CLASS X SAMPLE PAPER 1 (2017-18)

SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE (087)

SAMPLE ANSWERS

1. Why 1830s were the years of great economic hardship in Europe?

Ans: 1830s were the years of great economic hardship in Europe because of increase in
population, unemployment, migration, price rise, stiff competition in the market and bad
condition of peasants.
OR
What was the ‘bounty programme’?
Ans: The bounty programme was an initiative to pay the price during the rat hunt in the Hanoi
region of Vietnam for each tail given as a proof that a rat had been killed.

2. What are chapbooks?

Ans: In England, penny chapbooks were carried by pedlars and sold for a penny, so that even
the poor could buy them.
OR
What was the main theme of the novels written by Joseph Conrad?
Ans: Joseph Conrad wrote novels which showed the darker side of colonial occupation.

3. Which is the main cause of land degradation in Madhya Pradesh?

Ans: Deforestation

4. How many times did Belgium amend its constitution regarding power sharing?
Ans: Belgium amended its constitution four times between 1970 and 1993.

5. What is meant by double coincidence of wants?

Ans: Double coincidence of wants means owner of good X, say shoes, to find someone else
with good Y, say a bag of wheat, and both being in need of each other’s good.

6. What is meant by trade barrier?

Ans: Tax on imports by the government is called trade barrier. It is called a barrier because
some restrictions have been set up.

7. What do you understand by ‘Consumers International’? When was it adopted?

Ans: At the international level, Consumers International is an umbrella body, which has
become the foundation for consumer movement. It was adopted in 1985.

8. ‘‘Equality before law did not necessarily stand for universal suffrage in Europe.’’ Discuss.
Ans:
The new middle class in Europe advocated the concept of liberalism emphasising the
concept of freedom and equality for all.
But at the same time, this was not visible in the political experiment around Europe. The
right to vote was exclusively with the propertied class, that too only men. Women even with
property rights were excluded from right to vote.
The Jacobins who stood for revolution for equality were also biased on this issue. They
too granted right to vote to all adult male population only.
Napoleon who stood to end privileges too reduced women to the margin of the society with
no political rights. For long did these women and non-propertied male struggled to win
political rights for themselves.
OR

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 “There were two broad opinions on the new education policy introduced by the French in
Vietnam”. Examine.
Ans: The following were the two broad opinions on the new education policy introduced by the
French in Vietnam.
(a) The French wanted to civilise the people of Vietnam. They also needed an educated labour
force. So, they decided to introduce modern education.
(b) At the same time, the question—How much?—haunted the French, as they feared that the
educated Vietnamese would take away their jobs and may question or oppose colonial
domination.

9. How did ideas about science, reason and rationality find their way into popular literature
in the 18th century Europe?
Ans:
In the 18th century the periodical press combined information about current affairs with
entertainment.
Newspapers and journals carried information about wars and trade as well as the news of
development in other places. Similarly, ideas of philosophers now became accessible to
common people.
Ancient and medieval scientific texts were compiled and published, maps and scientific
diagrams were widely printed.
When scientists like Issac Newton began to publish their discoveries, they could influence a
much wider circle of scientific minded readers. .
The writings of thinkers such as Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Rousseau were also widely
printed and read. Thus their ideas about science, reason and rationality found way into
popular literature.
OR
'Novelists like Charles Dickens, wrote about the terrible effects of industrialization on
people's lives and characters'. Do you find something worth learning from the novel Hard
Times by Charles Dickens.
Ans: (a) In the novel words like 'hands' for workers and 'Coketown' for fictitious industrial area
kindled fire of protest in the workers. They could finally demand fixed working hours and
higher wages for them.
(b) The novel draws a grim picture of the workers. The readers could sympathise with them and
help them organise themselves in a group and put forward their demands.

10. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysore, Karnataka, villagers have installed
rainwater harvesting system on the household’s rooftop to meet their water needs.
(a) Why has Gendathur become a very known name?
(b) What values does it generate?
Ans: (a) In Gendathur nearly 200 households have installed this system and have earned the
rare distinction of being rich in rainwater.
(b) Values
• Conservation of water • Self-reliance • Eco-friendly

11. ‘Agriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy.’ Explain the statement by giving three
points.
Ans: Agriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy because :
(a) Two thirds of the population is dependent on agriculture. It generates large scale
employment.
(b) It provides food for teeming millions.
(c) It provides raw materials to many agro-based industries like cotton, rubber, sugar.
(d) Export of agricultural products like tea and spices earns valuable foreign exchange.
(e) It contributes 26% of gross domestic product (GDP). (any three)

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12. If agriculture and commerce are state subjects why do we have ministers of agriculture
and commerce in the Union Government?
Ans:
Although agriculture and commerce are the state subjects, we have ministers of agriculture
and commerce at the union because of the wider prospect of these subjects regarding inter-
state trade. So, a uniform policy has to be legislated.
Secondly, the agricultural and economic experts are part of the Planning Commission. So
we require agricultural and commerce ministers in the Union for policy making.

13. How are social differences based on accident of birth?

Ans: Originally differences are based on accident of birth. Normally, we don’t choose to belong
to our community. We belong to it simply because we are born into it. Like, people around us
are males or females; they are tall and short, have different physical abilities or disabilities. All
are grouped accordingly in different communities.

14. A good democracy is what we think it is and what we wish to make it. Is it democratic for
someone to dictate to us what a good democracy is? List the values of good democracy.
Ans: If someone dictates us what a good democracy is, it cannot be called a democratic
practice. The word dictate has no place in democracy. Democracy allows people to think over it
and express it in every walk of life rather the following a defined path. It is a broader
perspective.
Values learned from good democracy:
(a) Sense of justice and equality
(b) Feeling of tolerance and accommodation towards diversities
(c) Sense of sympathy and empathy
15. What is Human Development Index? Which organization measures HDI? Explain the
three major indicators of HDI.
Ans: Human Development Index is a tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank
countries based on the level of social and economic development. The HDI makes it possible to
track changes in development levels from time to time and to compare development levels in
different countries. The concept of HDI goes beyond income and growth to cover overall
development with the object of improving the conditions of people from all angles.
The organization that measures the HDI is the United Nations.
Three major indicators of the HID are as follows.
(a) Health: Without proper health facilities, no matter how much a country earns, it will not be
able to provide basic facilities to its people.
(b) Education: Over the past few decades, education has become an important factor in leading
a quality life. So, if the country has high income but the literacy rate is low, it cannot be
considered developed.
16. Explain why the supervision of the functioning of formal sources of loans is necessary?
Ans: The supervision of the functioning of formal sources of loans is necessary to check
(a) whether the banks actually maintain the cash balance.
(b) whether the banks give loans not just to profit-making businesses and traders but also to
small cultivators, small-scale industries and small borrowers.
(c) how much banks are lending, to whom and at what interest rate.

17. Explain the three conditions that determine MNCs setting up production in other
countries.
Ans: Generally, MNCs set up their production units keeping the following factors in mind:
(a) Close proximity to the market.
(b) Availability of skilled and unskilled labour at low cost.
(c) Availability of other factors of production.

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18. Explain with three suitable examples the meaning of 'right to be informed' as provided
under Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
Ans: The meaning of ‘right to be informed’ as provided under Consumer Protection Act, 1986
is as follows.
(a) It is the right of the consumer to get information about ingredients used, price, batch
number, date of manufacture, expiry date, address of the manufacturer, etc. of a product.
(b) This information helps the consumers to choose the best product after comparing the
information given for different products. It helps the consumers to use the product effectively.
(c) It complies with the right of the consumers to be informed and to seek remedy through
courts.
(d) Consumers can complain and ask for compensation or replacement, if the product is found
to be defective. Similarly, consumers can protest and complain if someone sells goods at more
than the maximum retail price.

19. Mention the features of the Gudem Hills rebellion? What methods were adopted by the
tribals to gain swaraj?
Ans: The following were the features of the Gudem Hills rebellion.
(a) It was a guerrilla militant movement initiated by Alluri Sitaram Raju against the colonial
misrule.
(b) This rebellion was against preventing the forest people from entering the forests for grazing
cattle, collecting fuelwood and fruits. It denied them their traditional rights over the forests and
affected their livelihoods.
(c) The tribal people were also forced to do begar for road building which enraged the forest
people.

The tribal people took the following steps to gain swaraj.

(a) Alluri Sitaram Raju inspired by Gandhiji and his Non-Cooperation Movement persuaded
people to adopt khadi and give up drinking habits. But, at the same time, he asserted that India
could only be liberated by the use of force.
(b) The Gudem rebels attacked police stations and attempted to kill British officials. They
carried on their guerilla warfare and inflict losses on the British.
OR
How did the Civil Disobedience Movement differ from Non-Cooperation Movement?
Ans: The Civil Disobedience Movement differed from the Non-Cooperation Movement in the
following ways.
(a) Non-Cooperation Movement was launched between 1920 and 1922, while the Civil
Disobedience Movement continued from 1930 to 1934.
(b) The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched because of the anger of Jallianwalla Bagh
tragedy and the Civil Disobedience Movement was launched to protest the arrival of the Simon
Commission.
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement began with the surrender of titles, boycott of British
institutions and goods, whereas Civil Disobedience Movement began with defying and breaking
the colonial laws, like Salt Law.
(d) Non-Cooperation Movement aimed for swaraj or self-government. Civil Disobedience
Movement demanded complete independence or Purna Swaraj.
(e) The Non-Cooperation Movement got the support of almost all sections of the society
whereas Civil Disobedience Movement had many limitations. The dalits, Muslims, industrial
workers and businessmen did not participate fully.

20. 'The Spanish conquest and colonization of America was decisively underway by the mid-
sixteenth century'. Explain with example.
Ans: (a) By the 16th century, Portuguese and Spanish conquest and colonization was underway.
(b) The European conquest was not the result of superior firepower.

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 (c) The most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors was not the conventional military
weapon but the germs of the disease such as smallpox that the conquerors carried on their
person.
(d) Because of their isolation, American inhabitants did not have immunity to the diseases
which came from Europe.
(e) Smallpox proved a deadly killer, Once introduced, it spread into the interior of the continent,
even before the Europeans could reach there. It killed and decimated the people, paving the way
for conquest and colonization.
OR
‘The modern industrialisation could not marginalise the traditional industries in
England.’ Justify the statement with any five suitable arguments.
Ans: The modern industrialisation could not marginalise the traditional industries in England
because of the following reasons.
(a) The new industries could not easily displace traditional industries. By the end of 19th
century itself, less than 20% of total workforce was employed in advanced technological
industrial centres. Textile industry itself produced a large portion of its output not within the
factories, but outside, in domestic units.
(b) In non-mechanised sectors such as food processing, building, pottery, glass work, tanning
furniture making and production of implements, ordinary and small innovations were the basis
of their growth.
(c) Technological changes were not accepted readily by the industrialists. Their growth was
slow as new technology was expensive and often broke down and repairs were costly.
(d) The aristocratic class preferred hand-made items as it defined class and status.
(e) The traditional craftsmen and labour and not a machine operator, was still more popular.
Handmade things were popular, as machines produced mass designs and there was no variety.
For example, human skill produced 45 kinds of axes and 500 varieties of hammers, which no
machine could produce.
OR
Charles Dickens wrote in his book Dombey and Son about the massive destruction in the
process of construction of 'underground'. What did he write? How according to one
newspaper reader, 'Underground' were a menace to health?
Ans: Charles Dickens wrote in Dombey and Son about the massive destruction in the process of
construction.
He wrote:
(a) Houses were knocked down, streets broken through and stopped.
(b) Deep pits and trenches were dug into the ground.
(c) Enormous heaps of earth and clay was thrown up.
(d) There were hundred thousand shapes and substances of incompleteness.
According to one newspaper reader the underground railways were a menace to health because
the compartment in which he travelled was filled with passengers smoking pipes. The
atmosphere was full of mixture of sulphur, coal dust. The gas lamps gave foul smell. By the
time the train reached Moorgate he was nearly dead of suffocation and heat.

21. In which region are most of the jute mills of India concentrated? Why? What are the
challenges faced by this industry? What steps have resulted in the increase of the internal
demands of jute in the recent years?
Ans: Most of the jute mills of India are concentrated in the Hugli basin in West Bengal. It is a
98 km long and 3 km wide belt along the Hugli river.
Following are the main reasons for this.
(a) Proximity to the jute producing areas of Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. West Bengal is the
leading producer of raw jute in the country and provides the mills with the required raw
material.
(b) Abundant water for the processing of raw jute.

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 (c) Cheap water transport, supported by a good network of railways and roadways, facilitates
the movement of raw materials to the mills.
(d) Cheap labour from West Bengal and the adjoining states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.
(e) Banking and insurance facilities available in the city of Kolkata.
(f) Port facilities in Kolkata for the export of jute goods.

Following are the challenges faced by the jute industry in India.

(a) Stiff competition from synthetic substitutes in the international market.
(b) Competition from other jute goods producing countries like Bangladesh, Philippines,
Thailand, Egypt and Brazil.
(c) Decrease in demand for packing materials, jute carpets and high cost of production.
(d) Old and inefficient machinery.
The government has taken several measures to boost the production of jute goods in order to
face the competition from synthetic fibres and from other countries producing jute. In 2005, the
National Jute Policy has been formulated with the objective of expanding quality production
and increase in use of jute. The policy of the mandatory use of jute packaging has resulted in the
increase of internal demand of jute in recent years.
22. ‘Roadways still have an edge over railways in India.’ Support the statement with
arguments.
Ans: Roadways are the most important means of transport in India. India has one of the largest
networks of roadways in the world, aggregating about 2.3 million km. Road transport has
preceded railways and still have an edge over it in view of the ease with which in can be built
and maintained. Other means of transport like pipelines have limited applications and
waterways are localized in rivers and waterbodies, while airways are costly and out of reach of
the common people.
Road transport is more useful than railways on account of the following merits.
(a) Construction and maintenance of roads is much lower than the railways.
(b) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography.
(c) They can negotiate higher gradient of slope and can traverse mountainous regions such as
the Himalayas. They can reach remote villages and hilly regions where railway tracts cannot be
laid.
(d) Roads provide door-to-door service. Thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower.
(e) Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transportation. For example, they
provide a link between railway stations, airports and sea ports.
(f) They link the villages, towns and cities with the railways. They provide linkage between
ports and markets and trading centres. (any four)
OR
What is the significance of airways as a mode of transport? Mention two merits and one
demerit of airways.
Ans: Airways are the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transport in recent
times. They can easily cross over geographical boundaries and vast stretches of seas and oceans.
Airways can negotiate difficult terrain like high mountains, dissected terrain, dreary deserts and
dense forests with great ease, within short period of time. Fast international travel between
countries of the world has been possible because of the development of airways. Airways play a
vital role during natural and man-made calamities like floods, famines, earthquakes, epidemics
and war. They help in rescue operations and provide relief to the people in affected area within
a short time.
Two merits of airways are:
(a) It is the fastest mode of transportation. Thousands of kilometres are covered within a few
hours.
(b) It is the most comfortable mode of transportation.
One demerit of airways is the costliness of transportation because of which it is out of the reach
of common people.

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23. (a) “Politics based on caste identity alone is not very healthy in a democracy.” Give your
opinion.
(b) Which values do you learn?
Ans: (a) If politics brings casteism and caste identity into the political arena, it can divert
attention from pressing issue like poverty, development, and corruption. Thus, in any case this
is not very healthy in a democracy.
(b) Values learnt are–
(i) Sense of equality (ii) Human dignity and freedom
(iii) Promotion of healthy politics

24. “Increase in the number of states or regional parties strengthened democracy in India.”
Comment.
Ans: As India is a federal state, more regional parties mean more influence of state parties in
national politics. Now, regional parties have a say in political policies as they win elections in
their states. In the present political scenario, no single national party has been able to form a
government on its own strength since 1996. Parties had to form alliances with the regional
parties to form a coalition government at the centre. This has broadened the concept of popular
participation and strengthened the federation and democracy in our country.
OR
‘Modern democracies cannot exist without political parties.’ Examine the statement.
Ans: In a democratic set-up, political parties are required because without political parties:
(a) every candidate in the elections will be independent. No promises could be made and the
utility of the government formed will remain uncertain.
(b) no one will be responsible for running the country. Elected representatives will only be
accountable to their constituency.
(c) there will be no agency to gather and present different views on various issues to the
government.
(d) no one will be responsible for bringing various representatives together so as to form a
responsible government.
(e) there will be no mechanism to support the government, make policies and justify or oppose
them.

25. Explain the features of Indian economy.

Ans: The following are the feature of Indian economy.
(a) Underutilization of resources: India is endowed with rich natural resources and huge
manpower but due to lack of capital and knowledge technology, the resources have not been
utilized.
(b) Agriculture—main occupation: The majority of population depends on agriculture due to
underdeveloped manufacturing sector and service sector.
(c) Low rate of capital formation: Capital formation in the form of roads, dams, bridges,
machinery, tools and equipment depends upon the savings of the country. But savings depend
upon the national income, which is very low.
(d) Population pressure: Due to rapidly growing population, the comparative national product is
very low. This restricts the economic development by creating problems of unemployment and
underemployment.
(e) Technological backwardness: Due to lack in technology, production is carried out using
intensive labour. Less of capital, like machinery, tools and equipment, is used as compared to
labour, which hampers productive capacity of the country.
(f) Unfavourable social and religious conditions: In India, there are social and cultural
institutions like caste system, joint family system, laws of inheritance and succession, and child
marriage. These institutions are a serious hindrance to our economic growth. These institutions
kill initiative, check mobility of labour and encourage the birth rate. (any five)

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 OR
How can more employment opportunities be created in the rural areas?
Ans: The following steps can be taken to create more employment in the rural areas.
(a) Loans should be provided to small farmers by the government or bank to have more
irrigation facilities like wells and tube wells in order to enable them to grow second crop.
(b) New dams and canals should be constructed. This will lead to more employment in the
agricultural sector.
(c) Transportation and storage facilities must be improved to provide productive employment to
not only the farmers but also to others in services like transport and trade.
(d) Banks should provide agricultural credit to the farmers for farming to improve.
(e) Industries such as dal mill, cold storage, honey collection centers and processing of
vegetables should be set up in rural or semi-rural areas. Such industries will get raw materials
from the rural areas and will create more employment opportunities for the rural people.
(f) More schools should be opened in rural areas. This will provide jobs to about 20 lakh people
in the education sector.
(g) Health services should be improved by opening dispensaries and hospitals. This will create
jobs for doctors, nurses and other staff.
(h) Tourism, regional craft industry and Information Technology should be encouraged by the
government to create more employment opportunities. (any five)

26. Map Work

27. Map Work
28. Map Work

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