Hypoplasia, Necrosis, with categorization of different symptoms with

81
 suitable example), Diseases and symptoms due to abiotic causes.
Deficiencies or excess of nutrients (e.g. ‘Khaira’ disease of rice due
to Zn deficiency),Light, Moisture, Temperature, Air pollutants (e.g.
black tip of mango), Lack of oxygen (e.g. hollow and black heart of
potato), Toxicity of pesticides, Improper cultural practices,
Abnormality in soil conditions (acidity, alkalinity, PH)
5-6 Fungi general characters, definition of fungus, somatic structures, 10
types of fungal thalli, fungal tissues, modifications of thallus,
Fungi, General morphology, characters and somatic structures of
fungi: Thallus, Branching habit of mycelium: Dichotomous,
sympodial, lateral, opposite, verticilliate, monopodial etc.somatic
structures: Rhizoides (rootlike), appressorium (pl. appressoria),
haustorium (pl. haustoria), hyphopodium (pl. hyphopodia).Hyphal
aggregations and tissues: Plectenchyma (i.e.woven tissue).
Prosenchyma (i.e. approaching a tissue) and pseudoparenchyma (a
type of plant tissue). Stroma (mattress), sclerotium (hard structure)
and rhizomorph (root shaped).
Reproduction (asexual and sexual): Reproduction in fungi (asexual
and sexual).
Reproduction in fungi: Fungi reproduce by three processes viz., (A)
Vegetative, (B) Asexualand (C) Sexual reproduction.
Vegetative reproduction (Fragmentation, Rhizomorph, Fission,
Chlamydospores, Budding ,Sclerotium etc.
Asexual reproduction a. Exogenous. b. Endogenous:
Sexual reproduction a. Monoecious or hermaphroditic, b. Dioecious:
Four distinct phases of sexual reproduction are: somatogamy,
plasmogamy, karyogamy and meiosis. These phases occur by any
one of the following five general methods of sexual reproduction,(
Gametic copulation – (a) Isogamy and (b) Anisogamy, Gametangial
contact, Gametangial copulation , Spermatization, Somatogamy
(Anastomosis)
7 Classification of fungi.Key to divisions, sub-divisions, orders and 5
classes.(Classification of fungi. Key to divisions, sub-divisions,
orders and classes)
The classification of Ainsworth (1966 and 1972) be thought along
with the distinguishing characters for the classification of Division,
Sub-division, class, orders ,family and each important genera of
family
8-9 Bacteria: general morphological characters,Classification and 10
reproduction: General morphological characters Shape Size,
Reproduction (Sexual and Asexual).
Basic methods of classification Major divisions of bacteria on the
basis of cell wall structure Kingdom : Prokaryotae Division I :
Gracilicutes Division II : Firmicutes, Division III : Tenericutes
,Division IV : Mendosicutes and Classification on the basis of
Bergey’s Manual of Systematical Bacteriology (1984). Sexual and
Asexual reproduction in bacteria (Binary fission, Transformation,
Transduction and Conjugation)
Viruses: nature, architecture, multiplication and transmission
Viruses: nature, architecture, multiplication and transmission
Architecture of viruses and viriods
Morphologically, virus particles are (i) isometric (spherical,
polyhedral) and (ii) anisometric

82
 Classification of viruses
Mollicutes: general morphological characters. A. Mycoplasma and
Spiroplasma
Kingdom : Prokaryotae, Division : Tenericutes, Class :
Mollicutes,Order : Mycoplasmatales
Family : 1. Mycoplasmataceae Genus: Mycoplasma 2.
Spiroplasmataceae Genus: Spiroplasma
3. Acholeplasmataceae Genus: Acholeplasma
B. Fastidious vascular bacteria : There is no well accepted
classification (taxonomy) made so far
for these organisms. Hence classification for Rickettsia (RLO) and
Fastidious bacteria (e.g.Xellella) are mentioned below:
B1: Rickettsia (RLO) Kingdom : Prokaryotae, Division : Gracilicutes
(Gram-ve bacteria), Class : Proteobacteria ,Sub-class : Alpha
Proteobacteria ,Order : Rickettsiales ,Family : Rickettsiaceae
Tribe : Rickettsiae
B2. Fastidious vascular bacteria ,Kingdom : Prokaryotiae ,Division :
Gracilicutes (Gram-ve bacteria) ,Class : Proteobacteria ,Sub-class :
Gamma Proteobacteria,Order : Not classified,Family : Not classified
,Tribe : Not classified ,
10 Survival and dispersal of plant pathogen 10

11 Mechanism of infection- Penetration and avenues of penetration 8

12 Epidemiology and factors influencing epidemic development and 10
forecasting of plant diseases
13-14 Principles and methods of plant disease management 10
A. Principles of plant disease management: There is six basic concept
or principles or objectives lying under plant disease
management.(Avoidance of the pathogen, Exclusion of the pathogen,
Eradication of the pathogen, Protection of the host , Disease
resistance, Therapy)
B. Methods of plant disease management
1. Avoidance of the pathogen ( Choice of geographical area,
Selection of a field, Adjustment of time of sowing, Use of disease
escaping varieties, Use of pathogen-free seed and planting material
Modification of cultural practices)
2. Exclusion of inoculum of the pathogen (Treatment of seed and
plating materials, Inspection and certification, Quarantine
regulations, Eradication of insect vector )
3. Eradication of the pathogen (Biological control of plant pathogens,
Eradication of alternate and collateral hosts, Cultural methods, Crop
rotation, Sanitation of field by destroying/burning crop debris,
Removal and destruction of diseased plants or plant parts, Rouging,
Heat and chemical treatment of diseased plants, Soil treatment: by
use of chemicals, heat energy, flooding and fallowing)
4. Protection of the host (Chemical control: application of chemicals
(fungicides, antibiotics) by seed treatment, dusting and
spraying,Chemical control of insect vectors,Modifications of
environment, Modification of host nutrition
5. Disease resistance (Use of resistant varieties: Development of
resistance in host is done by
Selection and hybridization for disease
resistance,Chemotherapy,Host nutrition,Genetic engineering, tissue

83
 culture )
6. Therapy Therapy of diseased plants can be done by
Chemotherapy,Heat therapy, Tree-surgery
15-16 Nature, chemical combination, classification fungicides group (sulphur 7
compounds Inorganic and organic (dithio - carbomates) ), mercurial
compound, heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds, organophosphorus
compounds, oxathins , benzimidazoies , morpholines ,
organophosphorus , phenol derivatives chloroneb , triezoles
triedimefon and antibiotics
Mode of action of fungicides of group (sulphur compounds
Inorganic and organic (dithio - carbomates) ), mercurial compound,
heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds, organophosphorus compounds,
oxathins , benzimidazoies , morpholines , organophosphorus , phenol
derivatives chloroneb , triezoles triedimefon and formulations of
fungicides (Characteristic of an ideal fungicide, formulations of
fungicides (Wettable powder , Dust ,Granules Emulsified
concentrates, Solutions, Slurries or suspensions) and antibiotics
Total 100

Practical Schedule
Ex. No. Practical
1. Acquaintance with various laboratory equipments and microscopy
2. General study of different structures of fungi.
3. Study of symptoms of various plant diseases.
4. Study of representative fungal genera
5. Staining and identification of plant pathogenic bacteria
6 Study of phanerogamic plant parasites
7 Transmission of plant viruses
8 Study of morphological features and identification of plant parasitic nematodes.
9 Preparation of media
10 Isolation and purification of fungi and bacteria
11 Extraction of nematodes from soil
12 Koch’s postulates
13 Study of fungicides and their formulations
14 Methods of pesticide application and their safe use
15 Calculation of fungicide sprays concentrations.
16 Collection and preservation of disease specimen
Text books:
1. Walia RK & Bajaj HK. 2003. Text Book on Introductory Plant Nematology. ICAR, New Delhi
Reference books:
1. Pathak, V. N. Essentials of Plant Pathology. Prakash Pub., Jaipur
2. Agrios, GN. 2010. Plant Pathology. Acad. Press.
3. Kamat, M. N. Introductory Plant Pathology. Prakash Pub, Jaipur
4. Singh RS. 2008. Plant Diseases.8th Ed. Oxford & IBH.Pub.Co.
5. Singh RS. 2013. Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology.Oxford and IBH Pub.Co.
6. Alexopoulos, Mims and Blackwel. Introductory Mycology
7. Mehrotra RS & Aggarwal A. 2007.Plant Pathology.7th Ed. Tata Mc Graw Hill Publ. Co. Ltd.
8. Gibbs A & Harrison B. 1976. Plant Virology - The Principles. Edward Arnold, London.
9. Hull R. 2002. Mathew.s Plant Virology. 4th Ed. Academic Press, New York.
10. Verma JP. 1998. The Bacteria. Malhotra Publ. House, New Delhi.
11. Goto M. 1990. Fundamentals of Plant Bacteriology. Academic Press, New York.
12. Dhingra OD & Sinclair JB. 1986. Basic Plant Pathology Methods. CRC Press, London,Tokyo.

84
13. Nene YL & Thapliyal PN. 1993. Fungicides in Plant Disease Control. 3rd Ed. Oxford & IBH,
New Delhi.
14. Vyas SC. 1993. Handbook of Systemic Fungicides. Vols. I-III. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
15. Rajeev K & Mukherjee RC. 1996. Role of Plant Quarantine in IPM. Aditya Books.
16. Rhower GG. 1991. Regulatory Plant Pest Management. In: Handbook of Pest Management in
Agriculture. 2nd Ed. Vol. II. (Ed. David Pimental). CRC Press.
17. Singh RS & Sitaramaiah K. 1994. Plant Pathogens – Nematodes. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
18. Thorne G. 1961. Principles of Nematology. McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

85
Course No. H/PATH-352 Course title: Diseases of fruit, plantation, medicinal and
Aromatic crops
Credits: (2+1) 3 Semester: V
Theory:Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated management of the
diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops viz mango, banana, grape, citrus, guava,
sapota, papaya, jack fruit, pineapple, pomegranate, ber, apple, pear, peach, plum, almond, walnut,
strawberry, areca nut, coconut, oil palm, coffee, tea, cocoa, cashew, rubber, betel vine senna, neem,
hemp, belladonna, pyrethrum, camphor, costus, crotalaria, datura, dioscorea, mint, opium, Solanum
khasianum and Tephrosia. Important post-harvest diseases of fruit, plantation, medicinal and
aromatic crops and their management.

Practical: Observations of disease symptoms, identification of casual organisms and host parasite
relationship of important diseases. Examination of scrapings and cultures of important pathogens of
fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops.

Teaching (Lecture) Schedule and weightages

Lecture
Topic Weightages
No.
Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated management of the
diseases of
Fruit Crops viz.,
1, 2 Mango 10
3, 4 Banana 10
5, 6 Grape 10
7, 8 Citrus 10
9, 10 Guava, sapota, fig 5
11 Papaya 5
12, 13 Pomegranate 5
14 Ber, custard apple, aonla, jamun 5
15 Jackfruit , pineapple, 5
16, 17 Strawberry, almond, cashew, walnut, 5
18, 19 Apple, pear, peach, plum 5
Plantation Crops viz.,
20, 21 Betelvine, arecanut, coconut, oil palm 5
22, 23 Coffee, tea, cocoa, rubber 5
Medicinal and Aromatic Crops viz.,
24, 25 Senna, neem, hemp, belladonna, pyrethrum 5

26, 27,28 Camphor, costus, crotalaria, datura, discorea, mint, opium, Solanium 5
khasianum and tephrosia
29,30,31,32 Important post -harvest diseases of fruit, plantation, medicinal and 5
aromatic plants and their management.
Total 100
Lesson Plan

Lesson No. Topic

Etiology, Symptoms, Mode of Spread, Epidemiology and Integrated Management
of the Diseases of :
Fruit Crops viz:
1, 2 Mango: Malformation, Anthracnose, Powdary mildew, Bacterial blight Stone
graft mortality, Red Rust Giant Mistletoe (Loranthus)
3, 4 Banana: Wilt, Sigatoka, Anthracnose, Erwinia rot, Bunchy top,Heart Rot
86
 Infectious chlorosis, Cigar end rot
5, 6 Grape: Downey mildew, Powdary mildew, Anthracnose, Bacterial Blight, Grape
Fan Leaf Virus
7, 8 Citrus: Gummosis, Leaf fall and Fruit Rot , Anthracnose, Diplodia , Ganoderma
root rot , Powdary mildew , Canker, Mottling Greening, Tristeza, Psorosis, Citrus
Exocortis Quick and Slow Decline, Khaira Disease (Zinc Deficiency)
9 Papaya: Pythium soft rot, Powdary midew, Anthracnose, Fruit rot,Viruses: Ring
spot ,leaf curl and mosaic
10 a) Guava: Wilt, Canker, Pestolatia leaf spot, Anthracnose
10 b) Sapota: Root rot, Leaf spots, Fruit rots
10 c) Fig: Fig rust
11 Pomegtanate: Alternaria, Helminthosporium and ColletotrichumCercospora leaf
and fruit spots, Wilt, Bacterial Blight
12 a) Ber: Powdery mildew
12 b) Custard Apple: Pythium Seedling Mortality and Fruit Rots
12 c) Aonla: Emblica Rust (Ravenalia sp.)
12 d) Jamun: Fruit rot and foliage diseases
13 a)Jackfruit: Die Back , Fruit Rot
13 b) Pineapple: Heart rot, Base rot and Wilt
14 a) Strawberry: Leaf spots
14 b) Almond: Leaf spots
14 c) Cashew: Leaf spots
14 d) Walnut: Leaf spots
15 a)Apple: Fire blight , Root and Collar rot, Cankers, Powdery mildew, Scab, Fruit
Rots, Crown Gall, Mosaic
15 b)Pear: Rust , Leaf spots and Blight, Scab, Mosaic
15 c) Peach: Rust, Blight, Scab and Leaf Curl
15 d) Plum: Bacterial Canker, Wilt, Mosaic and Leaf Curl
15 e) Stone Fruit: Crown gall
Plantation Crops viz:
16 a)Betelvine: Phytophthora wilt, Sclerotium foot rot, Powdary mildew
16 b) Arecanut: Koleroga,
17 c) Coconut: Wilt, Stem bleeding, Stem rot, Bud rot, Cadang –cadang disease,
Lethal yellow
17 d) Oil Palm: Major foliage diseases
18 e) Cofee: Rust
18 f) Tea: Rust
18 e) Cocoa: Major diseases
19 f) Rubber: Major diseases
Medicinal and Aromatic crops viz.
20, 21 a)Senna, Neem, Hemp, Belladona, Pyrethrum: Major Diseases
22, 23 b) Camphor, Costus, Crotolaria: Major Diseases
24, 25,26 c) Datura, Discorea, Mint, Opium: Major Diseases
27,28,29 d) Solanum khasianum and Tephrosia: Major Diseases
30,31,32 Important Post Harvest Diseases of above Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants and Their Management.

Practical
Practical
Crop Syllabus
No.

87
 Observations of disease Symptoms, identification of Causal Organism and Host- parasite
relationship and Integrated Disease Management of following important diseases of:
Fruit Crops viz.,
1 Mango Malformation, anthracnose, powdary mildew, bacterial blight stone graft
mortality, red rust giant mistletoe (loranthus)
2, 3 Banana Wilt, sigatoka, anthracnose, erwinia rot, bunchy top, heart rot infectious
chlorosis, cigar end rot
4, 5 Grape Downey mildew, powdery mildew, anthracnose, bacterial blight, grape fan
leaf virus
6, 7 Citrus Gummosis, leaf fall and fruit rot , anthracnose, Diplodia , Ganoderma root rot ,
powdary mildew, canker, mottling greening, tristeza, psorosis, citrus exocortis
quick and slow decline, Khaira Disease (Zinc Deficiency)
8 Papaya Pythium soft rot, powdery midew, anthracnose, fruit rot, viruses: ring spot ,leaf
curl and mosaic
9 Guava Wilt, canker, Pestolatia leaf spot, anthracnose
9 Sapota Root rot, leaf spots, fruit rots
9 Fig Fig rust
10 Pomegtanate Alternaria, Helminthosporium and ColletotrichumCercospora leaf and fruit spots,
wilt, bacterial blight
11 Ber Powdery mildew
11 Custard Pythium seedling mortality and fruit rots
Apple
11 Aonla Emblica rust (Ravenalia sp.)
11 Jamun Fruit rot and foliage diseases
12 Jackfruit Die back , fruit rot
12 Pineapple Heart rot, base rot and wilt
12 Strawberry Leaf spots
12 Almond Leaf spots
12 Cashew: Leaf spots
12 Walnut Leaf spots
13 Apple Fire blight , root and collar rot, cankers, powdery mildew, scab, fruit rots, crown
gall, mosaic
13 Pear Rust , leaf spots and blight, scab, mosaic
13 Peach Rust, blight, scab and leaf curl
13 Plum Bacterial canker, wilt, mosaic and leaf curl
13 Stone Fruit Crown gall
Plantation Crops viz.,
14 Betelvine Phytophthora wilt, Sclerotium foot rot, Powdary mildew
14 Arecanut Koleroga
14 Coconut Wilt, stem bleeding, stem rot, bud rot, cadang –cadang disease, lethal yellow
14 Oil Palm Major foliage diseases
14 Coffee Rust
14 Tea Rust
14 Cocoa Major diseases
14 Rubber Major diseases
Medicinal and Aromatic crops viz.,
15 a) Senna, neem, hemp, belladona, pyrethrum: major diseases
15 b) Camphor, costus, crotolaria: major diseases
15 c) Datura, discorea, mint, opium: major diseases
15 d) Solanum khasianum and tephrosia: major diseases
16 Important post harvest diseases of above fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants and their
management
Total: 16
Reference books:
1. Agrios, GN. 2010. Plant Pathology. Acad. Press
88
2. Diseases of Horticultural Crops fruits (1999) By Verma L.R and Sharma R.c,Indus Publishing
company, New Delhi
3. Diseases of fruit crops (1986) By V.N.Pathak ,Oxford & IBH publication, New Delhi
4. Diseases of fruit crops (1986) By R.S.Singh ,Oxford & IBH publication, New Delhi
5. Diseases of Fruits and vegetables (2007) S.A.M.H. Naqvi,Springer Science & Business Media
6. Diseases of Plantation Crops (2014) By P.Chowdappa, Pratibha Sharma IPS 263pp
7. Diseases of Horticulture Crops and their management ,ICAR e-book for B.Sc.(Agri) &
B.Tech (Agri) By TNAU pp172
8. Advances in the diseases of Plantation crops & spices (2004) P.Santha Kumari,International
Book Distributing Company , 247 pp
9. Mehrotra RS & Aggarwal A. 2007. Plant Pathology. 7th Ed. Tata Mc Graw Hill Publ. Co.
Ltd
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

89
Course No. H/PATH-363 Course title: Disease of Vegetable, Ornamental and
Spices crops
Credits: (2+1) 3 Semester: VI
Theory: Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated management of diseases
of the following vegetables, ornamental and spice crops: tomato, brinjal, chilli, bhindi, cabbage,
cauliflower, radish, knol-khol, pea, beans, beet root, onion, garlic, fenugreek, ginger, potato,
turmeric, pepper, cumin, cardamom, nutmeg, coriander, clove, cinnamon, jasmine, rose, crossandra,
tuberose, gerebera, anthurium, geranium. Important post-harvest diseases of vegetables and
ornamental crops and their management.

Practical: Observations of symptoms, causal organisms and host parasitic relationship of important
diseases, examination of cultures of important pathogens of vegetables, ornamental and spice crops in
field as well as in protected cultivation.

Teaching (Lecture) schedule and weightages

Sr. Lecture
Topic Weightages
No. No.
Etiology , symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated disease management
in diseases of :
Vegetables crops viz.,
1 Potato, tomato 1,2,3, 12
2 Brinjal, chilli 4,5, 08
3 Cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli 6,7, 09
4 Radish, knol-khol, beetroot 8,9, 06
5 Ladies finger (bhendi/okra) 10, 05
6 fenugreek and other leafy vegetables 11, 05
7 pea, beans 12,13, 07
8 Onion garlic 14,15, 06
9 Ginger ,turmeric 16,17, 06
Ornamental crops viz.,
10 Rose, chrysanthemum 18,19, 06
11 Gerbera, marigold, jasmine 20,21, 04
12 Gladiolus, carnation 22,23, 04
13 Crossandra, geranium 24,25, 04
Spice crops viz.,
14 Pepper, cumin, cardamom 26,27, 07
15 Nutmeg, coriander, clove, cinnamon 28,29, 05
16 Important post-harvest diseases of vegetables and ornamental 30,31, 06
crops and their management 32
Total 32 100

Lesson Plan
Sr. No. Lesson
Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated disease management in diseases of
:
Vegetables crops viz.,
1, 2, 3 Potato: Early & late blight, wart, scab, bacterial ring rot, viruses: X, Y, roll, rugose, crinkle
Tomato: Damping off, early & late blight, wilts: Fusarial, Verticillium, bacterial, virus: mosaic,
spotted wilt virus
4, 5 Brinjal: Damping off,wilt, Alternaria&Phomopis blight, rust, little leaf
chili: damping off, powdery mildew, dieback, Churda Murda, little leaf
6, 7 Cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli: club root, Alternaria blight, wilt, downy mildew, molybdenum and

90
 boron deficiency
8, 9 Radish: White rust
Knol-khol, beetroot: major diseases
10 Ladies finger (bhendi/okra): powdery mildew, Alternaria, yellow vein mosaic virus
11 Fenugreek and other leafy vegetables: powdery and downy mildew and Alternaria blights
12, 13 Pea: Powdery mildew, wilt, root rot, enation and necrosis virus
Beans: Powdery mildew in cluster and other beans, bacterial and Alternaria blight, anthracnose
14, 15 Onion: Alternaria blight, smudge, downey mildew Garlic:
Alternaria blight
16, 17 Ginger: Rhizome rot, Colletotrichum leaf spot Turmeric: Taphrina
leaf spot, anthracnose
Ornamental Crops viz.,
18, 19 Rose: Powdery mildew, rust, die back, stem canker Chrysanthemum:
Powdery mildew
20, 21 Merigold: Powdery mildew Jasmine: Rust, Alternaria
22, 23 Gladiolus, carnation: major diseases
Gerbera: Powdery mildew
24, 25 Crossandra: Wilt
Geranium: Major diseases
Spice Crops viz:
26, 27 Pepper: Phytophthora foot rot, anthracnose, slow wilt
Cumin: Wilt, powdery mildew Cardamum: Major diseases
28, 29 Nutmeg: Die back, wilt
Coriander: Powdery mildew, wilt, stem gall Clove: Die back,
Colletotrichum Cinnamom: Leaf spot, die back
30, 31, Important post-harvest diseases of vegetables and ornamental crops and their management.
32

Practical Schedule
Exercise
Exercise
No.
1 Club root of crucifers viz,.cabbage, cauliflower
2 Damping off diseases of tomato, brinjal, chilli, cabbage,
cauliflower, bhendi
Rhizome rot of ginger, white rust of radish
3 Late blight of potato, tomato
4 Downey mildew of onion, cucurbits, fenugreek, aster
5 Taphrina leaf spot of turmeric
6 Ectophytic powdery mildew of cucurbits, bhendi, pea, beans, fenugreek, coriander, rose,
cumin
7 Endophytic powdery mildew of cluster bean , chili
8 Alternaria blight of bhendi, garlic, potato, tomato, cabbage, beans, onion, jasmine
9 Anthracnose of chilli, turmeric, beans, pepper, nutmeg, clove.
10 Fusarial wilt of tomato, brinjal, bhendi, pea, cabbage, crossandra,
cumin,
Verticillium wilt of brinjal, tomato
11 Root rots in vegetables viz., tomato, brinjal, and pea. Macrophomina leaf spot in
vegetables & spices viz., brinjal, pea
12 Rusts of brinjal, beans, roses, jasmine and onion smudge
13 Bacterial wilts of brinjal, tomato.
Phytoplasma diseases viz., little leaf of brinjal, aster yellows,
Orobanche and Cuscuta sp. on brinjal
14 Virus disease of potato: mosaic - X, Y, roll and crinkle virus, viruses of tomato,
cucurbits, Churda-murda of chilli.
15 Viral disease bhendi: yellow vein mosaic
91
 Pea viruses: Enations and top necrotic virus
16 Deficiency diseases viz., black heart of potato, boron and molybdenum deficiency in
cabbage & cauliflower, important post harvest diseases of vegetables ,
ornamentals, spices & their management.
Reference books:

1. Agrios, GN. 2010. Plant Pathology. Acad. Press

2. Vegetable Diseases : A Colour full Hand book (2006) by Steven T.Koike ,Peter Gladers and
Albert Paulus ,Academic Press, pp448
3. Diseases of Vegetables crops by R.S.Singh (1987) Oxford & IBH publication, New Delhi
4. Plant Diseases.(2008) Singh RS. 20088th Ed. Oxford & IBH. Pub. Co.
5. Diseases of Crops Plants in India (2009) By PHI learning Pvt. Ltd, pp 548
6. Diseases of Vegetable crops (2005) by Alferd Steferud ,Biotech Books ,New Delhi
7. Mehrotra RS & Aggarwal A. 2007. Plant Pathology. 7th Ed. Tata Mc Graw Hill Publ. Co. Ltd
8. Diseases of Vegetable Crops ,Diagonosis and Management (2014) Dinesh Singh and
P.Chodappa, Today and Tomorrow Printers ,pp734
9. Singh H. 1984. House-hold and Kitchen Garden Pests - Principles and Practices. Kalyani
Publishers.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

92
Course No. H/PATH-364 Course Title: Mushroom Production Technology
Credits: (0+1) 1 Semester: VI

Practical:
Introduction to mushroom, Nutritional and medicinal value of mushroom. Morphology and types of
mushroom. Material equipment and basic facilities required for mushroom entrepreneurship.
Preparation of mushroom culture by tissue isolation method. Spawn production: Types of spawn and
method of spawn production. Preparation of compost for button mushroom production. Preparation of
substrate for oyster mushroom production. Spawning and methods of spawning. Casing for button
mushroom production and after care during spawn run. In button and oyster mushroom production.
Harvesting indices, packing and preservation of Button. Harvesting indices, packing and preservation
of oyster mushroom. Preparation of mushroom recipes. Disease management in mushroom
production. Pest management in mushroom production. Methods of disinfection and fumigation in
Mushroom house. Visit to nearby Mushroom Unit.

Practical Topics
No.
1 Introduction to mushroom, Nutritional and medicinal value of mushroom.
2 Morphology and types of mushroom
3 Material equipment and basic facilities required for mushroom entrepreneurship.
4 Preparation of mushroom culture by tissue isolation method
5 Spawn production: Types of spawn and method of spawn production
6 Preparation of compost for button mushroom production.
7 Preparation of substrate for oyster mushroom production.
8 Spawning and methods of spawning.
9 Casing for button mushroom production and after care during spawn run. In button
and oyster mushroom production.
10 Harvesting indices, packing and preservation of Button
11 Harvesting indices, packing and preservation of oyster mushroom.
12 Preparation of mushroom recipes.
13 Disease management in mushroom production
14 Pest management in mushroom production
15 Methods of disinfection and fumigation in Mushroom house.
16 Visit to nearby Mushroom Unit.

Reference Books:

1. Mushroom cultivation Technology- S. T. Change

e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

93
Course No.: H/ ENTO-121 Title: Fundamentals of Entomology

Credits: (2+1) 3 Semester: II

Theory:

Introduction and History of Entomology in India including contribution of scientists in brief.

Definitions: Insect, Entomology, Horticultural Entomology. Classification of phylum Arthropoda up

to classes. Relationship of class Insecta with other classes of Arthropoda. Insect Dominance.

Economic importance of insects: Harmful, Beneficial and productive insects. Premier institutes

concerned with Entomology. Insect Integument: Structure and Functions. Cuticular appendages and

processes. Moulting: Definition and steps in moulting. Body segmentation: Structure of head, thorax

and abdomen. Insect Head Capsule: Important sclerites and sutures. Positions of head. Structure and

modifications (with examples) of insect antennae, mouth parts, legs and wings (wing venation, wing

coupling apparatus with examples). Structure of thorax and abdomen: segmentation, appendages and

processes, pregenital and post genital appendages and structure of male and female genital

organ.Metamorphosis: Definition and Types of metamorphosis with examples. Post embryonic

development: Eclosion. Insect egg: General structure, Types of egg with examples (at least one).

Types of larva and pupa with examples.Structure and functions of digestive, nervous, circulatory,

respiratory, excretory, secretary and reproductive system in insects.Types of reproduction in

insects.Sensory and Sound producing organs.

Systematics: Definitions: Taxonomy, Systematics, Binomial nomenclature, Order, Family, Genus,

Species, Subspecies, Biotype. Binomial nomenclature: Definition and Rules. Classification of Class
Insecta upto Orders. Important orders: Important distinguishing/taxonomic characters of orders.
Families of horticultural importance with examples. Orthoptera: Acrididae, Tettigonidae, Gryllidae,
Gryllotalpidae; Dictyoptera: Mantidae, Blattidae; Odonata; Isoptera: Termitidae; Thysanoptera:
Thripidae; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Cimicidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Lygaeidae, Cicadellidae,
Delphacidae, Aphididae, Coccidae, Aleurodidae, Pseudococcidae, Lophopidae, Lacciferidae;
Neuroptera: Chrysopidae; Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Papiloinidae, Noctuidae, Sphingidae, Pyralidae,
Gelechiidae, Arctiidae, Saturniidae, Bombycidae; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae, Chrysomelidae,
Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Bruchidae, Scarabaeidae; Hymenoptera: Tenthridinidae, Apidae.

94
Trichogrammatidae, lchneumonidae, Braconidae, Chalcididae; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Tachinidae,
Agromyziidae, Culicidae, Muscidae, Tephritidae.
Plant mites: Morphological/general features of phytophagous mites, important families with
examples (Tetranychidae, Tarsonomidae, Tenuipalpidae and Eriophyidae).

Practical:
Methods of collection and preservation of insects including immature stages. Identification of

important insect. External features of Cockroach/Grasshopper. Study of Types of insect antennae,

mouthparts (dissection) and legs.Wing venation, types of wings and wing coupling apparatus. Types

of insect larvae and pupae. Study and Dissection of digestive system in insects (Cockroach (caterpillar

) /Grasshopper). Study and Dissection of Central nervous system in insects (Cockroach/Grasshopper).

Study and Dissection of male and female reproductive systems in insects (Cockroach/Grasshopper).

Study of distinguishing/taxonomic characters of orders: Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Odonata, Isoptera,

Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera. Families of

horticultural importance with examples.

Teaching Schedule: Theory -

Lecture Topic Weightage
No. (%)
1-3  Introduction and History of Entomology in India including 10
contribution of scientists in brief.
Definitions: Insect, Entomology, Horticultural Entomology.
 Classification of phylum Arthropoda up to classes.
 Relationship of class Insecta with other classes of Arthropoda.
 Insect Dominance.
 Economic importance of insects: Harmful, Beneficial and productive
insects.
 Premier institutes concerned with Entomology.
4-5  Insect Integument: Structure and Functions. 10
Cuticular appendages and processes.
Moulting: Definition and steps in moulting.
 Body segmentation: Structure of head, thorax and abdomen.
6-10  Insect Head Capsule: Important sclerites and sutures. Positions of 10

95
 head.
 Structure and modifications (with examples) of insect antennae, mouth
parts, legs and wings (wing venation, wing coupling apparatus with
examples).
 Structure of thorax and abdomen: segmentation, appendages and
processes, pregenital and post genital appendages and structure of
male and female genital organ.
11-13  Metamorphosis: Definition and Types of metamorphosis with 10
examples.
 Insect egg: General structure, Types of egg with examples (at least
one)
 Types of larva and pupa with examples.
 Sensory and Sound producing organs: Location and functions:
mechanoreceptors, audio receptors, chemoreceptors, thermo and
humidity receptors, photoreceptors and organs of visions with
examples.
14-22  Structure and functions of digestive, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, 20
excretory, secretary and reproductive system in insects. Types of
reproduction in insects. Post embryonic development: eclosion.
23-24 Systematics: 05
 Definitions: Taxonomy, Systematics, Binomial nomenclature, Order,
Family, Genus, Species, Subspecies, Biotype.
Binomial nomenclature: Definition and Rules.
 Classification of Class Insecta up to Orders.
25-27  Study of important orders of insects: Important 10
distinguishing/taxonomic characters of orders. Families of
horticultural importance with examples. Orthoptera: Acrididae,
Tettigonidae, Gryllidae, Gryllotalpidae; Dictyoptera: Mantidae,
Blattidae; Odonata; Isoptera: Termitidae; Thysanoptera: Thripidae.
28-29  Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Cimicidae, Pyrrhocoridae, 10
Lygaeidae, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Aphididae, Coccidae,
Aleurodidae, Pseudococcidae, Lophopidae, Lacciferidae; Neuroptera:
Chrysopidae; Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Papiloinidae, Noctuidae,
Sphingidae, Pyralidae, Gelechiidae, Arctiidae, Saturniidae,
Bombycidae.

96
 30-31  Coleoptera: Coccinellidae, Chrysomelidae, Cerambycidae, 10
Curculionidae, Bruchidae, Scarabaeidae; Hymenoptera:
Tenthridinidae, Apidae, Braconidae, Trichogrammatidae,
lchneumonidae, Chalcididae; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Tachinidae,
Agromyziidae, Culicidae, Muscidae, Tephritidae.
32  Plant mites: Morphological/general features of phytophagous mites, 05
important families with examples (Tetranychidae, Tarsonomidae,
Tenuipalpidae and Eriophyidae).
Total 100

Teaching Schedule: Practical -

Ex. Name of the experiment
No
1. Methods of collection and preservation of insects including immature stages
2. External features of typical insect (eg. Cockroach/ Grasshopper) structure of head,
thorax and abdomen/General body organisation of insect
3. Structure of antennae and its modifications along with examples.
Structure of typical leg and modifications of legs.
4. Study and Dissection of chewing and biting type of mouthparts.
5. Study and Dissection of Chewing and lapping type of mouthparts.
6. Study and Dissection of piercing and sucking type of mouthparts.
7. Study and Dissection of sponging type of mouthparts.
8. Study of insect wings: Structure, Wing Venation, types of wings and wing coupling
apparatus along with examples.
9. Types of larvae and pupae.
10. Study and Dissection of digestive system of Cockroach / Grasshopper.
11. Study and Dissection of male reproductive system of Cockroach / Grasshopper.
Study and Dissection of female reproductive system of cockroach / Grasshopper.
12. Study and Dissection of central nervous system of Cockroach / Grasshopper.
13. Study of distinguishing/taxonomic characters of orders viz.,Odonata, Orthoptera,
Dictyoptera. Families of Horticultural importance from these orders with examples.
14. Study of distinguishing/taxonomic characters of orders viz.,Isoptera, Thysanoptera
and Hemiptera. Families of Horticultural importance from these orders with
examples.
15. Study of distinguishing/taxonomic characters of orders viz.,Neuroptera, Lepidoptera
and Hymenoptera. Families of Horticultural importance from these orders with
examples..
16. Study of distinguishing/taxonomic characters of orders viz.,Diptera and Coleoptera.

97
 Families of Horticultural importance from these orders with examples..
Textbooks:
 Richards O.W. and R.G. Davies – Imms’ General Text Book of Entomology –Vol. I and II

Reference Books:

 Chapman, R. F. – The Insects : Structure and Functions

 David, B. V. and T. Kumarswami – Elements of Economic Entomology
 Marc J. Klowden- Physiological systems in Insects
 Pant N.C. amd Swaraj Ghai – Insect Physiology and Anatomy
 Nayar, K. K.; Anathkrishanan T.N. and B.V.David – General and Applied Entomology
 Patton R.L.- Introductory Insects Physiology
 Wigglesworth – Principles of Insects Physiology
 Metcalf and Flint – Destructive and Useful Insects; their habits and control.
 Evan G.O -Principles of Acarology.
 Krantz G.W – A manual of Acarology.

e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

98
Course NO. H/ENTO-365 Course title : Nematode Pests of Horticultural
Crops and their management
Credits : 1+1=2 Semester : VI
Theory:
History of development of Nematology-Definition, economic importance. General
characteristics of plant parasitic nematodes. Nematode general morphology, taxonomy and biology.
Classification of nematodes. Symptomatology. Control of important plant parasitic nematodes of Fruit
crops: Pomegranate, Grapes, Fig, Citrus, Strawberry, Cashewnut, Vegetable crops: Tomato, Brinjal,
Okra, Chilli and Cucurbits etc. Tuber and bulb crops: Potato, Sweet potato, Carrot, Radish and onion;
Ornamental crops: Chrysanthemum, Rose, Tuberose, Gladiolus, Carnation and Gerbera; Spices:
Turmeric, Ginger, Cardamom and Clove; Plantation Crops: Banana, Area nut and Coconut.
Practical:
Methods of sampling.Extraction of nematodes from soil and plant parts.Counting and
estimation of plant parasitic nematodes. Nematode killing, fixing and preparation of temporary and
permanent mounts. Nematicides and their use. Collection and preservation of 20 plant species/parts
damaged by plant parasitic nematodes.
Lesson plan : Theory

Lect Topic Weightage

ure ( %)
No.
1 History of development of Nematology-Definition, economic 10
importance.
2 General characteristics of plant parasitic nematodes. 5
3-4 Nematode general morphology and biology. 5
5-6 Classification of nematodes : (up to major order and families) 10
7 Classification based on habitats Symptomatology: Above and 10
below ground
8-9 Control of important plant parasitic nematodes of fruit crops: 10
Pomegranate, Grapes, Fig, Citrus, Strawberry, Cashew nut.
10 Vegetable crops: Tomato, Brinjal, Okra, Chilli and Cucurbits etc. 10
11 Tuber and bulb crops: Potato, Sweet potato, Carrot, Radish and 10
Onion.
12 Ornamental crops : Chrysanthemum, Rose, Tuberose, Gladiolus, 5
Carnation and Gerbera.
13 Spices : Turmeric, Ginger, Black pepper Cardamom and Clove 5
14 Plantation crops: Banana, Areca nut and Coconut. 10
15 Role of nematodes in plant disease complex. 5
16 Integrated nematode management. 5
Total 100

Lesson plan : Practical

Sr. Particulars
No.
1. Procedure for collection of soil and root samples
2. Extraction of nematodes from soil samples
3. Extraction of nematodes from plant material
4. Counting and picking of nematodes

99
 Preparation of temporary and permanent mounts of nematodes
5. Gross morphology of plant parasitic nematodes
6. Taxonomic classification of plant parasitic nematodes of horticultural importance
7. Below and above ground symptoms produced by nematodes with examples
8. Interaction between plant parasitic nematodes with disease causing fungi, bacteria,
viruses etc.
9 Important nematode pests of horticultural (fruit) crops- Root Knot Nematode
Meloidogyne spp, Reni form Nematode- Rotylenchulus Reniformis, Root Lesion
Nematode- Pratylenchus spp, Spiral Nematode- Helicotylenchus spp, Cyst Nematodes-
Heterodera and Globodera, Dagger Nematode- Xiphenema spp, Citrus Nematode-
Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Burrowing Nematode- Radopholus similis.
10 Important nematode pests of plantation crops- Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne
spp, Reni form Nematode- Rotylenchulus Reniformis, Root Lesion Nematode-
Pratylenchus spp, Spiral Nematode- Helicotylenchus spp, Cyst Nematodes-
Heterodera and Globodera, Dagger Nematode- Xiphenema spp, Citrus Nematode-
Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Burrowing Nematode- Radopholus similis.
11 Important nematode pests of vegetable crops- Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne
spp, Reni form Nematode- Rotylenchulus Reniformis, Root Lesion Nematode-
Pratylenchus spp, Spiral Nematode- Helicotylenchus spp, Cyst Nematodes-
Heterodera and Globodera, Dagger Nematode- Xiphenema spp, Citrus Nematode-
Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Burrowing Nematode- Radopholus similis.
12 Integrated nematode management methods – Cultural (Crop rotation, Fallowing, Soil
amendments, Other land management techniques, Resistant varieties etc.),
13 Integrated nematode management methods –Physical (Soil solarization, Sterilization,
Hot water treatment, Fumigation), Biological, Chemical, Legislative methods,
14 Nematicides and their use
15. Collection and preservation of 20 plant species/parts damaged by Plant parasitic
nematodes.
16 Collection and preservation of 20 plant species/parts damaged by Plant parasitic
nematodes.

No. Name of book Name of the author and

publication
Text books:
1. A Textbook of Plant Nematology Upadhyay K.D. and Dwivedi K. 1997,
Amman Publishing House, Meerut.
References books:
1. Plant nematode control Whitehead A.G., CAB International
Wallingford U.K.
2. Nematode pest management Swarup G. Deogupta D.R. and Gill J.S.
3. An appraisal of Eco-Friendly Nematological Society of India IARI,
Approaches New Delhi
4. A Treatise on phytonematology P. Parvatha Reddy Agri. Cole Publishing
Academy New Delhi
5. Plant Nematology P. Parvatha Reddy

100
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

101
Course No.: H/ENTO-243 Course Title: Insect Pests of Fruit, Plantation,
Medicinal and Aromatic Crops
Credits: (2+1) 3 Semester: IV
Syllabus (Theory):
General – economic classification of insects. Ecology and insect-pest management with reference to
fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops. Pest survey, surveillance & forecasting. Distribution,
host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of important insect pests affecting tropical,
sub-tropical and temperate fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops like citrus, mango,
grapevine, pomegranate, guava, fig, banana, papaya, custard apple, ber, sapota, jamun, aonla,
jackfruit, coconut, areca nut, oil palm, cashew, cacao, tea, coffee, rubber, betelvine, apple, pear,
peach, plum, almond, cinchona, senna, neem, hemp, belladonna, pyrethrum,
isabgol,dhatura,wildbrinjal, sweetflag, safedmusli, shatavari, ashwangandha,sarpgandha, opium,
tephrosia, mint, dioscoria, comphor, costus, crotalaria, jasmine, patchouli, vetiver, davana, kevara,
citronella, geranium, lemongrass, palmarose, eucalyptus and sandalwood . Storage insects –
distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury. Integrated management of important insect pests
attacking stored fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops and their processed products.
Insecticide residue problems in fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops and their maximum
residual limits (MRLs).

Syllabus (Practical):
Study of symptoms of damage, collection, identification, preservation, assessment of damage and
population of important insect – pests affecting citrus, mango, grapevine pomegranate, guava, fig,
banana, papaya, custard apple, ber, sapota, jamun, aonla, jackfruit, coconut, areca nut, oil palm,
cashew, cacao, tea, coffee, rubber, betel vine, apple, pear, peach, plum, almond, cinchona, senna,
neem, hemp, belladonna, pyrethrum, isabgol, dhatura, wild brinjal, sweet flag, safedmusli, shatavari,
ashwangandha, sarpgandha, opium, tephrosia, mint, dioscoria, comphor, costus, crotalaria, jasmine,
patchouli, vetiver, davana, kevara, citronella, geranium, lemongrass, palmarose, eucalyptus and
sandalwood. Study of symptoms of damage, collection, identification, preservation, assessment of
damage and population of pests of stored fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants.

Teaching Schedule & Lesion Plan (Theory):

Lecture Weightage
Topic
No. (%)
1&2 General and economic classification of insects; definition of pest,
ETL, EIL, pest management, category of pest, harmful and beneficial
insects. 10
3. Ecology, scope, importance, its types, components of environment
and insect-pest management with reference to fruit, plantation,
medicinal and aromatic crops.
Pest survey, surveillance, forecasting and its importance in IPM.

Fruit crops: Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of

important insect pests affecting
4. Citrus: Major pests; Fruit sucking moth, lemon butterfly, leaf Minor,
citrus psylla, whitefly and black fly, bark eating caterpillar.
Minor pests; Nematodes, mealy bug, aphid, scale.

102
5. Mango: Major pests; Hoppers/Jassids, fruit fly, stone weevil, stem
borer, mealy bug, bark eating caterpillar, thrips, leaf gall, midge fly.
Minor pests; Red ants, shoot borer, scale insects, slug caterpillar.
6. Grapevine: Major pests; Flea beetle, thrips, mealy bug, mites.
Minor pests; Stem girdler, cockchafer beetle. 45
7. Pomegranate: Major pests; Fruit borer, mealy bug, thrips, scale
insects, white fly, bark borer.
Minor pests; Fruit sucking moth, mites, shot hole borer, aphid.
8. Guava: Major pests; Fruit fly, spiraling white fly, bark eating
caterpillar, fruit borer.
Minor pests; Scale insects, mealy bug.
Fig: Major pests; Jassids, scale insects, mealy bug.
Minor pests; Mite, stem borer.
9. Banana: Major pests; Root stock weevil, thrips, tinged bug, leaf
eating caterpillar, pseudostem borer, aphid.
Minor pests; Burrowing nematodes.
Papaya: Mealy bug, white fly, green peach aphid, ash weevil.
Custard apple: Mealy bug.
10. Ber: Major pests; Ber fruit borer, ber fruit fly.
Minor pests; Hairy caterpillar, jassids.
11. Sapota: Major pests; Chiku moth, seed borer, bud borer, fruit fly,
stem borer, hairy caterpillar.
Minor pests; Mealy bug, green scale, leaf folder.
Jamun: Ash weevil, fruit fly, sphinx moth, white fly, leaf eating
caterpillar.
12. Aonla: Major pests; Shoot gall maker, bark borer, fruit borer.
Minor pests; Mealy bug, aphids, leaf eating caterpillar.
Jackfruit: Shoot and fruit borer, bud weevil/leaf eating weevil, leaf
Webber, mealy bug, scale, spittle bug.
Plantation crops: Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of
important insect pests affecting
13& 14 Cashew nut: Major pests; Stem and root borer, tea mosquito bug,
apple and nut borer, thrips
Minor pests; Leaf Minor, leaf and blossom Webber, leaf beetle/red
beetle.
Cacao: Stem borer, Mealy bug, black aphids, cow bug.
15. Coconut and Oil Palm:
Major pests; Rhinocerous beetle, red palm weevil, black headed 10
caterpillar,eriophyide mite, rodent.
Minor pests; Termite, scale insects, Mealy bug.
Arecanut: Spindle bug, root grub, inflorance caterpillar, mites
16&17 Tea: Major pests; Tea mosquito bug, jassids, pink/orange mite, red
spider mite, bunchy caterpillar, tea borer, hepialid borer.
Minor pests; Shot hole borer, nematodes, thrips
Coffee: Major pests;coffee berry borer, red borer, white borer.
Minor pests; Root lesion nematode, cockchopper beetle, coffee scale,

103
 snail.
18. Betelvine: Betelvine bugs, scale insects, white fly, Mealy bug, white
grub.
Rubber: Rubber bark eating caterpillar, scale insects, ash weevils,
Mealy bug.
19. Study of pests of Temperate Fruit crops (Apple, Pear, Peach and
Plum): Major pests; Peach leaf curl aphid, apple wooly aphids, san
jose scale, apple codling moth, apple tent caterpillar. 05
Minor pests; blossom thrips, plum weevil, plum fruit moth, mites.
Almond: Almond weevil, almond moth, tent caterpillar, brown mite,
tree borer, stink bug, leaf roller
Medicinal crops: Nature of damage & control measures of pests affecting
20. Cinchona: Scale insects, mirid bug.
Senna: Leaf eating caterpillar, White butterfly, pod borer.
Neem: Tea mosquito bug, thrips, semilooper.
Hemp: Hemp flea, hemp borer, green fly, European corn borer.
Belladonna: Leaf defoliator.
Pyrethrum: Nematodes, thrips, aphids, red spider mites.
21. Isabgul: White grub, red cotton bug, cutworm.
Dhatura: Thrips, leaf bug, white flies, aphid.
Costus: Grasshopper, thorn bug, hairy caterpillar, ash weevil.
Crotalaria: Sunnhemp moth, stem borer, top shoot borer, flea beetle.
Wild brinjal: Brinjal shoot and fruit borer, brinjal stem borer.
Sweet flag: Shoot and root Mealy bugs. 10
Safedmusli: White grub, leaf eating caterpillar.
22. Shatavari : Asparagus beetle.
Ashwagandha/sarpagandha: Epilachna beetle, Mealy bugs, sphingid
caterpillar.
Opium: Root weevil, cutworm, capsule borer.
Tephrosia: Mealy bug, seed borer, cutworm, tea mosquito bug.
Mint: Leaf roller, hairy caterpillar, root borer.
Dioscorea: Aphids, red spider mite, cutworm.
Aromatic crops: Nature of damage & control measures of pests affecting
23. Camphor: Scale insects.
Patchouli: Leaf Webber/leaf eating caterpillar, mirid bug, root knot
nematode.
24. Jasmine: Leaf webworm, budworm, aphid, thrips, two spotted spider
mite.
25. Vetiver: Stem borer, root infecting beetle, nematodes.
Davana: Davana bug, semilooper. Kevara: Leaf hopper. 10
26. Citronella: Shoot borer, grasshopper, armyworm, eriodphyid mite.
Geranium: Root knot nematodes, termite, cutworm.
Lemon grass: Shoot borer, spittle bug. Palmarose: Thrips, white
grub.
27. Eucalyptus: Termites shoot borer. Sandalwood: Leaf Webber, long
horned grasshopper, leaf hopper, thrips, red borer.
104
 Stored pests: Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury
28&29 Major pests: Indian meal moth, Fig and almond moth, rust red flour
beetle, khapra beetle, raisin moth, dried fruit beetle. 05
Minor pests: Saw toothed grain beetle, rice moth.
30. Preventive and curative measures for pest management of stored
fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants.
Pesticides residues
31&32 Definition of pesticides residues, acceptable daily intake, maximum
residual limits, toxicity, its types,LC50, LD50,LT50, GAP, list of 05
instrument for detection of pesticide residues and maximum residual
limits of pesticides in export fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic
commodities.
Total 100

Practical Schedule:
Ex.
Title of Exercise
No.
1. Study of symptoms of damage, collection, identification, preservation, assessment of
damage and population of pests of citrus
2. Study of Pests of Mango
3. Study of Pests of Grapevine
4. Study of Pests of Pomegranate, Aonla
Study of Pests of Guava, Fig and Jackfruit
5. Study of Pests of Banana, Papaya and Custard apple
6. Study of Pests of Ber , Sapota and Jamun
7. Study of Pests of Cashew, Cacao, Tea and Coffee
8. Study of Pests of Coconut, Areca nut and Oil Palm.
9. Study of Pests of Temperate Fruit crops (Apple, Pear, Peach, Plum, almond)
10. Study of Pests of Betel vine and Rubber
11. Study of Pests of Cinchona, senna, neem, hemp & belladonna
12. Study of Pests of Pyrethrum, Isabgoal, Dhatura, Costus & Crotalaria
13. Study of Pests of Wild brinjal, Sweet flag, Safedmusli, Shatavari, Ashwagandha, Opium
14. Study of Pests of Tephrosia, Mint, Dioscoria, Comphor, & Jasmine
15. Study of Pests of Patchouli, Vetiver, Davana, Kevara & Citronella
Study of Pests of Geranium, Lemongrass, Palmarose, Eucalyptus &Sandalwood
16. Study of pests of stored fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants
Textbooks:
 David B V and Kumarswami, T, 1982. Elements of Economic Entomology. Popular Book
Department, Madras, 536p.
 Ramnivas Sharma : Identification and management of horticulture pest.
Reference Books:
 Reddy, P. P., 2010, Plant Protection in Horticulture Vol. 1, 2 & 3, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.
 Ranjit, P., 2012, Entomological Techniques in Horticultural Crops, New India Publishing Agency.
 Nair M R G K, 1995, Insect and Mites of Crops in India, ICAR, New Delhi.
 Ayyar, T.V.R. 1963. Hand book of entomology for south India. Govt. press Madras, 516p.

105
 David. V. Alford. Pest of fruit crops. A. M. Ranjith. Identification and management of Horticultural
pest.
 Rachna and Bennakumari. Pest management and residual analysis in horticultural crop
 K. P. Srivastav and Y. S. Ahawat. Pest management in citrus.
 Fryer : Insect pest of fruit crops
 S. Atwal. Agricultural pests of south Asia and their management.
 Mark Vernon Slinger land and C. R. Crosby. Manual of fruit insects.
 Metcalf, R.Land Luckman,W.H.1982. Introduction to Insect pest management.
WileyInterSciencePublishing,NewYork
 Butani, D.K.1984. Insects and Fruits. Periodical Expert Book Agency, NewDelhi
 e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

106
Course No: H/ENTO- 354 Course Title: Apiculture, Sericulture and Lac
Culture
Credits: (1+1) 2 Semester: V

Theory
Introduction to beneficial insects.Importance and History of apiculture.Species of honey bees,
Rock bee, Little bee, Indian bee, European bee, Italian bee and Dammar bee, lifecycle and
caste determination. Bee colony maintenance, bee colony activities, starting of new colony,
location site, transferring colony, replacement of queen, combining colonies, swarm
prevention, colony management in different seasons, Equipment for apiary, types of bee
hives and their description. Bee pasturage.Honey extraction, honey composition and value,
bee wax and tissues. Importance, History and development in India, silkworms kinds and their
hosts, systematic position, distribution, lifecycles in brief, Silk glands. Mulberry silkworm-
morphological features, races, rearing house and equipments, disinfection and hygiene.
Grainage acid treatment, packing and transportation of eggs, Incubation, black boxing,
hatching of eggs. Silkworm rearing young age /chawki rearing and old age rearing of
silkworms. Feeding, spacing, environmental conditions and sanitation.Cocoon characters
colour, shape, hardiness and shell ratio. Defective cocoons and stifling of cocoons.Uses of silk
and by-products. Economics of silk production. Moriculture-Mulberry varieties, package of
practices, Pests and diseases and their management. Lac growing areas in India, Lac insects,
biology, behaviour, lac cultivation, food plants, pruning, inoculation, cropping, kinds of lac.
Enemies of lac-insects.
Practical
Honey bee colony, different bee hives and apiculture equipment. Summer and Winter
management of colony.Honey extraction and bottling. Study of pests and diseases of
honeybees. Establishment of mulberry garden. Preparation of mulberry cuttings, planting
methods under irrigated and rain fed conditions. Maintenance of mulberry garden-pruning,
fertilization, irrigation and leaf harvest. Mulberry pests and diseases and their management
and nutritional disorders. Study of different kinds of silkworms and mulberry silkworm
morphology, silk glands. Sericulture equipments for silkworm rearing. Mulberry silkworm
rearing room requirements.Rearing of silkworms-chalky rearing. Rearing of silkworms late
age silkworm rearing and study of mountages. Study of silkworm pests and their management.
Study of silkworm diseases and its management. Lac insects-biology, behaviour, lac
cultivation, food plants, pruning, inoculation, cropping, kinds of lac. Enemies of lac insects.

107
Teaching Schedule:
Lecture Topic Weightage
No. (%)
1 Introduction to beneficial insects. Importance and History of 20
apiculture.
2 Studies on different species of honey bees, morphology and
anatomy.
3 Studies on bee colony organization, life style and seasons
management.
4 Bee keeping equipments, types and social behavior of bee hives 10
and their description.
5 Reproduction in bees and queen rearing.Bee pasturage, bee
products and their uses. Economics of bee keeping.
6 Bee enemies and diseases. Role of bees in pollinations.
7 Importance, History and development of silkworms in India. Silk 20
worms species and their hosts, systematic position, distribution,
lifecycles in brief, Silk glands.
8-9 Mulberry silkworm- races. Moriculture-Mulberry varieties,
package of practices.
10 Rearing house and equipments, disinfection and hygiene.
11 Grainage acid treatment, packing and transportation of eggs,
Incubation, black boxing, hatching of eggs.
12 Silkworm rearing young age (chawki) rearing and old age rearing 40
of silkworms.
13 Feeding, spacing, environmental conditions and sanitation.
Cocoon characters: colour, shape, hardiness and shell ratio.
14 Defective cocoons and stifling of cocoons.
Uses of silk and by-products. Economics of silk cocoon
production.
15 Pests and diseases of silkworm and their management.
16 Lac growing areas in India, Lac insects, biology. 10
Lac cultivation, food plants, pruning, inoculation, cropping,
kinds of lac. Enemies of lac-insects.
Total 100

Practical Lesson plan

Ex. No. Practical
1. Honey bee colony and different bee hives and apiculture equipment.
2. Seasonal management of bee colony-Summer and winter.
3. Study of production of honey, handling and bottling.
4. Study of pests and diseases of honeybees.
5. Establishment of mulberry garden.
6. Study of cultivation of mulberry under irrigated and rainfedconditions.
7. Maintenance of mulberry garden-pruning, fertilization, irrigation and leaf
harvest.
8. Pests, diseases and nutritional disorders of mulberry crop and their
management.

108
 9. Study of different speciesof silkworms species and morphology and
anatomy of mulberry silkworm- Silk gland
10. Rearing equipmentsand rearing room.
11. Rearing of silkworms-chalky larvae.
12. Rearing of silkworms late age silkworm and mountages.
13. Study of silkworm pests and their management.
14. Lac insects-biology, behaviour
15. Lac cultivation, food plants, pruning, inoculation, cropping.
16. Kinds of lac and their enemies.
Suggested Reading:
Text books:
 K.P.Srivastava .A Text Book on Applied Entomology Vol.I&II. , Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiyana
Reference books:
 Singh, S., 1975.Bee keeping in India – ICAR, New Delhi., 214p.
 Sunita, N.D, Guled ,M.B, Mulla S.R and Jagginavar,2003, Beekeeping, UAS Dharwad
 Mishra, R.C. and Rajesh Gar. 2002. Prospective in Indian Apiculture. Agrobios, Jodhpur.
 Singh, D and Singh, D.P. 2006. A hand book of Beekeeping, Agrobios (India).
 Paul DeBach and Devid Rosen 1991. Biological control by natural enemies. Cambridge
University Press; 2 edition (27 June 1991)
 Y.A. Shinde and B.R. Patel. Sericulture in India
 Tribhuwan Singh. Principles and Techniques of Silkworm Seed Production, Discovery
publishing House Pvt. Ltd
 M.L. Narasaiah. Problems and Prospects of Sericulture.discovery publishing House Pvt.
Ltd.
 Ganga,G. and SulochanaChetty, J. 1997. An introduction to Sericulture (2nd Edn.).Oxford
& IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
 Krishnaswamy, S. (Ed). 1978. Sericulture Manual - Silkworm Rearing. FAO Agrl. Services
bulletin, Rome.
 Singh, S. 1975. Bee keeping in India. ICAR, New Delhi.
 Glover, P.M. 1937. Lac cultivation in India. Indian Lac Research Institute, Ranchi.
 Jolly, M.S. 1987. “Appropriate sericulture techniques” International centre for training and
ResearchinTropicalSericulture,Mysore,209.
 B.R. David and V.V.Ramamurthy. Elements of Economic Entomology, 7th Edition.
Namrutha Publications, Chennai
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

109
Course No. : H/ENTO 232 Title: Insect Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and
Spice Crops
Credits : (2+1) 3 Semester-III

Theory
Economic importance of insects in vegetable, ornamental and spice crops -ecology and pest
management with reference to these crops. Pest surveillance in important vegetable, ornamental and
spice crops. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of important insect-
pests affecting vegetable, ornamental and spice crops.
Important storage insect-pests of vegetable, ornamental and spice crops, their host range, bio-
ecology, injury and integrated management.
Insect –pests of processed vegetables and ornamental crops, their host range, bio-ecology, injury and
integrated management.
Insecticidal residue problems in vegetables and ornamental crops, tolerance limits etc.
Practical
Study of symptoms, damage, collection, identification, preservation, assessment of
damage/population of important insect-pests affecting vegetable, ornamental and spice crops in field
and during storage.

Teaching Schedule
Theory
Lecture Topic Weightage
No. (%)
1 Economic importance of insects in vegetable, ornamental and spice crops - 10
ecology and pest management with reference to these crops
2 Pest surveillance in important vegetable, ornamental and spice crops. Good
agricultural practices in relation to pest management
3 Pests of Okra : Shoot and fruit borer, Fruit borer, Leaf roller, Jassid, 10
Aphid, Whitefly, Mite
4 Pests of Brinjal : Shoot and fruit borer, Whitefly, Aphid, Jassid, Hadda
beetle, Leaf webber, Mite
Pests of Tomato : Fruit borer, Leaf eating caterpillar, Serpentine leaf
miner, Leaf miner, Whitefly, Aphid, Mealybug
5 Pests of Bell pepper / Capsicum : Thrips, Tobacco leaf eating caterpillar,
Cutworm, Fruit borer, Whitefly, Mite
6 &7 Pests of Cruciferous and Root crops (Cabbage, Cauliflower, Brocoli, 10
Knolkol, Raddish, Carrot) : Diamondback moth, Mustard sawfly, Aphid,
Head borer, Cabbage butterfly, Leaf miner, Cluster caterpillar, Tobacco leaf
eating caterpillar, Semilooper, Cabbage bug

110
 8 Pests of Cucurbitaceous crops (Pumpkin, Ridge gourd, Bitter gourd, 15
etc.) : Fruit fly, Pumpkin beetle, Blister beetle, Hadda beetle, Leaf miner,
Aphid, Whitefly, Mite
9 Pests of Potato : Potato tuber moth, Cutworm, Aphid, Jassid, Leaf eating
caterpillar, Epilachna beetle, Mite
10 Pests of Sweet Potato and Yam
Sweet Potato : Sweet potato leaf eating caterpillar, Sweet potato weevil
Yam : Yam beetle, Mealybug, Scale insect, Sawfly
11 Pests of Leafy vegetables (Amarathus, Coriender, Fenugreek, Spinach, 05
Salad crops) : Cutworm, Leaf eating caterpillar, Aphid, Leafhopper,
Mustard sawfly, Leaf miner, Pollu beetle
12 Pests of Peas & Beans : Pod borers, Aphid, Stem fly, Pulse beetle, Mite
13 Pests of Roses : Aphid, Jassid, Thrips, Scale insect, Flower borer, Leaf 10
eating caterpillar, Leaf cutting bees, Digger wasp, Termite, Mite
14 Pests of Chrysanthemum and Marigold : Aphid, Thrips, Whitefly, Jassid,
Leaf miner, Lace bug, Bud borer, Leaf miner, Mite, Slug
15 Pests of Jasmine and Tuberose : Budworm, Galleryworm, Tingid bug, 05
Rose bud borer, Aphid, Thrips, Scale insect, Mite
16 Pests of Aster : Leafhopper, Black blister beetle, Leaf miner, Aphid, Mite
17 Pests of Gladiolus : Seed corm maggot, Aphid, Thrips, Cutworm, Mite
18 Pests of Gerbera : Whitefly, Leaf miner, Leaf eating caterpillar, Rose bud 05
borer, Mite
Pests of Carnation : Aphid, Thrips, Rose bud borer, Red spider mite
19 Pests of Lily, Anthurium and Orchids : Aphid, Thrips, Mite
20 Pests of Black pepper : Pollu beetle, Mealy bug 10
Pests of Clove : Stem borer, Scale
21 Pests of Cinnamon : Cinnamon butterfly, Leaf miner, Shoot and leaf
webber, Chafer beetle
22 Pests of Cardamom : Cardamom thrips, Shoot and capsule borer, Root
grub, Capsule borer, Hairy caterpillar, Shoot fly
23 Pests of Nutmeg and Mace : Scale
24 Pests of Curry leaf (Psylla, Black fly, Lemon butterfly, Scale) 05
Pests of Coriander, Cumin and Fennel (Aphid, Mite)
25 Pests of Turmeric and Ginger : Rhizome fly, Stem borer, Thrips, Scale
insect, White grub
26 Pests of Chilli : Thrips, Whitefly, Aphid, Fruit borer, Mite
27 Pests of Onion and Garlic : Thrips, Cutworm, Onion fly, Earwig
28 Integrated Pest Management in protected condition 15
29&30 Storage insect-pests of vegetable, ornamental and spice crops and their
management

111
 31 Insect – pests of processed vegetable, ornamental and spice crops and their
management
32 Insecticidal residue problems in vegetables and ornamental crops :
Definition of pesticide residue, acceptable daily intake, maximum residual
limits, LD50, LC50, toxicity & its types, list of instrument for detection of
pesticide residues and maximum residual limits of pesticides in vegetables,
ornamental and spice crops
Total 100

Teaching Schedule
Practical

Practical No. Topic

1 Pests of Okra
2 Pests of Brinjal
3 Pests of Tomato, Bell pepper / Capsicum
4 Pests of Cruciferous and Roost crops
5 Pests of Cucurbitaceous crops
6 Pests of Potato, Sweet potato, Yam
7 Pests of Leafy vegetable, Pea, Beans
8 Pests of Rose, Chrysanthemum, Marigold
9 Pests of Jasmine, Tuberose, Aster
10 Pests of Gladiolus, Gerbera, Carnation, Lily, Anthurium & Orchids
11 Pests of Black pepper, Clove
12 Pests of Cinnamon, Cardamom, Nutmeg & Mace
13 Pests of Curry leaf, Coriander, Cumin & Fennel, Turmeric & Ginger
14 Pests of Chilli, Onion & Garlic
15 Integrated Pest Management in Polyhouse
16 Insect-pests of storage & processed vegetable, ornamental and spice crops and their
management

Reference books

 Ayyar, T.V.R. 1963, Hand Book of Economics Entomology for South India. Govt. Press
Madras.

 David, B.V. 2006. Elements of Economic Entomology. Popular Book Depot, Chennai.

 Butani, D.K. and M.G.Jotwani, 1984. Insects of Vegetables. Periodical Expert Book Agency,
New Delhi.

 Srivastava, K.P. and D.K.Butani, 1998. Pest Management in Vegetables (Part I & II) Research
Periodicals and Book Publishing House, India.
112
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

113
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

114
 DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Course No. : H/SSAC-111 Course Title: Fundamentals of Soil Science

Credit: (1+1) 2 Semester: I

Theory –

Composition of earth’s crust, Soil as a natural body- major components. Formation of Soil – soil forming
factors and Pedogenic processes. Physical properties- Texture definition, methods of textural analysis, Stock’s
law, assumptions, limitations, textural classes, use of textural triangle. Absolute Specific gravity/particle
density definition, apparent specific gravity/bulk density porosity, factors influencing BD. Relation between
BD & Porosity Pore space: definition, factors affecting capillary & non- capillary porosity. Soil colour-
definition, significance, Munsell soil colour chart. Factors influencing soil colour- parent material, soil
moisture and organic matter. Soil structure: definition, classification, clay prism like structure, and Genesis.
Factors influencing soil structure. Soil consistence, plasticity, Atterberg’s limits. Soil air : composition, factors
influencing , soil air, gaseous exchange/ renewal and effect on plant growth. Soil Temperature : Sources
,distribution of heat, factors influencing soil temperature and measurement of soil temperature and effect on
plant growth. Soil chemical properties: Soil colloids: organic, humus, inorganic, secondary silicate clays and
hydrous oxides. Ion exchange: cation and anion, importance of ion exchange. pH and nutrient availability, soil
buffering capacity. Soil organic matter: sources, factors, decomposition and importance. Soil water, energy
concepts, measurement of soil water, movement, pF scale. Soil biology :importance soil microbes, benefits
and harmful effects. Soil taxonomy (soil orders), land capability classification, Soils of different ecosystems
and their properties. Methods and objective of soil survey. Soil erosion, types and control measures. Aerial
photography : Satellite image interpretation, Soil survey , types and importance ,Remote sensing application in
soil and plant studies. Soil degradation, soil compaction, compression, Problematic Soils –Salt affected soil,
Acid soil, Flooded and Coastal saline soil properties. Management of problematic soils. Soil environmental
quality.
Teaching Schedule

Lecture Topic Weightage

No.
1 Composition of earth’s crust, Soil as a natural body- major components 5

2 Formation of Soil – soil forming factors and Pedogenic processes. 5

3 Physical properties- Texture definition, methods of textural analysis, Stock’s law, 10

assumptions, limitations, textural classes, use of textural triangle.
4 Absolute Specific gravity/particle density definition, apparent specific gravity/bulk 7.5
density porosity, factors influencing BD. Relation between BD & Porosity
Pore space: definition, factors affecting capillary & non- capillary porosity
5 Soil colour-definition, significance, Munsell soil colour chart. 5
Factors influencing soil colour- parent material, soil moisture and organic matter.
6 Soil structure: definition, classification, clay prism like structure, and Genesis. 5
Factors influencing soil structure.
Soil consistence, plasticity, Atterberg’s limits.
7 Soil air : composition, factors influencing , soil air, gaseous exchange/ renewal and 5
effect on plant growth
8 Soil Temperature : Sources ,distribution of heat, factors influencing soil 7.5
temperature and measurement of soil temperature and effect on plant growth

9 Soil chemical properties: Soil colloids: organic, humus, inorganic, secondary 5

silicate clays and hydrous oxides

10 Ion exchange: cation and anion, importance of ion exchange. 5

11 pH and nutrient availability, soil buffering capacity. 5

115
 12 Soil organic matter: sources, factors, decomposition and importance. 5

13 Soil water, energy concepts, measurement of soil water, movement, pF scale. 5

14 Soil biology :importance soil microbes, benefits and harmful effects 5

15 Soil taxonomy (soil orders), land capability classification, Soils of different 10

ecosystems and their properties. Methods and objective of soil survey
Soil erosion, types and control measures.
16 Aerial photography : Satellite image interpretation, Soil survey , types and 10
importance ,Remote sensing application in soil and plant studies
Soil degradation, soil compaction, compression, Problematic Soils –Salt affected
soil, Acid soil, Flooded and Coastal saline soil properties. Management of
problematic soils. Soil environmental quality.
Total 100

Practicals-
Basic analytical concepts, techniques and calculation. Collection and preparation of soil samples for
horticultural crops. Determination of moisture content in soil by gravimetric method. Determination of pH and
EC of soil sample. Determination of calcium carbonate by Rapid Titration method. Determination of Organic
carbon by Walkely and Black method. Determination of Bulk density and porosity of soil. Textural analysis of
soil by Boucouyos hydrometer method. Determination of available nitrogen content in soil. Determination of
available Phosphorus from soil. Determination of available Potassium from soil. Determination of available
sulphur from soil. Determination of DTPA extractable micronutrient from soil. Description of soil profile in
field. Determination of soil colour using Munsell colour chart, Estimation of water holding capacity , Field
capacity, Permanent wilting point and Determination of soil water potential characteristic curve by tensiometer
and pressure plate apparatus Visit to Soil and Water Clinic.

Practicals
Ex. No. Title

1 Basic analytical concepts, techniques and calculation.

2 Collection and preparation of soil samples for horticultural crops

3 Determination of moisture content in soil by gravimetric method

4 Determination of pH and EC of soil sample

5 Determination of calcium carbonate by Rapid Titration method

6 Determination of Organic carbon by Walkely and Black method

7 Determination of Bulk density and porosity of soil

8 Textural analysis of soil by Boucouyos hydrometer method

9 Determination of available nitrogen content in soil

10 Determination of available Phosphorus from soil

11 Determination of available Potassium from soil

116
 12 Determination of available sulphur from soil

13 Determination of DTPA extractable micronutrient from soil

14 Description of soil profile in field

15 Determination of soil colour using Munsell colour chart, Estimation of water

holding capacity , Field capacity, Permanent wilting point and

16 Determination of soil water potential characteristic curve by tensiometer and

pressure plate apparatus

Visit to Soil and Water Clinic

Suggested Reading
1. Brady, N. C. 2016. The Nature and Properties of Soils. 15th edition Publisher: Pearson
Education, ISBN: 978-0133254488.
2. Biswas, T.D.; Mukherjee, S.K.. 1995. Text Book of Soil Science 2nd sEd.Tata McGraw Hill
Publisher, Delhi pp 433.
3. Das D. K. 2011. Introductory Soil Science, 3rd revised and Enlarged Ed, Kalyani Publisher,
Ludhiana. pp. 645.
4. Jakson, M.L. 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis. Printice Hall, India, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. pp 498.

117
Course No. : H/SSAC – 122 Course Title: Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management

Credits: (1+1) 2 Semester: II

Theroy:

Introduction to Soil fertility and soil productivity :factors Essential nutrient elements and functions, deficiency
symptoms. Mechanism of Nutrient transport / uptake to plants and nutrient availability. Acid calcarious and
salt affected soil characteristics and management, Role of micro organisms in organic matter decomposition
and humus formation, importance of C:N ratio and pH in plant nutrition soil buffering capacity. Integrated
plant nutrient management. Soil fertility evaluation methods: chemical, biological and by visual symptoms,
critical levels of different nutrients and hidden hunger in soil. DRIS Approach, critical limit approach. Manures
and fertilizer classification and manufacturing process. Properties and fate of major and micronutrient in soils.
NPK fertilizers: composition and application methodology, luxury consumption, nutrient reactions, deficiency
symptom by visual diagnosis. Secondary & Micronutrient fertilizers their types, composition, reaction in soil
and effect on crop growth. Fertilizer control order. Plant nutrient toxicity symptoms and remedial measures.
Soil test crop response and targeted yield concept. Biofertilizers: importance, types and use in horticultural
crop. Nutrients use efficiency (NUE) and management. Effect of potential toxic elements in soil and plant.

Teaching Schedule

Sr. No. Topic Weight

age

1, 2&3 Introduction to Soil fertility and soil productivity :factors Essential nutrient
elements and functions, deficiency symptoms. Mechanism of Nutrient transport /
uptake to plants and nutrient availability. Acid calcarious and salt affected soil
characteristics and management 10

4&5 Role of micro organisms in organic matter decomposition and humus

formation, importance of C:N ratio and pH in plant nutrition soil buffering
capacity. 10

6 Integrated plant nutrient management 7.5

7&8 Soil fertility evaluation methods: chemical, biological and by visual symptoms,
critical levels of different nutrients and hidden hunger in soil. DRIS Approach,
critical limit approach, 10

9 Manures and fertilizer classification and manufacturing process. Properties and

fate of major and micronutrient in soils 10

10&11 NPK fertilizers: composition and application methodology, luxury consumption,

nutrient reactions, deficiency symptom by visual diagnosis 10

12 Secondary & Micronutrient fertilizers their types, composition, reaction in soil

and effect on crop growth.

Fertilizer control order 7.5

118
 13 Plant nutrient toxicity symptoms and remedial measures. 7.5

14 Soil test crop response and targeted yield concept 7.5

15 Biofertilizers: importance, types and use in horticultural crop. Nutrients use

efficiency (NUE) and management. 10

16 Effect of potential toxic elements in soil and plant 10

Total 100

Practicals-
Determination of organic matter from compost / FYM /oil cake (Ignition method), Determination of soil
available nitrogen (Subbiah and Asija,, 1956). Determination of available phosphorus in soil (Olsen et al, 1954)
for alkaline soils. Determination of soil available potassium in soil. Determination of soil available sulphur in
soil. Determination of exchangeable Calcium and Magnesium in soil. Determination of exchangeable Calcium
and Magnesium by Versenate (EDTA) Method. Determination of soil Micronutrients. Determination of Lime
requirement of Problem soilsDetermination of Lime requirement of acid soils (SMP buffer method) (for soils
of pH less than 6) To estimate the Lime requirement of a soil (Hutchinson and MacLenan procedure ) .
Fertilizer Adulteration test / Identification of Adulteration in fertilizer / Detection of adulteration in fertilizers
(Rapid test). Determination of total nitrogen from FYM / Compost / oilseed cake and C : N ratio (By Kjeldahl
method) . Determination of total phosphorus and potassium from compost / FYM. Determination of (Amide
nitrogen) from urea. Determination of ammonical nitrogen content of ammonium sulphate. Determination of
water soluble phosphorus in superphosphate (Pumberton method) Use of soil testing kit and Use of leaf colour
chart for nutrient deficiency diagnosis

Practicals
Exercise No Title
1 Determination of organic matter from compost / FYM /oil cake (Ignition method)
2 Determination of soil available nitrogen (Subbiah and Asija,, 1956)

3 Determination of available phosphorus in soil (Olsen et al, 1954) for alkaline soils.
4 Determination of soil available potassium in soil
5 Determination of soil available sulphur in soil.
6 Determination of exchangeable Calcium and Magnesium in soil
7 Determination of exchangeable Calcium and Magnesium by Versenate (EDTA) Method.
8 Determination of soil Micronutrients
9 Determination of Lime requirement of Problem soils
Determination of Lime requirement of acid soils (SMP buffer method) (for soils of pH
less than 6) To estimate the Lime requirement of a soil (Hutchinson and MacLenan
procedure )
10 Fertilizer Adulteration test / Identification of Adulteration in fertilizer / Detection of
adulteration in fertilizers (Rapid test)
11 Determination of total nitrogen from FYM / Compost / oilseed cake and C : N ratio (By
Kjeldahl method)
12 Determination of total phosphorus and potassium from compost / FYM.
13 Determination of (Amide nitrogen) from urea.
14 Determination of ammonical nitrogen content of ammonium sulphate.
Determination of water soluble phosphorus in superphosphate (Pumberton method)
119
 15 Determination of total potassium content of muriate of potash (by flame photometer).
And zinc in zinc sulphate.
16 Use of soil testing kit and Use of leaf colour chart for nutrient deficiency diagnosis

Suggested Reading
1. Yawalkar K.S, Agarwal J. P. and Bokkde, 1992. Manures and Fertilizers. Agri. Horticultural
Publishing House, Nagpur.
2. Tandan HLS, 1994. Fertilizers Guide. Fertilizers Development Consulation Organizations,
New Delhi.
3. Mengel , et al., 2001. Principles of Plant Nutrition (5th Edition), Springer
4. Seethramaan, S. Biswas, B.C. Maheshwari, S. and Yadav, D.S. 1986 Hand Book on Fertlizers
Technology. The Fertilizers Association of India, New Delhi

120
Course No:-H/EVS-121 Course Title:-Environmental Studies and Disaster
Management
Credit hours: (2+1) 3 Semester:-II
Theory
Environmental studies:- Nature, Definition, scope and importance. Natural Resources:-Renewable and non-
renewable resources, Natural resources and associated problems. a) Forest resources: Use and over-
exploitation, deforestation. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forest and tribal people. b)
Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water,
dams-benefits and problems. c) Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting
and using mineral resources. d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and
overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity. e) Energy
resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, use of non-conventional
energy sources. f) Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion
and desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources for
sustainable lifestyles. Ecosystems: -Concept of an ecosystem, Structure and function. Study of Producers,
Consumers and Decomposers, Energy flow in the ecosystem. Ecological succession, Food chains, food webs
and ecological pyramids. Types of Ecosystem Introduction, characteristic features, structure and function of
Forest,Grassland, Desert and Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) Biodiversity:
- Introduction, definition, genetic, species & ecosystem diversity and bio-geographical classification of India,
Value of biodiversity. Biodiversity at global, National and local levels, India as a mega-diversity nation. Hot-
spots of biodiversity, Threats to biodiversity: -habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, Endangered and endemic
species of India., Conservation of biodiversity. Environmental Pollution:- Types of pollution, definition, cause,
effects and control measures of Air, Water, Soil, Marine, Noise, Thermal pollutions and Nuclear hazards. Solid
Waste Management: causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes.Role of an individual
in prevention of pollution. Carbon Credit: Concept, Exchange of carbon credits. Carbon Sequestration,
Importance, Meaning and ways. Environmental ethics- issues and possible solutions, Climate change, global
warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Wasteland reclamation.
Consumerism and waste products. Environment (Protection) Act, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act, Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act, Wildlife Protection Act and Forest Conservation Act.
Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. Public awareness. Human Population and the
Environment: Population growth, variation among nations, population explosion. Environment and human
health: Human Rights, Value Education. Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types
and effects. Floods, drought, cyclone, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold
waves. Climatic change: global warming, Sea level rise, ozone depletion. Man Made Disasters:- Nuclear
disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire, coal fire, forest fire, oil fire, air pollution, water
pollution, deforestation, industrial waste water pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea
accidents. Disaster Management:-Concept, Effect to migrate natural disaster at national and global levels.
International strategy for disaster reduction. National disaster management framework; financial arrangements.
Role of NGOs, community –based organizations and media.Central, state, district and local administration;
Armed forces in disaster response; Police and other organizations

Lecture Weightage
Topic
No. (%)
1. Environmental studies:- Nature, Definition, scope and importance 3
Natural Resources:-Renewable and non-renewable resources,
2
Natural resources and associated problems.
a) Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation. Timber extraction,
mining, dams and their effects on forest and tribal people.
16
b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods,
3-6
drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems.
c) Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and
using mineral resources.
121
 d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and
overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water
logging, salinity.
e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy
sources, use of non-conventional energy sources.
f) Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides,
soil erosion and desertification.
Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources.
7
Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
8 Ecosystems: -Concept of an ecosystem, Structure and function.
Study of Producers, Consumers and Decomposers, Energy flow in the ecosystem.
9
Ecological succession, Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids.
14
Types of Ecosystem Introduction, characteristic features, structure and function of
10 Forest,Grassland, Desert and Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers,
oceans, estuaries)
Biodiversity: - Introduction, definition, genetic, species & ecosystem diversity and
11-12
bio-geographical classification of India, Value of biodiversity.
Biodiversity at global, National and local levels, India as a mega-diversity nation.
Hot-spots of biodiversity, Threats to biodiversity: -habitat loss, poaching of wildlife,
13-14 12
man – wildlife
Endangered and endemic species of India., Conservation of biodiversity.
Environmental Pollution:- Types of pollution, definition, cause, effects and control
15-17 measures of Air, Water, Soil, Marine, Noise, Thermal pollutions and Nuclear
hazards. 14
Solid Waste Management: causes, effects and control measures of urban and
18
industrial wastes.Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.
Carbon Credit: Concept, Exchange of carbon credits. Carbon Sequestration,
19-20
Importance, Meaning and ways.
Environmental ethics- issues and possible solutions, Climate change, global 08
21-22 warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust.
Wasteland reclamation. Consumerism and waste products.
Environment (Protection) Act, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, Water
(Prevention and control of Pollution) Act, Wildlife Protection Act and Forest
23-24 08
Conservation Act.
Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. Public awareness.
Human Population and the Environment:
Population growth, variation among nations, population explosion.
25 04
Environment and human health: Human Rights, Value Education.

Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects.
26-27 Floods, drought, cyclone, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions,
10
Heat and cold waves.
28 Climatic change: global warming, Sea level rise, ozone depletion.
Man Made Disasters:- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters,
building fire, coal fire, forest fire, oil fire, air pollution, water pollution,
29-30 08
deforestation, industrial waste water pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air
accidents, sea accidents.
Disaster Management:-Concept, Effect to migrate natural disaster at national and
global levels. International strategy for disaster reduction. National disaster
31-32 management framework; financial arrangements. Role of NGOs, community –based 03
organizations and media.Central, state, district and local administration; Armed
forces in disaster response; Police and other organizations.
Total Weightage (%) 100

Practical-

122
Study of collection, processing and storage of effluent samples. To estimates solids in water samples.
To measure the dissolved O2 content in pond water by Winkler’s method. Estimation of respirable and
non respirable dust in the air by using portable dust sampler. Determination of sound level by using
sound level meter. Study of community structure. Study of pond / River/ hill slopes ecosystem-abiotic
and biotic components. Study of grass land and agro-ecosystem and measurement of their
productivity. Crop adaptation to different ecosystems. A. Hydrophytes, B. Mesophytes, C.
Xerophytes, D. Halophytes. Study and Visit of flora and Fauna. Visit to local polluted site - Urban /
Rural/ Industrial: observations and remedial control measures. Collection, identification, herbarium,
maintenance and study of plants grown in various ecosystems.
Exercise Experiment Title
1 Study of collection, processing and storage of effluent samples.
2 To estimates solids in water samples.
3 To measure the dissolved O2 content in pond water by Winkler’s method.
4 Estimation of respirable and non respirable dust in the air by using portable dust sampler.
5 Determination of sound level by using sound level meter.
6 Study of community structure.
7 Study of pond / River/ hill slopes ecosystem-abiotic and biotic components.
8 Study of grass land and agro-ecosystem and measurement of their productivity.
9 Crop adaptation to different ecosystems. A. Hydrophytes
10 Crop adaptation to different ecosystems. B. Mesophytes
11 Crop adaptation to different ecosystems. C. Xerophytes
12 Crop adaptation to different ecosystems. D. Halophytes
13 Study and Visit of flora and Fauna.
14 Visit to local polluted site - Urban / Rural: observations and remedial control measures.
15 Visit to local polluted site - Industrial: observations and remedial control measures.
16 Collection, identification, herbarium, maintenance and study of plants grown in various
ecosystems.

123
Text books:
1 Text book of Environmental Studies for undergraduate courses by Erach Bharucha University
Grants Commission, New Delhi.
2 A text book on Ecology and Environmental Science by M.Prasanthrajan and P.P. Mahendran.,
Agrotch Publishing Academy, Udaipur-313002.

Reference Book:
3 Ecology and Environment by P.D. Sharma, Rastogi Publication. Meerut.
4 Environmental Sciences by S.S. Purohit, Q.J. Shammi and A.K. Agrawal, Student
Edition, Jodhpur.
5 Disaster Management by Sarthak Singh. Oxford Book Company.
6 Disaster – Strengthening community Mitigation and Preparedness by Dr. B.K.
Khannna and Nina Khanna. New India Publication Agency.
7 Laboratory Manual of Ecology and Environmental Studies by Amrit Kaur, Paragon
International Publisher, New Delhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

124
 Course No. : H/SSAC-243 Course Title: Soil, Water and plant analysis

Credit: (1+1) 2 Semester: IV

Theroy: Importance and objectives of soil, water and plant analysis Principles of instrumentation in soil, water
and plant analysis, Methods of soil, water and plant sampling and processing for analysis, Nutrient mobility,
diffusion and mass flow, Renewal of gases in soil and their abundance, Principles and methods of measurement
of oxygen diffusion rate and redox potential, Radio tracer technology application in plant nutrient studies and
fertility evaluation, Soil micro-organisms and their importance, Saline and alkali appraisal and management,
Acid soil appraisal and management, Waterlogged soil appraisal and management, Sandy soil appraisal and
management, Chemical and mineral composition of horticultural crops, Leaf analysis standards , index tissue,
interpretation of leaf analysis values quality of irrigation water. Rapid tissue test for plant, Management of
poor quality irrigation water in crop management Soil pollution and water pollution.
Teaching Schedule
Lecture Topic Weightage
No.
1 & 2 Importance and objectives of soil, water and plant analysis
Principles of instrumentation in soil, water and plant analysis 10

3 Methods of soil, water and plant sampling and processing for

analysis 7.5

4 Nutrient mobility, diffusion and mass flow 7.5

5 Renewal of gases in soil and their abundance 5

6 Principles and methods of measurement of oxygen diffusion rate

and redox potential 7.5

7&8 Radio tracer technology application in plant nutrient studies and

fertility evaluation 10

9 Soil micro-organisms and their importance 5

10 Saline and alkali appraisal and management 5

11 Acid soil appraisal and management 5

12 Waterlogged soil appraisal and management 5

13 Sandy soil appraisal and management 5

14 Chemical and mineral composition of horticultural crops 7.5

15 Leaf analysis standards , index tissue, interpretation of leaf analysis

values quality of irrigation water. Rapid tissue test for plant 10

16 Management of poor quality irrigation water in crop management

Soil pollution and water pollution 10

Total 100

125
Practicals:
Collection and preparation of soil, water and plant samples for analysis, Preparation of standard solutions,
Determination of pH and EC of soil, Determination of SAR and ESP of soil, Estimation of moisture content in
soils and plants, Determination of available nitrogen in soil, Determination of available phosphorus in soil,
Determination of available potassium in soil, Determination of DTPA extractable micronutrients in soil,
Determination of boron, Determination of pH and EC in irrigation water samples, Determination of
Carbonates , bicarbonates sulphates and chlorides in irrigation water, Determination of calcium, magnesium ,
sodium , potassium and Boron in irrigation water, Determination of NPK calcium , magnesium and sulphur in
plant sample, Determination of micronutrients in plant sample , Preparation of plant nutrient deficiency
symptoms album.
Practicals

Exercise Title
No.
1 Collection and preparation of soil, water and plant samples for analysis

2 Preparation of standard solutions

3 Determination of pH and EC of soil

4 Determination of SAR and ESP of soil

5 Estimation of moisture content in soils and plants

6 Determination of available nitrogen in soil

7 Determination of available phosphorus in soil

8 Determination of available potassium in soil

8 Determination of DTPA extractable micronutrients in soil

10 Determination of boron
11 Determination of pH and EC in irrigation water samples

12 Determination of Carbonates , bicarbonates sulphates and chlorides in irrigation water

13 Determination of calcium, magnesium , sodium , potassium and Boron in irrigation water

14 Determination of NPK calcium , magnesium and sulphur in plant sample

15 Determination of micronutrients in plant sample

16 Preparation of plant nutrient deficiency symptoms album

Suggested Reading Books:

1 H.L.S. Tandon. 2013, Mehods of analysis of soil, plant, water and fertilizers. FDCO, New
Delhi.
2 Yawalkar, K.S. Agarwal, Pand Bokde., 1977 Manuers and fertilizers.Agri-Horticultural
Publishing House, Nagpur.
3 Sehgal J.A. 2005. Textbook of Pedology Cancepts and Applications. Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
126
4 Jaiswal, P.C., 2006. Soil, Plant and Water Analysis (2 nd Edition), Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.
5 Jackson M.L, 1967. Soil Chemical Analysis, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
6 P.K. Gupta., 2013, Soil, Plant, water and fertilizer analysis. Agrobios, India.
7 M. V. Durai., 2014, Hand book of Soil, plant, water, fertilizers and Manure analysis. New
India Publishing Agency.

127
Course No. : H/ENGG-362 Course Title: Farm Machinery and Power

Engineering
Credits: 1+1=2 Semester : VI
Theory:
Basic concepts of various forms of energy, unit and dimensions of force energy and power,
calculations with realistic examples IC Engines: Basic principles of operation of compression ignition
and spark ignition engines, two stroke and four stroke engines, fuel supply system for CI and SI
engine, cooling and lubrication system, power transmission system, broad understanding of
performance and efficiency, tractors, power tillers and their types and uses. Electric motors: types,
construction and performance comparison. Tillage: objectives, method of ploughing Primary tillage
implements: construction and function of indigenous ploughs, improved indigenous ploughs, mould
board ploughs, disc plough and rotary plough/rotavator. Secondary tillage implements: construction
and function of tiller/cultivator, harrows, ridgers and bund formers. Sowing and transplanting
equipment: seed drills, potato planters, seedling transplanter, seedling transplanter. Grafting, pruning
and training tools and equipment. Inter-culture equipment: sweep. Junior hoe, weeders, long handle
weeders. Crop harvesting equipments: potato diggers, fruit pluckers, tapioca puller and hoists.
Practical:
Calculation on force, power and energy.IC engines – showing the components of dismantled engines
and motors.Study of fuel supply system of CI &SI engine, Lubrication system, Cooling systems,
Clutch System, Gear box and differential unit. Primary and secondary tillage implements, hitching,
adjustments and operations.Spraying equipment, calibration and operation.Plant protection
equipment, calculation of dilution ratio and operation. Study of Horticultural Tools and
equipments.Study of power tiller.
Teaching Schedule:
Lecture Topic / Topics Details Weightage
1 Basic concepts of various forms of energy Human, Animal, 7
Mechanical, electrical, Wind Power, Scope of Mechanization.
2-3 Principle of operation of I.C. engine- Basic principles of 13
operation of compression, ignition and spark ignition engines,
Two and Four stroke engine, Engine terminology and examples
4-5 I.C. Engine systems- Fuel supply system for CI and SI engine, 12
Cooling and lubrication system.
6-7 Tractor Tractors, power tillers and their types, selection and 12
uses, fixed and operating cost of tractors with examples

8 Tillage Tillage, objectives of tillage, classification & types of 7

tillage, Tillage implements -types
9 Primary tillage implements- Construction and function of 6
indigenous plough, M. B. plough and Disc plough with

128
 examples,
10-11 Secondary tillage implements 12
Construction and functions of Harrows, cultivators, ridgers and
bund former & examples
12-13 Sowing and transplanting equipments-Sowing methods, seed 13
drill, components of seed drill, seed metering mechanism, types
of furrow openers, calibration of seed drill, examples
14 Planter Planter, and their functions ,classification of planters, 6
potato planter,
15 Inter culturing equipments-Sweep, junior hoe, weeders, long 6
handle weeders
16 Crop harvesting equipments potato diggers 6
Total 100

Practical
Exercise Name of the Exercise
No.
1. Engine terminology and numerical
2. Study of components of internal combustion (I. C.) engine
3. Study of two stroke cycle engine
4. Study of four stroke cycle engine
5. Study of fuel supply system of CI &SI engine
6. Study of Lubrication system
7. Study of Cooling systems
8. Study of Clutch System of the tractor
9. Study of Gear box and differential unit of the tractor
10. Study of primary tillage implements: mould board plough, hitching, adjustment
and operation
11. Study of primary tillage implements: disc plough, hitching, adjustment and
operation
12. Study of secondary tillage hitching, adjustment and operation
13. Study of inter-culturing tools and implements, hitching, adjustment and operation
14. Study of sprayers and dusters, calibration and operation
15. Study of Horticultural Tools and equipment’s
16. Study of power tiller

Text Books:
1. Principles of Agricultural Engineering Vol. 1. Reprint Edition: 2012. by T. P. Ojha, A. M. Michael,
Jain Brothers, New Delhi

129
2. Elements of Agricultural Engineering by Jagadishwar Sahay. Forth Edition, 2010 Standard
Distributor and Publishers, New Delhi
3. Agricultural Engineering by O P Singhal (2011) Aman Publishing House, Meerut
4. Elements of Farm Mechaneries by A C Srivastava, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd, New
Delhi

Reference Books:
1. Farm Tractor -Repair and Maintenance by S.C. Jain and C.R. Rai.
2. Principles of Farm Machineies by R A Kepner, R Bainer, E C Barger (2000) CBS Publishers and
Distributors, Delhi
3. Farm Engines and Tractors by H E Gulvin (2001) McGraw Hill, New York
4. Servicing and Maintenance of Farm Tractors (2005) E J Johnson and A H Hollenburg, McGraw
Hill, New York
5. Tractor Implement System by Alcock and Ralph (1986) Athe AVI Publishing Co. Inc Springer,
New York
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

130
Course No. : H/ENGG-121 Course Title: Water Management in Horticultural
Crops
Credits: 1+1=2 Semester :II
Theroy:
Importance of water, water resources in India.Area of different crops under irrigation, function of
water for plant growth, effect of moisture stress on crop growth.Available and unavailable soil
moisture – distribution of soil moisture – water budgeting – kinds of water- rooting characteristics –
moisture extraction pattern.Water requirement of horticultural crops – lysimeter studies – Plant water
potential climatological approach – use of pan evaporimeter – factor for crop growth stages – critical
stages of crop growth for irrigation. Irrigation scheduling – different approaches – methods of
irrigation – surface and sub-surface pressurized methods viz., sprinkler and drip irrigation, their
suitability, merits and limitations, fertigation, economic use of irrigation water. Water management
problem, soils quality of irrigation water, irrigation management practices for different soils and
crops.Layout of different irrigation systems, drip, sprinkler. Layout of underground pipeline system.
Practical:
Measurements of irrigation water by using water measuring devices, use of common formula in
irrigation practices, practicing of land leveling and land shaping implements, layout for different
methods of irrigation. Study of fertilizer application system, Study of different types of filters , Study
of acid treatment and chlorination treatment to avoid clogging in micro-irrigation system, Field
evaluation of drip and micro-sprinkler irrigation system Estimation of soil moisture constants and soil
moisture by using different, methods and instruments, scheduling of irrigation, different approaches,
practicing use of instruments, estimation of irrigation efficiency and water requirements of
horticultural crops, irrigation planning and scheduling, soil moisture conservation practices. Visit to
Drip and sprinkler Irrigation Installation
LESSON-PLAN (Teaching- Schedule)
Lecture Topic / Topics Details Weightage
1 Water resources- Global water scenario, Hydrological cycle and 6
Indian water Budget
2 Irrigated Area under principle crops 6
3 Function of water for plant growth- Soil moisture and plant 8
growth
4 Effect of moisture stress on crop growth- soil moisture stress, 6
moisture stress and plant response
5 Available and unavailable soil moisture – kinds of water, 7
rooting characteristics, moisture extraction pattern
6 Water requirement of horticultural crops – net irrigation 9
requirement, gross irrigation requirement
7&8 Lysimeter studies, Plant water potential-Consumtive use Use 13
of pan evaporimeter-definition of evaporation, transpiration,
Evapo-transpiration and potential evapotranspiration Pan
evaporimeter
9 Factor for crop growth stages – critical stages of crop growth 6
for irrigation. Irrigation scheduling – different approaches

131
10 & 11 Methods of Irrigation- Classification, border, check basin, 9
Square and ring basin, Furrow irrigation methods
12 Sub-surface pressurized methods Sprinkler- definition, 7
adoptability, limitations,
13 & 14 Components and types of Sprinkle irrigation system, fertilizer 11
applicator

15 & 16 Drip Irrigation System- Definition, advantages, dis- advantages, 12

components, fertilizer applicator, Layout
Total 100

Practical:
Exercise Title of the Exercise
Number
1. Study of Weirs, Notches
2. Study of Parshall flume and orifices
3. Numericals on Weirs, Notches, Parshall flume and orifices
4. Collection of field data for designing micro-irrigation system for orchard and
vegetable crops
5. Study of different components of drip irrigation system
6. Study of different components of Spinkler irrigation system
7. Study of fertilizer application system
8. Study of different types of filters
9. Study of acid treatment and chlorination treatment to avoid clogging in micro-
irrigation system
10. Field evaluation of drip and micro-sprinkler irrigation system
11. Estimation of soil moisture constants
12. Determination of Soil Moisture by Air Oven Method
13. Estimation of irrigation efficiency of horticultural crops
14. Estimation of water requirements of horticultural crops
15. Study of Soil Moisture Conservation Practices
16. Visit to Drip and sprinkler Irrigation Installation

Text Books:
1 R.K. Shivanappan Drip Irrigation Keerthi Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 126-Sarojini Street,
Ramnagar, coimtore-461009

132
2 A.M. Michael Irrigation Theory and Practice-Reprint-2002 Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. New
Delhi-110007
3 A.M. Michael and T.P. Ojha Principles of Agricultural Engineering Vol-II, Third Edition 1999 Jain
Brothers, Karol Bagh, New Delhi
4 Y P Rao and S. R. Bhakar Irrigatin Technology Theory & Practices 2008 AgroTech Publishing
Academy, Udaipur
5 D. Lenka Irrigation and Drainage 2001 Kalyani Publishing, Ludhiana
Reference Book:
1 J.N. Luthin Drainage Engineering 1978 Wiley
2 Richey et al Agricultural Engineer’s Handbook 1961 Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd,
New York
3 S. K. Garg Hydrology and Water Resource Engineering Khanna Publications, New Delhi
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

133
Course No. H/AGRO-351 Course Title: Organic Farming
Credits:(1+1) 2 Semester: V
Theory
Introduction, concept, relevance in present context; Organic production requirements; Biological
intensive nutrient management-organic manures, vermicomposting, green manuring, recycling of
organic residues, biofertilizers; Soil improvement and amendments; Integrated diseases and pest
management – use of biocontrol agents, biopesticides pheromones, trap crops, bird perches; Weed
management; Quality considerations, certification, labeling and accreditation processors, marketing,
exports.
Practical

Raising of vegetable crops organically through nutrient, diseases and pest management;
vermicomposting; vegetable and ornamental nursery raising; macro quality analysis, grading,
packaging, postharvest management.

Lesson Plan

S.N. Topic Weightages

1-2 Introduction, concept, relevance in present context; Organic 11
production requirements
3 Biological intensive nutrient management 13

4-6 organic manures-FYM, vermicomposting, green manuring 16

7-8 recycling of organic residues, biofertilizers 13
9-10 Soil improvement and amendments; Integrated weed, diseases and 14
pest management;
11-13 use of biocontrol agents, biopesticides pheromones, trap crops, bird 17
perches
14-16 Quality considerations, certification, labeling and accreditation 16
processors, marketing, exports
Total 100

Practical:

SN Title of the Exercise

1 Preparation of FYM, compost and green manuring
2 Preparation of vermicompost
3 Raising of agronomic/vegetable crops organically
4 Calculation of nutrient requirement for organically raised crops using different sources.
5 Preparation of phosphor-compost by using minerals.
6 Use of phosphor- compost to organically grown, fruits and vegetable crops
7 Study of parameters and their characteristics and favorable conditions required for production of
quality compost
8 Study of relative suitability of different organic materials for composting according to ease of
decomposition.
9 Use of concentrated organic manures (oil cakes, slaughter house waste, fish meal and poultry
manures etc.) in organically grown different horticultural crops.
134
10 Use of bio-stimulants in organically grown horticultural crops
11 Preparation of vermin-wash for vegetable seedlings
12 Pest management in organically raised crops
13 Disease management in organically grown vegetable crops
14 Use of bio fertilizer for seed treatment of vegetable crops
15 Nutritional management in organically grown orchards, pest management in organically grown
floriculture Nutritional management in organically grown vegetable crops. Grading, packaging,
post-harvest management and marketing of organically raised produce.
16 Visit to bio-control lab, bio fertilizer unit and vermicomposting unit.

Suggested Reading:

 A.K.Dahama. 2007. Organic farming for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur.
 Arun. K. Sharma. 2011. Handbook of Organic farming. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur.
 S.P. Palaniappan and K.Annadurai. 2010. Organic farming – Theory and Practice. Scientific
Publishers. Jodhpur.
 U.Thapa and P. Tripathy. 2006. Organic farming in India- Problems and Prospects. Agrotech
publishing agency, Udaipur.
 G.K.Veeresh. 2006. Organic farming. Foundation Books. New Delhi.
 Purshit,S.S.2006.TrendsinOrganicFarminginIndia.AgrosBios(INDIA), Jodhpur.
 Thampan,P.K.1995.OrganicAgriculture. PeckaytreeCropsDevelopmentFoundation,
Cochin,Kerala.
 Sathe,T. V. 2004.VermicultureandOrganicFarming. DaysPublishingHouse,NewDelhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

135
Course No. H/AGROMET-111 Course Title: Agro-meteorology and Climate
Change
Credits: (1+1) 2 Semester: I
Theory: Agricultural Meteorology- Introduction, definition of meteorology, scope and practical utility
of Agricultural meteorology. Composition and structure of atmosphere and definition of weather and
climate, aspects involved in weather and climate, atmospheric temperature, soil temperature, solar
radiation, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric humidity, evaporation and transpiration, monsoons,
rainfall, clouds, drought, weather disasters and their management atmospheric pollution and role of
meteorology.Basics of weather forecasting.Climate change-causes.Global warming-causes and remote
sensing.Effect of climate change on horticulture Past and future changes in greenhouse gases within
the atmosphere. Sources and sinks for greenhouse gases. Atmospheric chemistry. Plants sense and
respond to changes in CO2 concentration. Measurement of short-term effects and mechanisms
underlying the observed responses in C3 and C4 species.plant development affected by growth in
elevated CO2. Physiology of rising CO2 on nitrogen use and soil fertility, its implication for
production. Methodology for studying effect of CO2. Change in secondary metabolites and pest
disease reaction of plants. The mechanisms of ozone and UV damage and tolerance in
plants.Increased temperature and plants in tropical/sub-tropical climates- effect on growing season,
timing of flowering, duration of fruit development and impacts on crop yields and potential species
ranges, interaction of temperature with other abiotic/biotic stress.Mitigation strategies and prospects
for genetic manipulation of crops to maximize production in the future atmosphere.Modifying
Rubisco, acclimation, metabolism of oxidizing radicals, and sink capacity as potential strategies.
Practicals: Site selection for Agromet observatory; Measurement of temperature; Measurement of
rainfall; Measurement of evaporation (atmospheric/soil); Measurement of atmospheric pressure;
Measurement of sunshine duration and solar radiation; Measurement of wind direction and speed and
relative humidity; Study of weather forecasting and synoptic charts. Visit to Meteorological
observatory, Visit to IMD meteorological observatory-Lay out plan of standard meteorological
observatory. Recording of air and soil temperature.Measurement of radiation and components,
Measurement of rainfall-different types of raingauges, Measurement of wind speed and direction and
atmospheric humidity, Recordingof evaporation.Synoptic charts and weather reports, symbols, etc.

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Practical:
Experiment Topic
1 Site selection for Agromet observatory
2 Measurement of temperatute
3 Measurement of rainfall
4 Measurement of evaporation (atmosphereic/ soil)
5 Measurement of atmospheric pressure
6&7 Measurement of sunshine duration and solar radiation
8 Measurement of wind direction and speed and relative humidity
9 Study of weather forecasting and synoptic charts.
10 Visit of Agrometeorological Observatory.
11 Visit to IMD meterological observatory –Layout plan of standard meterological
observatory.
12 Recording of air and soil temperature.
13 Measurement of radiation and components,
14 Measurement of rainfall-different types of raingauges
15 Measurement of wind speed and direction and atmospheric humidity, recording of
evaporation
16 Synoptic charts and weather reports, symbols etc.

Suggested Reading:
Reference books:
 K. Srivastava and P. K. Tyagi, 2011. Practical Agricultural Meteorology. New Delhi Publishing
Agency, New Delhi.
 D. Lenka, 2006. Climate, Weather and Crops in India. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
 G. S.L. H. V. Prasad Rao, 2008. Agricultural Meteorology. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
 H. S. Mavi and Graeme J. Tupper, 2005. Agrometeorology- Principles and applications of climate
studies in agriculture. International Book Publishing Co. Lucknow.
 H. S.Mavi, 1994. Introduction to Agrometeorology. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
 H. V. Nanjappa and B. K. Ramachandrappa, 2007. Manual on Practical Agricultural Meteorology.
Agrobios India. Jodhpur.
 S. R. Reddy, 1999. Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
 T. Yellamanda Reddy and G. H. Sankara Reddi, 2010. Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi.
 Pattersen, S. 1958. Introductionto Meteorology. Me. Graw Hill BookCo. Inc., New York
 Tailor, J. T. 1967. Agricultural Climatology. Pergman Press Ltd. Headington Hill Hall, Oxford,
Englamd
 Trewarthe, T. G. 1968. AnIntroductionto Climate. Me Graw Hill Book Co. Ine., New York
 Mavi, H. S. 1985. Introductionto Agrometeorology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi.

e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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DEPARTMENT OF BASIC
SCIENCES

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DEPARTMENT OF BASIC SCIENCES

Course No. H/STAT-111 Course Title: Elementary Statistics and

Computer Application
Credits: (2+1) 3 Semester: I
Theory

Definitions of Statistics and its applications in Horticulture, limitations of statistics,

variable, types and sources of data, classification and tabulation of data, construction of
frequency distribution, tables, graphic representation of data, simple, multiple component
and percentage, bar diagram, pie diagram, histogram, frequency polygon and frequency
curve (o give curve) average and measures of location, Arithmetic mean, median, mode,
GM, HM, weighted average, quartile, deciles, percentiles, for raw and grouped data.
Characteristics of ideal measure, merits and demerits of various measures (grouped and
ungrouped data),

Dispersion- Range, mean deviation, quartile deviation, standard deviation and variance, and
respective relative measures (grouped and ungrouped Data), Concept of measures of
Skewness and Kurtosis.

Definitions of population, sample, parameter, statistic, need of sampling, sampling versus

complete enumeration parameter Simple random sampling with and without
replacement.Use of random number tables for selection of simple random sample.

Random experiment, events (simple, compound, equally likely, complementary, independent)

Definitions of probability (mathematical, statistical, axiomatic), addition and multiplication
theorem (without proof). Simple problems based on probability, Random variable, discrete
and continuous random variable, probability mass and density function, definition and
properties of Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions.

Null and alternate hypothesis, types of errors, degrees of freedom, level of significance,
critical region, steps in testing of hypothesis, one sample, two sample and paired ‘t’ test. F
test for equality of variance, Large sample tests for one sample mean, two sample means ‘Z’
tests, Chi-square test of goodness of fit of Mendalian ratios, Chi-square test of independence
of attributes in 22 contingency table.

Test of significance- Definition of correlation, types, scatter diagram. Karl Pearson’s

coefficient of correlation and its test of significance. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
and its applications
Linear regression equations, definition & properties of regression coefficient, constant,
fitting of regression lines with test of significance, comparison of regression and correlation
coefficients.
Introduction to analysis of variance, Assumptions of ANOVA , Principles of designs of
expt., layout and analysis of completely randomized design, Layout and analysis of
randomized block design, Layout and analysis of latin square designs, Factorial experiments,
basic concepts, layout and analysis of factorial experiments up to 3 factors symmetric

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&asymmetric, introduction to split plot design, introduction to Strip plot design, Plot size,
guard rows, long term experiments.
Introduction to computers and personal computers, basic concepts, operating system, DOS
and Windows.
MS Word- Features of word processing, creating document and tables and printing of
document.
MS Excel-Concept of electronic spreadsheet, creating, editing and saving of spreadsheet,
inbuilt statistical functions and formula bar.
MS Power point-preparation, presentation of slides and slide show.
Introduction to programming languages, BASIC language, concepts, basic and programming
techniques.
Visual basic-concepts, basic and programming techniques.
Introduction to internet.

Practical syllabus
Graphical presentation: Construction of frequency distribution table and its graphical
presentation, histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve, cumulative frequency curve
(ogive curve), Bar chart, simple, multiple, component and percentage bar charts, pie chart.
Computations of arithmetic mean, mode, median, GM and HM, quartiles, deciles &
percentiles (grouped and ungrouped data).
Computations of range, mean deviation, quartile deviation, standard deviation and variance
and respective relative measures (grouped and ungrouped Data).
One sample, two Sample and paired t-test. Chi-Square test of Goodness of Fit. Chi-square
test of independence of Attributes for 2x 2 contingency table.
Computations of Karl Pearsons coefficient of correlation with its test of significance,
Spearman’s rank correlation.
Fitting of linear regression equation with test of significance of regression coefficient.
Analysis of completely randomized design and randomized block design.
Operating System : Windows , Practical on Visual basic.
MS Office: Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Writing program in BASIC language,
Internet and multi media.

Teaching Schedule : Theory (2+1)

Lecture Topic Weightage

No. (% )
1-2 Introduction and graphical presentation : Definitions of Statistics and 03
its applications in Horticulture, limitations of statistics,variable, types
and sources of data, classification and tabulation of data, construction of
frequency distribution, tables, graphic representation of data, simple,
multiple component and percentage, bar diagram, pie diagram,
histogram, frequency polygon and frequency curve (ogive curve)

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3-4 Measures of central tendency: Arithmetic mean, mode, median, 04

geometric mean, harmonic mean, weighted average quartiles, deciles,
percentiles,characteristics of ideal measure, merits and demerits of
various measures (Grouped and Ungrouped data)
5-6 Measures of Dispersion: Range, Mean deviation, quartile deviation, 04
standard deviation, variance and respective relative measures (Grouped
and Ungrouped data), Concept of measures of Skewnessand Kurtosis.
7-8 Sampling: Definition of population, sample, parameter, statistic. Need 04
of sampling and various sampling methods, sampling verses complete
enumeration and introduction to simple random, stratified and multistage
sampling methods. Simple random sampling with and without
replacement. Use of random number tables for selection of simple
random sample.
9 Probability: Random experiment, events (simple, compound, equally 07
likely, complementary, independent) Definitions of probability
(mathematical, statistical and axiomatic), addition and multiplication
theorem (without proof). Simple problems based on probability.
10-11 Probability distribution: Random variable, discrete and continuous 09
random variable, probability mass and density function, definition and
properties of Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions.
12 Tests of significance: Null and alternate hypothesis, types of errors, 04
degrees of freedom, level of significance, critical region, steps in testing
of hypothesis, one sample, two sample and paired ‘t’ test.
13 Chi-Square test of goodness of fit of Mendalian ratios. Chi-square test of 04
independence of Attributes for 22 contingency table.
14 Correlation: Definition of correlation, types, scatter diagram. Karl 04
Pearson’s coefficient of correlation and its test of significance.
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and its applications
15 Regression: Linear regression equations, definition & properties of 04
regression coefficient, constant, fitting of regression lines, its test of
significance, comparison of regression and correlation coefficients.
16 Experimental designs: Introduction to analysis of variance,assumptions 05
of ANOVA,Principles of designs of expt., layout and analysis of
completely randomized design.
17 Layout and analysis of randomized block design 04
18 Layout and analysis of latin square designs 04
19-20 Factorial experiments, basic concepts, layout and analysis of factorial 05
experiments up to 3 factors symmetric &asymmetric
21 Introduction to split plot design 04
22 Introduction to Strip plot design 04
23 Plot size, guard rows, long term experiments. 04
24-25 Computer application: Introduction to computers and personal 03
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computers, basic concepts, operating system, DOS and Windows,

26 MS Word- Features of word processing, creating document and tables 03
and printing of document
27 MS Excel-Concept of electronic spreadsheet, creating, editing and saving 03
of spreadsheet, inbuilt statistical functions and formula bar
28 MS Power point-preparation, presentation of slides and slide show. 03
29-30 Introduction to programming languages, BASIC language, concepts, 03
basic and programming techniques,
31-32 Visual basic-concepts, basic and programming techniques and 08
Introduction to internet, Introduction to multi-media and its application
Total 100

Practical schedule
EX.No. Name of Exercise
1 Graphical presentation: Construction of frequency distribution table and its
graphical presentation, histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve,
cumulative frequency curve (ogive curve)
2 Bar chart, simple, multiple, component and percentage bar charts, pie chart
3 Measures of central tendency: Computations of arithmetic mean, mode, median,
4 Measures of central tendency: GM and HM, quartiles, deciles & percentiles
(grouped and ungrouped data).
5 Measures of Dispersion: Computations of range, mean deviation, quartile
deviation,
6 Measures of Dispersion: standard deviation and variance and respective relative
measures (grouped and ungrouped Data).
7 Test of Significance: Problems on one sample, two Sample and paired t-test.
8 Chi-Square test of Goodness of Fit. Chi-square test of independence of Attributes
for 22 contingency table.
9 Correlation: Computations of Karl Pearsons coefficient of correlation with its
test of significance, Spearman’s rank correlation
10 Regression: Fitting of linear regression equation with test of significance.
11 Design of Experiment: Analysis of completely randomized design and
randomized block design.
11 Operating System : Windows
12 MS Office: Word, Excel, Powerpoint
13 Writing program in BASIC language
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14 Writing program in BASIC language

15 Practical on Visual basic
16 Practical on multi-media and internet

Text books

1. A Text book of Agriculture Statistics by R. Rangaswami (2009)New Age

International (P) Limited, Hyderabad
2. Statistics for Agriculture Sciences by Nageshwar Rao G.(2007)New Delhi : BS
Publications
Reference books

1. Statistical methods for Agricultural workers by Panse V.G. Sukhatme P.V. (1985)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi.
2. Statistical Methods by Snedecor GW. & Cochran WG. (1989), Iowa State
University Press.
3. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research by Gomez, K.A. and Gomez,
A.A.(1984) John Wileyand Sons. New York.
4. Fundamentals of Applied statistics by V.K. Kapoor (2007). Sultan Chand and
Sons, New Delhi- 110 002
5. Comdex Computer Kit. by Gupta, V.,(2002). Dream Tech Press, NewDelhi.
6. Working with Windows AhandsonTutorials by Parmar, A. Mathur, N. DeeptiP. U.
and Prasanna, V. B., (2000). Tata McGrawHill Publishing Co., New Delhi.
7. Fundamentals of Information Technology by Bandari,V. B., (2012). Pearson
Education, New Delhi.
8. Fundamentals of Computers. by ITL Education Solution Limited (2011). Pearson
Education- New Delhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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Course No. H/BIOCHEM-111 Course Title: Elementary Plant Biochemistry

Credits: (1+1) 2 Semester: I
Theory:
Carbohydrates: Occurrence classification and structure, physical and chemical properties of
carbohydrates, isomerism, optical activity, reducing property, reaction with acids and
alkalis,ozone formation. Lipids: Classification, important fatty acids and triglycerides,
essential fatty acids. Physical and chemical control of oils, their rancidity, phospholipids,
types and importance.Plant pigments – structure and function of chlorophyll and carotenoids,
sterols, basic structure, role of brassino sterols in plants. Proteins: Classification, function
and solubility, amino acids – classification and structure, essential amino acids, properties of
amino acids, colour reactions, amphoteric nature and isomerism; structure of proteins –
primary, secondary tertiary and quaternary properties and reaction of proteins. Enzymes:
Classification and mechanism of action; factors affecting enzyme action, co-factors and
coenzymes. Vitamins and minerals as co-enzymes/co-factors. Carbohydrate metabolism –
glycolysis and TCA-cycle; metabolism of lipids, fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis of fatty
acids, electron transport chain, bioenergetics of glucose and fatty acids, structure and
function of nucleic acid replication, transcription and translation.
Practical:
Preparation of standard solutions and reagents; Carbohydrates: Qualitative reactions;
Estimation of starch; Estimation of reducing and non reducing sugars from fruits; Amino
acids: Reactions of amino acids; Proteins: Estimation of proteins by Lowry’s method; Fatty
acids: Estimation of free fatty acids; Determination of iodine number of vegetable oils;
Vitamins: Estimation of Ascorbic acid; Techniques: Paper chromatography, Thin layer
chromatography; Isolation of DNA from onions, Electrophoresis of pigments extracted from
flowers, Extraction of oil from oil seeds; Enzymes: Enzyme assay, Enzyme Immobilization.

TEACHING SCHEDULE (Theory)

BIOCHEM-111, Elementary Plant Biochemistry Credits: 2(1+1)

Lect. No. Topic Weightage
(%)
1 History of Biochemistry and scope of Biochemistry in Agriculture. 5
Important Biomolecules – Enlist the Biomolecules and mention
their functions in brief.
2-4 Carbohydrates - Definition, classification and functions. 15
Carbohydrate metabolism- Glycolysis and T.C.A. cycle
5-7 Lipids- Definition, classification and functions. 15
Fatty acids- Definition and classification.
Lipid metabolism - Beta oxidation of fatty acids, biosynthesis of
lipid.
8-9 Proteins-Definition, classification, properties and functions. 15
Amino acids- Definition, classification, properties.
10- 11 Vitamins-Definition, classification, co-enzyme derivatives of water 10
soluble vitamins, sources, metabolic functions and deficiency
disorders of vitamins.
12 Nucleic acids – Definition , types and their hydrolytic products, 7
Watson and Crick double helical structure of DNA.
13 Enzymes-Definition, classification (IUB system), factors affecting 8
enzyme activity.
14 Photosynthesis - Definition, Light and Dark reactions, factors 8

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affecting photosynthesis.
15 Plant pigments - Definition, classification, properties and 10
physiological functions.
Sterols - Definition, classification, properties and physiological
functions.
16 Essential oils - Definition, classification and physiological role, 7
Methods of extraction of Essential oils.
Total 100

TEACHING SCHEDULE (Practical)

BIOCHEM-111, Elementary Plant Biochemistry Credits: 2(1+1)

Practical
Name of the practical
No.
1 Preparation of solution, pH & buffers
2 Qualitative tests for carbohydrates
3 Qualitative tests for amino acids
4 Estimation of reducing sugars by Nelson-Somogyi method from fruit juice
5 Determination of soluble protein by Lowry method
6 Determination of soluble protein
7 Estimation of free amino acids by Ninhydrin method
8 Estimation of total crude fat/oil by Soxhlet method
9 Determination of crude fiber from fruit seeds.
10 Determination of crude fiber
11 Determination of starch by anthrone method potato
12 Estimation of total chlorophyll from okra
13 Estimation of Ascorbic acid in sweet orange
14 Determination of acidity of lemon.
15 Paper chromatography/ TLC demonstration for separation of amino acids
16 Determination of amylase acitivity
Text Books:
1 Bhatia S. C., 1984, Biochemistry in Agricultural Sciences, Shree Publication House, New
Delhi.
2 Purohit S.S. 2009, Biochemistry - Fundamentals and Applications, Agrobios, Jodhpur
3 Singh M. 2011, A Textbook of Biochemistry, Dominant Publishers & Distributors, New
Delhi
4 Veerkumari L. 2007, Biochemistry, MIP Publishers, Chennai
5 Jain J. L. etal 2005, Fundamentals of Biochemistry, S. Chand & Company Ltd. , New
Delhi
6 Rastogi S. C.. 2003 - Biochemistry Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi.
7 Rama RaoA. V. S. S., 2002 A Textbook of Biochemistry. Edition, 9, illustrated.
Publisher, Sangam Books Limited, New Delhi.
Reference Books: (Theory)
1 Com EE &Stumpf PK. 2010.Outlines of Biochemistry.5th Ed. John Wiley Publications.
2 Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet. 2011. Biochemisry, 4th Ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,
NY, USA.
3 Goodwin, TW & Mercer EI. 1983. Introduction to Plant Biochemistry. 2nd Ed. Oxford,
New York.Pergaman Press.
4 David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox.2012. Lehninger Principles of Biochemisry, 6th Ed
.Macmillan Learning, NY, USA
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5 Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, LubertStryer and Gregory J. Gatto,

2002.Biochemisry, 7th Ed. W.H. Freeman and Company, NY, USA
Reference Books: (Practical)
1 Jayaram. T. 1981. Laboratory manual in biochemistry, Wiley Estern Ltd. New Delhi:
2 Plummer D. 1988. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. 3rd ed. Tata McGraw Hill,
New Delhi.
3 Practical biochemistry: R. L. Nath. A treatise on Analysis of Food, Fats and Oils: A. R.
Sen, N.K. Pramanik and S.K. Roy
4 Sadasivam S, Manickam A (1996) Biochemical methods. 2nd edition, New Age
International (p) Ltd. Publisher, New Delhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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Course No. H/BIOT-231 Course Title: Elementary Plant Biotechnology

Credits: (1+1) 2 Semester: III
Theory
Concepts of Plant Biotechnology: History of Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Genetic
Engineering; Scope and importance in Crop Improvement: Totipotency and Morphogenesis,
Nutritional requirements of in-vitro cultures; Techniques of In-vitro cultures,
Micropropagation, Anther culture, Pollen culture, Ovule culture, Embryo culture, Test tube
fertilization, Endosperm culture, Factors affecting above in-vitro culture; Applications and
Achievements; Somaclonal variation, Types, Reasons: Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic
seed production technology; Protoplast isolation, Culture, Manipulation and Fusion;
Products of somatic hybrids and cybrids, Applications in crop improvement. Genetic
engineering; Restriction enzymes; Vectors for gene transfer – Gene cloning – Direct and
indirect method of gene transfer – Transgenic plants and their applications. Blotting
techniques – DNA finger printing – DNA based markers – RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, SSR and
DNA Probes – Mapping QTL – Future prospects. MAS, and its application in crop
improvement. Nanotechnology: Definition and scope, types of nano material and their
synthesis, green synthesis. Tools and techniques to characterize the nano particles.Nano-
biotechnological applications with examples, Nano toxicology and safety.
Practical
Requirements for Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory; Techniques in Plant Tissue Culture;
Media components and preparations; Sterilization techniques and Inoculation of various
explants; Aseptic manipulation of various explants; Callus induction and Plant Regeneration;
Micro propagation of important crops; Anther, Embryo and Endosperm culture; Hardening /
Acclimatization of regenerated plants; Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed
production; Isolation of protoplast; Demonstration of Culturing of protoplast; Demonstration
of Isolation of DNA; Demonstration of Gene transfer techniques, direct methods;
Demonstration of Gene transfer techniques, indirect methods; Demonstration of
Confirmation of Genetic transformation; Demonstration of gel-electrophoricsis techniques.
Green synthesis of nano particles and their size characterization.

Lesson plan - Theory

No. Topic Sub Topics Marks
1. History, scope and importance of History of Plant Tissue Culture and 10
Biotechnology in Crop Plant Genetic Engineering, scope and
Improvement importance in Crop Improvement:
2. Totipotency and Morphogenesis, Definition, Importance of totipotency 8
and morphogenesis.
3. Nutritional requirements of in-vitro General techniques of tissue and cell 8
cultures. culture, Different composition of
culture medium, components of
tissue culture medium, importance of
growth regulator in culture medium
4. Techniques of In-vitro cultures Types of culture, Micro-propagation, 7
Anther culture, Pollen culture, Ovule
culture, Embryo culture, Test tube
fertilization, Endosperm culture
Factors affecting above in-vitro
culture; Factors affecting above in-
vitro culture; Applications and
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Achievements;
5. Somaclonal variation, Introduction, causes, procedure and 10
application in crop improvement.
Manipulation and Fusion; Products of
somatic hybrids and cybrids,
Applications in crop improvement.
6. somatic embryogenesis Types, direct and indirect 8
embryogenesis, factors influencing
somatic embryogenesis and synthetic
seed production technology
7. Protoplast Culture, Introduction, method of protoplast 7
fusion, selection of somatic hybrids
and application of somatic
hybridization.
8. Genetic engineering; Concept, vector and its types 6
Restriction enzymes, Recombinant
DNA techniques – Gene cloning,
Direct and indirect method of gene
6transfer – Transgenic plants and
their applications.
9. Blotting techniques – Types, procedure, Application, 10
advantages and disadvantages.
10. DNA finger printing Introduction, Methodology, DNA 10
based markers – RFLP, AFLP,
RAPD, SSR and DNA Probes –
11. Mapping QTL – Introduction, concept, types,Mapping 8
QTL – Future prospects. MAS
(Marker Assisted Selection), and its
application in crop improvement.
12. Nanotechnology: Definition and scope, types of nano 8
material and their synthesis, green
synthesis. Tools and techniques to
characterize the nano particles.
Nano-biotechnological applications
with examples, Nano toxicology and
safety.
Total 100

Lesson Plan- Practical

Ex. Title
No.
1. General instruction and laboratory methods.
2. Plant tissue culture laboratory organization.
3. Plant tissue culture laboratory equipments and their uses.
4. Dry, Heat and Wet Heat sterilization methods
5. Chemical sterilization, Filtration and UV irradiation.
6. Preparation of solutions
7. Preparation of tissue culture media and their composition
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8. Establishment and maintenance of callus culture from different explants, sub

culture of callus.
9. Production of embryogenic callus
10. Indiect organogenesis: Production of shoots and roots from callus
11. Acclimatization and Hardening
12. Micropropagation with shoot apex culture in different plants (Banana)
13. Demonstration of Gene transfer techniques, direct methods and indirect methods;
14. Demonstration of Confirmation of Genetic transformation;
15. Demonstration of gel-electrophoresis techniques.
16. Green synthesis of nano particles and their size characterization.

Suggested Reading:
Reference books:
Singh, B D, 2004. Biotechnology Expanding Horizons 2nd Edn.Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
Gupta, P.K., 2015. Elements of Biotechnology 2nd Edn. Rastogi and Co., Meerut.
Razdan M K, 2014. Introduction to plant Tissue Culture 2nd Edn. Science Publishers, inc.
USA.
Gautam V K, 2005. Agricultural Biotechnology. Sublime Publications
Thomar, R.S., Parakhia, M.V., Patel, S.V. and Golakia, B.A., 2010. Molecular markers and
Plant biotechnology, New Publishers, New Delhi.
Purohit, S.S., 2004. A Laboratory Manual of Plant Biotechnology 2nd Edn. Agribios, India.
Singh, B.D. 2012. Plant biotechnology. Kalyani publishers, Ludhiana
Bilgrami, K.S. and Pandey, A.K.1992. Introduction to biotechnology. CBS Pub. New Delhi
Gupta, P.K. 1994. Elements of biotechnology. Rastogi Pub. Meerut.
Chahal, G.S. and Gosal, S.S.2003. Principles and procedures of plant approaches breeding
Biotechnological and conventional. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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Course No: H/BOT-111 Course Title : Introductory Crop Physiology

Credits : 1+1=2 Semester: I

Theory
Introduction to plant physiology. Water Relations in Plants: Role of water in plant
metabolism, diffusion and osmosis. Water potential and its components, measurement of
water potential in plants. Absorption of water, mechanism of absorption and absorption of
water in plant. Ascent of sap and theories of ascent of sap. Transpiration Stomata: Structure,
distribution, classification, mechanism of opening and closing of stomata. Factors affecting
transpiration, Osmotic pressure, guttation, stem bleeding. Drought: Different types of
stresses; water, heat, cold and salinity tolerance; mechanism of tolerance. Drought: Different
types of stresses; water, heat, cold and salinity tolerance; mechanism of tolerance. Plant
Nutrition: criteria of essentiality, classification of mineral elemements and its role in plant
metabolism and absorption of mineral elemements. Photosynthesis: definition, structure and
function of chloroplast, Pigment involved in Photosynthesis, nature of light. Light reaction;
photolysis, water emersion effect, cyclic and non-cyclic electron transfer.

TEACHING SCHEDULE (THEORY)

Lecture Topics Weightage
No (%)
1 Introduction to plant physiology 5
2 Water Relations in Plants: Role of water in plant metabolism, diffusion and 5
osmosis
3 Water potential and its components, measurement of water potential in plants 5
4 Absorption of water, mechanism of absorption and absorption of water in 5
plant
5 Ascent of sap and theories of ascent of sap 10
6 Transpiration Stomata: Structure, distribution, classification, mechanism of 10
opening and closing of stomata.
7 Factors affecting transpiration, Osmotic pressure, guttation, stem bleeding. 5
8 Drought: Different types of stresses; water, heat, cold and salinity tolerance; 10
mechanism of tolerance.
9 Plant Nutrition: criteria of essentiality, classification of mineral elemements 5
and its role in plant metabolism and absorption of mineral elemements
10 Photosynthesis: definition, structure and function of chloroplast, 10

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Pigment involved in Photosynthesis, nature of light.

11 Light reaction; photolysis, water emersion effect, cyclic and non-cyclic 5
electron transfer
12 Dark reactions, CO2 fixation , C3, C4 and CAM cycle, advantages of C4 5
pathway and factors affecting photosynthesis.
13 Photorespiration : mechanism and its implications 5
14 Biological nitrogen fixation- mechanism and nodulation and its importance 5
15 Secondary metabolites, types and its importance in plant defense. 5

16 Herbicide : physiology and mode of action and mechanism of herbicide 5

resistance
Total 100

TEACHING SCHEDULE (PRACTICAL)

Lecture Topics
No
1 Study of osmosis
2 Study of water potential by different methods-I
3 Study of water potential by different methods-II
4 Study of root pressure
5 Study of Structure of stomata
6 Study of distribution of stomata
7 Study of opening and closing of stomata
8 Measurement of rate of transpiration different methods- photometer method
9 Measurement of rate of transpiration different methods- bell jar method
10 Study of transpiration pull by Darwings photometer
11 Study of importance of light in photosynthesis.
12 Study of importance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.
13 Separation of chloroplast- a pigment in horticultural crops by solvent extraction method.
14 Measurement of Relative water content.
15 Study of plant movements- positive tropism, negative tropism
16 Study of plant movements- photo tropism,

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Test books &Reference book:

SR Name of Book Author Publisher

Text books
1. A Text Book Plant Dr. V. Verma Emkay Publisher, Delhi-110
Physiology* 051
2. A Text Book Plant c. P. Malik & A. K. Kalyani publisher,
Physiology* 2005 Srivastava Ludhiyana
3. Introductory Plant physiology* G. Roy Noggle & George PHI learning pvt ltd, N.
2013 friz Delhi
4. Plant Physiology* S. N. Pandey & B. K. Sinha Vikas Publishing House,
New Delhi-110 014
5. Experiment in Plant Dayanand Bajracharya Narosa publishing house,
Physiology –A Lab. Manual * panchshil park, N. Delhi
1998
6. Practical Plant Amar Singh Kalyani Publisher, Ludhiana
Physiology*1967
7. Plant Physiology*2005 C. P. Malik Kalyani Publisher, Ludhiana
8. Crop Physiology* C. N. Chore, S. R. Agromet Publisher, Nagpur-
Ghadekar & R. K. Patil 440 010
9. Plant physiology*2010 Taiz & Zeiger, E Sinaur asso.Inc,USA
Reference books:
10. Plant Physiology@ K. N. Dhumal, T. N. More Nirali prakashan, Pune
and M. R. Munnali
11. Plant Physiology Robert M. Devlin & CBS Publisher &
Francis H. Witham Distributors, Delhi-110 032
12. Plant Physiology@ H. S. Shrivastava Rustogi Publications,
Meerut-250 002
13. Plant physiology 2005@ S. Mukharji and A. K. New central book agency,
Ghosh Kolkatta
14. Plant Physiology@1993 S. Chandra Datta Wiley Eastern ltd,
Daryaganj, N. Delhi
15. Plant Physiology – Arvind kumar & S. S. Agrobios ( India ), Jodhpur
fundamentals & applications Purohit
@2005
16. Modern Plant physiology R. K. Sinha Narosa publishing house,
2007@ panchshil park, N. Delhi
17. e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

*Text book & practical book

@Reference book

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Course No. H/ECON-111 Course title: Economics and Marketing

Credits: (2+1) 3 Semester: I
Theory
Nature and scope of economics, definition and concepts, divisions of economics, economic
systems, approaches to the study of economics. Consumption – theory of consumer
behaviour, laws of consumption, classification of goods. Wants – their characteristics and
classification, utility and its measurement, cardinal and ordinal, law of diminishing marginal
utility, law of equi-marginal utility, indifference curve and its properties, consumer
equilibrium. Theory of demand, demand schedule and curve, market demand. Price, income
and cross elasticities, Engil’s law of family expenditure – consumer’s surplus. Theory of
firm, factors of production – land and its characteristics, labour and division of labour,
theories of population. Capital and its characteristics – classification and capital formation.
Enterprises – forms of business organization – merits and demerits. Laws or return – law of
diminishing marginal return – cost concepts. Law of supply – supply schedule and curve
elasticities.Market equilibrium, distribution – theories of rent, wage, interest and profit.Price
determination and forecasting under various market structures. Marketing- definition –
Marketing Process – Need for marketing – Role of marketing –– Marketing functions –
Classification of markets – Marketing of various channels – Price spread – Marketing
Efficiency – Integration – Constraints in marketing of agricultural produce. Market
intelligence – Basic guidelines for preparation of project reports- Bank norms – Insurance –
SWOT analysis – Crisis management.
Practical
Techno-economic parameters for preparation of projects. Preparation of Bankable projects
for various agricultural products and its value added products. Identification of marketing
channel– Calculation of Price Spread – Identification of Market Structure – Visit to different
Markets.

LESSON PLAN
Lesson UNIT- I Weight ages
No.
1&2 Economics:, Meaning -Definition : Adam smith, Marshall, Robbins 8
Subject matter of Economics: Economic activities, (Wants, efforts
, satisfaction ), Traditional view & Modern view & approaches.
3&4 Basic Terms, Goods (Classification, types) utility – Meaning - 8
forms of utility, value, wealth, and Price.
5&6 Consumption – Meaning, types of consumption, Engles law, 4
Standard of living, factors affecting Standard. living, factors
affecting consumption
7&8 Demand – Meaning, definition, kinds of demand, demand schedule, 5
demand curve, Law of demand, exception to law of Demand,
Extension and Contraction, increase decrease in demand.
9 & 10 Elasticity of demand – Meaning, types & methods of measurement 3

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of elasticity of demand ( 3 methods ), factors affecting elasticity of

demand
11 & 12 Supply – Definition, Kinds of supply, Supply schedule, Law of 5
Supply, Extension & Contraction of supply, Increase & decrease of
supply, factors affecting supply.
13 & 14 Elasticity of supply – Meaning, elastic, inelastic supply, 3
Measurement of elasticity of supply & its importance.
15 Production – Meaning, factors of production: Land, Labour, Capital 3
& Management
16 & 17 National Income –Concepts of National Income: GNP, NNP,PI 8
Methods of measurement of National Income its Importance.
18 & 19 Role of Horticulture in the National Income and GDP. 3
Lesson No. UNIT- II Weight ages
20 & 21 Market – Meaning, Definition, Marketing, meaning, definition, 4
Role & scope of Marketing.
22 & 23, 24 Classification of Markets, Marketing functions and its 16
Classification.
25 & 26 Marketing channels – Meaning, and types of marketing channels, 16
price spread- meaning, marketing efficiency, constraints in
marketing of Biotech Products.
27 Market intelligence- meaning and its importance 4
Lesson No. UNIT- III Weight ages
28 Project : Meaning, Definition, types of projects, project cycles 4
29 & 30 Basic guidelines for preparation of project proposals- 4
Introduction, overview of project, project description, technical
feasibility, commercial feasibility, cost estimates, finance
(Requirement), financial feasibility, managerial aspects and
project benefits.
Bank norms, insurance – Definition, meaning, its importance
31 & 32 SWOT – Analysis- Horticultural projects, Crisis management- 2
meaning, importance.
Total 100

PRACTICAL EXCERISE

Ex No Title of Exercise
1 Techno –economic parameters for preparation of Horticultural Projects

2 Preparation of Bankable proposal for Horticultural projects)

3 Preparation of Bankable proposal for Horticultural projects (Statements)

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4 To study different- marketing channels for different Horticultural Products.

5 To study price spread and producer’s share in consumer’s rupee, marketing cost
& margin for different Horticultural Products.
6 To study marketing cost & margin for different Horticultural Products.

7 To study the market structure

8 To study the market structure
9 Visit to various markets in the area
10 Visit to various markets in the area
11 Visit to different market institutions (NAFED, APMC)
12 Visit to different market institutions (Marketing Society)
13 To study SWC, CWC & STC institution (History, objectives, functions &
reference)
14 To study price behavior of Horticultural Products
15 To study the Producer’s Surplus for different Horticultural Products.
16 To study the Producer’s Surplus for different Horticultural Products.

Suggested Reading
Reference books:
H L Ahuja. S. Chand and Company Limited. Advanced Economic Theory. Micro Economic
Analysis.
Chandra P. 1984. Projects: Preparation, Appraisal & Implementation. McGraw Hill Inc.
Dewett, K.K. and Chand, A.1979. Modern Economic Theory. S.Chand and Co., New Delhi
Dewett, K.K. and Varma, J.D. 1986.Elementary Economics. S.Chand and Co., New Delhi.
Gupta RD & Lekhi RK. 1982. Elementary Economic Theory. Kalyani Publishers.
Kotler Philip and Armstrong.Principles of Marketing.Prentice-Hall.
Jhingan, M.L. 2012.Macro Economic Theory. Vrinda publishers, New Delhi .
Kotler Philip and Armstrong.Principles of Marketing.Prentice-Hall.
SS Acharya and N L Agarwal. 2005. Agricultural Marketing in India. Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd
Sampat Mukherjee. 2002. Modern Economic Theory. New Age International.
Subba Reddy, S., Raghu ram, P., Neelakanta Sastry T.V., Bhavani Devi. I., 2010,
Agricultural Economics, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Private Limited, New Delhi
Willium J. Stanton. 1984. Fundamentals of Marketing. Tata McGraw-Hill Publication, New
Delhi.
C.N. Sontakki. Marketing Management.Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
John Daniels, Lee Radebaugh, Brigham, Daniel Sullivan. International Business, 15th Ed.,
Pearson Education
Aswathappa.International Business. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi
Fransis Cherunilam. International Business: Text and Cases, 5th Ed. PHI Learning, New
Delhi.
Prasanna Chandra. Projects. Tata McGraw-Hill Pu blication, New Delhi

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John M. Nicholas. Project Management for Business and Technology – Principles and
Practices. Pearson Prentice Hall
Harold Kerzner. Project Management – A System Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and
Controlling.CBS Publishers & Distributors.
Prasanna Chandra. Projects – Planning, Analysis, Selection, Financing, Implementation, and
Review. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
P. Gopalakrishnan and V.E. Rama Moorthy. Textbook of Project Management. Macmillan.
Suggested Readings:
1. Elementary Economic Theory by K K Dewett and Varma
2. Modern Economic Theory by K K Dewett
3. Agricultural Economics by Reddy S S , Raghuram, P. Neel Kanta Shastri
4. Agricultural Finance and Management by S. Subba Reddy, P. Raghuram
5. Agricultural Marketing in India by S.S. Acharya, N.L. Agrawal
6. Agricultural Project Management by S D Barde, K G Karmakar
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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Course No. H/ECON-362 Course Title: Horti-Business Management

Credits: (2+0) 2 Semester: VI
Theory:

Farm management - definition, nature, characteristics and scope. Farm management

principles and decision making, production function, technical relationships, cost concepts, curves
and functions – factors, product, relationship – factors relationship, product relationship, optimum
conditions, principles of opportunity cost-equi-marginal returns and comparative advantages, time
value of money, economies of scale, returns to scale, cost of cultivation and production, break-even
analysis, decision making under risk and uncertainty. Farming systems and types. Planning –
meaning, steps and methods of planning, types of plan, characteristics of effective plans.
Organizations – forms of business organizations, organizational principles, division of labour. Unity
of command, scalar pattern, job design, span of control responsibility, power authority and
accountability. Direction – guiding, leading, motivating, supervising, coordination – meaning, types
and methods of controlling – evaluation, control systems and devices. Budgeting as a tool for
planning and control.Record keeping as a tool of control.Functional areas of management –
operations management – physical facilities, implementing the plan, scheduling the work, controlling
production in terms of quantity and quality.Materials management – types of inventories, inventory
costs, managing the inventories, economic order quantity (EOQ).Personnel management –
recruitment, selection and training, job specialization.Marketing management – definitions, planning
the marketing programmes, marketing mix and four P’s of marketing. Financial management –
financial statements and rations, capital budgeting. Project management – project preparation
evaluation measures.

LESSON PLAN

Lesson Plan- Theory:

Lecture
Details of Lecture Weightages
No.
Farm management - Definition, Nature, Characteristics of farm 5
1 management, Farm management process, Scope i.e. farm management
research, training and extension and Farm management decisions
Production function-Meaning, Types of production function 8
(Continuous/Dis-continuous/ Short run/ Long run production function),
Forms of production function (Graphic/Algebraic/Tabular). Factor-Product
2-4
Relationships- Meaning, Types of factor product relationships (constant
marginal rate of return/ Decreasing marginal rate of return/ Increasing
marginal rate of return)
Technical Relationships : Relationship between Total, Average and 4
5 Marginal Product, Three regions/stages of production function and its
significance
Cost concept, Curves and Functions : Cost-meaning, categories of cost 5
(fixed cost/variable cost/total cost), Relationship between total fixed cost,
6
total variable cost and total cost, Relationship between average fixed cost,
average variable cost, average total cost and marginal cost

Factor-Factor Relationship : Meaning, Iso-quant curve and its properties, 6

7-10
Types of factor-factor relationship (Fix proportion combination of inputs /
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Constant rate of substitution/ Varying rates of substitution), Iso-cost line and

its properties, Least-cost combination principle ( Methods – Arithmetic/
Graphic/ Algebraic), Isocline, Expansion Path, Ridge line
Product-Product Relationship: Meaning, Production possibility curve, Iso- 6
revenue line and its characteristics, Basic relationship, Types of product-
11-12
product relationship (Joint product enterprises, Complementary enterprises,
Supplementary enterprises, Competitive enterprises).
Principles of farm management : 8
1. Laws of Returns or principle of variable proportions
2. Cost Principle
3. Principle of substitution between input
4. Equi-marginal principle or opportunity cost principle
13-14
5. Principle of substitution between product
6. Principle of comparative advantage
7. Principle underlying decision making involving time and
uncertainty
Economies of scale, Returns to scale
15 Time value of money : Compounding and Discounting 4
Cost of cultivation : Meaning, components, Standard cost concept- Cost 4
16
A,B,C
Cost of production : Meaning, components, cost of production/quintal 4
17
Break-even analysis : Meaning and measurement
18 Decision making under risk and uncertainty : Meaning and types 3
Farming System and Types : 8
Specialized farming, Diversified farming, Mixed farming, Dry farming,
Ranching
Organization :
19-20 Forms of business organization (Systems of farming)
1. Peasant farming
2. Co-operative farming
3. Capitalistic farming
4. Collective farming
5. State farming
Planning : 4
21-22
Meaning, Necessity of planning, Characteristics, Steps, Methods
Types of plan – Simple farm plan and complete farm plan
Division of Labour 2
Unity of command
23-24
Scalar pattern, Job design, Span of control, Responsibility , Power,
Authority and Accountability
Direction: 2
Guiding, Leading, Motivating, Supervising
Co-ordination:
25
Meaning, Types, Methods of controlling
Evaluation:
Control systems and devices
Budgeting: 4
26 Meaning, Types of farm budgeting- Partial or enterprise, total or complete
budgeting

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Record Keeping : 6
Advantages of record keeping,
Types of farm records-
27-28 1. Physical Farm Record- Production record, Labour record, Store
register, feed record etc.
2. Financial Record- Farm inventory, farm financial accounts etc.
3. Supplementary Record- Sanction register, auction register etc.
Functional area of management: 2
Operation management-
29
Physical facilities, implementing the plan, scheduling the work, controlling
production in term of quantity and quality
Material Management: 2
30 Types of inventories, Inventory cost, Managing the inventory, Economic
order quantity (EOQ)
Personnel Management: 6
Recruitment, selection, Training, Job specification
31 Marketing management
Definition, Planning the marketing programme, Marketing mix, Four P’s of
marketing (Product/price/promotion/place)
Financial Management: 7
Financial statement, Rations, Capital budgeting
32 Project management
Project definition, Aspects, Project cycle, Discounted and Undiscounted
measures of project evaluation
Total 100

Reference books:

1) Heady Earl O and Herald R. Jenson,1954, Farm Management Economics. Prentice Hall, New
Delhi
2) S.S. Johl, J.R. Kapur ,2006, Fundamentals of Farm Business Management. Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi
3) Karan Singh and Kahlon A S. Economics of Farm Management in India. Theory and Practice.
New Delhi. Allied
4) L.M. Prasad. 2001. Principles and Practices of Management, 9th Ed. S. Chand & Sons, New
Delhi.
5) Koontz Harold. Principles of Management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education Private Limited, New
Delhi.
6) P.C. Thomas. Managerial Economics, 9th Ed. Kalyani Publishers.
7) K.K. Dewett and M.H. Navalur. Modern Economic Theory. S. Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
8) P. Subba Rao. Human Resource Management. Himalaya Publications.
9) S.P. Jain. Financial Accounting. Kalyani Publications, Ludhiana.
10) Shapiro E. Macroeconomic analysis. Galgotia Publications Delhi
11) Barry P J, Hopkins J A and Baker C B. Financial Management in Agriculture, 6th ed. Danville,
IL Interstate Publishers.
12) Gittiner, J P., Economic analysis of agricultural projects. The John Hopkins University Press
Baltimore, USA, 1982
13) Benjamin Mc Donald P 1985. Investment Projects in Agriculture- Principles and Case studies.
Longman Group Limited. Essex. UK
14) Pandey U K 1990. An Introduction to Agricultural Finance .Kalyani Publishers New Delhi.

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e-reading:http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

Suggested Text Book for Reading:

Sr.
Name of Book Author(s) Publisher
No.
Fundamental of farm Business Johl S. S. and
1 Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
Management Kapur T. R.
Oxford & IBH,
2 Agricultural Economics S. Subba Reddy et al.
New Delhi.
Farm Management :
3 Dhondyal S. P. Friends Publications, Merrut.
An Economic Analyst
Economics of Farm management in Kahlon A. S. and
4 Allied Publishers, New Delhi
India - Theory and Practices Singh K.
Economics of Farm Production and V.T.RAJU and Oxford & IBH,
5
Management D.V.S.RAO New Delhi.
Principles and Practices of Rao, V.S.B, and P.S. Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
6
Management Narayana New Delhi.
Sultan Chand and Sons
Principles and Practices of Educational Publishers, New
7 Prasad, L.M
Management Delhi.

Agricultural Finance and S. Subba Reddy and Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
8
Management P. Raghuram Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.

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Course No. H/EXTN- 231 Course title: Fundamentals of Extension Education

Credits :(1+1) 2 Semester: III
Theory
 Education:Meaning, definition and types – Formal, informal and non formal education
 Extension Education- Meaning, definition, need, scope and process; history, objectives, philosophy,
principles and approaches.
 Programmes of selected leading national and international horticultural institutes : Objectives and Salient
achievements/ Major activities
o Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
o Indian Institute of Spices Research
o Indian Institute of Vegetable Research
o National Horticultural Board
o Coconut Development Board
o The Institute of Horticulture
o The National Horticultural Forum
o Central Institute of Subtropical Horticulture
 People’s participation in Horticulture programmes : Meaning, importance and ways of participation
 Motivation : Meaning, definition, types, importance of motivation
 Rural Development: Meaning, definition, objectives and genesis.
 Transfer of technology programmes : Lab to Land programme (LLP),National Demonstration (ND),
Front Line Demonstration (FLD), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK), Technology Assessment and
Refinement Programme (TARP) of ICAR.
 Communication: Meaning and definition; elements, selected models and barriers to communication
 Extension Teaching Methods and Audio-Visual Aids : Meaning, definition, importance, classification,
media mix strategies; Factors affecting selection and use of methods and aids
 Diffusion and adoption of innovation: Concept and meaning, Attributes of innovation, Innovation decision
process, adopter categories.
 Teaching-Learning Process : Meaning and definition of teaching, learning, Learning experience and
learning situation, elements of learning situation and its characteristics, Principles of learning and their
implication for teaching
 Extension Programme Planning- Meaning, process, principles and steps in programme development
 Evaluation in Extension : Meaning, definition, types of evaluation, monitoring and evaluation
 Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) : Meaning, definition, scope and importance
 Extension administration and management:Meaning and concept, principles, functions and differences
 Capacity building of extension personnel and farmers : Meaning, Training and Education, Types of
training, Training institutes in India, Concept of Human Resource Development
 Leader and Leadership: Meaning, definition, types of leaders, role of leaders in extension work.
 ICT in Extension education, ICT use in rural India.
Practical:
1. Visit to study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of voluntary organizations
2. Visit to study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of voluntary organizations Mahila
Mandal
3. Visit to study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of voluntary organizations Village
Panchayat
4. Visit to study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of voluntary organizations State
Dept. of Horticulture
5. Visit to village to understand PRA techniques and their application in village development planning
6. Exercises on distortion of message
7. Script writing for farm broadcasts
8. Script writing for farm telecasts,
9. Planning, preparation and use of poster
10. Planning, preparation and use of chart
11. Planning, preparation and use of flash cards
12. Planning, preparation and use of OHP transparencies
13. Planning, preparation and use of power point slides.
14. Identification of local leaders to study their role in extension work.
15. Evaluation of some selected case studies of horticulture extension programmes.
16. Preparation of Village Agricultural production plan.
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TEACHING SCHEDULE – Theory

Weightage
Lecture Topic
(%)
Education:Meaning, definition and types – Formal, informal and non formal
1 5
education
Extension Education- Meaning, definition, need, scope and process; history,
2, 3 5
objectives, philosophy, principles and approaches
Programmes of selected leading national and international horticultural
institutes : Objectives and Salient achievements/ Major activities
o Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
o Indian Institute of Spices Research
o Indian Institute of Vegetable Research
4 5
o National Horticultural Board
o Coconut Development Board
o The Institute of Horticulture
o The National Horticultural Forum
o Central Institute of Subtropical Horticulture
People’s participation in Horticulture programmes : Meaning, importance
5 5
and ways of participation
Motivation : Meaning, definition, types, importance of motivation 5
6 Rural Development: Meaning, definition, objectives and genesis 5
Transfer of technology programmes : Lab to Land programme (LLP),
National Demonstration (ND), Front Line Demonstration (FLD), Krishi
7 5
Vigyan Kendras (KVK), Technology Assessment and Refinement
Programme (TARP) of ICAR
Communication: Meaning and definition; elements, selected models and
8 5
barriers to communication
Extension Teaching Methods and Audio-Visual Aids : Meaning, definition,
9 importance, classification, media mix strategies; Factors affecting selection 10
and use of methods and aids
Diffusion and adoption of innovation: Concept and meaning, Attributes of
10 5
innovation, Innovation decision process, adopter categories
Teaching-Learning Process : Meaning and definition of teaching, learning,
Learning experience and learning situation, elements of learning situation
11 10
and its characteristics, Principles of learning and their implication for
teaching
Extension Programme Planning- Meaning, process, principles and steps in
12 5
programme development
Evaluation in Extension : Meaning, definition, types of evaluation,
13 5
monitoring and evaluation
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) : Meaning, definition, scope and
5
importance
14
Extension administration and management: Meaning and concept,
5
principles, functions and differences
Capacity building of extension personnel and farmers : Meaning, Training
15 and Education, Types of training, Training institutes in India, Concept of 5
Human Resource Development
Leader and Leadership: Meaning, definition, types of leaders, role of leaders
5
16 in extension work
ICT in Extension education, ICT use in rural India 5
Total 100

163
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TEACHING SCHEDULE –Practical

Practical Topic
Visit to study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes
1
of voluntary organizations
Visit to study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes
2
of voluntary organizations Mahila Mandal
Visit to study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes
3
of voluntary organizations Village Panchayat
Visit to study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes
4
of voluntary organizations State Dept. of Horticulture
Visit to village to understand PRA techniques and their application in
5
village development planning
6 Exercises on distortion of message
7 Script writing for farm broadcasts
8 Script writing for farm telecasts
9 Planning, preparation and use of poster
10 Planning, preparation and use of chart
11 Planning, preparation and use of flash cards
12 Planning, preparation and use of OHP transparencies
13 Planning, preparation and use of power point slides
14 Identification of local leaders to study their role in extension work
Evaluation of some selected case studies of horticulture extension
15
programmes
16 Preparation of Village Agricultural production plan
Suggested Readings

Text books:
 Sandhu, A.S. (1993).Text book on Agricultural Communication : Process and Methods.
Oxford and IBH Publishing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Reference books:
 Dahama, O.P. and Bhatnagar, O.P. (1980). Education and Communication for
Development. Oxford and IBH Publication Co., New Delhi.
 Supe, S.V. (1997). An Introduction to Extension Education, Oxford and IBH Publication
Co., New Delhi.
 Van den Ban, A.W. and Hawkins, H.S. (1996). Agricultural Extension. Blackwell
Science, INC., Cambridge.
 Kelsey, L.D. and Hearne, G.C. (1963). Cooperative Extension Work, Comstar Publishing
Associate, New York.
 Ray, G.L. (1991). Extension Communication and Management. Noya Prakash, Calcutta.
 Mosher, A.T. (1978). An Introduction to Agricultural Extension, ADC, New York.
 Singh, A.K., Lakhan Singh, R. and Roy Burman (2006). Dimensions of Agricultural
Extension. Aman Publishing House, Meerut.
e-reading:http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

164
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Course No. H/EXTN-363 Course Title: Entrepreneurship Development and

Business Management
Credits: (1+1) 2 Semester: VI

Theory
Entrepreneurship development
 Entrepreneur : Meaning, definitions, characteristics of entrepreneurship,Assessment of entrepreneurship
skills, identifying potential entrepreneurs
 Entrepreneurship development – Concept of entrepreneurship, Process of entrepreneurship development,
 Achievement motivation and entrepreneurship development
 Generation, incubation and commercialization of business ideas and innovations
 SWOT analysis : Concept and technique
 Government schemes and incentives for promotion of entrepreneurship. Government policy on Small and
Medium Enterprises (SMEs/SSIs)
 Supply chain management, Time management and Total quality management
 Market Survey : Meaning, objectives, methods of conducting survey
 Formulation of project, financial analysis of project
 Overview of horti input industry chracteristikcs of Indian horticultural processing and export industry.
Business Communication
 Communication – Meaning and process of communication
 Communication skills for entrepreneurship – Written communication, Verbal communication,Investigating
and analyzing, Planning and Organizing, Negotiating and persuading, Cooperative (Team work),
Leadership and Numeracy
 Developing different skills for entrepreneurship - Leadership Skills, Speaking Skills, Listening Skills,
Organizational skill , Managerial skills, Problem solving skill,
 Writing Skill – Business letter, letters of enquiry, quotation, orders, and tenders, complaint letter
 Oral presentation skills – Preparation, presentation and evaluation
 Advertisements – Meaning, types, forms, functions
Practical
1. Assessing entrepreneur potential
2. Assessment of problem solving ability
3. Exercises in creativity
4. Conducting market survey to know the demands for different products
5. Preparing advertisements for popularization of products
6. News writing
7. Preparing project proposals
8. Individual and group presentations and evaluation of presentation and Telephonic conversation : Rate of
speech, clarity of voice, speaking and listening politeness, telephonic etiquettes
9. Telephonic conversation
10. Conducting meeting – Purpose, procedure, participation, physical arrangements, recording and writing of
minutes of meeting
11. Seminar and conferences : Use of body language
12. Conducting mock interviews – testing initiative, team spirit and leadership
13. Group discussion and debates on current topics
14. Visit to entrepreneurship institute/ case study of successful entrepreneurs
15. Presentations by the students

165
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TEACHING SCHEDULE - Theory

Weightage
Lecture Topic
(%)
Entrepreneur : Meaning, definitions, characteristics of
1 10
entrepreneurship
Assessment of entrepreneurship skills, identifying potential
2 5
entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurship development – Concept of entrepreneurship,
3 5
Process of entrepreneurship development
4 Achievement motivation and entrepreneurship development 5
Generation, incubation and commercialization of business ideas
5 5
and innovations
6 SWOT analysis : Concept and technique 10
Government schemes and incentives for promotion of
7 entrepreneurship. Government policy on Small and Medium 5
Enterprises (SMEs/SSIs)
Supply chain management, Time management and Total quality
8 5
management
Market Survey : Meaning, objectives, methods of conducting
9 10
survey
10 Formulation of project, financial analysis of project 10
11 Communication – Meaning and process of communication 5
Communication skills for entrepreneurship – Written
communication, Verbal communication, Investigating and
12 analyzing, Planning and Organizing, Negotiating and 5
persuading, Cooperative (Team work), Leadership and
Numeracy
Developing different skills for entrepreneurship - Leadership
13 Skills, Speaking Skills, Listening Skills, Organizational skill , 5
Managerial skills, Problem solving skill
Writing Skill – Business letter, letters of enquiry, quotation, orders,
14 5
and tenders, complaint letter
Oral presentation skills – Preparation, presentation and
15 5
evaluation
16 Advertisements – Meaning, types, forms, functions 5
Total 100

166
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TEACHING SCHEDULE –Practical

Practical Topic
1 Assessing entrepreneur potential
2 Assessment of problem solving ability
3 Exercises in creativity
4 Conducting market survey to know the demands for different products
5 Preparing advertisements for popularization of products and news writing
6 Preparing project proposals
7 Individual and group presentations and evaluation of presentation
8 Individual and group presentations and evaluation of presentation
Telephonic conversation : Rate of speech, clarity of voice, speaking and listening
9
politeness, telephonic etiquettes
Conducting meeting – Purpose, procedure, participation, physical
10
arrangements, recording and writing of minutes of meeting
11 Seminar and conferences : Use of body language
12 Conducting mock interviews – testing initiative, team spirit and leadership
13 Group discussion and debates on current topics
14 Visit to entrepreneurship institute/ case study of successful entrepreneurs
15 Presentations by the students
16 Presentations by the students
Suggested Readings:
Text books:
 Mondal Sagar and G.L.Ray (2009). Text Book of Entrepreneurship and Rural
Development. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. ISBN 978-81-272-5599-2
Reference books:
 Akhouri, M.M.P., Mishra, S.P. and Sengupta, Rita (1989). Trainers Manual on
Developing Entrepreneurial Motivation, NIESBUD, New Delhi
 Betty, Gorddan B. (1979). Entrepreneurship, Playing to Win, Taraporewala, Mumbai
 Entrepreneurship Development Institute in India (1987). Developing New Entrepreneurs,
EDII, Ahmedabad, NISIET, Library : 338.93/EDI/87/25104.
 Mancuso, Joseph (1974). The Entrepreneurs Handbook, Vol.I & II, Artech House Inc.
USA.
 Patel, V.G. (1987). Entrepreneurship Development in India and its relevant Developing
Countries, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad, NISIET,
Library : 338.93 (540)/PAT/87/25103.
 Singh, A.K., Lakhan Singh, R. and Roy Berman (2006). Dimensions of Agricultural
Extension, Aman Publishing House, Meerut.

e-reading:http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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Course No. H/HORT- 121 Course Title: Growth and Development of

Horticultural Crops
Credits: (1+1) 2 Semester: II
Theroy
Growth and development-definitions, components, photosynthetic productivity, Canopy
photosynthesis and productivity, leaf area index (LAI) - optimum LAI in horticultural crops,
canopy development; different stages of growth, growth curves, Crop development and
dynamics (Case studies of annual/perennial horticultural crops), growth analysis in
horticultural crops. Plant bio-regulators- auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene inhibitors and
retardants, basic functions, biosynthesis, role in crop growth and development, propagation,
flowering, fruit setting, fruit thinning, fruit development, fruit drop, and fruit ripening.
Flowering-factors affecting flowering, physiology of flowering, photoperiodism-long day,
short day and day neutral plants, vernalisation and its application in horticulture, pruning and
training physiological basis of training and pruning-source and sink relationship,
translocation of assimilates. Physiology of seed development and maturation, seed dormancy
and bud dormancy, causes and breaking methods in horticultural crops. Physiology of fruit
growth and development, fruit setting, factors affecting fruit set and development,
physiology of ripening of fruits-climatic and non-climacteric fruits. Physiology of fruits
under post-harvest storage.
Practical
Estimation of photosynthetic potential of horticultural crops, leaf area index, growth analysis
parameters including harvest index, bioassay of plant hormones, identification of synthetic
plant hormones and growth retardants, preparations of hormonal solution and induction of
rooting in cuttings, ripening of fruits and control of flower and fruit drop. Important
physiological disorders and their remedial measures in fruits and vegetables, seed dormancy,
seed germination and breaking seed dormancy with chemicals and growth regulators.
Teaching Schedule:
Lecture Topics Weightage
No (%)

1 Plant growth and development – definition, components of growth and phases of 5

growth in Horticultural Crops
2 Different stages of growth and growth curve. 5
3 Growth analysis of Horticultural Crops, crop development and dynamics ( case 5
studies of annual/perennial Horticultural Crops)
4 Leaf area index ( LAI ), optimum LAI in Horticultural Crops and canopy 5
development
5 Photosynthetic productivity – Photosynthetic efficiency of C3 and C4 plants. 5
6 Translocation of assimilates – theories of translocation of organic solute, source 10
and sink relationship.
7-8 Plant bioregulators – Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinin, ethylene , inhibitors and 10
retardants, basic functions & biosynthesis.
9 Role of bioregulators in growth and development. 5
10 Role of bioregulators in propagation and flowering, fruit setting. Fruit thinning, 10
fruit development, fruit drop and fruit ripening.
11 Photoperiodism – long day, short day and day neutral plant and vernalization 5

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and its application in Horticultural Crops

12 Physiology of flowering, factors affecting flowering. 5
13 Training and pruning, physiological basis of training and pruning. 5

14 Physiology of fruit growth and development, fruit setting, factors affecting fruit 10
setting and development.
15 Physiology of ripening fruit, climacteric and non-climacteric fruit, Physiology 5
of fruits under post-harvest storage.
16 Physiology of fruit growth and development, fruit setting, factors affecting fruit 10
setting and development.
Total 100

Practical schedule:

Practical Name/Title
1 Estimation of photosynthesis potential of hort. Crops by IRGA
2 Estimation of leaf area & leaf area index in hort. Crops
3 Studies on growth analysis- measurement of growth by using Arc indicator and
auxanometer.
4 Measurement of growth by different growth analysis equations.
5 Determination of harvest index in different hort. Crops
6 Studies on preparation of hormonal solutions.
7 Identification and use of synthetic plant hormone and growth retardant, bioassay of plant
hormone.
8 Studies on PGR in induction of rooting in cutting in hort. Crops.
9 Study of role of PGR in fruit ripening.
10 Study of role of PGR in control of flower drops.
11 Studies of important physiological disorder and their remedial measures in fruit &
vegetables – I Macro elements
12 Studies of important physiological disorder and their remedial measures in fruit &
vegetables –II- Microelements
13 Study of seed dormancy – causes and methods of breaking dormancy with chemicals &
growth regulators,.
14 Study of seed viability testing
15 Study of germination – types of seed germination – factors affecting seed germination
16 Study of germination-methods of seed germination testing.
Text books:
Salisbulry. 2007. Plant Physiology.CBS. New Delhi.
Taiz, L. 2010.Plant Physiology. SINAUR. USA.
Zeiger. 2003.Plant Physiology. PANIMA.New Delhi.UK.
Delvin, R.M . 1986. Plant Physiology. CBS. Delhi.
Richard, N. Arteca. 2004. Plant Growth Substances. CBS. New Delhi.
Jacobs, W. P. 1979. Plant Hormones And Plant Development. Cambridge Univ. London.
Basra, A. S. 2004. Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture & Horticulture.HAWARTH
press. New York.

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Noggle G.R and Fritz T.G. Introductory Plant Physiology

Reference books:
Edward E. Durna. 2014. Principles Of Horticultural Physiology. CABI,
Lincoln Taiz and Eduards Zeiger (5th Edition). Plant physiology
Pandey and Sinha. Plant Physiology
Carl fedtke. Biochemistry and Physiology of Herbicide Action
Aswani pareek, S.K. Sopory, Hans Bohnert Govindjee. Abiotic stress adaptation in plants:
Physiological, Molecular and Genomic foundation
Horst Marschner, Mineral Nutrition of Higher plants
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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Course No. H/EXTN-352 Course Title: Communication Skills and Personality

Development
Credits: (1+1) 2 Semester: V

Theory

 Definition and Basics of Personality.

 Analyzing Strength and Weakness.
 Personality Development : Concept and Process
 Body Language – Meaning, Definition, Use of body language - Gesture, Posture, Eye contact, facial
expression
 Preparation of Self ‐Introduction.
 Communication Skills: Listening, writing, speaking skills
 Communication Barriers; Overcoming these barriers.
 Building Self-Esteem and Self‐ Confidence.
 Attitudes: Meaning, Types - Assertive, Aggressive and Submissive; Positive, Negative, Neutral
 Introduction to Leadership; Leadership Styles; Group Dynamics.
 Team Building : Meaning, Steps
 Interpersonal Communication and Relationship; Use of verbal and non verbal communication
 Conflict Management: Introduction, Levels of Conflict and Managing Conflict.
 Time Management: Concept, Importance and Need, Steps towards better Time Management.
 Public Speaking: Introduction, Increasing Vocabulary, Voice Modulation, Social Graces
 Email and Telephone Etiquettes
Practicals
1. One‐on‐One Sessions for Individual Personality Traits
2. Role Play and Impromptu Conversation/Public Speaking Practice focusing on Body Language;
3. Vocabulary Practices: Developing a repertoire of words in various fields like Agriculture, Politics,
Economics, Family, Personal Grooming etc.
4. Role Play for Self Introduction in the class;
5. Listening to recorded Short
6. Questionnaires for Building Self‐Esteem and Self Confidence;
7. Case Studies based on Development of Attitudes;
8. Case Studies on Leadership Development;
9. Case Studies on Leadership Development;
10. Group Games, Ice breakers, Warm‐ups and Energizers Team Building Activities
11. Practice of Non‐Verbal Communication Skills: Dumb Charades and Dubsmash Practice;
12. Exercise on Mutually Acceptable Proximity; and Eye Contact;
13. Time Management Games to Practice and Experience the Importance of Planning / Delegating Work
among them to properly manage time and complete the task in the shortest time possible;
14. Public Speaking Games: (Introducing a friend with his/her life style; Describing a funny image provided
by the teacher; Continuing a Story starting with one student and others try to continue with it and try to
complete it Take any object available and try to make a commercial for it;
15. Practice of Emails
16. Practice of Emails

TEACHING SCHEDULE - Theory

Weightage
Lecture Topic
(%)
1 Definition and Basics of Personality 5
2 Analyzing Strength and Weakness 5
3 Personality Development : Concept and Process 5
Body Language – Meaning, Definition, Use of body language - Gesture,
4 10
Posture, Eye contact, facial expression
5 Preparation of Self ‐Introduction 5
6 Communication Skills: Listening, writing, speaking skills 10
7 Communication Barriers; Overcoming these barriers 5

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8 Building Self-Esteem and Self‐ Confidence 5

Attitudes: Meaning, Types - Assertive, Aggressive and Submissive;
9 10
Positive, Negative, Neutral
10 Introduction to Leadership; Leadership Styles; Group Dynamics 5
11 Team Building : Meaning, Steps 5
Interpersonal Communication and Relationship; Use of verbal and non
12 10
verbal communication
Conflict Management: Introduction, Levels of Conflict and Managing
13 5
Conflict
Time Management: Concept, Importance and Need, Steps towards better
14 5
Time Management
Public Speaking: Introduction, Increasing Vocabulary, Voice Modulation,
15 5
Social Graces
16 Email and Telephone Etiquettes 5
Total 100

TEACHING SCHEDULE – Practical

Practical Topic
1 One‐on‐One Sessions for Individual Personality Traits
Role Play and Impromptu Conversation/Public Speaking Practice focusing on Body
2
Language
Vocabulary Practices: Developing a repertoire of words in various fields like Agriculture,
3
Politics, Economics, Family, Personal Grooming etc
4 Role Play for Self Introduction in the class
5 Listening to recorded Shot
6 Questionnaires for Building Self‐Esteem and Self Confidence
7 Case Studies based on Development of Attitudes
8 Case Studies on Leadership Development
9 Case Studies on Leadership Development
10 Group Games, Ice breakers, Warm‐ups and Energizers Team Building Activities

11 Practice of Non‐Verbal Communication Skills: Dumb Charades and Dubsmash Practice

12 Exercise on Mutually Acceptable Proximity; and Eye Contact
Time Management Games to Practice and Experience the Importance of Planning /
13 Delegating Work among them to properly manage time and complete the task in the shortest
time possible
Public Speaking Games: (Introducing a friend with his/her life style; Describing a funny
image provided by the teacher; Continuing a Story starting with one student and others try
14
to continue with it and try to complete it Take any object available and try to make a
commercial for it
15 Practice of Emails
16 Presentations by the students

Text books:
Balasubramanian T. 1989. A Textbook of Phonetics for Indian Students. Orient Longman, New Delhi.
Reference books:
1. Balasubrmanyam M. 1985. Business Communication. Vani Educational Books, New Delhi.
2. Naterop, Jean, B. and Rod Revell. 1997. Telephoning in English. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
3. Mohan Krishna and Meera Banerjee. 1990. Developing Communication Skills. Macmillan India Ltd.
New Delhi.
4. Krishnaswamy,. N and Sriraman, T. 1995. Current English for Colleges. Macmillan India Ltd. Madras.
5. Narayanaswamy V R. 1979. Strengthen your writing. Orient Longman, New Delhi.
6. Sharma R C and Krishna Mohan. 1978. Business Correspondence. Tata Mc Graw Hill publishing
Company, New Delhi.
7. Carnegie, Dale. 2012. How to Win Friends and Influence People in the Digital Age. Simon & Schuster.
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8. Covey Stephen R. 1989. The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People. Free Press.
9. Spitzberg B, Barge K & Morreale, Sherwyn P. 2006. Human Communication: Motivation,Knowledge &
Skills. Wadsworth.
10. Verma, KC. 2013. The Art of Communication. Kalpaz.
11. Mamatha Bhatnagar and Nitin Bhatnagar. 2011. Effective Communication and Soft Skills. Person
Education.
12. Meenakshi Raman, Sangeeta Sharma. Technical Communication Principles and Practice
13. Harold Wallace and Ann Masters. Personality Development. Cengage Publishers.
14. Andrea J. Rutherford. Basic Communication Skills for Technology. Pearson Education.
15. Carroll, B.J. 1986. English for College, Macmillan India Ltd. New Delhi
16. Hahn, "The Internet complete reference", TMH
17. Hornby, A.S. 1975. Guide to patterns and usage in English. Oxford University, New Delhi.
18. Qurik, R and Green Baum, S 2002. A University Grammar
e-reading:http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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Course No. H/MIBO-121 Course title: Introductory Microbiology

Credits: (1+1) 2 Semester: II
Theroy
History and Scope of Microbiology: The discovery of micro-organism. Spontaneous
generation conflict, germ theory of diseases, microbial effect on organic an inorganic matter.
Development of microbiology in India and composition of microbial world.
Microscopy and Specimen Preparation : The bright field microscope, fixation, dyes and
simple staining, differential staining. Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cell structure and functions. Types of culture media and pre-curve techniques.
Microbial growth in models of bacterial, yeast and mycelia growth curve. Measurement of
bacterial growth. General properties of viruses and brief description of bacteriophages. DNA
as genetic material. Antibiosis, symbiosis, intra-microbial and extra-microbial association.
Sterilization methods-Physical and chemical, Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of
cultures, Plant growth promoting microorganisms in large scale production and common
microbial fermentations.
Practical
Examination of natural infusion and living bacteria; examination of stained cells by
simple staining and Gram staining. Methods for sterilization and nutrient agar preparation.
Broth culture, agar slopes, streak plates and pour plants, turbid metric estimation of microbial
growth, mushroom culture-Spawn production, Culture and production techniques, harvesting,
packing and storage.
Theory : Teaching Schedule and weightages

Lecture Topics Weightages

No. (Percent)
1 History and Scope of Microbiology 5
2 The discovery of micro-organism. Spontaneous generation conflict, 5
germ theory of diseases
3 microbial effect on organic and inorganic matter. 5
4 Development of microbiology in India and composition of 5
microbial world.
5 Microscopy and Specimen Preparation : The bright field 7
microscope, fixation, dyes and
6 simple staining, differential staining. 8
7 Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic 8
cell structure and functions.
8&9 Types of culture media and pre-curve techniques. Microbial growth 10
in models of bacterial, yeast and mycelia growth curve.
10 Measurement of bacterial growth. 5
11 General properties of viruses and brief description of 8
bacteriophages.
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12 Antibiosis, symbiosis, intra-microbial and extra-microbial 8

association.
13 Sterilization methods-Physical and chemical, Isolation of pure 10
cultures and preservation of cultures
14&15 Beneficial microbes: Plant growth promoters and microbes used 8
for Bio control.
16 Industrially important microorganisms in large scale production 8
and common microbial fermentations
Total 100
Practical

Practical Topics
1 Introduction and use of equipments used in microbiology laboratory.
2 Microscope and microscopy.
3 Structure, Morphology and methods of reproduction of bacteria.
4 Structure, morphology and methods of reproduction in fungi
5 Sterilization and methods of sterilization
6 Media used in culturing micro organisms and Preparation of Broth culture, agar
slopes, streak plates and pour plants,
7 Preparation of Nutrient agar medium
8 Preparation of PDA.
9 Isolation of micro organisms by pore plate method
10 Isolation of micro organisms by dilution plate method
11 Stains and staining. Simple staining of bacteria
12 Gram staining of bacteria
13 Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules.
14 Isolation of Azotobacter from soil.
15 Isolation of phosphate solubilizing micro organisms from soil
16 Maintenance and preservation of microbial cultures
Reference Books:
1. Microbiology –M.J.Pelzar , ECS. Chan and N.R.Krieg Fifth edition tata McGraw Hill
Pub. Co.Ltd.
2. Fundamentals of microbiology- Martin Frobisher 9 th edn W. B. Saunders Co. Ltd.
3. Experiments in microbiology plant pathology and Bio Technology- K. R. Aneja 4th edn
New Age international PVT LTD.
4. Microbiology fundamentals and application- S.S. Purohit 7th edn
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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Course No. H/IT-121 Course Title: Information and Communication Technology

Credits: (1+1) 2 Semester: II
Theroy
IT and its importance. IT tools, IT-enabled services and their impact on society; computer
fundamentals; hardware and software; input and output devices; word and character
representation; features of machine language, assembly language, high-level language and
their advantages and disadvantages; principles of programming- algorithms and flowcharts;
Operating systems (OS) - definition, basic concepts, introduction to WINDOWS and LINUX
Operating Systems; Local area network (LAN), Wide area network(WAN), Internet and
World Wide Web, HTML and IP; Introduction to MS Office - Word, Excel, Power Point.
Audio visual aids - definition, advantages, classification and choice of A.V aids; cone of
experience and criteria for selection and evaluation of AV aids; video conferencing.
Communication process, Berlo’ s model, feedback and barriers to communication.
Lesson/Course Plan-Theory

Lecture Topic Weightage

No. (%)
1 IT and its importance, tools, services and their impact on society 8
2 Fundamentals of computer hardware and software. 8
3 Computer input and output devices; 8
4 Word and character representation 6
5 Features of machine language and their advantages and
4
disadvantages;
6 Features of assembly language and their advantages and
4
disadvantages
7 Features of high level language and their advantages and
4
disadvantages
8 Principles of programming- algorithms and flowcharts 8
9 Operating systems (OS) - definition, basic concepts. 8
10 Types of OS i.e. Windows and Linux 8
11 Internet system such as Local area network (LAN), Wide area
8
network(WAN), Internet and World Wide Web, HTML and IP
12 Introduction to MS Office such as Word, Excel, Power Point 8
13 Audio visual aids - definition, advantages, classification and choice
4
of A.V aids.
14 cone of experience and criteria for selection and evaluation of AV
4
aids.
15 video conferencing 2
16 Communication process, Berlo’ s model, feedback and barriers to
8
communication.
Total 100

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Practical
Exercises on binary number system, algorithm and flow chart; MS Word; MS Excel; MS
Power Point; Internet applications: Web Browsing, Creation and operation of Email account;
Analysis of fisheries data using MS Excel. Handling of audio visual equipments. Planning,
preparation, presentation of posters, charts, overhead transparencies and slides. Organization
of an audio visual programme.

S.N. Practical
1-2 Introduction of binary system
3-4 Analysis of Binary system using algorithms and flow chart
5-6 Introduction to MS Office
7-8 Introduction to internet and World Wide Web
9-10 Preparation of MS- Excel sheet using Fisheries data
11-12 Handling of Audio Visual equipments
13-14 Planning, Preparation and Presentation of Posters, Charts, Overhead
transparencies and slides
15-16 Organisation of Audio Visual Programme.

Suggested Readings:
Reference books:
Gurvinder Singh, Rachhpal Singh & Saluja KK. 2003. Fundamentals of
Computer Programming and Information Technology. Kalyani Publishers.
Harshawardhan P. Bal. 2003. Perl Programming for Bioinformatics. Tata McGraw-Hill
Education.
Kumar A 2015. Computer Basics with Office Automation. IK International Publishing House
Pvt Ltd.
Rajaraman V & Adabala N. 2015. Fundamentals of Computers. PHI.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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OTHER COURSES

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OTHER COURSES

Course No. H/HORT-352 Course Title: Introductory Agro-forestry

Credit hours–(1+1) 2 Semester: V

Theory - Agroforestry – definition, objectives and potential. Distinction between

agroforestry and social forestry. Status of Indian forests and role in India farming systems.
Agroforestry system, sub-system and practice: agri-silviculture, silvipastoral, horti-
silviculture, horti-silvipastoral, shifting cultivation, taungya, home gardens, alley cropping,
intercropping, wind breaks, shelterbelts and energy plantations. Planning for agroforestry –
constraints, diagnosis and design methodology, selection of tree crop species for agro-
forestry. Agroforestry projects – national, overseas, MPTS – their management practices,
economics of cultivation – nursery and planting (Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Tectona,
Populus, Morus, Grewia, Eucalyptus, Quercus spp. and bamboo, tamarind,Casurina
equisittifolia,neem etc.).
Practical- Identification and seeds and seedlings of multipurpose tree species. Nursery
practices for (Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Tectona grandis, Morus alba, Grewia
tiliaefolia, Eucalyptus spp., and bamboo, Tamarindus indica, Azadirachta indica etc.) Visit
to agro-forestry fields to study the compatibility of MPTS with agricultural crops:
silvipastoral, alley cropping, horti-silviculture, agro-silvipasture, fuel and fodder blocks.
Visit to social forestry plantations – railway line plantations, canal plantations, roadside
plantations, industrial plantations and shelterbelts. Rapid assessment of farmers’ needs for
green manure, fodder, fuel wood in selected villages. Economics and marketing of products
raised in agro-forestry systems.

Lesson/Course plan-Theory

Lecture Topic Weightage

No. (%)
1 Agroforestry– definition, objectives and potential. 8
2 Distinction between agroforestry and social forestry. 8
3-4 Status of Indian forests and role in Indian farming systems. 8
5 Agroforestry system, sub-system and practice: agri-silviculture,silvipastoral 8
6 Horti-silviculture, horti-silvipastoral 8
7 Shifting cultivation, taungya, home gardens, alley cropping, intercropping 8
8 Wind breaks, shelterbelts and energy plantations. 8
9-10 Planning for agroforestry – constraints, diagnosis and design methodology 8
11-12 Selection of tree crop species for agro-forestry. 8
13 Agroforestry projects – national, overseas 8
14-15 MPTS – their management practices, economics of cultivation – nursery
and planting (Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Tectona grandis, Morus
alba, Grewia tiliaefolia, Eucalyptus spp.and bamboo, Tamarindus indica,
Azadirachta indica,Casurina equisittifoliaetc.). 15
16 Recommendations of Joint Agresco 5
Total 100

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Practical programme :

Practical No. Topic

1 Identification of seeds and seedlings of multipurpose tree species.
2 Identification of seeds and seedlings of multipurpose tree species.
3 Visit to agro-forestry fields to study the compatibility of MPTS with agricultural crops
4 Visit to agro-forestry fields to study the compatibility of MPTS with agricultural crops
5 Visit to agro-forestry systems: silvipastoral, agro-silvipasture
6 Visit to agro-forestry systems: alley cropping, horti-silviculture
7 Visit to agro-forestry systems: fuel and fodder blocks
8 Visit to social forestry plantations–railway line plantations, canal plantations, roadside
plantations
9 Visit to social forestry plantations – industrial plantations
10 Visit to social forestry plantations – shelterbelts
11 Rapid assessment of farmers needs for green manure, fodder, fuel wood in selected
villages-I.
12 Rapid assessment of farmers needs for green manure, fodder, fuel wood in selected
villages-II.
13 Economics and marketing of products raised in agro-forestry systems.
14 Nursery practices for Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo
15 Nursery practices for Tectona grandis, Eucalyptus spp. Morus alba, Grewia tiliaefolia
16 Nursery practices for Tamarindus indica, Azadirachta indic, bamboo
Suggested Readings:
Text books:
 Chundawat and S K Gautam.1996. A text book of Agroforestry. Oxford and IBH
Publishing company Pvt.Ltd.
Reference Books:
 Chaturvedi,A.N.andKhanna,L.S.1982.ForestlMenstruation.
Reprintedin2006.InternationalBookDistributors,Dehradun.
 Dadhwal et al., 2014. Practical Manual on Agroforestry. Jaya publishing house, Delhi.
 K. Patra, 2013. Agroforestry – Principles and Practices. New India publishing agency.
 L.K. Jha, 2015. Advances in Agroforestry. APH Publishing corporation, New Delhi.
 LedaSatish.2006. BiodieselandJatrophaPlantations. AGROBIOS,Jodhpur.
 Linford, Jenny, 2007. A concise guide to Trees. Parragon books service limited,
Parragon.
 Luna,R.K.1989. PlantationforestryinIndia. InternationalBookDistributors,Dehradun.
 Negi, S.S., 2007. Agroforestry Hand book. International book distributer, New Delhi.
 Negi,S.S.2006. ForestTreeSeed. PrashantGahlotatValleyprintersandpublishers, Dehradun.
 P. Dwivedi, 1992. Agroforestry – Principles and Practices. Oxford and IBH Publishing
company.
 P.S. Pathak and Ram Newaj, 2010. Agroforestry – Potentials and Opportunities.
Agrobios, Jodhpur
 Pankaj Panwar & Sunil Puri, 2007. Agroforestry: Systems & Practices. New India
publishing agency, New Delhi.
 RamachandranNair,P.K.1993. AnIntroductionto Agroforestry. FirstreprintinIndia–2008.
SpringerInternationalEdition
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 Ramesh Umrani and C.K. Jain, 2010. Agroforestry – Systems & Practices. ABD
Publishers, New Delhi.
 Tejawani,K.G.1994. AgroforestryinIndia. Oxford&IBH,PublishingCo.Pvt.Ltd.,NewDelhi.
e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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Course No. H/MAP -351 Course title- Medicinal and Aromatic Crops
Credit hours- (2+1) 3 Semester: V

Theory- History, scope, opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and maintenance of
medicinal and aromatic plants in India. Importance, origin, distribution, area, production,
climatic and soil requirements, propagation and nursery techniques, planting and after care,
cultural practices, training and pruning, nutritional and water requirements. Plant protection,
harvesting and processing of under mentioned important medicinal and aromatic plants.
Study of chemical composition of a few important medicinal and aromatic plants, extraction,
use and economics of drugs and essential oils in medicinal and aromatic plants. Therapeutic
and pharmaceutical uses of important species. Storage techniques of essential oils. Medicinal
Plants: Withania, periwinkle, Rauvolfia, Dioscorea, Isabgol, opium poppy Ammi majus,
Belladonna, Cinchona, Pyrethrum Safed musli, Aloe vera, Pasnpimpali, Wild Brinjal, Arjun,
Behada, Hirdaand other species relevant to local conditions. Aromatic Plants: Citronella
grass, khus grass, flag (baje), lavender, geranium, patchouli, bursera, menthe, Leman grass,
Tikhadi, musk, occimum and other species relevant to the local conditions. Marketing.

Practical- Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Collection of medicinal and

aromatic plants from their natural habitat and study their morphological description, nursery
techniques, harvesting, curing and processing techniques and extraction of essential oils.
Lesson/Course plan–Theory

Lecture Weightage
Topic
No. (%)
1-2 History, scope, opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and 8
maintenance of medicinal and aromatic plants in India.
3-6 Importance, origin, distribution, area, production, climatic and soil
requirements, propagation and nursery techniques, planting and after care, 15
cultural practices, training and pruning, nutritional and water requirements.
7-9 Plant protection, harvesting and processing of under mentioned important 8
medicinal and aromatic plants.
10-11 Study of chemical composition of a few important medicinal and aromatic
plants, extraction, use and economics of drugs and essential oils in 8
medicinal and aromatic plants.
12-13 Therapeutic and pharmaceutical uses of important species. Storage
techniques of essential oils. Medicinal plants and other species relevant to 8
local conditions.
14-16 Withania, periwinkle, Safed musli, Arjun, Behada 8

17-19 Rauvolfia, dioscorea, Aloe vera 8

20-22 Isabgol, opium poppy, Pasnpimpali 8

23-25 Ammi majus, Belladonna, Wild Brinjal 8

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26-28 Citronella grass, khus grass, Cinchona, Pyrethrum and Hirda 6

29-32 Aromatic plants flag (baje), lavender, geranium, patchouli, bursera,

menthe, musk, occimum Leman grass, Tikhadi and other species relevant 15
to the local conditions. Marketing.

Total 100

Practical programme:

Practical No. Topic

1 Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants from their natural habitat.
2 Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.
3 Study of morphological description of medicinal and aromatic plants (Withania,
periwinkle, Safed musli, Arjun, Behada, Rauvolfia, dioscorea, Aloe vera)
4 Study of morphological description of medicinal and aromatic plants (Isabgol, opium
poppy, Pasnpimpali, Ammi majus, Belladonna, Wild Brinjal, Citronella grass, khus grass,
Cinchona, Pyrethrum and Hirda)
5 Study of morphological description of medicinal and aromatic plants (flag (baje),
lavender, geranium, patchouli, bursera, menthe, musk, occimum Leman grass, Tikhadi)
6 Nursery techniques in medicinal and aromatic plants.
7 Harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants (Withania, periwinkle, Safed musli,
Arjun, Behada, Rauvolfia, dioscorea, Aloe vera)
8 Harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants ((Isabgol, opium poppy, Pasnpimpali,
Ammi majus, Belladonna,)
9 Harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants (Wild Brinjal, Citronella grass, khus grass,
Cinchona, Pyrethrum and Hirda)
10 Harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants (flag (baje), lavender, geranium, patchouli,
bursera, menthe).
11 Harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants (musk, occimum Leman grass, Tikhadi).
12 Curing and processing techniques of medicinal and aromatic plants.
13 Curing and processing techniques of medicinal and aromatic plants.
14 Curing and processing techniques of medicinal and aromatic plants.
15 Extraction of essential oils in medicinal and aromatic plants
16 Extraction of essential oils in medicinal and aromatic plants

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Suggested Reading:
Reference Books:
 Atal, E.K. and Kapur, B. 1982. Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal and Aromatic
plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

 Azhar Ali Farooqui and Sreeramu, B.S. 2001. Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic
plants. United Press Limited.

 Chadha, K.L. ICAR, 2001. Hand Book of Horticulture. Directorate of Information and
Publications of Agriculture, Pusa, New Delhi.

 Dastur, J.F. 1982. Medicinal plants of India Pakistan Taraprevala soms and co-private
Ltd, Bombay.

 Jain, S.K. 1968. Medicinal Plants .National Book Trust New Delhi. Oxford & IBH, New
Delhi.

 Kumar, N. J.B.M. Md. Abdul Khaddar, Ranga Swamy, P. and Irulappan, I. 1997.
Introduction to Spices, Plantation Crops Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.Oxford & IBH,
New Delhi.

e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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Course No. H/AGRO-242 Course Title: Introduction to Major Field Crops

Credit hours - (1+1) 2 Semester: IV

Theroy
Classification and distribution of field crops, definitions and concept of multiple cropping,
mixed cropping, intercropping, relay and alley cropping, cultural practices for raising major
cereals, pulses, oil seeds and fodder crops, green manuring, crop rotation.

Practical
Identification of crop plants, seeds and weeds. Preparation of cropping scheme. Application
of herbicides in field crops.

Theory
Sr. No. Topic Weightages
1 Agronomy – Definition, scope and importance, it’s relationship with
other sciences, historical sketch of agronomy.
2 Agro-climatic zones of India and Maharashtra State. National and
International Agricultural Research Organizations in India.
3 Classification of Crops. Origin, geographic distribution, economic
importance of kharif crops
4 Selection of seed, different sowing methods.
5 Tillage- objectives, classification and function of tillage.
6 Cropping Scheme and Cropping System- different types of cropping 25
system: intercropping, mixed cropping, intensive cropping, relay
cropping, Alley cropping etc., definition and advantages with
examples.
7 Crop Rotation - objectives types and advantage.
8 Classification of Manures and Fertilizers, Green Manuring.
9-10 Cultivation of Cereals- Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Pearl millet and
Minor millets 20
11-12 Cultivation of Pulses- Pigeon pea, Green gram, Black gram, Horse
gram, Cowpea, Moth beans 20
13-14 Cultivation of Oilseeds – Ground nut, sunflower, Sesamum, 15
Soyabean, Castor, Niger
15 Cultivation of Fibre crops – Cotton, Jute, Sunhemp, Dhaincha 15
16 Cultivation of Forage crops - Sorghum, Maize, Pearl millet, Cow 5
pea, Napier, Rainfed and Irrigated Grasses

Practical
Identification of crop plants, seeds and weeds. Preparation of cropping scheme. Application
of herbicides in field crops.
Practical :
1 Identification of Field Crops and preparation of crop herbarium.
2 Study of tillage implements and operations.
3 Practice of field preparation, Seed bed preparation and sowing of Kharif crops.

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4 Rice nursery preparation, Practice of puddling and transplanting.

5 Study of seeding equipment’s, Different methods of sowing.
6 Identification of manures, fertilizers and green manure crops.
7 Calculation of seed rate and fertilizers.
8 Effect of seed size on germination and seedling vigour of soybean / groundnut.
9 Effect of sowing depth on germination of different Kharif crops.
10 Study of inter-culture implements and practices, thinning and gap filling.
11 Identification of weeds in Kharif crops.
12 Practice of methods of fertilizer and Herbicide application.
13 Preparation of fertilizers mixture and spray solutions; Compost making.
14 Study of growth and yield contributing characters and yield estimation.
15 Participation in ongoing field operations. Study of crop varieties and important
agronomic experiments.
16 Preparation of calendar of operations of different Kharif field crops.

Suggested Reading:
Reference books:
B. Gurarajan, R.Balasubramanian and V.Swaminathan. Recent Strategies on Crop
Production. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Chidda Singh.1997. Modern techniques of raising field crops. Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Rajendra Prasad. Textbook of Field Crops Production - Commercial Crops. Volume II ICAR
Publication.
Rajendra Prasad. Textbook of Field Crops Production - Foodgrain Crops. Volume I ICAR
Publication.

S.R.Reddy. 2009. Agronomy of Field Crops. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

S.S.Singh. 2005. Crop Management. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
UAS, Bangalore. 2011. Package of Practice. UAS, Bangalore.
Chidda Singh 1983. Modern Techniques
of raising Field crops.Oxford & IBH, Publishing Co., New Delhi
Rajendra Prasad 2002. Text Book of Field crops Production,ICAR, New Delhi.

Reddy, S.R. 2004. Agronomy of Field crops, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

Subhash Chandra Bose, M. and Balakrishnan, V. 2001. Forage Production South
Asian Publishers, New Delhi.

e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

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Course No. : H/AHDS-241 Title – Livestock Production & Management

Credits :- (1+0)1 Semester: IV

Theory
Importance of livestock in HorticultureTerminology used in livestock production and
managementImportant breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat Feeding management and
classification of feedstuffs. Principles of rationingInter cropping of fodder crops under rainfed
Horticulture Inter cropping of fodder crops under plantation cropsHorti-pasture systemsHorti
silvi pasture systems Integrated farming systemsFactors affecting quality and quantity of
milk Methods of milking Clean and hygienic milk production

Lesson/ Theroy plan

Sr. Topic to be covered Contact hr. Weightage
No. %
1 Importance of livestock in Horticulture 1 9
2 Terminology used in livestock production and 1 8
management
3 Important breeds of cattle 1 5
4 Important breeds of buffalo 1 5
5 Important breeds of sheep 1 5
6 Important breeds of goat 1 5
7 Feeding management and classification of feedstuffs. 1 9
8 Principles of rationing 1 8
9 Inter cropping of fodder crops under rainfed 1 4
Horticulture
10 Inter cropping of fodder crops under plantation crops 1 4
11 Horti-pasture systems 1 8
12 Horti silvi pasture systems 1 7
13 Integrated farming systems 1 9
14 Factors affecting quality and quantity of milk 1 3.5
15 Methods of milking 1 3.5
16 Clean and hygienic milk production 1 7
Total 100
Suggested reading / references
Sr. Name of Books Author
No.
Reference books:
1 Farm Animal Management NSR Shastri & C. K. Thomas
2 Sheep, Goat and Pig production and Management Jagdish Prasad
3 Outline of Dairy Technology Sukumar De
4 Crop Management and Integrated Farming S. C. Panda
5 Fodder Production and Grassland Management for D. V. Reddy
Veterinarians.
6 Forage for Sustainable Livestock Production N. Das, A. K. Misra, S. B. Maity
7 Livestock and paultry Production Harban Singh and Moore, E. N.
(1968)

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8 Goat, Sheep and Pig Production and Management Jagdish Prasad, (1996), Kalyani
Publishers 1/1, Rajinder Nagar,
Ludhiana
9 Text Book of Animal Husbandry G. C. Banergee (1999), 9th ed
Oxford and IBH Publishers, New
Delhi.
10 Dairy Bovine Production Thomas, C. K. and Sastri, N. S.
R., Kalyani Publishers,1/1,
Rajinder Nagar, Ludhiana.
11 Text-Book of Buffalo Production Ranjhan, S. K. and Pathak, N. N.
(1979) Vikas, Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd. 576, Masjid Road,
Jangpura, New Delhi.
e-Books
Sr. Name of Books Author
No.
1 Fertility Farming Newman Turner
2 The farm as Ecosystem Tapping Natures Reservoir Jemy Brunethi
3 Training Manual on Integrated Farming System Sanjeev Kumar, Mrs Shivani,
Bhagawati Prasad Bhatt and
K. M. Singh

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LESSION PLAN (Teaching Schedule)

Course No. : H/MATHS-111 Title :Mathematics (Deficiency Course)
Credits : ( 1 + 1 ) 2 Semester:I
Lectur Topic Topic/Topics to be covered in Book Articles/Pag
e No. theory period No. e No. (s)
1 Quadratic equation Definition of quadratic equation 1 111,112,113,
factorization method, and Method 114,115
of perfect square (Statement only)
for solving quadratic equation.
Nature of roots, sum and Product of
roots
2 Mensuration Ordinates & common distance 6 98, 99, 100,
between them. Simpson’s rule 101, 102
statement and its application for
measuring areas of irregular field
and other Illustrations.
3,4 Determinants Definition of second order and third 1 486,487,488
order determinants (Statements) 489,490,491
minors, Expansion of determinant. 492,493,494
Elementary Properties of 495,
determinant (Statement only)
5 Circle Definition of circle, radius, centre, 3 138, 140, 142
Equation to circle, centre and radius 144
form, General equation, its radius
and centre (formulae only)
6,7 Function, Limit Definition of function, Different 4 1.51, 1.52,
types of functions, viz, Algebraic, 1.53, 3.2,
Logarithmic, Trgonometric, 3.21, 3.3,
Inverse, Exponential (Illustrations 3.53, 3.6
only), Definition of limits and
continuity, theorems and standard
limits ( only statements),
8,9 Theorems of Statements of Theorems of 4 4,11, 4,12,
differntiation, chain differentiations, Composite 4,13, 4,21,
Rule, function, Chain Rule, Differention 4,22, 4,31,
Differentiation of of algebraic function x, & n, and 4,32, 4,33,
various types of trigonometric function, Sinx and 4,34
function cosx, List of derivatives of
logarithmic, exponential, other
trigonometric, inverse
trigonometric functions,

Book Recommended: 1. Higher Algebra - by Hall and Knight

2. Plane Trigonometry - 1 - by S.L. Loney
3. Coordinate Geometry - by S.L. Loney
4. Differential Calculus - Shanti Narayan
5. Integral Calculus - Shanti Narayan
6. Mensuration - I - by Pierpoint

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e-reading: http://ecourses.iasri.res.in/

Deficiency course

Course No. BOT-111 Title -Introductory Biology

Credits : ( 1 + 1 ) 2 Semester:I

Theory

Diversity in living world, systematics- objectives of systematics, classification, taxonomy-

taxonomic hierarchy and binomial nomenclature. Biological classification- Plant Kingdom
viz., Monera, Protista, fungi, plantae and Animalia.Kingdom Plantae- Introduction and
classification. Gymnosperms- Definition and classification. Angiosperms- Morphology and
Reproduction of flowering plants.Cell- Plant and Animal cell, classification of cell, cell cycle
and cell division.Biochemistry of cell-Introduction, chemical constituents of cell.Seed
structure and composition- Introduction, major structure, different parts of seed, types of
seed, structure of dicotyledonous (pea)and monocotyledonous seed (maize). Morphology of
flowering plants- Introduction, parts of a typical flowering plants root, shoot and
Inflorences.Plant growth-Seed germination, characteristics of growth, phases of
growth.Genetic basis of inheritance and Mendelian genetics. Photosynthesis- Definition and
structure andfunction of chloroplast. Respiration-Definition and its mechanism.
Biotechnology- Introduction, and its applications.Reproduction in plants-mode of
reproduction.

Practical

Study of vegetative morphology of flowering plants. Study of Reproductive morphology of

flowering plants. Preparation of stains and fixatives. Preparation of microscopic slides of
Mitosis. Preparation of microscopic slides of Meiosis. Method of finding out the gametes and
gametic recombination. Emasculation and dissection of flower.

Lecture Topic Weightage

No.
1 Diversity in living world, systematics- objectives of systematics, 08
classification, taxonomy- taxonomic hierarchy and binomial
nomenclature.
2 Biological classification- Plant Kingdom viz., Monera, Protista, 08
fungi, plantae and Animalia.
3 Kingdom Plantae- Introduction and classification. 05
4 Gymnosperms- Definition and classification 05
5 Angiosperms- Morphology and Reproduction of flowering plants. 08
6 Cell- Plant and Animal cell, classification of cell, cell cycle and 08
cell division.
7 Biochemistry of cell-Introduction, chemical constituents of cell. 05
8 Seed structure and composition- Introduction, major structure, 08
different parts of seed, types of seed, structure of dicotyledonous
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(pea)and monocotyledonous seed (maize)

9 Morphology of flowering plants- Introduction, parts of a typical 10
flowering plants root, shoot and Inflorences.
10 Plant growth-Seed germination, characteristics of growth, phases 04
of growth.
11 Genetic basis of inheritance and Mendelian genetics 05
12 DNA and RNA- as a genetic material. 04
13 Photosynthesis- Definition and structure and function of 05
chloroplast.
14 Respiration-Definition and its mechanism. 08
15 Biotechnology- Introduction, and its applications. 05
16 Reproduction in plants-mode of reproduction. 04
Total 100%

Exercise Title of practical

No.
1& 2 Study of vegetative morphology of flowering plants.
3&4 Study of Reproductive morphology of flowering plants.
5&6 Preparation of stains and fixatives.
7&8 Preparation of microscopic slides of Mitosis.
9 &10 Preparation of microscopic slides of Meiosis.
11 &12 Method of finding out the gametes and gametic recombination.
13&14 Emasculation and dissection of flowers/Hibiscus Sinensis.
15. To demonstrate that the light is necessary for photosynthesis
16. To demonstrate that oxygen is liberated in process of photosynthesis.

Suggested Reading:

1. Verma V. (2013) Botany. Ane’s Student Edition, New Delhi, Ane Books Pvt. Ltd.
2. Dutta A. C. and Dutta T. C. (2014) Botany (For Degree Student) Oxford University
Press, New Delhi.
3. Pandey S.N. and Sinha B. K. (1982). Plant Physiology. Vikas Publishing HousePvt.
Ltd.
4. Singh B. D. (1990). Fundamentals of Genetics, Kalyani Publisher, Ludhiana.

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Course No. H/PHYEDN-121 Title: Physical and Health Education

Credits: (0+1) 1 Semester II

Practical: -
Exercise Topic Weightages
No.
1. Introduction to physical education definition, objectives, scope,
and importance; physical culture; Warming up - General 6
Warming down - General
2. Meaning and importance of Physical Fitness and Wellness;
Physical fitness components -speed, strength, endurance, power, 6
flexibility, agility, coordination and balance;
3. Methods of Training; aerobic and anaerobic exercises; 6
4. weight training, circuit training, 6
5. Interval training, Fartlek training; 6
6. Effects of Exercise on Muscular, Respiratory, Circulatory &
6
Digestive systems
7. Need and requirement of first aid. 6
8. Yoga; Introduction to - Asanas, 7
9. Yoga Instroduction to Asanas 7
10. Yoga Introudction to Pranayam 7
11. Suryanamaskar
6
12. Skill of Volleyball, Rules & Regulation 6
13. Advance Skill of Volleyball, Specific Warming up 6
14. Meditation 6
15. Skill of Athletics, Short Distance running 7
16. skill of Athletics Throwing events 6
Total 100
Practical:

Introduction to physical education definition, objectives, scope, and importance; physical

culture; Warming up - General Warming down – General, Meaning and importance of
Physical Fitness and Wellness; Physical fitness components -speed, strength, endurance,
power, flexibility, agility, coordination and balance; Methods of Training; aerobic and
anaerobic exercises; weight training, circuit training, Interval training, Fartlek training;
Effects of Exercise on Muscular, Respiratory, Circulatory & Digestive systems, Need and
requirement of first aid., Yoga; Introduction to - Asanas,(Practical NO.8& 9) Ashtang
Yoga Steps & meaning, (Yam,Niyam,Asan,Pranayam,Pratyahar, Dharana, Dhayhan
Samadhi) Padmasan, Pavanmuktasan, pashchimottanasan, Dhanurasan, halasan, matsyasam,
shalabhasan, bhujangasan, Matsyendrasan, Vakrasan, Uttanasan, Makavasan, Gomukhasan,
Garudasan, Vrukshasan, Santulasan, Paadhastasan, Trikonasan, Vajrasan, Ushtrasan,
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Chakrasan, Sarvangasan, Shavasan. Yoga Introudction to Pranayam (Practical No.10)

Suryabhudan, (Anulom vilom) Ujjayec, Shitkari, Shitali, Bhastrika, (Kapal bhati) Bhramari,
Omkar. Suryanamaskar, Skill of Volleyball, Rules & Regulation, Advance Skill of
Volleyball, Specific Warming up, Meditation, Skill of Athletics, Short Distance running, skill
of Athletics Throwing events.

Reference Books:

1. O.P. Aneja. Encyclopaedia of Physical education, sports and exercise science (4 volumes).
2. Anil Sharma. Encyclopaedia of Health and Physical Education (7 Volumes).
3. N V Chaudhery, R Jain. Encyclopedia of Yoga Health and Physical Education (7
Volumes).
4. Pintu Modak, O P Sharma, Deepak Jain. Encyclopaedia of Sports and Games with latest
rules and regulations (8 volumes).
5. Edwin F Bryant. Yoga sutrap of Patanjali.
6. Physical Education And Recreational Activities, Deepak Jain Year of Pub.: 2011
7. Dimensions Of Physical Education, Anil Sharma Year of Pub.: 2011
8. Physical Fitness, Vijaya Lakshmi Year of Pub.: 2005
9. Research Process In Physical Education And Sports: An Introduction by K. G. Jadhav /
Sachin B. Pagare / Sinku Kumar Singh Year of Pub.: 2011
10. Sports Training And Biomechanics In Physical Education, Sinku Kumar Singh Year
of Pub.: 2011
11. Test, Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education, P. L. Karad Year of
Pub.: 2011
12. Foundations of Physical Education, Exercise Science, and Sport, Deborah A. Wuest,
Charles A. Bucher

Marking System for All Agriculture Disciplines. - ( Total 100 Marks )

1. Mannual - 20 Marks
2. Asanas - 20 Marks
3. Physical Feetness Test - 20 Marks
4. Games Skills - 20 Marks
5. Presence - 20 Marks

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Course No. H/NSS/NCC-111 Course Title: National Service Scheme/

National Cadetcorps
Credits: (0+1) 1 Semester I

Practical-
Exercise Topic Weightages
No.
1. Introduction and basic components of NSS: Orientation: history, 7
objectives, principles, symbol, badge; regular programmes under
NSS, organizational structure of NSS,
2. Code of conduct for NSS volunteers, points to be considered by 7
NSS volunteers awareness about health
3. NSS programmes and activities 7
Concept of regular activities, special camping, day camps, basis
of adoption of village/slums, conducting survey,
4. Analysing guiding financial patterns of scheme, youth 7
programme/ schemes of GOI,
5. Coordination with different agencies and maintenance of diary 6
6. Understanding youth 6
Definition, profile, categories, issues and challenges of youth;
7. Opportunities for youth who is agent of the social change 6
8. Community mobilisation 6
Mapping of community stakeholders, designing the message as
per problems and their culture;
9. Identifying methods of mobilisation involving youth-adult 6
partnership
10. Social harmony and national integration 6
Indian history and culture,
11. Role of youth in nation building, conflict resolution and peace- 6
building

12. Volunteerism and shramdan 6

Indian tradition of volunteerism, its need, importance, motivation
and constraints;
13. Shramdan as part of volunteerism 6
14. Citizenship, constitution and human rights 6
Basic features of constitution of India, fundamental rights and
duties,
15. Human rights, consumer awareness and rights and rights to 6
information

16. Family and society 6

Concept of family, community (PRIs and other community based
organisations) and society
Total 100

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National Cadet corps (NC)

Practical NCC: Introduction to NCC, defense services, system of NCCtraining, foot drill,
sizing, forming up in three ranks, open and close order march, dressing, getting on parade,
dismissing and falling out, saluting, marching, arms drill, shoulder arm, order arm, present
arm, guard of honour, ceremonial drill, weapon training – rifle bayonet, light machine gun,
sten machine carbine, introduction and characteristic stripping, assembling and cleaning,
loading, unloading and firing. Field craft, visual training, targets, judging distance, fire
discipline and fire control orders, battle craft, field signals, description of ground, section
formation, section battle drill, scouts and patrols, ambush, field engineering, map reading,
conventional signs, grid systems, use of service protractor, prismatic compass and its use,
self-defense, general principles, precautions and training, attacks and counter attacks,
marching and searching, first aid, hygiene and sanitation, civil defense, leadership and NCC
song.

Reference books :-
1. National Service Scheme: A Report, by KhwajaGhulamSaiyidain. Published by Ministry of
Education, Govt. of India, 1961.
2. Training and consultancy needs in national service scheme, by N. F. Kaikobad, Krishan K. Kapil.
Published by Tata Institute of Social Sciences, 1971.
3. National Service Scheme: guide-lines to project-masters, by Andhra University, Dept. of
Sociology & Social Work. Published by Dept. of Sociology & Social Work, Andhra University,
1971.
4. National Service Scheme in Gujarat: An Evaluation Report for the Year 1986-87, by Tata Institute
of Social Sciences Training Orientation & Research Centre (NSS), India, India. Dept. of Youth
Affairs and Sports.Published by The Centre, 1987.
5. National Service Scheme in Maharashtra: An Evaluation Report for the Year 1986-87, by Tata
Institute of Social Sciences Training Orientation & Research Centre (NSS), India, India Dept. of
Youth Affairs and Sports. Published by The Centre, 1988.
6. National Service Scheme in India: A Case Study of Karnataka, by M. B. Dilshad. Published by
Trust Publications, 2001.

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Course No. H/DEG-111 Course Title: Democracy, Elections and Good

Governance
Credits: (1+0) 1 Semester I

Syllabus
Theory

Unit No. 1

Democracy – Introduction meaning, classification, Principles of Democracy,

Dimensions of democracy, Democracy and Diversity Decentralization : concept,
features,Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution, Outcomes of Democracy and
Challenges of Democracy
Unit No. 2
Independent Election Commission in India powers of election commission in
India,Elections to local self Government Bodies, National level, State level,Institutions at the
local level Municipal Cooperation, Municipal Council Nagar Panchayat, ZillaParishad,
PanchayatSamiti, Gram Panchayat : powers duties, Constitutional Provision of 73 & 74
constitutional Amendment Act and Important features of 73 & 74 Constitutional Amendment
Act
Unit No. 3
Good Governance : Concept, meaning,Government & Good Governance, , Good
Governance and India, Nature of G.G. in India,Attributes of Poor Goverance1 and Steps
taken for Good Governance in India.
Teaching Schedule (Theory)
Lecture Topic Weightage
(%)
1 Democracy – Introduction meaning, classification 4
2 Principles of Democracy, Dimensions of democracy 6
3 Democracy and Diversity Decentralization : concept, features, 6
4 Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution 10
5 Outcomes of Democracy, Challenges of Democracy 5
6 Independent Election Commission in India powers of election 8
commission in India
7 Elections to local self-Government Bodies, National level, State 8
level
8 Institutions at the local level Municipal Cooperation, Municipal 8
Council Nagar Panchayat
9 & 10 ZillaParishad, PanchayatSamiti, Gram Panchayat : powers 10
duties
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 197

11 Constitutional Provision of 73 & 74 constitutional Amendment 5

Act
Lecture Topic Weightage
(%)
12 Important features of 73 & 74 5
Constitutional Amendment Act
13 Good Governance : Concept, meaning 5
14 Government & Good Governance, , Good Governance and 5
India, Nature of G.G. in India
15 Attributes of Poor Goverance1 5
16 Steps taken for Good Governance in India 10
Total 100

Suggested Readings:
1) Development and Democrasy in India by Shailendra D Dharma, Publication : Publisher:
Lynne Rienner, Boulder. Year: 2002
2) The Constitution of India, by P. M. Bakshi. Publication:Universal Law Publishing. Edn.:
14th, Year :2017

197
198

198
 199

Rural Horticulture Work

Experience and Expirential
Learning Programme

199
200

200
 201

Placement in Industry

Nursery Production & Management

Sr.No. Course No Course Title Credits
1 IND (H)-472 Nursery Production 0+5=5
2 IND (H)-473 Economics of Horticultural crops. 0+1=1

3 IND (H)-474 Extension education & Rural Sociology 0+1=1

4 IND (H)-475 Integrated Pest and disease Management. 0+2=2

5 IND (H)-476 Soil test & Integrated Nutrient 0+1=1

Management
Total 0 + 10 = 10

Sr. Particulars Department Weightage

No. (%)
1. Survey of Agro Based Industries in the region Horticulture,
Agril.
Economics, 4
Extension
Education
2. Selection of Agro Based Industry Horticulture,
Agril.
Economics, 4
Extension
Education
3. Features and general information of selected Agro Horticulture,
Based Industry Agril. 3
Economics
4. Documentations Required and procedure for Horticulture
4
establishment of selected Agro Based Industry/Unit
5. Management system and Process in selected Agro Horticulture,
Based Industry/Unit Agril.
Economics and 5
other related
fields
6. Identification of critical management areas in Horticulture,
selected Agro Based Industry/Unit Agril.
Economics and 5
other related
fields
7. Human Resource Planning: Forecasting Horticulture,
5
Inventorying, Anticipating Planning, Job analysis. Agril.

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Human Resource Acquisition: Recruitment, Economics,

Selection, Placement, Induction, Socialization. Extension
Human Resource Development: Training, Career Education,
Management, Monitoring and Performance Agril.
coaching, Team building, Compensation Strategy Entomology,
and Award management, industrial relation Agril. Chemistry
and Soil
Science, Agril.
Botany and
other related
fields

8. Resource use management in Agro Based Horticulture and

Industry/Unit. Raw materials, capital, man power, other related
5
machinery and equipment, energy, site. fields

9. Process flow-chart, Technical Aspects Horticulture,

Agril. 5
Engineering
10. Inventory management in selected Agro Based Horticulture,
Industry/Unit. Raw materials, work in process, Agril. 5
finished product. Inventory account and control. Engineering
11. Total quality management in selected Agro Based Horticulture,
Industry/Unit. Operation management, Quality Agril. 5
improvement, Quality assurance, Quality policy Engineering
12. Marketing management in selected Agro Based Horticulture,
Industry. Marketing function management: Agril.
Assembling, Transportation, packaging, storage, Economics,
sale promotion, distribution. Extension 15
Marketing mix strategy: Product strategy, pricing Education,
strategy, distribution strategy, communication
strategy.
13. Supply chain management in selected agro based Horticulture,
industry: procurement, management, distribution Agril. 5
management Economics,
14. Estimation of Cost of Production of selected agro Horticulture,
based industry: Total Variable Cost: Raw Material Agril.
Cost, Fuel Cost, Labour Cost, Transportation Cost, Economics,
Packing cost, other (Light bill, stationary etc.).
Total fixed cost: Land rent, Depreciation, Interest 10
on fixed capital,
Total cost= Total Variable Cost+ Total fixed cost
B:C ratio, liquidity ratio, turnover ratio,
profitability ratio
15. Financial Management of selected agro based Horticulture,
industry Sources of funds, allocation of funds, Agril.
10
financial feasibility, Break-Even Analysis Economics,

16. SWOT Analysis of selected Agro Based Horticulture,

5
Industry/Unit- Strength, Weakness, Opportunities Agril.

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and Threats Economics,

Extension
Education and
other related
fields
17. Summary and Conclusion Horticulture and
other related 5
fields
Total 100

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STUDENTS READY PROGRAMME

Experiential Learning Modules in Horticulture for B.Sc. (Hort.)

1. Objectives
 To develop skill in producing quality planting material of fruit and ornamentals crops
 Commercial production of vegetables
 Demand base large-scale production of cut flowers, cut greens and vegetables
 To acquire skills in Post-harvest management and value addition of fruits and
vegetables
 To develop competence, capability, capacity building, acquiring skills, expertise and
built up confidence among the students to start their own enterprise and turn job
creators instead of job seekers.

2. Justification
The term READY refers to “Rural Entrepreneurship Awareness Development
Yojana”has been proposed by V Dean’s Committee to reorient the agricultural graduates for
ensuring and assuring employability and develop entrepreneurs for emerging knowledge in
the field of horticulture. Horticulture has become a key driver for economic development in
many states of the country but one of the constraints is availability of planting material, poor
yields and low productivity, wider year to year fluctuations and poor quality of produce. The
use of low grade and poor quality planting materials is one of the major causes for low
productivity. This warrants proper planning to increase production and productivity for which
trained skilled human resources development in the field of horticulture are the prime needs
of the hour. Through experiential learning programme on commercial horticulture to develop
competence, capability, capacity building, acquiring skills, expertise and built up confidence
among the students to start their own enterprise and turn job creators instead of job seekers.
The students will produce quality planting material of fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, cut
flowers and processed products of fruits and vegetables.
3. Activity components
a. Survey and risk assessment
b. Sourcing for inputs
c. Production plan
d. Production and quality control
e. Saleable produce
f. Packaging & marketing
g. Financial accounting
h. Profits

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4. Project development
i) Demand assessment :To be obtained from concerned state Horticulture/
Agriculture departments, market need assessment,
hostel mess in nearby area, consumers, housing
societies,
ii) Sourcing of Inputs :Planting material of fruits, vegetables and flowers,
manures, agrochemicals, fertilizers, raw material, etc.
.
iii) Type of products : Nursery plants, vegetables, flowers.
.
iv) Action plan :Production of nursery plants, vegetables, flowers.

v) Funding agencies :ICAR/SAU

vi) Marketing :Housing societies, hotels, local market, college
counter, college mess, sale units etc.
vii) Financial accounting :
5. Faculty responsibilities
 Orientation – introduction, objectives
 Procurement of inputs
 Monitoring, assessment and evaluation
 Arrangement of guest lectures and expert entrepreneurs
 Supervision of production and marketing

6. Evaluation of Experiential Learning Programme

Sl.No. Parameters Max. Marks
1. Project Planning and Writing 10
2. Presentation 10
3. Regularity 10
4. Monthly Assessment 10
5. Output delivery 10
6. Technical Skill Development 10
7. Entrepreneurship Skills 10
8. Business networking skills 10
9. Report writing skills 10
10. Final Presentation 10
Total 100

OR
Sr. No. Parameters Max. Marks
1 Attendance 10
2 Daily diary 10

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3 Work performed
a) Resource management 10
b) Time management 10
c) Review of literature 10
d) Report Presentation 10
4 Examination/Demonstration 20
5 Preparation of project report 10
6 Viva-voce 10
Total 100

OR

Distribution of marks (Subject wise):

Social Plant
Sr. Horti. Total
Particulars Scienc Protection
No. (0+8) Marks
e (0+1) (0+1)
1 Attendance (10%) 40 5 5 50
2 Diary (10%) 40 5 5 50
3 Preparation of project report (10%) 40 5 5 50
4 Practical examination/ Demonstration(20%) 80 10 10 100
5 Work performed (40 %) 160 20 20 200
6 Viva-voce (10 %) 40 5 5 50
Total 400 50 50 500

Module: Commercial Horticulture 481/1/2 (0+10 credits)

Sr. No. Activity Credit hours

a. Nursery Management of Horticultural Crops (0+10)
b. Vegetable production (0+10)
Note: Any one of above module will be offered

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Syllabus
1. Course No. HORT EL-481/1
Title: Nursery Management of Horticultural Crops Credits: 0+10=10
Sr. No. Topics Discipline
1 Importance and scope present status of Horticulture nurseries – Horticulture
in Maharashtra and India.
2 Nursery Act- Legislation/rules, regulation, producer of Horticulture
obtaining license.
3 Planning and layout of nursery Horticulture
4 Maintenance of mother orchards. Horticulture
5 Procurement/preparation of scion material of commercially Horticulture
important varieties Horticulture crops.
6 Selection and raising of roots stocks Horticulture
7 Commercial production of rooted cutting, grafts, layers, seed, Horticulture
bulbs corns, etc. of Horticultural crops.
8 Selection and preparation of scion material of commercially Horticulture
important Horticultural crops
9 Selection and raising of rootstock for different Horticultural Horticulture
Crops.
10 Raising seedlings: vegetable, flower, fruit and ornamental Horticulture
plants.
11 Propagation by cutting of fruits, flowersand ornamental plants Horticulture
12 Propagation by grafting, layering and budding viz. fruit and Horticulture
flower crops.
13 After care nursery plants, viz; watering, nutrient management, Horticulture
use of plant growth regulators and protection against adverse
climate.
14 Disease management Pathology
15 Pest management Entomology
16 Estimation of cost of production of nursery plants. Economics
Entrepreneurship development in nursery, marketing of
nursery plants
17 Visit to different plant nursery unit/Industry. Horticulture
18 Report writing. Horticulture
Note-Quantity of the planting materials to be prepared on commercial basis

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2. Course No. HORT EL-481/2

Title: Vegetable Production Credits: 0+10=10

Sr. No. Topics Discipline

Production technology of vegetables Horticulture
a. Fruit vegetables: Chilli, brinjal, okra, capsicum etc
b. Cole crops: Cabbage ,cauliflower etc
c. Cucurbits: Cucumber, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, ridge
gourd, water melon, musk melon etc
d. Bulb and root crops: Onion, carrot, radish etc
e. Peas and beans: cluster bean, french bean, garden pea,
cowpea etc
f. Leafy vegetables: Fenugreek, palak, shepu, coriander,
amaranthusetc
1 Nursery bed preparation and seed treatment, sowing and after care Horticulture
2 Preparation of main field and layout Horticulture
3 Seedling treatment and transplanting Horticulture
4 Weed management and mulching Horticulture
5 After care, irrigation and nutrition management Horticulture
6 Intercultural operations Horticulture
7 Special horticultural practices Horticulture
8 Application of bio-regulators Horticulture
9 Disease management Pathology
10 Pest management Entomology
11 Harvesting, grading, packing, transport and marketing Horticulture
12 Survey of domestic and market channels for vegetables Economics
13 Estimation of cost of production and marketing of vegetables Economics
14 Visit to commercial vegetable farms Horticulture
Note: Area for each crop should be 5 R as group activity of five students

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3. Course No. HORT EL-482

Title: Protected Cultivation of high value horticultural crops Credits: 0+10=10

Sr. No. Topics Discipline

1 Important, scope and constraints for protected cultivation Horticulture
2 Site of selection and preparation of site for green house erection Agril. Engg.
3 Different types of green-houses/shadenet housesand cladding Agril. Engg.
materials
4 Climatic control devices Horticulture
5 Preparation of media, sterilization and bed preparation Horticulture
7 Irrigation and fertigation Agril. Engg.
8 Production technology of vegetables - Capsicum Cucumber, Horticulture
gourds, melons and tomato
9 Production technology of cut flower crops- Rose, Carnation, Horticulture
Chrysanthemum, Orchids and Gerbera
10 Disease management Pathology
11 Pest management Entomology
12 Harvesting, pre-cooling, grading, packing, transport and marketing Horticulture
of vegetables and flowers
13 Market study, economics of production, cost benefit ratio of above Economics
mentioned vegetables and flowers
14 Visit to commercial green house/shade net projects Horticulture
15 Govt. /NHB scheme, finance and insurance for protected Horticulture
cultivation.
Note: Area for each crop should be 5 R as group activity of Five students

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4. Course No. HORT EL-483

Title: Processing of fruits and Vegetables for value addition Credits: 0+10=10

Sr. No. Topics Discipline

1 Current status and importance of post-harvest technology Horticulture
and value addition of fruits and vegetables
2 Site selection and layout for post harvest unit. Horticulture
3 Sorting, grading and packaging house for fruit/vegetables. Horticulture
4 Identification and use of tools and equipments for post Horticulture
harvest handling and processing
5 Quality standards and procurement of fruits and vegetables Horticulture
packaging of fruits and vegetables
6 Minimal processing Horticulture
7 Processing of aonla- candy, supari and powder Horticulture
8 Processing of banana Horticulture
9 Processing of dried flakes and powder Horticulture

10 Drying of flowers Horticulture

11 Flower bouquets and garlands Horticulture

12 Quality evaluation and spoilage of processed products Biochemistry and

microbiology
13 Working out economics of preparation of products Economics
14 Marketing of minimally processed and processed products Economics
15 Visit to commercial processing units. Horticulture
16 Govt. /NHB scheme, finance and insurance for processing Horticulture
units.
17 Project report Horticulture
Note-Quantity of the products to be prepared on commercial basis

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5. Course No. HORT EL-484

Title: Floriculture and Landscape architecture Credits: 0+10=10

Sr. No. Topics Discipline

1 Current status, importance, constraints/ problems of Horticulture
floriculture and landscape architecture
2 Production technology of major flower crops Horticulture
Marigold
Aster
Tuberose
Gladiolus
Chrysanthemum
Gaillardia
3 Special horticulture practices Horticulture
4 Harvesting, grading, packing and marketing of flowers
5 Working out economics of production of major flower Economics
crops
6 Production technology of ornamental plants, climbers, Horticulture
creepers, shrubs, trees, annuals, bulbs, cacti, succulents,
palms and bonsai
7 Identification of climbers, shrubs, annuals, trees, bulbous Horticulture
plants, cacti, succulents and palms
8 Training and pruning of climbers, shrubs, trees, staking, Horticulture
pinching and bending, etc.
9 Preparation of bonsai, and flower arrangement Horticulture
10 Principles of garden design, type of garden, lawn making Horticulture
and its management,
11 Garden features and adornments Horticulture
12 Utility of trees, shrubs, palms, cycads, climbers in garden Horticulture
and placement in landscape design
13 Layout plans of gardens for different places, Horticulture
14 Indoor gardening, planning and ecotourism Horticulture
15 Selection of ornamental plants Horticulture
16 Landscaping of road side, road divider, railway lines, Horticulture
private buildings, hostels
17 Garden tools and implements, garden features Horticulture
18 Nursery techniques for different species used for Horticulture
landscaping
19 Visit to public parks, garden and nurseries Horticulture
20 Pest management Entomology
21 Disease management Pathology
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