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    4442exercise 3

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    Roy Vesey
    This document contains 5 problems related to particle physics: 1. Derive Maxwell's equations from the Lagrangian density for electromagnetism. 2. Use Dirac gamma matrix anti-commutation relations to show various trace identities. 3. Define chiral projection operators for Dirac spinors and show their significance for electromagnetic and weak interactions. 4. Derive expressions for scattering amplitudes and cross sections of various QED processes involving electrons and muons. 5. Draw Feynman diagrams and calculate kinematic quantities for interactions involving tau, muon, and pion decay.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4442exercise 3

    Uploaded by

    Roy Vesey
    25 views2 pages
    This document contains 5 problems related to particle physics: 1. Derive Maxwell's equations from the Lagrangian density for electromagnetism. 2. Use Dirac gamma matrix anti-commutation relations to show various trace identities. 3. Define chiral projection operators for Dirac spinors and show their significance for electromagnetic and weak interactions. 4. Derive expressions for scattering amplitudes and cross sections of various QED processes involving electrons and muons. 5. Draw Feynman diagrams and calculate kinematic quantities for interactions involving tau, muon, and pion decay.

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    4442 Particle Physics Exercise 3 (UCL)

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    4442exercise_3

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    This document contains 5 problems related to particle physics: 1. Derive Maxwell's equations from the Lagrangian density for electromagnetism. 2. Use Dirac gamma matrix anti-commutation relations to show various trace identities. 3. Define chiral projection operators for Dirac spinors and show their significance for electromagnetic and weak interactions. 4. Derive expressions for scattering amplitudes and cross sections of various QED processes involving electrons and muons. 5. Draw Feynman diagrams and calculate kinematic quantities for interactions involving tau, muon, and pion decay.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views2 pages

    4442exercise 3

    Uploaded by

    Roy Vesey
    This document contains 5 problems related to particle physics: 1. Derive Maxwell's equations from the Lagrangian density for electromagnetism. 2. Use Dirac gamma matrix anti-commutation relations to show various trace identities. 3. Define chiral projection operators for Dirac spinors and show their significance for electromagnetic and weak interactions. 4. Derive expressions for scattering amplitudes and cross sections of various QED processes involving electrons and muons. 5. Draw Feynman diagrams and calculate kinematic quantities for interactions involving tau, muon, and pion decay.

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    PHASM/G 442 : 2013 : Problem Sheet 3

    Please return to Prof. Saakyan before 5pm on the December 12th 2013

    1. Use the Euler-Lagrange equation:


    !
    ∂L ∂L
    ∂µ − =0
    ∂(∂µ φ) ∂φ

    for φ = Aν and the Lagrangian density,

    L = − 14 Fµν F µν − jµ Aµ ,

    to get Maxwell’s equations:


    ∂µ F µν = j ν ,
    where F µν = ∂ µ Aν − ∂ ν Aµ .
    ∂(ab) ∂b ∂a
    You need to multiply everything out and then use the chain rule i.e. ∂x
    = a ∂x + b ∂x
    and the following “standard” tricks:

    • X ν = g νβ Xβ
    • Xν Y ν = Xν g νβ Yβ = Xβ g βν Yν = Xβ Y β
    • ∂µ Xν g να ∂α g µβ Xβ = ∂ν Xµ g µα ∂α g νβ Xβ ( i.e. indices are dummy so can interchange
    all ν and µ)
    • ∂µ Xν ∂(∂ ν Xµ )
    ∂(∂µ Xν )
    = ∂ν Xµ : obvious(!); check: multiply out & swap µ for ν on LHS

    2. Use the anti-commutation relations of the Dirac γ matrices

    {γ µ , γ ν } = 2g µν

    to show the following.

    (a) T r[γ µ γ ν ] = 4g µν
    (b) T r[γ µ γ ν γ ρ γ σ ] = 4(g µν g ρσ − g µρ g νσ + g µσ g νρ )
    (c) T r[odd number γ] = 0

    3. The chiral projection operators for Dirac spinors, u, are defined as:

    uL = 12 (1 − γ 5 )u
    uR = 21 (1 + γ 5 )u
    uL = u 12 (1 + γ 5 )
    uR = u 12 (1 − γ 5 )

    (a) Show that uγ µ u = uL γ µ uL + uR γ µ uR and interpret the significance of this result for
    electromagnetic interactions.
    (b) Show that u 12 γ µ (1 − γ 5 ) u = uL γ µ uL and interpret the significance of this result for
    weak interactions.

    1
    4. (a) Draw the leading order Feynman diagrams for the QED processes: e− +e+ → µ− +µ+
    and e− + µ− → e− + µ− .

    In the relativistic regime the invariant amplitude for the e− + µ− → e− + µ− may


    be written as

    2 8e4
    |M| = [(P3 · P4 )(P1 · P2 ) + (P3 · P2 )(P1 · P4 )],
    (P1 − P3 )4

    where the the incoming electron has a four-momentum P1 , the incoming muon has
    P2 , the outgoing electron has P3 and the outgoing muon has P4 .

    (b) Show that this may be written in terms of the Mandlestam variables s = (P1 + P2 )2 ,
    t = (P1 − P3 )2 and u = (P1 − P4 )2 as
    2
    2 4s + u2
    |M| = 2e .
    t2

    (c) Use the similarities between the two processes in (a) to derive an expression for |M|2
    of e− + e+ → µ− + µ+ in terms of s, t and u.
    (d) In the centre of mass frame the invariant amplitude can be related to the differential
    cross-section by:
    dσ 1
    = |M|2 .
    dΩ 64π 2 s
    Show that for e− + e+ → µ− + µ+ :

    dσ α2
    = (1 + cos2 θ)
    dΩ 4s
    e2
    where α = 4π
    .
    (e) In reality the angular distribution of e− +e+ → µ− +µ+ is not completely symmetric.
    Explain why this is the case and estimate the percentage asymmetry at a centre of
    mass energy of 20 GeV.

    5. (a) Draw the Feynman diagram producing a τ − from an interaction of a ντ and an


    electron.
    (b) What is the minimum energy of the ντ incident on a stationary electron required to
    produce a τ − in the limit that the outgoing neutrino energy, Eν , is zero?
    (c) Consider the decay π − → µ− ν µ , where the µ− and ν µ both emerge at an angle of
    the original π − direction. If the π − has an energy defined by a
    300 with respect to √
    Lorentz γ factor of 3, show that the minimum energy of the ν µ , Eν , is given by:

    Eν = √1 (mπ − mµ ) ,
    3

    where mπ and mµ are the rest-masses of the π − and µ− respectively.


    (d) Draw a diagram illustrating the spin and momentum vectors of the µ− and ν µ from
    the decay of a π − at rest. Explain briefly why this decay mode is preferred over the
    decay π − → e− ν e .

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