Bank Branch Statutory Audit

24th March, 2011
BANK BRANCH STATUTORY

AUDIT –
(SHALIMAR BAGH, CPE STUDY

CIRCLE)
1
CA.S.K Dalmia
Bansal Dalmia & Co.
Ph: 98112 16310
bdc_ca2003@yahoo.co.in
Skd@bansaldalmia.com
Friends, this is an era of technology. Whatever we
are going to present you is not a new invention but
the result of the technology of copy & paste.
2
'BEFORE WE START SOME WORK,
ALWAYS ASK OURSELVES THREE
QUESTIONS :-
|Why am I doing it,

| What the results might be and
| Will I be successful.
| Only when we think deeply and find

satisfactory answers to these questions, we
should go ahead.'
| Chanakya quotes (Indian politician, strategist and writer,

350 BC-275 BC)
3
AUDIT OF BANK BRANCHES
Section 228(1) ; Where the co. has a

branch office, the accounts of that
office shall be audited by :
I.Company’s Auditor appointed u/s
224
II.A person qualified for
appointment u/s 226 (Disqualification –
Other Assignments, Indebtedness – Credit
Cards, Loans, Guarantees)
Companies (Branch Audit Exemption) Rules,

1961
4
THE BANKING REGULATION ACT ,
1949
Section 29 – Accounts and Balance Sheet

– The Form and Content of FS
Third Schedule
Form-A - Balance Sheet

Form-B – P&L
Section 30 – Audit
Section 31 – Submission of Returns
5
BANK BRANCH AUDIT IMPORTANT
PUBLICATIONS
| ICAI Guidance Note
| NIRC Publication
| RBI Master Circular
| Third schedule to the Banking Regulation Act,

1949 :
¾ Form A – B/S
¾ Form B – P&L
6
GUIDANCE NOTE ON AUDIT OF
BANKS
Published by ICAI New Delhi
Ist
Edition November 1994
VIth Edition February 2009
VII th Edition March 2011
7
GUIDANCE NOTE ON AUDIT OF BANKS
(2011 EDITION)
| The AASB has recently brought out the 2011

edition of the Guidance Note on Audit of Banks.
| It incorporates important regulatory changes
made by RBI through Master & General
circulars.
| Effects of revised Standards on Auditing
incorporated.
| Appendices to GN contain the formats of EL, AR,
WR, AP etc.
| Price – Rs. 750
| Available – ICAI/Regional office/ Branch 8

GUIDANCE ON AUDIT OF BANKS
(2009 EDITION)
• Part I – Knowledge of the Banking Industry : Banking in India, Legal,

Accounting & Auditing Framework and Accounting System
• Part II - Risk Assessment & Internal Control : Initial Considerations, Risk

Assessment & IC and Special Considerations in a CIS
Environment
• Part III - Item of Bank’s Financial Statements and Auditing aspects :

Advances, Investments, Cash, Balance with RBI & other
Banks, money at call and short notice, fixed & other assets,
borrowings & deposits, capital, reserves & surplus, other
liabilities & provisions, contingent liabilities & BFC, treasury
operations, profit & loss a/c, disclosure requirements in FS,
consolidation of branch accounts & inter office transactions.
Contd….
Contents of GN contd…..
• Part IV – Long Form Audit Reports : LFAR in case of

Bank & their Branches
• Part V - Special Aspects : Basel II, special purpose

reports & certificates, compliance report on
fraud & other aspects in banks, compliance
with SLR requirements & other aspects.
10
RBI MASTER CIRCULAR
AN IMPORTANT UPDATE
| Master Circulars are a one-point reference of

instructions issued by the Reserve Bank of India on
a particular subject between July-June.
| These are issued on July 1 every year and

automatically expire on June 30 next year.
| We can access the Master Circulars by clicking the

link given below:-
y http://mastercirculars.rbi.org.in/
11
INCOME RECOGNITION & ASSET
CLASSIFICATION
12
13
….Master Circular Contd.
PART B
Prudential guidelines on Restructuring of Advances
9. Background on Restructuring of advances

10. Key Concepts
11. General Principles and Prudential Norms for
Restructured Advances
12. Prudential Norms for Conversion of Principal into
Debt / Equity
13. Prudential Norms for Conversion of Unpaid
Interest into 'Funded Interest Term Loan'
(FITL), Debt or Equity Instruments
14. Special Regulatory Treatment for Asset
Classification
15. Miscellaneous
14
contd…
Part B contd….
16 Disclosures
17 Illustrations
18 Objective of Restructuring
PART C
Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme,
2008 (ADWDRS)- Prudential Norms on Income Recognition,
Asset Classification, Provisioning, and Capital Adequacy
19 The background
20 Prudential Norms for the Borrowal Accounts
Covered under the ADWDRS
21 Subsequent Modifications to the Prudential Norms
15
16
17
18
MITRA COMMITTEE ON LEGAL
ASPECTS OF BANKS FRAUDS
| RBI Circular dated 03.05.2002 on Liability of

Accounting & Auditing profession :-
If an accounting professional, whether in the
course of internal or external audit… finds
anything susceptible to be fraud or fraudulent
activity or act of excess power or smell any foul
play in any transaction, he should refer the
matter to the regulator.
Any deliberate failure on the part of the auditor
should render himself liable for action.
19
COMMON FRAUD RISK FACTORS
20
…..Contd.
| External Frauds :-
Deposits –
¾ Money Laundering
¾ Fraudulent instructions
¾ Counterfeit currency
Lending –
¾ Impersonation & false information on loan applications
¾ Fraudulent valuations
¾ Misappropriation of loan funds by agents / customers
21
BANKING RISKS
| Banking has became more complex
| subjected to greater Risks
| comments on Risk culture
| assessment of Internal Control,
| accuracy of MIS Reports,

Risk identification
| Preventive in Spirit.
Risk Assessment
| Solution providing.
Risk Measurement
Risk Control
Risk Mitigation
Risk Monitoring 22
STANDARDS ON AUDITING
| Audit Report …….

| Para (2) states:
“We conducted our audit in accordance with

the auditing standards generally accepted
in India. Those standards require that we
plan & perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance…..”
23
Standards on Auditing……
24
We shall have to Divorce the habit of non
observance of Standards on Auditing.
25
STANDARDS ON AUDITING
26
….CONTD. STANDARDS ON AUDITING
27
AUDIT STAGES - 5
1) Accepting the Audit
2) Planning the Audit
3) Performing the Preliminary Audit
4) Performing the Final Audit
5) Reporting the Audit
28
STAGE –I: ACCEPTING THE AUDIT
29
Contd…
ACCEPTANCE CONTD…
¾ Software applications used

¾ audit exception reports
¾ policies, system & procedures,
¾ guidelines & instructions of the controlling
authorities.
¾ Written confirmation of readiness of:
records/ information &
exception/ analytical reports (Annx. A).
30
Contd…
ACCEPTANCE CONTD…
ANNEXURE A
| Audit exception / Analytical Reports
| For B/S and P&L a/c Audit:
¾ Age wise & nature (head) wise classification of all

office accounts.
¾ Advances disbursed by transferring to deposit
accounts.
¾ Abnormal transaction in term deposit account.
¾ GL error report
¾ Accounts having minimum interest rate pegged.
¾ Interest applied/ failed report for deposits.
¾ Interest applied/ failed report for deposits. 31
¾ Loan accounts with Zero interest rate.
STAGE-II : PLANNING THE AUDIT
32
Contd…
Audit Planning Contd….
33
AUDIT PLANNING CONTD....
Audit Staff
| Identified & Made familiar with:-
Nuances of the Bank Audit
Issues generally raised
Documentations to be obtained
Manner & extent of verification
Reporting & certifying requirement
Previous year audit files
ICAI Guidance Note
Conceptual difficulties or queries geared up
Applicable RBI Circulars- www.rbi.org.in
Bank Audit seminar Compilations 34
Contd…
Certification of :-
| Balance Sheet
| Profit & Loss Account
| Tax Audit Report
| LFAR
| Ghosh & Jilani Committee
| Other Certificates
35
Contd…
Audit Planning Contd…..
Carrying out preliminary analytical reviews:
¾ SA-520, “analytical procedures” to identify the

risk of material misstatements.
o Comparing following trends & ratios of current
year with that of the previous year:
o Operating profits to total income (%)
o Net profit to total incomes (%)
o Operating expenses to total incomes (%)
o Non-interest incomes to operating profits (%)
o Deposits
o Advances
o NPA 36
Contd…
o Comparing near quarter-end figures of deposits

& advances.
o Carrying out correlations – would help
identifying various errors/ inconsistencies, such
as:
a) correlation of P&L items with B/S items
would reveal accounting errors &
inconsistencies.
b) correlation of non-financial events with
financial events would held reveal error of
omission & inconsistencies.
37
Contd…
Initial Audit Discussions
¾ Comparative Cost of Various category of deposits.

¾ Comparative Yield on Various category of
Advances
Details needed in the LFAR
¾ Independent Audit Trail.

¾ Confirmations.
¾ Copies of expert opinion, if any, relied upon.
¾ To get familiarized with:-
o Branch’s transactional Volumes, 38
o Level of Advances & Deposits,

STAGE III- PERFORMING THE
PRELIMINARY AUDIT
| Individual account balances reports – un-located/ un-
reconciled/ balances lying therein, ledger accounts
opened in appropriate accounts heads/ GL subhead
etc…
| Error/ inconsistency in balancing by scrutinizing the
GL error report. Comparing B/S of current year with
grouping of all sub heads into B/S head.
| Analysis of variance for incomes & expenditures with
that of previous year.
Using the work of internal auditor:

o SA-610 (Revised) states “in order for the external
auditor”, evaluate & perform audit procedures to 39
determine its adequacy.
Contd…
PERFORMING THE PRELIMINARY AUDIT CONTD…..
AUDIT EXECUTION
| Orderly & coherent execution of audit procedures,

| Minimizing probabilities of lapses & duplication of
work.
| Articles a risk focused systematic approach to plan,
perform & report the audit.
| Help managing the time budget, besides
documenting the audit simultaneously- results in
quality audit in timely fashion
¾ The main Borrower Accounts,

¾ Software System in Operation,
¾ Key NPA Accounts, 40
¾ Key Areas of Concern, Contd…

Performing the Preliminary Audit Contd…..
¾ Organizational Structure,
¾ Discussion with the branch head & staff,
¾ Entire set of previous year’s signed accounts,
¾ Concurrent, Stock, Internal Audit, RBI
Inspection, System Audit & other Audit Reports,
¾ Internal Circulars, policies & guidelines of Bank,
schedule of Service Charges, Delegation of
financial powers, MIS reports generated.
41
STAGE IV- PERFORMING THE FINAL
AUDIT
| Para 20 of SA 330 “Auditor’s responses to the
assessed risks”, would be worthwhile.
Irrespective of the assessed risk of material
misstatement, the auditor shall determine &
perform substantive procedure for each class of
transactions, account balances, & disclosures.
42
Contd…
Performing the Final Audit Contd…
o Office accounts:
¾ Sundries, suspense, intermediary accounts, periodical
control returns of office accounts, scrutinize the full
ledger accounts to examine the correctness of pruning of
entries at year end (age wise & nature wise break up).
o Incomes & Expenditures:

¾ System generated interest applied/ failed reports.
o Material journal entries/ year end adjustment:

¾ Comparing pre-closing & post-closing trial balance &
comparing adjustment account with that of the previous
year, would also help identifying any apparent omission/
discrepancies.
43
STAGE V- REPORTING THE AUDIT
44
Contd…
Performing the Final Audit Contd…
DISCLOSURES TO ANNUAL
ACCOUNTS THROUGH NOTES TO
ACCOUNTS
To be certified by Statutory Branch Auditor:
1. Asset Liability Management (ALM),

2. Non-Performing Assets – Provision,
3. Restructuring undertaken in Advance Accounts,
4. Customer Complaints & awards passed by the
Banking Ombudsmen,
5. Unsecured Advances – Collateral intangible
securities such as charge over the right,
licences, authorizations, etc,
6. Letter of Comfort (LOCs), 45
46
ABBREVIATIONS
47
AUDIT WORKING PAPERS AND
DOCUMENTATION (SA-230)
¾ Appointment Letter acceptance,
¾ Requisite declarations & indemnities,
¾ NOC from the previous Statutory Auditor,
¾ Engagement Letter,
¾ Letter of Requirements
¾ Pre Audit Meeting with Bank Officials,
¾ Bank’s Yearly Closing Instructions,
¾ Bank Audit Programme,
¾ Significant audit observations,
¾ Accounting Policies followed,
¾ Written Representations. 48
AUDIT IN CBS ENVIRONMENT
| Pressure of the management’s deadlines - tend to
approach auditing frantically, omitting/
duplicating the many audit procedures- poor
quality audit, completion delays.
| Effective & timely audit - risk focused planning &

systematic management of audit procedures.
49
KEY POINTS – BANK BRANCH
AUDIT
| An early start - adherence to the deadlines
| KOB.
| Audit planning – Pre & Post
| Effective Discussions
| Testing of Internal Control
| Risk Assessment
| Audit Working Papers
| Effective Audit Sampling
| Skillful use of MIS Reports
| Management Written Representation
| Obtaining Discussion Certificate

50
Contd…
KEY POINTS CONTD….
| Ensuring compliance with RBI circulars

especially regarding NPA identification,
classification & provisioning.
| Detailed B/S & P&L scrutiny
| Clear & specific replies to questions in:

¾ LFAR
¾ Ghosh/ Jilani committee reports,
¾ Mandatory certifications
¾ Tax audit report.
¾ Giving appropriate disclaimers
¾ Qualifications wherever warranted.
¾ MOC if warranted.
51
LONG FORM AUDIT REPORT
(LFAR)
Comments - specific & rational and not vague.
Instances of shortcomings/ weaknesses
Sufficiently detailed and quantified
|Not exhaustive – any other matter to be reported.
|Specific comments on:
¾ The KYC compliance,
¾ Disaster recovery policy,
¾ Business continuity Planning,
¾ Outsourcing policy,
¾ Mobile & internet banking policy,
¾ Data retention,
¾ Security policy - physical security, e-mail policy,
¾ Fraud & risk policy – identifying errors & 52
weaknesses, providing remedies & solutions.
Contd…
.......LFAR Contd.
SPECIFIC DISCLOSURES
Extent of checking
Manner of sample selection
Limitation of documents verified
Representations received
Reliance placed on computer system
Non testing of depth of computer system for its

reliability
Significant problems faced e.g., Availability of
information, Computer systems, etc.
53
LFAR CONTD…..
54
SPECIFIC ISSUES
| L/Yr MOC – Compliance.
| Analytical review :
¾ Variances (>20%-YOY) - B/S and P&L.
¾ Debit balances in Income a/c,
¾ Credit balance in Expense a/c,
¾ Debit balance in Liability a/c,
¾ Credit balance Asset a/c.
¾ Independent bank Balance Confirmations.
¾ Detailed proofing of Major B/S items.
¾ Ledger scrutiny of Suspense & Sundries a/c.
55
Contd…
SPECIFIC ISSUES CONTD…
| Bank & Inter-Branch Reconciliation- pipeline entries

passed subsequently need to be given effect to by way
of MOC.
| Physical verification & numbering of FA.
| Upgradation of NPA – clearance of all over dues.
| Date of classification of NPA – to be strictly reckoned

from the due date.
| Regularization of NPA account – a solitary cash or
transfer entry close to the year end.
| Ever Greening of accounts- unwarranted restructuring
or sanction of additional limits.
| Annexure to the B/S – accuracy & corroboration.
56
| Testing of Internal Controls.
| Control/ Exception MIS report, internal policies,
rules, procedure & guidelines.
| Audit program drawn pre-audit, then modified post
audit.
| Various risks-
¾ Operational,
¾ Market,
¾ Financial,
¾ Reputational,
¾ Strategic,
¾ Business,
¾ Systemic, 57
¾ Regulatory, etc..
Contd…
AUDIT PROGRAMME CONTD…..
| For IRAC Compliance Audit:

¾ Accounts where moratorium period expired &
interest flag “N”
¾ Sub standards accounts restructured during the
year.
¾ Standards accounts rescheduled during the year.
¾ Transaction turnover in CC account.
¾ Report on overdue installments & interest in loan
account.
¾ Accounts where value of security is less than
drawing power.
¾ Accounts out of order for more than 90 days. 58
¾ Sub standard NPA upgraded during the year.
Contd…
AUDIT PROGRAMME CONTD…..
Monitoring
| Audit progress at the end of every day.
| LFAR updated on an ongoing basis.
| MIS reports being generated.
| Audit delays - communicated to RO/ ZO due to :

¾ control weaknesses,
¾ lack of availability of information,
¾ non- cooperation
| Audit issues - regular discussions.

| Doubts – help from CSA.
59
60

(May be suitably amended according to the circumstances & requirements)
Dated..
Assistant General Manager,

Bank …,
Address…..,
Dear Sir,
Sub :- Statutory Branch Audit 2010-11.

Reg :- Audit Engagement / Management Representations
¾ We are thankful to your head office to have appointed us as the statutory auditors to audit
and report on the accounts of your Branch for the year 2010-11.
¾ We have already sent our acceptance on the appointment to your Zonal Office on
09.03.2010, and hereby confirm that the audit shall be carried out in accordance with the
applicable legal provisions and the regulatory requirements, besides the applicable
authoritative pronouncements of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, with the
objective of expressing an opinion on the Branch financial statements. We are pleased to
confirm our understanding of this engagement by means of this letter.
¾ We will conduct our audit in accordance with the Standards on Auditing (SAs) issued by
the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and with the requirements of the Banking
Regulation Act, 1949 and the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 and the guidelines issued
under the said statutes from time to time. Those Standards require that we comply with
the ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance
about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatements. An audit
involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend upon the auditor’s
judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial
statements, whether due to fraud or error. An audit also includes evaluating the
appropriateness of accounting principles used and the reasonableness of the accounting
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the
financial statements.
¾ Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, together with the inherent limitations of
internal control, there is an unavoidable risk that some material misstatements may not be

detected, even though the audit is properly planned and performed in accordance with
SAs.
¾ In making our risk assessments, we consider internal control relevant to the entity’s
preparation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the
effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. However, we will communicate to you in
writing concerning any significant deficiencies in internal control relevant to the audit of
the financial statements that we have identified during the audit.
¾ For this purpose we shall have to perform sufficient tests to obtain reasonable assurance
as to whether the information contained in the accounting records and other source data is
reliable and sufficient as the basis for the preparation of the financial statements; and
whether the information is properly presented in the said statements.
¾ We wish to clarify that the responsibility for the preparation of the financial statements
including adequate disclosure is that of the Management, and this includes;
the maintenance of adequate accounting records and internal controls,

the selection and consistent application of appropriate accounting policies,
including
implementation of applicable accounting standards along with proper explanation
relating to any material departures therefrom.
….. 2
:: 2 ::
¾ The management is also responsible for making judgments and estimates that are
reasonable and prudent, so as to give;
a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Branch at the end of the financial
year and
of the profit or loss of the Branch for that year, and
the safeguard of the assets of the Bank/ Branch.
¾ We will conduct our audit in accordance with the auditing standards generally accepted
in India and with the requirements of law. These Standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatements.

¾ An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the
overall financial statement presentation.
¾ However, having regard to the test nature of an audit, persuasive rather than conclusive
nature of audit evidence together with inherent limitations of any accounting and internal
control system, there is an unavoidable risk that even some material misstatements of
financial statements, resulting from fraud, and to a lesser extent error, if either exists, may
remain undetected.
¾ In addition to our report on the financial statements, we expect to provide you a separate
letter through Long Form Audit Report (LFAR), concerning material weaknesses in
accounting and internal control systems, which might come to our notice during our test
verifications.
¾ The responsibility for the preparation of financial statements on a going concern basis is
that of the management.
¾ We also wish to invite your attention to the fact that our audit process is subject to ‘peer
review’ under the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949. The reviewer may examine our
working papers during the course of our peer review.
….. 3
:: 3 ::
¾ We wish to complete certain audit procedures even prior to the year-end, depending
on your state of readiness and your confirming to us so that we are able to complete
the audit at an early date.
¾ In view of the severe time constraints imposed on us, we are confident you will make
available to us, within the dates stipulated, the Branch returns/statements duly completed,
pre-reviewed and duly authenticated, to enable us to furnish our reports in the form and
manner desired of us by law or by the Reserve Bank of India and not necessarily in the
form and manner prescribed by the Bank.
¾ The Branch returns on which we are expected to furnish our reports, would be the
financial statements that correspond to financial year 2010-11, basically consisting of:
the Balance Sheet with related details
the Profit & Loss Account with related details

the statement relating to the particulars of Advances and other supporting

returns/statements/annexure
(including those covering the LFAR requirements)
¾ informations/ clarifications as stated in Annexure “I” to this letter in connection with our
assignment, may please also be expedited.
¾ To enable us to monitor the progress of the audit and completion of the assignment,
please indicate/mention, the actual date(s) of completion as well as handing over to us of
each statement/return/confirmation required to be prepared by you (as per the contents of
the letter of appointment sent to us), by your endorsement on each such
statement/return/confirmation; as also on the Management Representation letter required
to be furnished by you to us. This is imperative for our records and necessary action.
¾ As part of the audit process, we will expect to receive from the management, written
confirmation of the representations made to us & a written response (Para-wise), to our
requirements is imperative, and such response is to be based on your verification of
facts.
….. 4
:: 4 ::
¾ Please note that we shall be in a position to take up the audit of the financial statements
for the purpose of our report, only upon completion by you, in its entirety, of all the
returns/schedules/statements/information sought, and upon receipt of your response in
writing to this communication.
¾ We shall be grateful if you could confirm the name(s), telephone numbers and the e-mail
address of the Officer(s) designated by the Branch to comply with our requirements in
connection with the audit, so that our checking as well as the reports are expedited.
¾ We are willing to start the audit exercise from ….nd March, 2011 itself, subject to
your suitability and confirmation to be able to complete the audit exercise by 9th
April as desired by your Head Office.
¾ We shall greatly appreciate your co-operation in the matter.

¾ Please acknowledge the receipt and arrange to send us the duplicate copy of this letter
as a token of your acceptance of the Audit Engagement Letter along with your
confirmatory letter itself.
Thanking you and assuring you of our best services,
For …………………………….,
Chartered Accountants
(Regn. No ‐ ……….)

Sd/‐
Membership No. ……..

REPORT OF THE BRANCH AUDITOR TO THE STATUTORY AUDITORS
ON THE AUDIT OF ACCOUNTS OF
…………….BRANCH OF, BANK………
FOR THE YEAR 2010-11
We have audited the attached Balance Sheet of the ……….., Branch of Bank……
as at 31.3.2011 and the Profit and Loss Account of the said Branch for the year ended on
that date, which has been drawn up in conformity with Forms ‘A’ and ‘B’ respectively of
the Third Schedule to the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
The preparation of these financial statements is the responsibility of the Bank’s

management which includes the design, implementation and maintenance of internal
control relevant to the preparation of the financial statements that are free from material
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements, based on

our Audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with Standards on Auditing issued by
the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. Those Standards require that we comply
with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance
about whether the financial statements are free of material mis-statement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the

amounts and disclosures in financial statements. The procedure selected depends on the
auditor’s judgment, including the assessment or risk of material misstatement of the
financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the
auditor considers internal control relevant to company’s preparation and fair presentation
of financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the
circumstances. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness accounting policies
used and the reasonableness of the accounting estimates made by the management, as
well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence that we have obtained is sufficient and
appropriate to provide basis for our audit opinion.
On the basis of the audit indicated herein, and as required by the Banking
Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970, and subject to the
limitations of disclosures required therein, we report as under:
Provisions/Adjustments
No adjustments/provisions have been made in the accounts of the Branch in

respect of matters dealt with at Head Office, including in respect of:
a) Bonus, ex-gratia, and other similar expenditure and allowances to branch
employees;
b) Terminal permissible benefits to eligible employees on their retirement

including additional retirement benefits, Gratuity, Pension, liability for
accumulated leave encashment benefits and other benefits covered in terms of
‘AS 15 (R)– Employee Benefits’ issued by ICAI;
c) Arrears of salary/wages/allowances as well as staff contractual obligations, if

any, payable to staff;
….. 2
:: 2 ::
d) Provisions in respect of advances as per the applicable prudential norms and

Guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India and the Bank’s policy in line therewith
(including on standard advances, floating, adhoc/generic provisions covering
weak standard advances; and
e) Provision for Taxation (subject to adjustments for deferred tax)
f) Items in suspense, Clearing Differences, Credit Cards, Frauds/vigilance cases

involving claims/liability or loss to the Bank and other provisions on behalf of
the Branches, including for losses arising from frauds discovered if any.
g) Provision for Interest on overdue Term Deposit.
h) Provision for Interest on Saving Bank Deposits beyond the cut off date.
We further state that;
i. Commission Income in respect of government and third party business done by the
branch has been accounted for on cash basis. Further such income is advised by
the Head Office and in absence of the working details, we are not able to verify the
accuracy and correctness of the commission so received by the branch.
ii. The Bank has accounted income of Locker rent on cash basis. .
iii. The interest income and interest expense received and paid to Head Office on
average deposits and advances could not be verified in absence of working details
thereof, as the entries are stated to have been worked out and transferred by the
Head Office.
Subject to what is stated above, the Memorandum of Changes, having effect on
the financial statements to the extent as quantified as above and to the extent not
ascertained at the Branch, including subject to other adjustments usually made at the
Central/Head Office of the Bank, in our opinion and to the best of our information and
according to the explanations given to us, and as shown by the books of the Branch and
read with the Accounting Policies of the Bank (to the extent made known to us and as
applicable to the Branch), we report that:
a) the Balance Sheet as at 31.3.2011 of the said Branch of the Bank, as authenticated
by us, subject to observations as above, is a full and fair Balance Sheet of the
Branch containing the necessary particulars and is properly drawn up so as to
exhibit a true and fair view of the affairs of the Branch as at 31.3.2011.
…..3
:::3:::
b) the Profit and Loss Account authenticated by us, subject to observations as above,
shows a true balance of the profit of the Branch for the year-ended 31.3.2011.
c) we have obtained all the information and explanations, which to the best of our
knowledge and belief were necessary for the purpose of audit and have found
them to be satisfactory.
d) transactions of the Branch, which have come to our notice, have been within the
powers of the Bank.
e) the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account of the Branch are in agreement
with the books of accounts.
For …………………...,
(Chartered Accountants)
(Regn No. ……..)
Sd/-
(M No. ……)
Place :
Date :
Statutory Bank Audit (F.Yr.10-11)
Banks…….
Audit Program - Advances
Advances : Remarks
List of advances in excess of 5% of total advances (ITEM 5) – Branch
List Of Advances For Rs.2.00 Crores And Above (Item 5) Branch Compare
Advance Returns With Calender Of Returns
Chart Of Powers For Advance Sanctions
Loans Repayable On Demand + ST Loans with maturity upto 1 Year – to be

classified as CC/OD/Dl – Sch 9 Item A(Ii) / (C Cir Item 3)
Credit Appraisal ;
Procedure/Instructions Followed (Item 5.A) ?
Credit Facilities sanctioned beyond delegated authority Reported To CA ?
(Item 5.B)
Advances Disbursed Without Complying With Terms & Conditions ? (Item

5.B)
Facility Released Without Documentation ? (Item 5.C)
Non Registration Of Charges Non Obtaining Of Guarantee? (Item 5.C)
All Lien Noted On Deposits ? (Item 5.C) Th. System
Analysis Of Accounts Overdue For Review/Renewal For ? (Item 5.D) ;
Six Months One Year

Over One Year
Advances Less Than 0.25 Classification NPA ?
L/Yr Sub Std < 18 Months Doubtful ?
Prov Std, S\S 10 And Doubtful Unsecured ?
CCIS Returns Check, Corrections :
Insurance value & date Correct ?
Charge Type And Security Correct ?
Dp's Correctly Calculated Or Taken As Sl
Irreg Amt And Date Correct ?
S/L Taken Correctly ?
Primary\Secondary Sec Correct ?
Wdv Vehicle, P&M Depreciated Value ?
Docts In Force ?
Cr Summations Correct ?
Corrections NPA Accounts Show S\S
Last Credit Dates Incorrect ?
PF Lien taken Tangible/Coll
Date Of Last Sanction Or Renewal
ROI Changes Chart\ Circular Ratings Check Full Year –
Sanctions/Renewals And Documents –
: Renewals Pending And Quality BR Level –
: Renewals Pending And Quality ZO Level –
Credit Process audit conducted by Official from another Branch In respect of
Loans Sanctioned For Rs. 50 Lacs And above.
SS/BD, MSOD And B/S Received Regularly, Scrutinized And Action Taken ?
(Item 5.D) –
Stock Audit Reports Obtained Periodically ? (Item 5.D) –
Advances Beyond Rs.10.00 Lacs Audited Accounts Obtained S/S Mar Last
Variations With Audited B\S Reasons
BM Discretionery Power Statement For Sanctions Made – Sent Regularly
For Advances ;
: Individual Statemnets For Advances >25000
: Consolidated For Advances Below <25000
List of S\S or financial data late receipt penal charged
March Stock Statements recd for C\Year
DP Calculations made ignoring CRS ? Considered in sanction
Law Charges Momorandum Register Updated
INC Details, Reg Updations Live And Pbrd –
Phy Inspection Reg And Reports By Off And Mgr ? (Item 5.D)
Frequent Unauthorised Overdrawings ? (Item 5.D) –
Insurance adequacy, Bank clause , Renewed, Expired
Any Lease Finance A/C Guidelines Followed ? (Item 5 D Vii)

Credit Card Dues Recovered Promptly ?
Accounts where legal action for recovery or recall authorised by CA but no
action taken by branch ? (ITEM 5 D XI)
NPA Promptly reported to CA ? (ITEM 5 D XII) –

Status on rehabiliation programme if undertaken
Claims For DICGC/ECGC duly lodged & Settled Status (Item 5 D Xii)
Audited Financials Comparison With Projections –
Audit reports any adverse remarks
Processing charges Correctly Charged
Inspection charges correctly charged ? in march ,
List Of RBI Defaulters – (P 7) IRAC
PBRD Accounts:
Fresh TR Approval
W\Off Approval
Primary Sec Evidence S\S, Inspection
Secondary Sec evidence valuation REP
Suit Filed Reg
Law Charges Reg Borrowerwise
DICGC Rtnl Recd Claims Pending
Inc Reg & Efforts Made
Qtly CCIS C Authority
Form L For Large Advances
Suits Yet To Be Filed
Decrees Pending Executaion
Partial Recovery – Booked As Income ??
Valuation Reports Obtained Once In Three Years ? (Item 5 D Xiii)
Recovery Policy Followed In Compromise/Settlement Accounts – (Item 5 D
Xiv)
DICGC Claims lodged follow up progress status
Legal Suit Filed Accounts Progress Decree, Execution
Write Off Recomondation, Compromise Proposals, Sanctions
Advances Under Collection – ZO Sanction
NPA Accounts: …………………………………………
Identification – Exact Date Of slippage to NPA……………………………
Intt Derecognised……………………………………………….
Provision…………………………………………………………
Bills\Cheques Purchased Break Up, Age, Npa…….. ………..
Educational Loans End Use Receipts
Allocated Limits Ratings And Other Cnfms
L\Yr S\S Doubtful 1 3, C\Yr Status – L.Yr A/Cs Recovered Or W/Off
New T\L DP Correctly calculated by system – –NOT IN CCIS
Gold Loans Certificate of purity –
Any time barred documents
Sale proceeds Routed through A/C
HO Intt Rectification On Revised Intt Cal
IR Report BR Level Form A Qtly & CNFM
IR Low Level Form Monthly And Cnfm –
Advances Dr\Cr Seperate In Cc Accounts –
Advance Ag Security Held By Other BR Certificate –
Any Consortium advance Leader CNFM ?
Renewals Made Considering Mar, 08 Audited B\S – –.
EQ Charges @ 10,000 per entry with EQ Reg
PMRY Capital Subsidy @ 15% Max/Rs 7500 Each Recd Once In Ayr
SJSRY Capital Subsidy is Ist Claimed, recd & then Loan Disbursed
Valuation reports for loans AG EQ – Fresh Reports in 3 Years
EQ Pending Entry –
Repayements coming timely in fresh loans
INDL
Guarantees invoked & funded by Branch (ITEM 5.E)
L/C'S Funded by branch (ITEM 5.E) –
Any advance given against other bank TDR
Credit limits not reviewed / renewed for 180 Days – NPA –
Stocks statements older than three months – Irregular –
Stock Statements Older than 180 Days – NPA –
Valuation reports older than three years
Comparative Figures Of Last Year.
: Advance Classification Form CA 19
: Inc
: Movement Of NPA (Xvii A)
:Movement Of NPA Provision (Xvii B)
NPA Accounts:
Audit reports for limits Rs.10.00 Lacs & above
Any leasing finance Compliance of AS 19
Credit card dues more than 60/90 Days
Accounts With Legal Action Sanctions – Progress –
Recent valuation reports in NPA Accounts
Compromise / Settlement Cases RS.50.00 Lacs & above
Appropriation Of Recovery In NPA Accounts Towards ;
Charges , interest suspense , unapplied interest & principal
Source of recovery in NPA not through additional limits
Suit Filed Accounts Charges Not To Be Debited –
Interest Charged On Monthly Basis ? Intt On Intt Charged Taking ROI
More Than Documented Rate ? If So, Intt On Intt To Be Reversed
Restructured accounts RBI Guideliness followed
Any Recovery In W/Off Accounts – Cr To Charges – (P 57) K183
Status And Details On L/Y NPA Accounts – Downgraded/ Upgraded –
over 18 months
Doubtful – 1 Year , 1 3 Year & above 3 year
Status And Details On
Realisable Market Value Of Security ;
Free Hold as Per Valuation Report
Lease Hold Terms Of Lease
Plant & Machinery WDV As Per IT
Building Cost Less Depreciation As Per Fa Schedule
Stocks Market Realisable Value
Bill Discounting Old Bill Replaced By New Bill To Be Treated As Irregular
– NPA –
L/C Devolvement More Than 1880 Days Even Though Paid In Next 180
Comparison With Audited Balance Sheet And QIS –
Control Returns For Review/Renewal/Fresh Sanction –
Allocated Limit Confirmations
DP Calculated Through System –
List Of Accounts Written Off – – All L/Yr. NPA’s
Staff Loans :
Housing, consumer , End Use Invoices –
Receipts, DPC Certificate, NOC, PF Lien, Share Certificate,
Valuation
Insurance Up To Date Bank Clause – Mentioned
Driving LC
Regn certificate
Noting & CNFM PF Liens Master file
Running irregular
Trasfer cases Docts Recd
HSG Loans Phy Construction Status EQ Mortg Created Created
Insu Premium Dr To Loan A\C Instead Of Recovery From Salary
EQ Mortgage pending
Balances Included In Appropriate SA Return SA1, SA2, SA3
Irregularity report for overdue advances
Staff Tfd A\C Not Tfd ? – Housing
PF Lien Mark System
Related Parties – Declarations Obtained From Borrower.
Signatures – Subject To Audit Report (P 42 NIRC)
BANK AUDIT - Abbreviations used in the Banking Industry
ALM Asset-Liability Management

ARC Asset Reconstruction Company
ATM Automated Teller Machine
BCP Business Continuity Planning Process
BIFR Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction
BPLR Benchmark Prime Lending rate
CBS Core Banking Solutions
CD Certificate of Deposit
CDR Corporate Debt Restructuring
CIBIL Credit Information Bureau of India Limited
CPC Cheque Processing Centre
CRAR Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets ratio
CRR Cash Reserve Ratio
CTR Cash Transaction Report
CTS Cheque Truncation system
DICGC Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation
DRI Differential Rate of Interest
DRT Debt Recovery Tribunal
DTL Demand and Time Liability
ECGC Exprot Credit Guarantee Corporation
ECS Electronic Clearing Service
EFT Electronic Funds Transfer
FCNR Foreign Currency Non-Resident
FCNR (B) Foreign Currency Non-Resident (Banks)
FEDAI Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India
FRBM Act Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act
FRMS Fraud Reporting and Monitoring System
KYC Know your Customer
LIBOR London Inter-Bank Offer Rate
MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
NDTL Net Demand and Time Liability
NEFT National Electronic Fund Transfer
NPA Non Performing Asset
NRE Non-Resident External
NRNR Non Resident Non Repatriable (Account)
NRSR Non Resident Special Rupee (Account)
OBS Off-balance Sheet
PLR Prime Lending Rate
PMLA Prevention of Money Laundering Act
PMRY Prime Minister Rojgar Yojna
RTGS Real time Gross Settlement System
SARFAESI Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and
Enforcement of Security Interest
SGL Subsidiary General Ledger
SJSRY Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar Yojna
SLR Statutory Liquidity Ratio
STR Suspicious Transaction Report
UCB Urban Co-operative Bank
VaR Value at Risk
XBRL Extensible Business Reporting Language
BANSAL DALMIA & CO.
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
Bank XXX,
Annex I to letter dated ……………..
Requirements In Connection With The Audit

of Accounts For The Year
Ended …………...
REPLY BY BRANCH
1. Latest Reports:
For our scrutiny, the following latest reports on the
accounts of your Branch, as well as the compliance by
the Branch on the observations contained therein:
(a) Branch Audit Report and Accounts;

(b) Long Form Audit Report;
(c) Internal Inspection Report;
(d) Internal/Concurrent Audit Report(s)/Credit Audit
Report;
(e) RBI Inspection Report, if such inspection took
place;
(f) Income and Expenditure Control Audit/ Revenue
Audit Report;
(g) Quarterly review report (compliance);
(h) Snap and Systems Audit Report;
(i) Any special inspection/investigation report; and
(j) IS/Computer/EDP Systems Audit.
(k) Any special inspection/investigation report.
2. Circulars in connection with Accounts/financial REPLY BY BRANCH

statements :
210, GUPTA TOWER, AZADPUR COMMERCIAL COMPLEX, DELHI-110033. TEL.

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BANSAL DALMIA & CO.
Please confirm that you would be in a position to make

available, for our ready reference, a list and
copy (preferably in a separate folder), of all the
HO/CO/RBI circulars, relevant to the accounts for the
year under audit.
A copy of year end closing of accounts circular also

needs to be given to us.
3. Accounting Policies:
We understand that there is no change, since the
preceding year, in the Bank’s Accounting Policies
adopted and applicable for the year under audit.
Should there be a change as compared to the earlier

year, we may be duly informed of the same and the
financial effect thereof may be computed to enable us to
verify the same.
4. Balancing of books:
Please confirm the present status of balancing of the
subsidiary records with the relevant control accounts.
In case of differences between balances in the control

and subsidiary records, please let us know of the steps
being taken to reconcile/balance the same.
This information may please be given head -wise for

the relevant control accounts, indicating the dates of
arrears of balancing.
The year-end status of balancing may be reconfirmed.
Any balancing differences reconciled after the year-end,

if any, may please be brought to our notice in the course
of audit.

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5. Accounts, if maintained on Computer/ in the EDP

environment : REPLY BY BRANCH
(a) In case the financial information/data is being

prepared in an EDP environment at the Branch,
please confirm:
(i) whether, and the extent to which:
– the Branch record s are not yet
computerised, and
– outstanding balances picked up at the
time of initial computerisation, remain
unadjusted/unreconciled. Head -wise
figures taken over from the manual
system, an d included in the balances
as at the beginning of the year and
which continue till date may be
confirmed, with status of their
analysis/adjustment during the year.
ii) the kind/nature of software package(s)

currently installed at the Branch; and
whether there are any changes/
modifications in the package(s) since the
preceding year both as regards the systems
as well as changes brought about by virtue
of regulatory/statutory amendments and
H.O. Circulars, including due to
applicability of revised interest rates on
deposits, advances etc.
The nature of such modifications, the

basis thereof and the effective dates of the
modifications, may please be confirmed
to us.
(iii) Please let us have a confirmation that the

print-out of books is taken and is

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available for our examination,

REPLY BY BRANCH
simultaneously with the branch
returns/statements at the time of the
start of audit; unless otherwise stated in our

letter, or where some matters can be
explained/dealt with prior to the year-end.
(b) Please confirm the precise procedures for computer

security systems and data security, back-ups, off-
site storage (including locations and personnel in
charge), contingency and disaster recovery
system/plans and adherence thereto at the Branch.
Offsite storage locations may be indicated along

with information as to the periodicity of testing the
data, and whether such periodicity was adhered to.
Any adverse features observed during the year

may be confirmed, along with the remedial
action taken.
(c) Please keep ready for our examination, the daily

exception reports on the “system” as well as
“transactions”, to enable us to examine the manner
of disposal of the reports generated; as also the
report for the month-end/day-end procedures as at
the year-end.
6. Deposits
(a) Overdue/matured Term Deposits:
(i) We understand that as per your H.O. circulars
and in keeping with the circulars of the RBI,
you have introduced a system for
automatic/suomoto renewal of term deposits on
maturity.

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The cut-off date(s) beyond which these

instructions apply may be intimated to us, REPLY BY BRANCH
indicating as to the status and basis of interest
accretion, if any, on the amounts held as
Overdue Deposits in the Accounts of the
Branch.
Please confirm whether there are any credit balances

comprising overdue /matured Term Deposits in various
categories, as at the year-end, which continue to be shown
as Term Deposits, particularly where the Branch does not
have any instructions/communication for renewal of such
deposits from the account holders.
(ii) In case of automatic renewal of old matured deposits

in terms of your H.O. circulars, please confirm as to
the basis adopted at the Branch for computation of
the interest component (added to the original
principal), for purpose of renewal, i.e. whether it is
on:
– simple interest since maturity of the

Original / initial deposit; or
– based on interest rate applicable on the date of
maturity of the deposit; or
– based on the rate of interest on the date of renewal
of the deposit.
and whether any excess/short provision relating to the

prior periods i.e. up to 31.3.20xx is considered in the
accounts under review.
The computation of interest may be evidenced for
our verification.
The number and amount of such deposits may be
confirmed, both for Rupee denominated as well as for
foreign currency deposits.
(iii) Please let us have a list of deposits, which have been

received/ suomoto renewed but where:

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– deposit receipts are not physically issued, REPLY BY BRANCH

although book entries have been made as per the
computerized system,
– deposit receipts are physically issued but not
dispatched to deposit holders (particularly
where the amounts received in foreign currency
are to be covered by Deposit Receipts from
another foreign exchange authorized Link
Branch.
A list of such unissued/undespatched Deposit
Receipts in the physical custody of the Branch
needs to be given and the Receipts produced for
our verification at the year end.
– renewals have been made by endorsement of
renewal on the existing Deposit Receipts of the
deposit holders.
This may be substantiated from your record.
For the above, information may be prepared for
deposits:
– in Rupees
– held in foreign currencies -FCN R (B) Deposits
– in external accounts (NRE accounts, if any).
(iv) Please also confirm whether any deposits have been

renewed other than in the name(s) of the original
holder e.g. in the case of deceased depositors.
In such cases, it may be confirmed to us as to
whether the Branch holds the necessary evidence on
record.
(b) Tax Deduction at Source

Please confirm the system followed by the Bank with
regard to deduction of tax at source on interest on
deposits and whether:
– in respect of interest (based on credit or payment
whichever is earlier), including in respect of
cumulative Deposit Schemes and on renewals of

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matured deposits, Tax as required to be deducted at REPLY BY BRANCH

source was so deducted on due dates and deposited
within the prescribed period; and
– the automatically renewed deposits are net of the

Tax deducted at source.
Cases of delay/default may be listed for our review and

incorporated in Form 3CD (Tax Audit Reporting
Format).
(c) Back-ended or other subsidies adjustable against

advances
Please confirm whether Deposits include any amounts
received under specific schemes. If so, the amount
thereof and interest, if any, paid thereon during the year,
may be confirmed; and whether interest on advances is
calculated net of Govt. subsidies in such schemes .
(d) Deposits held as margins:

Please confirm whether against issue of
guarantees/LCs, the Branch holds any cash margins by
way of fixed deposits, shown as part of the ‘Deposits’
portfolio. If so, the aggregate amount of such
deposits may be made known to us.
(e) Inoperative Deposit Accounts:

Please confirm the procedure followed at the Branch
with regard to identification of Inoperative Accounts
and safeguards as to operations therein; and whether the
identified accounts are segregated/maintained in
separate distinct ledgers. Please let us have information
as regards:
- Aggregate Opening Balance
- Additions/Accounts identified during the year
- Less: Payments out of such accounts
- Balance Outstanding at the year end

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7. Advances :
REPLY BY BRANCH
(a) Please confirm whether the aggregate of the
advances as per the Branch Balance Sheet as at
31.3.20xx reconciles with the Particulars of
Advances (Portfolio) statement after including
credit card dues and making adjustments for any
foreign exchange differences (if on a
decentralized basis); as well as after considering
the unadjusted/unappropriated credit balances
(whether in specific or nominal accounts) and
requiring adjustments/netting off against the
borrowers’ accounts which would include
accounts like “Interest Suspense”, DICGC
claims Received” and unappropriated
recoveries in Advances in litigation and
subsidies (and interest thereon, to the extent
requiring adjustment).
A summary of the particulars of Advances as per
Annexure-II may be provided to us.
(b) A list of all Advances, each with outstandings above

5% of the total Advances Portfolio of the Branch or
Rs.200 lakhs whichever is lower, indicating their
classification.
The year-end Status Report on each large borrower
in detail, may be given as per Annexure III, III.1
and III.2, which includes information as per the
LFAR.
The aforesaid information, (which must also cover

accounts adversely commented upon by Bank’s
internal/concurrent auditors/RBI inspection/ special
audit/credit audit/previous statutory auditors -i.e . in the
Reports as per refer Para I of this Annexure), may
please be prepared keeping in view the applicable
RBI circulars, and kept ready and be made available
to us along with the Branch returns.

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(c) Please confirm whether :

REPLY BY BRANCH
The borowers’ accounts have been classified

according to the latest RBI norms applicable for the
year, with particular care being taken to identify
Non-Performing Assets (NPA) [classified as Sub-
Standard, Doubtful or Loss assets], and, in case a
computerized package is being used for such an
exercise, whether the statements are being
prepared with the applicable latest parameters as
per the prudential norms of the Reserve Bank of
India.
You have examined the accounts based on

documentation security/guarantee/operations aspects
etc. to determine the status borrower-wise and not
account-wise for categorizing the accounts, as above;
The classification as at the year-end of borrowal

accounts under consortium arrangements with other
participating banks, has been done on the basis of
operations of the accounts as per your Bank, without
the necessity of relying on classification made by
other participating banks; however, making known
to us, the status of the borrower, if adverse, in
case of other lenders.
The borrower’s CLASSIFICATION AT THE branch

is uniform for the Bank as a whole, based on the
applicable RBI norms, in case of sub-
limits/transferred limits and where advances are
transferred from another branch.

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BANSAL DALMIA & CO.
d) Valuation/market value of tangible Assets: REPLY BY BRANCH

Please confirm :
Whether in respect of the advances secured

against tangible securities, the bank holds
evidence of existence and market value of the
relevant securities as at the year-end.
Whether the existence/market value is evidenced,

based on physical inspections or otherwise
through stock audit or other verification
procedures applied nearer the balance sheet date;
and the same may be produced for our
examination.
In case of NPA, the periodicity of valuation, and

the basis of which valuation is arrived at in
respect of advances for the year under audit,
particularly in case the security valuation
reports/dates are older than one year.
In respect of facilities of Rs.5.00 cores and above,

whether stock audit has been got conducted.
Whether and in which cases was the stock audit

was required to be conducted. Please furnish us;
o List of accounts where stock audit was

required, but not conducted; and
o Cases in which stock audit was

conducted where adverse features
noticed have not been addressed and
whether it has any effect on classification
of any borrowers; and whether the same
has been duly considered.

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BANSAL DALMIA & CO.
e) Besides providing us information as per Annexure

REPLY BY BRANCH
II, may we request you to provide us with a list of
the:
(I) Top 25 NPAs and their status as at 31.3.20xx
and 31.3.20xx;
(ii) Borrowers identified/classified as NPAs during
the period 1.4.20xx to 31.3.20xx and whether
and extent to which unrealized income on such
accounts is reversed/derecognized.
(iii) NPAs upgraded to Standard classification
during the period 1.4.20xx to 31.3.20xx,
justifying reasons for the same; also
indicating the amount of any unapplied
interest in such accounts (not
debited/charged to the borrower);
(iv) Accounts where there was
rehabilitation/reschedulement/ restructuring,
indicating in each case, the number of times
the same has been done, and accounts in
which the Bank needs to exercise its right to
recompense, indicating the amount, also giving
reasons for non-recovery thereof;
{The aggregate of such amounts due (party-
wise), and the dates on which recoupment is to
be made, may please be made known}.
(v) Cases covered by Paras 4.2.15 and 4.2.17 of the
RBI Master Circular (DBOD
No.BP.BC.20/21.04.048/2008-09 dated 1-7-
2008), where pursuant to restructuring,
borrowers were granted FITL facilities or where
the interest unrealized was converted to
investments by the Bank.
(vi) Cases of rehabilitated/restructured borrowal accounts

at the Branch, where the classification is not as per
RBI norms; or where any amount of sacrifice is not
computed/provided.
Information on accounts restructured may be
provided as per Annexure IV.

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BANSAL DALMIA & CO.
REPLY BY BRANCH
(vii) List of Borrowers, where one time settlement was
sanctioned, but there is a default in repayment or in
compliance of the terms thereof;
(viii) Particulars of Advances where there is divergence of

opinion between the Branch Management and the
RBI/Inspection/Internal/Concurrent audit Reports
etc., indicating as to how this has been addressed by
the Branch.
(ix) The aggregate of the amounts of advances in the

standard category which have the status of “critical
amount due”; and whether any amounts comprised
therein are over 90 days in default as at 31.3.20xx.
A list of such accounts may be made available and
quantified, for our review.
(x) Borrowal accounts (in standard category), which

have not been reviewed/renewed for 180 days since
the due date of their last renewal, or where there is a
default on the part of the borrower in submission of
stock statements, for a period of 90 days beyond any
period of default/irregularity, including that
commencing prior to 31.3.20xx; and if so, whether
such borrowers are classified as NPAs. Particulars
of accounts overdue for review/renewal between 6
months and 1 year, and those over 1 year may be
provided.
(xi) accounts which do not fall within the definition of

advances, such as interest free employee advances,
but have been shown as such in the accounts of the
Branch may be listed for our review.
(xii) advances accounts which have been identified as

of the nature of NPAs, and where, pending
formal sanction of the higher authorities, the
relevant amounts have yet to be reclassified/

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BANSAL DALMIA & CO.
recategorised for the purpose of provision/write REPLY BY BRANCH

off. This covers all accounts identified by the
Bank or internal/external auditors or by RBI
inspectors but the amount has not been
written off wholly or partly.
(xiii) accounts in which the Bank, or the Branch has

itself recommended legal or other coercive action
for recovery of dues and, where no such action
has been taken up to the year-end against the
borrowers. A list of such borrowers’ accounts
may be furnished to us, particularly if such
accounts are in standard or sub standard category.
(xiv) borrowal accounts in the “Standard” or “Sub

Standard” category which are the subject matter
of reference to BIFR/DRT or in litigation.
(xv) Advances to borrowers on the list of willful

defaulters (as per the latest list and guidelines of
the RBI).
(xvi) all accounts where the default resulted in WCTL,

FITL, WCDL etc . and whether the advances
would be NPAs but for such facilities.
(xvii) whether there are any agricultural loans where

borrowers are entitled as per the government
directions to any relief/waiver upto the year end
and if so the particulars thereof.
(f) Upgradation of classification :

Please let us have a list of borrowers’ accounts
(including projects under implementation and
restructured accounts), where classification made as
at the end of the previous year (31-3-20xx), has
been changed to a better classification, stating
reasons for the same; and whether provision
(including for the Interest sacrifice, if made), on the

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borrowal accounts, is sought to be reversed contrary REPLY BY BRANCH

to RBI’s master circular dated 1-7-20xx.
Please confirm whether Advances comprising

Funded Interest, if already recognized as income,
is fully provided for and not reckoned as income
till realization/redemption of securities. (This
would also apply to funded interest where the
same is converted into securities (equity,
debentures or other instruments), if held at the
branch.
{Refer also to Paras 4.1.15 (v) (g) (i) and (ii) and
(h) of the RBI Master Circular dated 1-7-20xx,
relating to Restructuring and Rescheduling of
Loans}
(g) Devolved Letters of Credit (LCs)/ co-acceptances,

and guarantees :
Please confirm:
– the precise procedure followed for accounting
treatment of devolved, LCs.
– whether in categorising the borrowers’ accounts as

standard, substandard, doubtful or loss assets, the
amount in default on account of devolved LCs has
been reckoned, as per the applicable RBI norms.
– whether there are any devolved LCs upto the year-

end.
Please also confirm whether the debits have been raised

in separate distinct accounts of the borrowers or to the
normal cash credit/overdraft accounts of the borrowers;
and if not, whether these are considered for
classification of the borrower.

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For Information on guarantees invoked, and

REPLY BY BRANCH
outstanding LCs/co-acceptances. Refer format in
Para 5(e) of Part 1 of the LFAR questionnaire.
(h) Please confirm:

(i) Whether in computing the Drawing Power (DP),
Sundry Creditors comprising unpaid for stocks, are
reduced prior to application of margin as stipulated.
A list of cases where such reduction was not

specifically made (including by the leader bank in
consortium), may be made known and particularly
where it has an adverse effect on the borrowers’
status. Please review all cases of the stock
confirmations/ certificates issued by the borrowers
to the Bank to determine if, and to the extent, the
DP is required to be modified on this account and as
may have a bearing on the limits/drawing power.
This may also be evidenced for us.
(ii) In case of one time settlement proposals under

consideration or where rehabilitation/ rephasement
is being done, whether the amount of sacrifice
including anticipated sacrifice is provided fully.
Particulars of accounts where the borrowers

have defaulted in their commitments after
sanction of the compromise proposal, indicating
classification of the amounts, may be made
available to us. The extent of provision/adjustment,
if any, made may be communicated.
(iii) Whether the Bank has a recovery policy in cases

of compromise/ settlement / write off and is the
policy available at the Branch.
Particulars of cases of compromise/

settlement/write off involving write off/waiver,

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each in excess of Rs.25 lacs, may please be

REPLY BY BRANCH
furnished.
(iv) the particulars of any borrowal accounts with

working capital limits of Rs.10.00 lacs and above,
as also in case where audit is compulsorily required
as per any statute, where the latest audited accounts
are not on record.
(v) Compliance by the Branch of the RBI Master

Circular (No.DBOD No. Dir.BC.17/ 13.03.00/2008-
09 dated 1-7-2008), relating to statutory and other
restrictions as regards Loans and Advances.
In particular it may be confirmed as to whether:

- there are any loans and advances against security of the
Bank’s own shares.
- there is any laid down procedure as regards
identification of directors/ officers and their relatives
and of directors of other banks for purposes of sanction
of loans to the more to concerns in which directors are
interested, as per the said circular.
- loans have been given to companies for buy back of

their shares/ securities.
(i) Advances to share brokers/NBFCs:

Please confirm whether at the Branch, there are
advances to:
– share brokers; if so, the total amount of limits

granted and the aggregate advance due as at the
year-end.
– NBFCs; if so please confirm whether the Reserve

Bank of India has taken any adverse view as regards
their registration or otherwise.

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The status on advances to NBFCs may please be REPLY BY BRANCH

made known, along with their classification.
(j) Advances to Staff

Please confirm:
– the procedure with regard to Advances to Staff
(interest/non -interest bearing), by the Bank, both in
its capacity as a banker and as an employer; also
whether such interest-bearing advances are being
disclosed as Advances.
– the verification procedures followed in respect of

Staff Housing Loans, and in particular, whether the
original documents are held at the Branch and can
be produced for our examination.
(k) Credit Cards:

Please confirm the system followed at the Bank/Branch
for recovery of credit card dues; and whether, and the
extent to which, there are:
– Any debits in the Branch on account of credit card
facilities, and whether the amount is being reflected
as part of the ADVANCES portfolio or as part of
OTHER ASSETS;
– Any arrears/defaults in collection of such dues; and

– Unadjusted debits up to the year end, against the
Credit Card holders’ Current/Savings Accounts.
8. Outstanding in Suspense/Sundries:
Please let us have a summary of the year-wise break up
of amounts:
– debited to Suspense Account (or similar account)

indicating the number of entries and the amount
thereof, with reasons for non-adjustment of
old/large/unusual entries. The amount of provision
for doubtful debits may be confirmed.

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– credited to Sundries/Sundry Deposit Accounts, REPLY BY BRANCH

indicating the reasons for non-adjustment of items
included therein, particularly in respect of items
which are over 3 years old.
(Information may please be provided in the formats
as per the revised LFAR).
9. Provisions/Liabilities remaining unadjusted against

corresponding advances :
Please confirm whether:
– provisions for known liabilities, including for
Fringe Benefits Tax, up to the yearend have been
made (also, based on subsequent entries made) ; and
– there are any advances (e.g. Travel Advance) against
such provisions/liabilities that require to be netted
off for purpose of the financial statements.
– If so, the same may be made known to us, to the
extent unadjusted at the Branch.
10. Inter-branch/Office Accounts/Head Office Account:

(a) Please let us have a statement of entries (head-wise)
which originated prior to the year end at other
branches, but were responded after the year-end at
the Branch.
This statement may please be prepared upto a
cut off date if stipulated by Head Office, and if
not, upto the date of completion of audit but
before submission of our report. (Format at
Annexure VI may please be used and handed
over).
(b) Date-wise details of debits in various nominal or

other sub-heads relating to Inter-branch
transactions, with reasons, particularly for large
outstanding amounts, including those which are
pending for over 30 days as at the Balance Sheet
date.

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(c) Please confirm: REPLY BY BRANCH

– whether, and the extent to which, there are
(under any sub-head), any debits outstanding
over 6 months as at the year -end, and
whether provisions are being considered against
the same at the Branch level;
- whether the Branch has effectively complied
with the centralised Reconciliation Cell, all their
queries in relation to unmatched entries.
Communications as are pending action may
be made available for our review.
– the number of old unadjusted entries and the
aggregate amount as at the year-end comprising
unlinked debits in respect of Drafts and TTs,
MTs paid, which remain outstanding at the
Branch; and whether, and the extent to which,
provision is being considered for the same.
Please confirm the period upto, which the
Reconciliation Cell has sent the statements of
unmatched entries (head-wise).
11. Foreign Currency outstanding transactions :

If the system of conversion of foreign exchange entries
has been decentralized, the precise yearend adjustments
made in the Branch Accounts (head-wise) may please
be made known to us.
Please confirm whether all balances (including off-

balance sheet items) outstanding in foreign currencies
as at the year-end have been converted as at the year-
end rates as applicable; or at the rate(s) as at the date(s)
of origination thereof. Evidence/basis of the rates as
applied may be made available.
12. Contingent Liabilities etc.:

Please confirm whether:
- other than for advances, there are any matters
involving the Branch in any claims (both statutory,
contractual or otherwise) in litigation, arbitration or

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other disputes in which there may be some financial REPLY BY BRANCH

implications, including claims from customers, fraud
cases, for staff claims, municipal taxes, local levies
etc. If so, these may be listed and evidenced for our
verification, and you may confirm whether you have
included these as contingent liabilities in the Branch
financial statements.
- guarantees are being disclosed in the Branch Balance

Sheet, net of cash margins and term deposits, or
otherwise; and whether, and the extent to which,
expired letters of credit, and guarantees where the
claim period has also expired, continue to be
disclosed in the Branch returns. The amount of such
expired obligations may be made known.
- there are any other obligations assumed, e.g. Letters

of comfort; of so, whether the amount of such
obligations is being disclosed in the Branch financial
statements.
- there are any outstanding contracts on capital account

(including for fixed assets to be
acquired/constructed). Details thereof may be given.
- there are any awards in arbitration/litigation or

disputes involving any liability (including based on
any awards by the Banking Ombudsman)
13. Interest Income/Expenditure:

(a) Please let us have a statement showing the rates of
interest applicable during the year on various
- Advances Accounts
- Deposits Accounts
giving reference of the relevant circulars of the
Head Office, and indicating the effective dates and
periodicity of application of the interest rates; and
evidencing that the computer programme was
modified from such effective date(s).

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This information may be sent now, and changes

REPLY BY BRANCH
hereafter may be communicated later as and
when these take place.
Please confirm whether interest being debited at
the end of each month on advances, is also being
compounded for levy of further interest on a
monthly basis. Rectification, in respect of
interest if not properly charged up to the date of
modification of the interest rates during the year,
may please be advised to us, along with the
changes/modifications, if carried out in the
software programme.
Please confirm whether the changes are reflected in

the contracted rates as per documentation.
(b) System of appropriation of recoveries in NPAs :

Please confirm the basis on which recoveries in
NPA Accounts are being appropriated, in particular
where recoveries are in excess of “Interest
Suspense”– whether priority is being given
towards principal or unapplied interest.
Please confirm whether there is any amount of

“Interest Suspense” or “Unapplied Interest” or a
“right of recompense” in borrowal accounts
classified as “Standard”.
If so, details thereof may please be given to us.
(c) As regards advances (including bills), whether:

– any income has been adjusted/recorded to
revenue, contrary to the norms of income
recognition issued by the Reserve Bank of India
and/or Head Office circulars issued in this
regard; and particularly where the chances of
recovery/realisability of the income are remote.

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– in respect of accounts classified as NPA during

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the year, including as at 31.3.20xx, the income
remaining to be realized for the preceding year
is reversed to income or provided for; and that
for the year 20xx-xx such unrealized income is
derecognised.
– any income has been recorded on Non

Performing Accounts (including overdue bills)
other than on actual realisation from the
borrowers, or out of fresh limits sanctioned by
the Bank.
– the reversal of interest income (i.e.derecognised

income), is recorded through «Interest Suspense
» or similar account.
- unapplied interest has been computed and

recorded upto date.
(Please confirm whether the contractual or any

other interest rates are the basis of
computation of unapplied interest).
– Unrealized fees, commission and other charges in

respect of accounts identified as NPAs during the
year, are reversed for all earlier periods.
Amount of income accrued, if any, as at

31.3.20xx on NPAs may please be made known.
– whether interest adjustments on inter branch
balances as communicated by Head Office, have
been duly recorded in the Profit & Loss Account.
Relevant evidence thereof may please be made
available to us.
14. Commission on Govt. business

Please confirm whether at the Branch, income is
being accounted on cash basis or on accrual basis.

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Income accrued upto 31.3.20xx but not

REPLY BY BRANCH
claimed/recorded/received may please be confirmed
to us, together with computation thereof.
Income Receivable by the Branch based on business

done upto 31.3.20xx may be got computed and
made known, if the same is required to be recorded
at the Branch.
15. Interest Provision:

Please confirm:
(a) whether interest provision has been made on
deposits etc. in accordance with the latest
instructions of the Head Office.
A copy of these instructions may be made

available for our information. the amount of
interest accrued and due but not applied (since
the date of last application) on Savings Bank
Account deposits; and further let have the basis
of such computation for each code head .
(b) Whether interest accrued and due on deposits

only forms part of the deposits portfolio (under
the respective subheads) and that interest
accrued and not due is reflected as part of other
liabilities.
16. Employee/Staff Payments and benefits

Please confirm that all payments due to the Branch
employees upto the year end, have been duly
computed and recorded under the respective sub
heads, including incremental liability towards
arrears, if any.
17. Rent, Rates and Taxes

Please confirm that the rents, rates and taxes are
recorded up to the year end, based on:

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- rent/lease agreements for the time being in force REPLY BY BRANCH

and liability has been considered on the basis of
claims/demands and contractual enhancements
due;
- municipal taxes and levies are adjusted/provided
up to the year-end, based on the demands
accepted ; and
– in case of disputed liabilities, if any, the related
contingent liability has been disclosed.
18. Penalties/fines etc:

Please confirm whether any fines or penalties have
been imposed on the Branch, or incurred or paid by
the Branch during the year as arising out of any
defaults to meet statutory or regulatory
requirements or otherwise. If so, the particulars
thereof may be made known; as these would require
separate disclosure in the financial statements of the
Bank and for consideration in the Tax Audit Report.
19. Balance(s) with other Banks (including RBI/SBI)

:
Please confirm the status of reconciliation as at
31.3.20xx, of accounts with other banks in your
Branch; as also whether there are any entries arising
there from as have effect on revenue up to
31.3.20xx, which remain to be adjusted till the year
end. For this purpose you may let us know how the
pending items in reconciliation were adjusted after
31.3.20xx, and whether these are considered in the
MOC.
20. Frauds etc.:

Please confirm whether for the purpose of
provisioning, the relevant particulars have been
prepared at the Branch and whether:
– there are any frauds reported/recorded upto

31.3.20xx;

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- there are any transactions or events involving REPLY BY BRANCH

cases of suspected frauds.
– there are any cases of vigilance or similar enquiry, or
financial claims from customers/others in respect of the
Branch. The relevant records of these may please be
made available.
– any enquiries have been initiated for any suspected
frauds/aberrations. If so, particulars thereof may be
furnished.
– the Branch has complied with the reporting
requirements of RBI and communicated the same as per
the requisite formats including where central
investigating agencies have initiative criminal
proceedings or where RBI had directed that a matter
may be treated as fraud.
Recommendations of the Mitra Committee – Bank

Frauds
While drawing you attention to the contents of the SA 240

issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India,
particularly in that the responsibility for the prevention and
detection of fraud and error rests with the management
through the implementation and continued operation of an
adequate system of internal control, we would request you
to confirm whether, in relation to the operations/activities
of the Branch, anything has come to light which is in the
nature of a fraud, any fraudulent activity, or any matter
susceptible to fraud or foul play, which should receive our
attention; and particularly, if there is anything which
invokes, or is the subject matter of any vigilance, enquiry,
investigation or examination as regards any transaction or
event that is suggestive of attracting compliance or for
reporting to the competent authorities within the Bank, or to
the regulatory authorities.
This would include matters that could arise out of

inadequacies in, or absence/breach of the laid down

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internal control systems and procedures (both REPLY BY BRANCH

accounting and administrative).
Your attention is drawn to the RBI Circular
DBS.FrMC.BC.No.15/23.04.001/2008-09 dated 1.7.2008
relating to Frauds – Classification and Reporting.
21. Asset Liability Management:

Please let us have, duly authenticated, the financial
information regarding the additional disclosures to
be made as at 31.3.20xx, as required by the RBI,
indicating the procedure followed to arrive at the
financial data.
Instructions from the Controlling Authority, in this

behalf, may be made known.
22. LFAR-Branch response to the Questionnaire:

In connection with the LFAR, please let us have
complete information, and evidence, as regards each
item in the questionnaire, to enable us to verify the
same for the purpose of our audit.
Reference may also be made to the important items

as per Annexure VII.
23. Tax Audit in terms of section 44AB of the

Income -Tax Act, 1961:
Please let us have the information required for Tax
Audit to enable us to verify the same for the
purpose of our report thereon.
24. Compliance of Ghosh and Jilani Committee

recommendations
Please confirm whether the Branch has duly
complied with the requirements of the Ghosh and
Jilani Committees and whether such compliance has
been got verified from the Bank’s Inspection
Division and/or the Concurrent Auditors, if any.

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It may be confirmed as to whether there are any REPLY BY BRANCH

adverse observations in respect of any requirements;
and if so, these may please be made known to us.
25. Consideration of laws and regulations for the

purpose of the audit of financial statements :
Please confirm as to whether the Branch is
maintaining a codified list of the related laws and
regulations applicable to the Bank in respect of its
operations/activities to cover all transactions and
events, with which it is concerned; and whether the
Branch management has come across, or is aware of
anything that needs to be brought to our notice for
our consideration or anything suggesting that there
is fundamental effect on the branch’s state of affairs
or operations on account of non-compliance of
these.
26. Other Certification

Please let us have, duly authenticated, information
as regards other matters which, as per the letter of
appointment, require certification/ validation.
The certificates relating to the following (besides

the data as the letter of appointment and assistance
may be sought from the Annexures indicated):
(a) DICGC
(b) PMRY
(c) 12 odd dates data for verification of SLR (Refer
Annex A VIII)
(d) Additional Disclosures
(e) Implementation of the Ghosh and Jilani
Committee recommendations
(f) Movement Chart of NPAs and Provision of
NPAs (Refer Annexure A II)
(g) Information relating to restructuring etc., if any,
undertaken during the year

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BCTT : Please confirm whether the Branch REPLY BY BRANCH

maintains the prescribed records relating to the cash
withdrawals beyond the prescribed limits and
whether tax has been collected and remitted to the
authorities within the prescribed time.
27. Transactions and events after the Balance sheet

date
Please let us have a statement of any significant
transactions or events accruing after the Balance
sheet date but which relate to the period prior to 31-
3-20xx, whether or not yet recognized or
recorded in the accounts of the Branch. This
would include items of income or expense or
capitalization etc. relating to the period prior to the
year end. (particularly also, these are reported in the
inspection/internal/concurrent audit reports relating
up to March 20xx), which need to be incorporated
in the MOC.
28. Investments:
In case the Branch holds any investments on
behalf of the Bank:
(a) these may be produced for physical verification
and/or evidence of holding the same be made
available.
(b) stock of unused security paper

stationery/numbered forms like B/Rs, SGL
Forms etc. may please be produced for physical
verification.
(c) it may be confirmed whether income

accrued/collected has been accounted as per the
laid down procedure, and is not reckoned as
income of the Branch.
The procedure may please be confirmed to us.

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Informations duly completed in respect of Paras 21 to REPLY BY BRANCH

28 should be made available simultaneously with the
returns/statements/schedules, as committed by the Head
Office to be given by the Branch on the date of start the
audit.
Seal of the Branch & Signature of the

Branch Manager :-

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Th : Courier/Hand Delivery
Date
Assistant General Manager,

Bank ………………..
N.D.- …………..
.
Sub :- Statutory Branch Audit 2010-11
Reg :- Physical Verification
Dear Sir,
We wish to convey that we shall be deputing our team in connection with physical
verification of followings as at the close of year i.e. 31.3.2011.
A. Cash and other balances

a) Cash in hand (including with tellers);
b) Cash at sub offices
c) Cash in ATM(s), if operated/controlled; and if any with authorized
agencies for stuffing;
d) Petty Cash/ imprest balances;
e) Postage in hand
f) Tokens, if any
g) Foreign Currency, if any.
In connection with the above, please ensure that you will be getting the
verification done simultaneously, and at all locations, of the balances for the
aforesaid items and produce for our verification the following;
a) Foreign Currency parcels, if any, lying at the Branch.
b) Sealed covers containing cash, if any.
c) Petty Cash and imprest balances held with various officers.
B. Security Paper Stationery/Forms
1. We would be undertaking the physical verification of the unused/ blank security

paper, stationery/ forms lying at the branch, including those issued and are in hand i.e. for
the following:
Time/Term Deposits;
Deposits under various schemes
Travellers’ Cheques
Drafts
….. 2
:: 2 ::
Pay Orders/Banker’s Cheques,

Gift cheques etc. and
Cheque Books / Withdrawal Slips
We would request you to keep ready, a list of stock of all stationery in hand
of the nature and type referred to above, so that verification thereof is
conveniently carried out;
Further please ensure that the relevant registers are also up-to-date to enable us to
verify the balances therein.
2. Instruments of the above nature issued but lying in physical custody of the Branch
may also be listed and got verified.
C. Bills for Collection/Purchased

All bills in hand for collection as well as purchased may be listed out and got
physically verified along with the respective documents.
D. Fixed Deposit Receipts

Undespatched receipts in physical custody of the Branch, in respect of Deposits
received or renewed may be produced.
E. Your formal confirmations for our record

Upon completion of the exercise involving physical verification as aforesaid, we
would request you to let us have a confirmation of the balances as at the close of
the business as at the year-end duly signed by the authorized signatories.
F. External confirmations
May we request you obtain and to let us have, balance confirmation certificates in
respect of:
a) balances with other banks as at the year-end along with
b) reconciliation statements, in evidence of outstandings with such banks
(including, if any, with the Reserve Bank of India);
c) borrowings, if any, recorded at the Branch (banks/institutions)
We expect these certificates/reconciliation statements, duly authenticated, to

be handed over to us along with the Branch returns.
We shall be thankful for your co-operation.
…3
::3::
We shall be willing to visit you on 2nd April 2011 or the earliest date as
convenient to you subject to your sending us the confirmation in this respect.
We shall wait for your reply and the confirmation to make our program
accordingly.
Thanking You
For …………………….
( ………………… )
Partner
Master Circular - Prudential Norms on Income Recognition,
Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances
Part A
1. GENERAL
1.1 In line with the international practices and as per the recommendations made
by the Committee on the Financial System (Chairman Shri M. Narasimham), the
Reserve Bank of India has introduced, in a phased manner, prudential norms for
income recognition, asset classification and provisioning for the
advances portfolio of the banks so as to move towards greater consistency and
transparency in the published accounts.
1.2 The policy of income recognition should be objective and based on record of
recovery rather than on any subjective considerations. Likewise, the classification
of assets of banks has to be done on the basis of objective criteria which would
ensure a uniform and consistent application of the norms. Also, the provisioning
should be made on the basis of the classification of assets based on the period for
which the asset has remained nonperforming and the availability of
security and the realisable value thereof.
1.3 Banks are urged to ensure that while granting loans and advances, realistic
repayment schedules may be fixed on the basis of cash flows with borrowers. This
would go a long way to facilitate prompt repayment by the borrowers and thus
improve the record of recovery in advances.
1.4 With the introduction of prudential norms, the Health Code-based system for
classification of advances has ceased to be a subject of supervisory interest. As
such, all related reporting requirements, etc. under the Health Code system also
cease to be a supervisory requirement. Banks may, however, continue the system at
their discretion as a management information tool.
2. DEFINITIONS
2.1 Non performing Assets
2.1.1 An asset, including a leased asset, becomes non performing when it ceases
to generate income for the bank.
2.1.2 A non performing asset (NPA) is a loan or an advance where;
i. interest and/ or instalment of principal remain overdue for a period of more

than 90 days in respect of a term loan,
ii. the account remains ‘out of order’ as indicated at paragraph 2.2 below, in
respect of an Overdraft/Cash Credit (OD/CC),
iii. the bill remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in the case of
bills purchased and discounted,
iv. the instalment of principal or interest thereon remains overdue for two
crop seasons for short duration crops,
v. the instalment of principal or interest thereon remains overdue for one crop
season for long duration crops,
vi. the amount of liquidity facility remains outstanding for more than 90 days,
in respect of a securitisation transaction undertaken in terms of guidelines on
securitisation dated February 1, 2006.
vii. in respect of derivative transactions, the overdue receivables representing

positive mark-to-market value of a derivative contract, if these remain unpaid for
a period of 90 days from the specified due date for payment.
2.1.3 Banks should, classify an account as NPA only if the interest due and
charged during any quarter is not serviced fully within 90 days from the end
of the quarter.
2.2 ‘Out of Order’ status
An account should be treated as 'out of order' if the outstanding balance

remains continuously in excess of the sanctioned limit/drawing power. In
cases where the outstanding balance in the principal operating account is less than
the sanctioned limit/drawing power, but there are no credits continuously for 90
days as on the date of Balance Sheet or credits are not enough to cover the
interest debited during the same period, these accounts should be treated as 'out
of order'.
2.3 ‘Overdue’
Any amount due to the bank under any credit facility is ‘overdue’ if it is not paid
on the due date fixed by the bank.
3. INCOME RECOGNITION
3.1 Income Recognition Policy
3.1.1 The policy of income recognition has to be objective and based on the
record of recovery. Internationally income from nonperforming assets (NPA)
is not recognised on accrual basis but is booked as income only when it
is actually received. Therefore, the banks should not charge and take to income
account interest on any NPA.
3.1.2 However, interest on advances against term deposits, NSCs, IVPs,

KVPs and Life policies may be taken to income account on the due date,
provided adequate margin is available in the accounts.
3.1.3 Fees and commissions earned by the banks as a result of renegotiations or

rescheduling of outstanding debts should be recognised on an accrual basis over
the period of time covered by the renegotiated or rescheduled extension of
credit.
3.1.4 If Government guaranteed advances become NPA, the interest on such

advances should not be taken to income account unless the interest has been
realised.
3.2 Reversal of income
3.2.1 If any advance, including bills purchased and discounted, becomes NPA,
the entire interest accrued and credited to income account in the past
periods, should be reversed if the same is not realised. This will apply to
Government guaranteed accounts also.
3.2.2 In respect of NPAs, fees, commission and similar income that have
accrued should cease to accrue in the current period and should be reversed
with respect to past periods, if uncollected.
3.2.3 Leased Assets

The finance charge component of finance income [as defined in ‘AS 19 Leases’
issued by the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)]
on the leased asset which has accrued and was credited to income account before
the asset became nonperforming, and remaining unrealised, should be reversed or
provided for in the current accounting period.
3.3 Appropriation of recovery in NPAs
3.3.1 Interest realised on NPAs may be taken to income account provided the
credits in the accounts towards interest are not out of fresh/ additional
credit facilities sanctioned to the borrower concerned.
3.3.2 In the absence of a clear agreement between the bank and the
borrower for the purpose of appropriation of recoveries in NPAs (i.e.
towards principal or interest due), banks should adopt an accounting principle
and exercise the right of appropriation of recoveries in a uniform and
consistent manner.
3.4 Interest Application
On an account turning NPA, banks should reverse the interest already charged
and not collected by debiting Profit and Loss account, and stop further
application of interest. However, banks may continue to record such accrued
interest in a Memorandum account in their books. For the purpose of computing
Gross Advances, interest recorded in the Memorandum account should not be
taken into account.
3.5 Computation of NPA levels
Banks are advised to compute their Gross Advances, Net Advances, Gross NPAs
and Net NPAs, as per the format in Annex -1.
4. ASSET CLASSIFICATION
4.1 Categories of NPAs
Banks are required to classify nonperforming assets further into the following
three categories based on the period for which the asset has remained non-
performing and the realisability of the dues:
i. Substandard Assets
ii. Doubtful Assets
iii. Loss Assets
4.1.1 Substandard Assets
With effect from 31 March 2005, a substandard asset would be one, which has
remained NPA for a period less than or equal to 12 months. In such cases, the
current net worth of the borrower/ guarantor or the current market value of the
security charged is not enough to ensure recovery of the dues to the banks in full.
In other words, such an asset will have well defined credit weaknesses that
jeopardise the liquidation of the debt and are characterised by the distinct
possibility that the banks will sustain some loss, if deficiencies are not corrected.
4.1.2 Doubtful Assets
With effect from March 31, 2005, an asset would be classified as doubtful if it
has remained in the substandard category for a period of 12 months. A loan
classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in assets that were
classified as sub standard, with the added characteristic that the
weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, – on the basis of currently known
facts, conditions and values – highly questionable and improbable.
4.1.3 Loss Assets
A loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal or
external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount has not been written off
wholly. In other words, such an asset is considered uncollectible and of such little
value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there
may be some salvage or recovery value.
4.2 Guidelines for classification of assets
4.2.1 Broadly speaking, classification of assets into above categories should be

done taking into account the degree of well-defined credit weaknesses and the
extent of dependence on collateral security for realisation of dues.
4.2.2 Banks should establish appropriate internal systems to eliminate the
tendency to delay or postpone the identification of NPAs, especially in respect
of high value accounts. The banks may fix a minimum cut off point to decide what
would constitute a high value account depending upon their respective
business levels. The cut off point should be valid for the entire accounting year.
Responsibility and validation levels for ensuring proper asset classification may be
fixed by the banks. The system should ensure that doubts in asset classification
due to any reason are settled through specified internal channels within one month
from the date on which the account would have been classified as NPA as per
extant guidelines.
4.2.3 Availability of security / net worth of borrower/ guarantor
The availability of security or net worth of borrower/ guarantor should not be

taken into account for the purpose of treating an advance as NPA or
otherwise, except to the extent provided in Para 4.2.9, as income recognition
is based on record of recovery.
4.2.4 Accounts with temporary deficiencies
The classification of an asset as NPA should be based on the record of

recovery. Bank should not classify an advance account as NPA merely due to the
existence of some deficiencies which are temporary in nature such as non-
availability of adequate drawing power based on the latest available
stock statement, balance outstanding exceeding the limit temporarily, non-
submission of stock statements and nonrenewal of the limits on the due date, etc.
In the matter of classification of accounts with such deficiencies banks may follow
the following guidelines:
i) Banks should ensure that drawings in the working capital accounts are covered by
the adequacy of current assets, since current assets are first appropriated in
times of distress. Drawing power is required to be arrived at based on the
stock statement which is current. However, considering the difficulties of large
borrowers, stock statements relied upon by the banks for determining drawing
power should not be older than three months. The outstanding in the account based
on drawing power calculated from stock statements older than three months, would
be deemed as irregular.
A working capital borrowal account will become NPA if such irregular drawings are
permitted in the account for a continuous period of 90 days even though the unit
may be working or the borrower's financial position is satisfactory.
ii) Regular and ad hoc credit limits need to be reviewed/ regularised not later than
three months from the due date/date of ad hoc sanction. In case of
constraints such as non-availability of financial statements and other data from
the borrowers, the branch should furnish evidence to show that renewal/ review of
credit limits is already on and would be completed soon. In any case, delay beyond
six months is not considered desirable as a general discipline. Hence, an account
where the regular/ ad hoc credit limits have not been reviewed/ renewed
within 180 days from the due date/ date of ad hoc sanction will be treated
as NPA.
4.2.5 Upgradation of loan accounts classified as NPAs
If arrears of interest and principal are paid by the borrower in the case of loan
accounts classified as NPAs, the account should no longer be treated as non-
performing and may be classified as ‘standard’ accounts. With regard to
upgradation of a restructured/ rescheduled account which is classified as NPA
contents of paragraphs 11.2 and 14.2 in the Part B of this circular will be applicable.
4.2.6 Accounts regularised near about the balance sheet date
The asset classification of borrowal accounts where a solitary or a few

credits are recorded before the balance sheet date should be handled with
care and without scope for subjectivity. Where the account indicates inherent
weakness on the basis of the data available, the account should be deemed
as a NPA. In other genuine cases, the banks must furnish satisfactory
evidence to the Statutory Auditors/Inspecting Officers about the manner of
regularisation of the account to eliminate doubts on their performing status.
4.2.7 Asset Classification to be borrowerwise and not facilitywise
i) It is difficult to envisage a situation when only one facility to a

borrower/one investment in any of the securities issued by the borrower
becomes a problem credit/investment and not others. Therefore, all the
facilities granted by a bank to a borrower and investment in all the
securities issued by the borrower will have to be treated as NPA/NPI and not
the particular facility/investment or part thereof which has become irregular.
ii) If the debits arising out of devolvement of letters of credit or invoked

guarantees are parked in a separate account, the balance outstanding in that
account also should be treated as a part of the borrower’s principal operating
account for the purpose of application of prudential norms on income
recognition, asset classification and provisioning.
iii) The bills discounted under LC favouring a borrower may not be classified as a
Non-performing advance (NPA), when any other facility granted to the borrower is
classified as NPA. However, in case documents under LC are not accepted on
presentation or the payment under the LC is not made on the due date by the LC
issuing bank for any reason and the borrower does not immediately make good the
amount disbursed as a result of discounting of concerned bills, the outstanding bills
discounted will immediately be classified as NPA with effect from the date when
the other facilities had been classified as NPA.
iv) The overdue receivables representing positive mark-to-market value of a

derivative contract will be treated as a non-performing asset, if these remain
unpaid for 90 days or more. In case the overdues arising from forward contracts
and plain vanilla swaps and options become NPAs, all other funded facilities granted
to the client shall also be classified as non-performing asset following the principle
of borrower-wise classification as per the existing asset classification norms.
Accordingly, any amount, representing positive mark-to-market value of the
foreign exchange derivative contracts (other than forward contract and plain
vanilla swaps and options) that were entered into during the period April 2007 to
June 2008, which has already crystallised or might crystallise in future and is /
becomes receivable from the client, should be parked in a separate account
maintained in the name of the client / counterparty. This amount, even if overdue
for a period of 90 days or more, will not make other funded facilities provided to
the client, NPA on account of the principle of borrower-wise asset classification,
though such receivable overdue for 90 days or more shall itself be classified as
NPA, as per the extant IRAC norms. The classification of all other assets of such
clients will, however, continue to be governed by the extant IRAC norms.
v) If the client concerned is also a borrower of the bank enjoying a Cash Credit or
Overdraft facility from the bank, the receivables mentioned at item (iv) above may
be debited to that account on due date and the impact of its non-payment would be
reflected in the cash credit / overdraft facility account. The principle of
borrower-wise asset classification would be applicable here also, as per extant
norms.
vi) In cases where the contract provides for settlement of the current mark-to-
market value of a derivative contract before its maturity, only the current credit
exposure (not the potential future exposure) will be classified as a non-performing
asset after an overdue period of 90 days.
vii) As the overdue receivables mentioned above would represent unrealised income
already booked by the bank on accrual basis, after 90 days of overdue period, the
amount already taken to 'Profit and Loss a/c' should be reversed.
4.2.8 Advances under consortium arrangements
Asset classification of accounts under consortium should be based on

the record of recovery of the individual member banks and other
aspects having a bearing on the recoverability of the advances. Where the
remittances by the borrower under consortium lending arrangements are pooled
with one bank and/or where the bank receiving remittances is not parting with the
share of other member banks, the account will be treated as not serviced in the
books of the other member banks and therefore, be treated as NPA. The
banks participating in the consortium should, therefore, arrange to get their share
of recovery transferred from the lead bank or get an express consent from the
lead bank for the transfer of their share of recovery, to ensure proper asset
classification in their respective books.
4.2.9 Accounts where there is erosion in the value of

security/frauds committed by borrowers
In respect of accounts where there are potential threats for recovery on

account of erosion in the value of security or non availability of security and
existence of other factors such as frauds committed by borrowers it will not
be prudent that such accounts should go through various stages of asset
classification. In cases of such serious credit impairment the asset should be
straightaway classified as doubtful or loss asset as appropriate:
i. Erosion in the value of security can be reckoned as significant when the

realisable value of the security is less than 50 per cent of the value assessed
by the bank or accepted by RBI at the time of last inspection, as the case may be.
Such NPAs may be straightaway classified under doubtful category and
provisioning should be made as applicable to doubtful assets.
ii. If the realisable value of the security, as assessed by the bank/ approved
valuers/ RBI is less than 10 per cent of the outstanding in the borrowal accounts,
the existence of security should be ignored and the asset should be straightaway
classified as loss asset. It may be either written off or fully provided for by the
bank.
4.2.10 Advances to PACS/FSS ceded to Commercial Banks
In respect of agricultural advances as well as advances for other purposes granted

by banks to PACS/ FSS under the on-lending system, only that particular credit
facility granted to PACS/ FSS which is in default for a period of two crop
seasons in case of short duration crops and one crop season in case of long duration
crops, as the case may be, after it has become due will be classified as NPA and
not all the credit facilities sanctioned to a PACS/ FSS. The other direct loans &
advances, if any, granted by the bank to the member borrower of a PACS/ FSS
outside the onlending arrangement will become NPA even if one of the credit
facilities granted to the same borrower becomes NPA.
4.2.11 Advances against Term Deposits, NSCs, KVP/IVP, etc
Advances against term deposits, NSCs eligible for surrender, IVPs, KVPs and
life policies need not be treated as NPAs, provided adequate margin
is available in the accounts. Advances against gold ornaments, government
securities and all other securities are not covered by this exemption.
4.2.12 Loans with moratorium for payment of interest
i. In the case of bank finance given for industrial projects or for agricultural
plantations etc. where moratorium is available for payment of interest,
payment of interest becomes 'due' only after the moratorium or gestation
period is over. Therefore, such amounts of interest do not become overdue
and hence do not become NPA, with reference to the date of debit of
interest. They become overdue after due date for payment of interest, if
uncollected.
ii. In the case of housing loan or similar advances granted to staff members where
interest is payable after recovery of principal, interest need not be considered as
overdue from the first quarter onwards. Such loans/advances should be classified
as NPA only when there is a default in repayment of instalment of principal or
payment of interest on the respective due dates.
4.2.13 Agricultural advances
i. A loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as NPA, if the instalment
of principal or interest thereon remains overdue for two crop seasons. A loan
granted for long duration crops will be treated as NPA, if the instalment of
principal or interest thereon remains overdue for one crop season. For the purpose
of these guidelines, “long duration” crops would be crops with crop season longer
than one year and crops, which are not “long duration” crops, would be treated as
“short duration” crops. The crop season for each crop, which means the period up
to harvesting of the crops raised, would be as determined by the State Level
Bankers’ Committee in each State. Depending upon the duration of crops raised
by an agriculturist, the above NPA norms would also be made applicable to
agricultural term loans availed of by him.
The above norms should be made applicable to all direct agricultural

advances as listed at items 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.4, 1.1.5, 1.1.6 and 1.2.1, 1.2.2 and 1.2.3
of Master Circular on lending to priority sector RPCD. No.Plan. BC. 2 /04.09.01/
2009-2010 dated July 1, 2009. An extract of the list of these items is furnished
in the Annex 2. In respect of agricultural loans, other than those specified in the
Annex 2 and term loans given to nonagriculturists, identification of NPAs would be
done on the same basis as nonagricultural advances, which, at present, is the 90
days delinquency norm.
ii. Where natural calamities impair the repaying capacity of agricultural borrowers,
banks may decide on their own as a relief measure conversion of the short-term
production loan into a term loan or reschedulement of the repayment period; and
the sanctioning of fresh short-term loan, subject to guidelines contained in RBI
circular RPCD. No.PLFS.BC.6/ 05.04.02/ 200405 dated July 1, 2005.
iii. In such cases of conversion or re-schedulement, the term loan as well as fresh
short-term loan may be treated as current dues and need not be classified as NPA.
The asset classification of these loans would thereafter be governed by the
revised terms & conditions and would be treated as NPA if interest and/or
instalment of principal remains overdue for two crop seasons for short duration
crops and for one crop season for long duration crops. For the purpose of these
guidelines, "long duration" crops would be crops with crop season longer than one
year and crops, which are not 'long duration" would be treated as "short
duration" crops.
iv. The debts as on March 31, 2004 of farmers, who have suffered production and
income losses on account of successive natural calamities, i.e., drought, flood, or
other calamities which might have occurred in the districts for two or more
successive years during the past five years may be rescheduled/ restructured
by the banks, provided the State Government concerned has declared such
districts as calamity affected. Accordingly, the interest outstanding/accrued in
the accounts of such borrowers (crop loans and agriculture term loans) up to March
31, 2004 may be clubbed with the principal outstanding therein as on March 31,
2004, and the amount thus arrived at shall be repayable over a period of five
years, at current interest rates, including an initial moratorium of two years.
As regards the crop loans and agricultural term loans which have already been
restructured on account of natural calamities as per the standing guidelines,
only the overdue instalments including interest thereon as on March 31, 2004
may be taken into account for the proposed restructuring. On restructuring
as above, the farmers concerned will become eligible for fresh loans. The
rescheduled/restructured loans as also the fresh loans to be issued to the
farmers may be treated as current dues and need not be classified as NPA. While
the fresh loans would be governed by the NPA norms as applicable to agricultural
loans, in case of rescheduled/restructured loans, the NPA norms would be
applicable from the third year onwards, i.e., on expiry of the initial moratorium
period of two years.
v. In case of Kharif crop loans in the districts affected by failure of the South-
West monsoon as notified by the State Government, recovery of any amount either
by way of principal or interest during the financial year 2002-03 need not be
effected. Further, the principal amount of crop loans in such cases should be
converted into term loans and will be recovered over a period of minimum 5 years in
case of small and marginal farmers and 4 years in case of other farmers. Interest
due in the financial year 2002-03 on crop loans should also be deferred and no
interest should be charged on the deferred interest. In such cases of conversion
or re-schedulement of crop loans into term loans, the term loans may be treated
as current dues and need not be classified as NPA. The asset classification of
these loans would thereafter be governed by the revised terms and conditions and
would be treated as NPA if interest and / or instalment of principal remain overdue
for two crop seasons.
vi. While fixing the repayment schedule in case of rural housing advances granted
to agriculturists under Indira Awas Yojana and Golden Jubilee Rural Housing
Finance Scheme, banks should ensure that the interest/instalment payable on such
advances are linked to crop cycles.
4.2.14 Government guaranteed advances
The credit facilities backed by guarantee of the Central Government though

overdue may be treated as NPA only when the Government
repudiates its guarantee when invoked. This exemption from classification of
Government guaranteed advances as NPA is not for the purpose of recognition
of income. The requirement of invocation of guarantee has been delinked for
deciding the asset classification and provisioning requirements in respect of
State Government guaranteed exposures. With effect from the year ending 31
March 2006 State Government guaranteed advances and investments in State
Government guaranteed securities would attract asset classification and
provisioning norms if interest and/or principal or any other amount due to the
bank remains overdue for more than 90 days.
4.2.15 Projects under implementation
4.2.15.1 For all projects financed by the FIs/ banks after 28th May, 2002, the
date of completion of the project should be clearly spelt out at the time of
financial closure of the project.
4.2.15.2 Project Loans
There are occasions when the completion of projects is delayed for legal and other
extraneous reasons like delays in Government approvals etc. All these factors,
which are beyond the control of the promoters, may lead to delay in project
implementation and involve restructuring / reschedulement of loans by banks.
Accordingly, the following asset classification norms would apply to the project
loans before commencement of commercial operations. These guidelines will,
however, not be applicable to restructuring of advances covered under the
paragraph 14.1 of this Master Circular (Advances classified as Commercial
Real Estate exposures; Advances classified as Capital Market exposure; and
Consumer and Personal Advances) which will continue to be dealt with in terms
of the extant provisions i.e paragraph 14.1 of the circular.
For this purpose, all project loans have been divided into the following two
categories :
(a) Project Loans for infrastructure sector
(b) Project Loans for non-infrastructure sector
'Project Loan' would mean any term loan which has been extended for the purpose
of setting up of an economic venture. Banks must fix a Date of Commencement of
Commercial Operations (DCCO) for all project loans at the time of sanction of the
loan / financial closure (in the case of multiple banking or consortium
arrangements).
4.2.15.3 Project Loans for Infrastructure Sector
(i) A loan for an infrastructure project will be classified as NPA during any time
before commencement of commercial operations as per record of recovery (90
days overdue), unless it is restructured and becomes eligible for classification as
'standard asset' in terms of paras (iii) to (v) below.
(ii) A loan for an infrastructure project will be classified as NPA if it fails to

commence commercial operations within two years from the original DCCO, even if
it is regular as per record of recovery, unless it is restructured and becomes
eligible for classification as 'standard asset' in terms of paras (iii) to (v) below.
(iii) If a project loan classified as 'standard asset' is restructured any time during
the period up to two years from the original date of commencement of commercial
operations (DCCO), in accordance with the provisions of Part B of this Master
Circular, it can be retained as a standard asset if the fresh DCCO is fixed within
the following limits, and further provided the account continues to be serviced as
per the restructured terms.
(a) Infrastructure Projects involving court cases
Up to another 2 years (beyond the existing extended period of 2 years i.e total
extension of 4 years), in case the reason for extension of date of commencement
of production is arbitration proceedings or a court case.
(b) Infrastructure Projects delayed for other reasons beyond the control of
promoters
Up to another 1 year (beyond the existing extended period of 2 years i.e. total
extension of 3 years), in other than court cases.
(iv) It is re-iterated that the dispensation in para 4.2.15.3 (iii) is subject to

adherence to the provisions regarding restructuring of accounts as contained in
the Master Circular which would inter alia require that the application for
restructuring should be received before the expiry of period of two years from
the original DCCO and when the account is still standard as per record of recovery.
The other conditions applicable would be :
a. In cases where there is moratorium for payment of interest, banks should not
book income on accrual basis beyond two years from the original DCCO, considering
the high risk involved in such restructured accounts.
b. Banks should maintain provisions on such accounts as long as these are classified
as standard assets as under :
Until two years from the original DCCO 0.40%
During the third and the fourth years after the 1.00%
original DCCO.
(v) For the purpose of these guidelines, mere extension of DCCO will also be
treated as restructuring even if all other terms and conditions remain the same.
4.2.15.4 Project Loans for Non-Infrastructure Sector
(i) A loan for a non-infrastructure project will be classified as NPA during any time
before commencement of commercial operations as per record of recovery (90
days overdue), unless it is restructured and becomes eligible for classification as
'standard asset' in terms of paras (iii) to (v) below.
(ii) A loan for a non-infrastructure project will be classified as NPA if it fails to

commence commercial operations within six months from the original DCCO, even if
is regular as per record of recovery, unless it is restructured and becomes eligible
for classification as 'standard asset' in terms of paras (iii) to (v) below.
(iii) In case of non-infrastructure projects, if the delay in commencement of
commercial operations extends beyond the period of six months from the date of
completion as determined at the time of financial closure, banks can prescribe a
fresh DCCO, and retain the "standard" classification by undertaking restructuring
of accounts in accordance with the provisions contained in this Master Circular,
provided the fresh DCCO does not extend beyond a period of twelve months from
the original DCCO. This would among others also imply that the restructuring
application is received before the expiry of six months from the original DCCO,
and when the account is still "standard" as per the record of recovery.
The other conditions applicable would be :
a. In cases where there is moratorium for payment of interest, banks should not
book income on accrual basis beyond six months from the original DCCO,
considering the high risk involved in such restructured accounts.
b. Banks should maintain provisions on such accounts as long as these are classified
as standard assets as under :
Until the first six months from the 0.40%

original DCCO
During the next six months 1.00%
(iv) For this purpose, mere extension of DCCO will also be treated as restructuring
even if all other terms and conditions remain the same.
4.2.15.5 Other Issues
(i) All other aspects of restructuring of project loans before commencement of

commercial operations would be governed by the provisions of Part B of Master
Circular on Prudential norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and
Provisioning Pertaining to Advances. Restructuring of project loans after
commencement of commercial operations will also be governed by these
instructions.
(ii) Any change in the repayment schedule of a project loan caused due to an
increase in the project outlay on account of increase in scope and size of the
project, would not be treated as restructuring if :
(a) The increase in scope and size of the project takes place before
commencement of commercial operations of the existing project.
(b) The rise in cost excluding any cost-overrun in respect of the original project is
25% or more of the original outlay.
(c) The bank re-assesses the viability of the project before approving the
enhancement of scope and fixing a fresh DCCP.
(d) On re-rating, (if already rated) the new rating is not below the previous rating
by more than one notch.
(iii)These guidelines would apply to those cases where the modification to terms of
existing loans, as indicated above, are approved by banks from the date of this
circular.
4.2.15.6 Income recognition
(i) Banks may recognise income on accrual basis in respect of the projects under
implementation, which are classified as ‘standard’.
(ii) Banks should not recognise income on accrual basis in respect of the
projects under implementation which are classified as a ‘substandard’ asset.
Banks may recognise income in such accounts only on realisation on cash basis.
Consequently, banks which have wrongly recognised income in the past should
reverse the interest if it was recognised as income during the current year or
make a provision for an equivalent amount if it was recognised as income in the
previous year(s). As regards the regulatory treatment of ‘funded interest’
recognised as income and ‘conversion into equity, debentures or any other
instrument’ banks should adopt the following:
a) Funded Interest: Income recognition in respect of the NPAs, regardless of

whether these are or are not subjected to restructuring/ rescheduling/
renegotiation of terms of the loan agreement, should be done strictly on cash
basis, only on realisation and not if the amount of interest overdue has been
funded. If, however, the amount of funded interest is recognised as income, a
provision for an equal amount should also be made simultaneously. In other words,
any funding of interest in respect of NPAs, if recognised as income, should be
fully provided for.
b) Conversion into equity, debentures or any other instrument: The amount
outstanding converted into other instruments would normally comprise principal and
the interest components. If the amount of interest dues is converted into
equity or any other instrument, and income is recognised in consequence, full
provision should be made for the amount of income so recognised to offset the
effect of such income recognition. Such provision would be in addition to the
amount of provision that may be necessary for the depreciation in the value of the
equity or other instruments, as per the investment valuation norms. However, if
the conversion of interest is into equity which is quoted, interest income can be
recognised at market value of equity, as on the date of conversion, not exceeding
the amount of interest converted to equity. Such equity must thereafter be
classified in the “available for sale” category and valued at lower of cost or market
value. In case of conversion of principal and /or interest in respect of NPAs into
debentures, such debentures should be treated as NPA, ab initio, in the same asset
classification as was applicable to loan just before conversion and provision made
as per norms. This norm would also apply to zero coupon bonds or other
instruments which seek to defer the liability of the issuer. On such debentures,
income should be recognised only on realisation basis. The income in respect of
unrealised interest which is converted into debentures or any other fixed
maturity instrument should be recognised only on redemption of such instrument.
Subject to the above, the equity shares or other instruments arising from
conversion of the principal amount of loan would also be subject to the usual
prudential valuation norms as applicable to such instruments.
4.2.15.7 Provisioning
While there will be no change in the extant norms on provisioning for NPAs,
banks which are already holding provisions against some of the accounts, which
may now be classified as ‘standard’, shall continue to hold the provisions and shall
not reverse the same.
4.2.16 Takeout Finance
Takeout finance is the product emerging in the context of the funding of longterm
infrastructure projects. Under this arrangement, the institution/the
bank financing infrastructure projects will have an arrangement with any financial
institution for transferring to the latter the outstanding in respect of such
financing in their books on a predetermined basis. In view of the timelag involved in
taking-over, the possibility of a default in the meantime cannot be ruled out. The
norms of asset classification will have to be followed by the concerned
bank/financial institution in whose books the account stands as balance sheet item
as on the relevant date. If the lending institution observes that the asset
has turned NPA on the basis of the record of recovery, it should be classified
accordingly. The lending institution should not recognise income on accrual
basis and account for the same only when it is paid by the borrower/ taking over
institution (if the arrangement so provides). The lending institution should also
make provisions against any asset turning into NPA pending its take over by taking
over institution. As and when the asset is taken over by the taking over institution,
the corresponding provisions could be reversed. However, the taking over
institution, on taking over such assets, should make provisions treating the account
as NPA from the actual date of it becoming NPA even though the account was not
in its books as on that date.
4.2.17 Postshipment Supplier's Credit
i. In respect of postshipment credit extended by the banks covering export of

goods to countries for which the ECGC’s cover is available, EXIM Bank has
introduced a guaranteecum-refinance programme whereby, in the event of default,
EXIM Bank will pay the guaranteed amount to the bank within a period of 30 days
from the day the bank invokes the guarantee after the exporter has filed claim
with ECGC.
ii. Accordingly, to the extent payment has been received from the EXIM Bank, the
advance may not be treated as a nonperforming asset for asset classification and
provisioning purposes.
4.2.18 Export Project Finance
i. In respect of export project finance, there could be instances where the actual
importer has paid the dues to the bank abroad but the bank in turn is unable to
remit the amount due to political developments such as war, strife, UN embargo,
etc.
ii. In such cases, where the lending bank is able to establish through
documentary evidence that the importer has cleared the dues in full by depositing
the amount in the bank abroad before it turned into NPA in the books of the bank,
but the importer's country is not allowing the funds to be remitted due to political
or other reasons, the asset classification may be made after a period of one year
from the date the amount was deposited by the importer in the bank abroad.
4.2.19 Advances under rehabilitation approved by BIFR/ TLI
Banks are not permitted to upgrade the classification of any advance in respect of
which the terms have been renegotiated unless the package of renegotiated terms
has worked satisfactorily for a period of one year. While the existing credit
facilities sanctioned to a unit under rehabilitation packages approved
by BIFR/term lending institutions will continue to be classified as substandard or
doubtful as the case may be, in respect of additional facilities sanctioned under
the rehabilitation packages, the Income Recognition, Asset Classification
norms will become applicable after a period of one year from the date of
disbursement.
5 PROVISIONING NORMS
5.1 General
5.1.1 The primary responsibility for making adequate provisions for

any diminution in the value of loan assets, investment or other assets is that
of the bank managements and the statutory auditors. The assessment made by
the inspecting officer of the RBI is furnished to the bank to assist the
bank management and the statutory auditors in taking a decision in regard to
making adequate and necessary provisions in terms of prudential guidelines.
Section 15 of Banking Regulation Act, 1949 – Requiring bank concerned to

make adequate provisions for bad debts to the satisfaction of its auditors.
5.1.2 In conformity with the prudential norms, provisions should be made on the
nonperforming assets on the basis of classification of assets into prescribed
categories as detailed in paragraphs 4 supra. Taking into account the time lag
between an account becoming doubtful of recovery, its recognition as such, the
realisation of the security and the erosion over time in the value of security
charged to the bank, the banks should make provision against substandard assets,
doubtful assets and loss assets as below:
5.2 Loss assets

Loss assets should be written off. If loss assets are permitted to remain in
the books for any reason, 100 percent of the outstanding should be provided
for.
5.3 Doubtful assets
i. 100 percent of the extent to which the advance is not covered by the
realisable value of the security to which the bank has a valid recourse and the
realisable value is estimated on a realistic basis.
ii. In regard to the secured portion, provision may be made on the following
basis, at the rates ranging from 20 percent to 100 percent of the secured
portion depending upon the period for which the asset has remained doubtful:
Period for which the advance

Provision
has
requirement
remained in ‘doubtful’
(%)
category
Up to one year 20
One to three years 30
More than three years 100
Note: Valuation of Security for provisioning purposes
With a view to bringing down divergence arising out of difference in

assessment of the value of security, in cases of NPAs with balance of Rs. 5
crore and above stock audit at annual intervals by external agencies appointed
as per the guidelines approved by the Board would be mandatory in order to
enhance the reliability on stock valuation. Collaterals such as immovable
properties charged in favour of the bank should be got valued once in three
years by valuers appointed as per the guidelines approved by the Board of
Directors.
5.4 Substandard assets

(i) A general provision of 10 percent on total outstanding should be made
without making any allowance for ECGC guarantee cover
and securities available.
(ii) The ‘unsecured exposures’ which are identified as ‘substandard’ would

attract additional provision of 10 per cent, i.e., a total of 20 per cent on the
outstanding balance. However, in view of certain safeguards such as escrow
accounts available in respect of infrastructure lending, infrastructure loan
accounts which are classified as sub-standard will attract a provisioning of 15 per
cent instead of the aforesaid prescription of 20 per cent. To avail of this benefit
of lower provisioning, the banks should have in place an appropriate mechanism to
escrow the cash flows and also have a clear and legal first claim on these cash
flows. The provisioning requirement for unsecured ‘doubtful’ assets is 100 per cent.
Unsecured exposure is defined as an exposure where the realisable value of the
security, as assessed by the bank/approved valuers/Reserve Bank’s inspecting
officers, is not more than 10 percent, ab-initio, of the outstanding exposure.
‘Exposure’ shall include all funded and non-funded exposures (including underwriting
and similar commitments). ‘Security’ will mean tangible security properly discharged
to the bank and will not include intangible securities like guarantees (including
State government guarantees), comfort letters etc.
(iii) In order to enhance transparency and ensure correct reflection of the

unsecured advances in Schedule 9 of the banks' balance sheet, it is advised
that the following would be applicable from the financial year 2009-10
onwards :
a) For determining the amount of unsecured advances for reflecting in schedule

9 of the published balance sheet, the rights, licenses, authorisations, etc.,
charged to the banks as collateral in respect of projects (including
infrastructure projects) financed by them, should not be reckoned as tangible
security. Hence such advances shall be reckoned as unsecured.
b) However, banks may treat annuities under build-operate-transfer (BOT) model

in respect of road / highway projects and toll collection rights, where there are
provisions to compensate the project sponsor if a certain level of traffic is not
achieved, as tangible securities subject to the condition that banks' right to
receive annuities and toll collection rights is legally enforceable and irrevocable.
b) Banks should also disclose the total amount of advances for which intangible
securities such as charge over the rights, licenses, authority, etc. has been taken
as also the estimated value of such intangible collateral. The disclosure may be
made under a separate head in "Notes to Accounts". This would differentiate such
loans from other entirely unsecured loans.
5.5 Standard assets
(i) The provisioning requirements for all types of standard assets stands
amended as below, with effect from November 5, 2009. Banks should make
general provision for standard assets at the following rates for the funded
outstanding on global loan portfolio basis:
(a) direct advances to agricultural and SME sectors at 0.25 per cent;
(b) advances to Commercial Real Estate (CRE) Sector at 1.00 per cent;
(c) all other loans and advances not included in (a) and (b) above at 0.40 per
cent
(ii) The revised norms would be effective prospectively but the provisions held at
present should not be reversed. However, in future, if by applying the revised
provisioning norms, any provisions are required over and above the level of
provisions currently held for the standard category assets, these should be duly
provided for.
(iii) While the provisions on individual portfolios are required to be calculated at

the rates applicable to them, the excess or shortfall in the provisioning, vis-a-vis
the position as on any previous date, should be determined on an aggregate basis.
If the provisions on an aggregate basis required to be held with effect from
November 5, 2009 are less than the provisions already held, the provisions
rendered surplus should not be reversed to P&L and should continue to be
maintained at the existing level. In case of shortfall determined on aggregate
basis, the balance should be provided for by debit to P&L.
(iv) The provisions on standard assets should not be reckoned for arriving at net
NPAs.
(v) The provisions towards Standard Assets need not be netted from
gross advances but shown separately as 'Contingent Provisions against
Standard Assets' under 'Other Liabilities and Provisions Others' in Schedule 5
of the balance sheet.
5.6 Prudential norms on creation and utilisation of floating provisions
5.6.1 Principle for creation of floating provisions by banks
The bank's board of directors should lay down approved policy regarding the level
to which the floating provisions can be created. The bank should hold floating
provisions for ‘advances’ and ‘investments’ separately and the guidelines prescribed
will be applicable to floating provisions held for both ‘advances’ & ‘investment’
portfolios.
5.6.2 Principle for utilisation of floating provisions by banks
i. The floating provisions should not be used for making specific provisions as per
the extant prudential guidelines in respect of nonperforming assets or for making
regulatory provisions for standard assets. The floating provisions can be used only
for contingencies under extraordinary circumstances for making
specific provisions in impaired accounts after obtaining board’s approval and with
prior permission of RBI. The boards of the banks should lay down an approved
policy as to what circumstances would be considered extraordinary.
ii. To facilitate banks' boards to evolve suitable policies in this regard, it is

clarified that the extra-ordinary circumstances refer to losses which do not arise
in the normal course of business and are exceptional and non-recurring in nature.
These extra-ordinary circumstances could broadly fall under three categories viz.
General, Market and Credit. Under general category, there can be situations where
bank is put unexpectedly to loss due to events such as civil unrest or collapse of
currency in a country. Natural calamities and pandemics may also be included in the
general category. Market category would include events such as a general melt
down in the markets, which affects the entire financial system. Among the credit
category, only exceptional credit losses would be considered as an extra-ordinary
circumstance.
iii. In terms of the Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008,
lending institutions shall neither claim from the Central Government, nor recover
from the farmer, interest in excess of the principal amount, unapplied interest,
penal interest, legal charges, inspection charges and miscellaneous charges, etc. All
such interest / charges will be borne by the lending institutions. In view of the
extraordinary circumstances in which the banks are required to bear such interest
/ charges, banks are allowed, as a one time measure, to utilise, at their discretion,
the Floating Provisions held for 'advances' portfolio, only to the extent of meeting
the interest / charges referred to above.
5.6.3 Accounting
Floating provisions cannot be reversed by credit to the profit and loss account.
They can only be utilised for making specific provisions in extraordinary
circumstances as mentioned above. Until such utilisation, these provisions can be
netted off from gross NPAs to arrive at disclosure of net NPAs. Alternatively,
they can be treated as part of Tier II capital within the overall ceiling of 1.25 % of
total risk weighted assets.
5.6.4 Disclosures
Banks should make comprehensive disclosures on floating provisions in the “notes

on accounts” to the balance sheet on (a) opening balance in the floating provisions
account, (b) the quantum of floating provisions made in the accounting year, (c)
purpose and amount of draw down made during the accounting year, and (d) closing
balance in the floating provisions account.
5.7 Additional Provisions for NPAs at higher than prescribed rates
The regulatory norms for provisioning represent the minimum requirement. A

bank may voluntarily make specific provisions for advances at rates which are
higher than the rates prescribed under existing regulations, to provide for
estimated actual loss in collectible amount, provided such higher rates are
approved by the Board of Directors and consistently adopted from year to year.
Such additional provisions are not to be considered as floating provisions. The
additional provisions for NPAs, like the minimum regulatory provision on NPAs, may
be netted off from gross NPAs to arrive at the net NPAs
5.8 Provisions on Leased Assets
i) Substandard assets
a) 10 percent of the sum of the net investment in the lease and the unrealised
portion of finance income net of finance charge component. The terms ‘net
investment in the lease’, ‘finance income’ and ‘finance charge’ are as defined in ‘AS
19 Leases’ issued by the ICAI.
b) Unsecured lease exposures, as defined in paragraph 5.4 above, which are

identified as ‘substandard’ would attract additional provision of 10 per cent, i.e., a
total of 20 per cent.
ii) Doubtful assets
100 percent of the extent to which, the finance is not secured by the realisable
value of the leased asset. Realisable value is to be estimated on a realistic basis. In
addition to the above provision, provision at the following rates should be made on
the sum of the net investment in the lease and the unrealised portion of finance
income net of finance charge component of the secured portion, depending upon
the period for which asset has been doubtful:
Period for which the

Provision
advance has
requirement
remained in ‘doubtful’
(%)
category
Up to one year 20
One to three years 30
More than three years 100
iii) Loss assets
The entire asset should be written off. If for any reason, an asset is allowed to
remain in books, 100 percent of the sum of the net investment in the lease and the
unrealised portion of finance income net of finance charge component should be
provided for.
5.9 Guidelines for Provisions under Special Circumstances
5.9.1 Advances granted under rehabilitation packages approved by BIFR/term

lending institutions
(i) In respect of advances under rehabilitation package approved by BIFR/term
lending institutions, the provision should continue to be made in respect of dues to
the bank on the existing credit facilities as per their classification as substandard
or doubtful asset.
(ii) As regards the additional facilities sanctioned as per package finalised by BIFR
and/or term lending institutions, provision on additional facilities sanctioned need
not be made for a period of one year from the date of disbursement.
(iii) In respect of additional credit facilities granted to SSI units which are
identified as sick [as defined in Section IV (Para 2.8) of RPCD circular
RPCD.PLNFS.BC. No 83 /06.02.31/20042005 dated 1 March 2005] and where
rehabilitation packages/nursing programmes have been drawn by the banks
themselves or under consortium arrangements, no provision need be made for a
period of one year.
5.9.2 Advances against term deposits, NSCs eligible for surrender, IVPs, KVPs,
gold ornaments, government & other securities and life insurance policies would
attract provisioning requirements as applicable to their asset classification status.
5.9.3 Treatment of interest suspense account
Amounts held in Interest Suspense Account should not be reckoned as part of

provisions. Amounts lying in the Interest Suspense Account should be deducted
from the relative advances and thereafter, provisioning as per the norms, should
be made on the balances after such deduction.
5.9.4 Advances covered by ECGC guarantee
In the case of advances classified as doubtful and guaranteed by ECGC, provision

should be made only for the balance in excess of the amount guaranteed by the
Corporation. Further, while arriving at the provision required to be made for
doubtful assets, realisable value of the securities should first be deducted from
the outstanding balance in respect of the amount guaranteed by the Corporation
and then provision made as illustrated hereunder:
Example
Outstanding Balance Rs. 4 lakhs

ECGC Cover 50 percent
Period for which the More than 3 years remained

advance has remained doubtful (as on March 31,
doubtful 2004)
Value of security held
Rs. 1.50 lakhs
(excludes worth of Rs.)
Provision required to be made
Outstanding balance Rs. 4.00 lakhs
Less: Value of security held Rs. 1.50 lakhs
Unrealised balance Rs. 2.50 lakhs
Less: ECGC Cover

Rs. 1.25 lakhs
(50% of unrealisable balance)
Net unsecured balance Rs. 1.25 lakhs
Provision for unsecured portion Rs. 1.25 lakhs (@ 100 percent of

of advance unsecured portion)
Provision for secured portion of Rs.0.90 lakhs (@ 60 per cent of
advance (as on March 31, 2005) the secured portion)
Rs.2.15 lakhs (as on March 31,
Total provision to be made
2005)
5.9.5 Advance covered by CGTSI guarantee
In case the advance covered by CGTSI guarantee becomes nonperforming, no

provision need be made towards the guaranteed portion. The amount outstanding in
excess of the guaranteed portion should be provided for as per the extant
guidelines on provisioning for nonperforming advances. Two illustrative
examples are given below:
Example I
Asset Doubtful – More than 3 years (as on March

classification 31, 2004)
status:
75% of the amount outstanding or 75% of the
CGTSI Cover unsecured amount or Rs.18.75 lakh, whichever
is the least
Realisable value of
Rs.1.50 lakh
Security
Balance
Rs.10.00 lakh
outstanding
Less Realisable
Rs. 1.50 lakh
value of security
Unsecured amount Rs. 8.50 lakh
Less CGTSI cover

(75%) Rs. 6.38 lakh
Net unsecured and Rs. 2.12 lakh
uncovered portion:
Provision Required(as on
March 31, 2005)
Secured portion Rs.1.50 lakh Rs. 0.90 lakh (@ 60%)
Unsecured & Rs.2.12 lakh

Rs. 2.12 lakh (100%)
uncovered portion
Total provision
Rs. 3.02 lakh
required
Example II
Asset classification Doubtful – More than 3 years (as on March

status 31, 2005)
75% of the amount outstanding or 75% of the
CGTSI Cover unsecured amount or Rs.18.75 lakh, whichever
is the least
Realisable value of Rs.10.00 lakh

Security
Balance outstanding Rs.40.00 lakh
Less Realisable value

Rs. 10.00 lakh
of security
Unsecured amount Rs. 30.00 lakh
Less CGTSI cover

(75%) Rs. 18.75 lakh
Net unsecured and
Rs. 11.25 lakh
uncovered portion:
Provision Required
(as on March 31, 2005)
Secured portion Rs.10.00 lakh Rs. 10.00 lakh (@ 100%)
Unsecured &
uncovered Rs.11.25 lakh Rs.11.25 lakh (100%)
portion
Total provision
Rs. 21.25 lakh
required
5.9.6 Takeout finance

The lending institution should make provisions against a 'takeout finance' turning
into NPA pending its takeover by the takingover institution. As and when the asset
is taken-over by the takingover institution, the corresponding provisions could be
reversed.
5.9.7 Reserve for Exchange Rate Fluctuations Account (RERFA)

When exchange rate movements of Indian rupee turn adverse, the outstanding
amount of foreign currency denominated loans (where actual disbursement was
made in Indian Rupee) which becomes overdue, goes up correspondingly, with its
attendant implications of provisioning requirements. Such assets should not
normally be revalued. In case such assets need to be revalued as per requirement
of accounting practices or for any other requirement, the following procedure
may be adopted:
• The loss on revaluation of assets has to be booked in the bank's Profit &
Loss Account.
• Besides the provisioning requirement as per Asset Classification, banks
should treat the full amount of the Revaluation Gain relating to the
corresponding assets, if any, on account of Foreign Exchange Fluctuation as
provision against the particular assets.
5.9.8 Provisioning for country risk
Banks shall make provisions, with effect from the year ending 31 March 2003, on
the net funded country exposures on a graded scale ranging from 0.25 to 100
percent according to the risk categories mentioned below. To begin with,
banks shall make provisions as per the following schedule:
Provisioning
ECGC
Risk category Requirement (per
Classification
cent)
Insignificant A1 0.25
Low A2 0.25
Moderate B1 5
High B2 20
Very high C1 25
Restricted C2 100
Offcredit D 100
Banks are required to make provision for country risk in respect of a country
where its net funded exposure is one per cent or more of its total assets.
The provision for country risk shall be in addition to the provisions required to be
held according to the asset classification status of the asset. In the case of
‘loss assets’ and ‘doubtful assets’, provision held, including provision held for
country risk, may not exceed 100% of the outstanding.
Banks may not make any provision for ‘home country’ exposures i.e. exposure to
India. The exposures of foreign branches of Indian banks to the host
country should be included. Foreign banks shall compute the country exposures of
their Indian branches and shall hold appropriate provisions in their Indian books.
However, their exposures to India will be excluded.
Banks may make a lower level of provisioning (say 25% of the requirement) in
respect of shortterm exposures (i.e. exposures with contractual maturity of
less than 180 days).
5.9.9 Excess Provisions on sale of Standard Asset / NPAs
(a) If the sale is in respect of Standard Asset and the sale consideration is higher
than the book value, the excess provisions may be credited to Profit and Loss
Account.
(b) Excess provisions which arise on sale of NPAs can be admitted as Tier II
capital subject to the overall ceiling of 1.25% of total Risk Weighted Assets.
Accordingly, these excess provisions that arise on sale of NPAs would be eligible
for Tier II status in terms of paragraph 4.3.2 of Master Circular
DBOD.No.BP.BC.73/21.06.001/2009-10 dated February 8, 2010 on Prudential
guidelines on Capital Adequacy and Market Discipline - New Capital Adequacy
Framework (NCAF) and paragraph 2.1.1.2.C of Master Circular
DBOD.No.BP.BC.6/21.01.002/2009-10 dated July 1, 2009 on Prudential Norms on
Capital adequacy - Basel I Framework.
5.9.10 Provisions for Diminution of Fair Value
Provisions for diminution of fair value of restructured advances, both in respect of

Standard Assets as well as NPAs, made on account of reduction in rate of interest
and / or reschedulement of principal amount are permitted to be netted from the
relative asset.
5.9.11 Provisioning norms for Liquidity facility provided for Securitisation

transactions
The amount of liquidity facility drawn and outstanding for more than 90 days, in
respect of securitisation transactions undertaken in terms of our guidelines on
securitisation dated February 1, 2006, should be fully provided for.
5.9.12 Provisioning requirements for derivative exposures

Credit exposures computed as per the current marked to market value of the
contract, arising on account of the interest rate & foreign exchange derivative
transactions, and gold, shall also attract provisioning requirement as applicable to
the loan assets in the 'standard' category, of the concerned counterparties. All
conditions applicable for treatment of the provisions for standard assets would
also apply to the aforesaid provisions for derivative and gold exposures.
5.10 Provisioning Coverage Ratio
i. At present, the provisioning requirements for NPAs range between 10 per cent
and 100 per cent of the outstanding amount, depending on the age of the NPAs and
the security available. Banks can also make additional specific provisions subject to
a consistent policy based on riskiness of their credit portfolios, because the rates
of provisioning stipulated for NPAs are the regulatory minimum. It has been
observed that there is a wide heterogeneity and variance in the level of
provisioning coverage ratio across different banks.
ii. Currently there is a realisation from a macro-prudential perspective that banks

should build up provisioning and capital buffers in good times i.e. when the profits
are good, which can be used for absorbing losses in a downturn. With this in view,
there is a need for improving the provisioning cover as the banking system is
currently making good profits. This will enhance the soundness of individual banks,
as also the stability of the financial sector. It has therefore been decided that
banks should augment their provisioning cushions consisting of specific provisions
against NPAs as well as floating provisions, and ensure that their total provisioning
coverage ratio, including floating provisions, is not less than 70 per cent.
iii. Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) is essentially the ratio of provisioning to gross
non-performing assets and indicates the extent of funds a bank has kept aside to
cover loan losses. Banks are advised to compute the PCR as per the format given in
Annex – 3.
iv. Banks should achieve this norm not later than end-September 2010. Also, the
PCR should be disclosed in the Notes to Accounts to the Balance Sheet.
6. Guidelines on sale of financial assets to Securitisation Company (SC)/

Reconstruction Company (RC) (created under the Securitisation and
Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest
Act,2002) and related issues
6.1 Scope
These guidelines would be applicable to sale of financial assets enumerated in

paragraph 6.3 below, by banks/ FIs, for asset reconstruction/ securitisation under
the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of
Security Interest Act, 2002.
6.2 Structure
The guidelines to be followed by banks/ FIs while selling their financial assets to
SC/RC under the Act ibid and investing in bonds/ debentures/ security receipts
offered by the SC/RC are given below. The prudential guidelines have been
grouped under the following headings:
i) Financial assets which can be sold.
ii) Procedure for sale of banks’/ FIs’ financial assets to SC/ RC, including valuation
and pricing aspects.
iii) Prudential norms, in the following areas, for banks/ FIs for sale of their
financial assets to SC/ RC and for investing in bonds/ debentures/ security
receipts and any other securities offered by the SC/RC as compensation
consequent upon sale of financial assets:
a) Provisioning / Valuation norms
b) Capital adequacy norms
c) Exposure norms
iv) Disclosure requirements
6.3 Financial assets which can be sold
A financial asset may be sold to the SC/RC by any bank/ FI where the asset is:
i) A NPA, including a non-performing bond/ debenture, and
ii) A Standard Asset where:
(a) the asset is under consortium/ multiple banking arrangements,

(b) at least 75% by value of the asset is classified as non-performing asset in the
books of other banks/FIs, and
(c) at least 75% (by value) of the banks / FIs who are under theconsortium /
multiple banking arrangements agree to the sale of the asset to SC/RC.
6.4. Procedure for sale of banks’/ FIs’ financial assets to SC/ RC, including
valuation and pricing aspects
(a) The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of

Security Interest Act, 2002 (SARFAESI Act) allows acquisition of financial assets
by SC/RC from any bank/ FI on such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon
between them. This provides for sale of the financial assets on ‘without recourse’
basis, i.e., with the entire credit risk associated with the financial assets being
transferred to SC/ RC, as well as on ‘with recourse’ basis, i.e., subject to
unrealized part of the asset reverting to the seller bank/ FI. Banks/ FIs are,
however, directed to ensure that the effect of the sale of the financial assets
should be such that the asset is taken off the books of the bank/ FI and after the
sale there should not be any known liability devolving on the banks/ FIs.
(b) Banks/ FIs, which propose to sell to SC/RC their financial assets should ensure
that the sale is conducted in a prudent manner in accordance with a policy approved
by the Board. The Board shall lay down policies and guidelines covering, inter alia,
i. Financial assets to be sold;
ii. Norms and procedure for sale of such financial assets;
iii. Valuation procedure to be followed to ensure that the realisable value of

financial assets is reasonably estimated;
iv. Delegation of powers of various functionaries for taking decision on the sale of
the financial assets; etc.
(c) Banks/ FIs should ensure that subsequent to sale of the financial assets to
SC/RC, they do not assume any operational, legal or any other type of risks relating
to the financial assets sold.
(d) (i) Each bank / FI will make its own assessment of the value offered by the SC
/ RC for the financial asset and decide whether to accept or reject the offer.
(ii) In the case of consortium / multiple banking arrangements, if 75% (by value) of
the banks / FIs decide to accept the offer, the remaining banks / FIs will be
obligated to accept the offer.
(iii) Under no circumstances can a transfer to the SC/ RC be made at a contingent

price whereby in the event of shortfall in the realization by the SC/RC, the banks/
FIs would have to bear a part of the shortfall.
(e) Banks/ FIs may receive cash or bonds or debentures as sale consideration for
the financial assets sold to SC/RC.
(f) Bonds/ debentures received by banks/ FIs as sale consideration towards sale of
financial assets to SC/RC will be classified as investments in the books of banks/
FIs.
(g) Banks may also invest in security receipts, Pass-through certificates (PTC), or
other bonds/ debentures issued by SC/RC. These securities will also be classified
as investments in the books of banks/ FIs.
(h) In cases of specific financial assets, where it is considered necessary, banks/

FIs may enter into agreement with SC/RC to share, in an agreed proportion, any
surplus realised by SC/RC on the eventual realisation of the concerned asset. In
such cases the terms of sale should provide for a report from the SC/RC to the
bank/ FI on the value realised from the asset. No credit for the expected profit
will be taken by banks/ FIs until the profit materializes on actual sale.
6.5. Prudential norms for banks/ FIs for the sale transactions
(A) Provisioning/ valuation norms
(a) (i) When a bank / FI sells its financial assets to SC/ RC, on transfer the same
will be removed from its books.
(ii) If the sale to SC/ RC is at a price below the net book value (NBV) (i.e., book
value less provisions held), the shortfall should be debited to the profit and loss
account of that year.
(iii) If the sale is for a value higher than the NBV, the excess provision will not be
reversed but will be utilized to meet the shortfall/ loss on account of sale of other
financial assets to SC/RC.
(iv) When banks/ FIs invest in the security receipts/ pass-through certificates
issued by SC/RC in respect of the financial assets sold by them to the SC/RC, the
sale shall be recognised in books of the banks / FIs at the lower of:
• the redemption value of the security receipts/ pass-through certificates,

and
• the NBV of the financial asset.
The above investment should be carried in the books of the bank / FI at the price
as determined above until its sale or realization, and on such sale or realization, the
loss or gain must be dealt with in the same manner as at (ii) and (iii) above.
(b) The securities (bonds and debentures) offered by SC / RC should satisfy the
following conditions:
(i) The securities must not have a term in excess of six years.
(ii) The securities must carry a rate of interest which is not lower than 1.5% above
the Bank Rate in force at the time of issue.
(iii) The securities must be secured by an appropriate charge on the assets

transferred.
(iv) The securities must provide for part or full prepayment in the event the SC /
RC sells the asset securing the security before the maturity date of the security.
(v). The commitment of the SC / RC to redeem the securities must be unconditional

and not linked to the realization of the assets.
(vi) Whenever the security is transferred to any other party, notice of transfer
should be issued to the SC/ RC.
(c) Investment in debentures/ bonds/ security receipts/ Pass-through certificates

issued by SC/ RC
All instruments received by banks/FIs from SC/RC as sale consideration for

financial assets sold to them and also other instruments issued by SC/ RC in which
banks/ FIs invest will be in the nature of non SLR securities. Accordingly, the
valuation, classification and other norms applicable to investment in non-SLR
instruments prescribed by RBI from time to time would be applicable to bank’s/
FI’s investment in debentures/ bonds/ security receipts/PTCs issued by SC/ RC.
However, if any of the above instruments issued by SC/RC is limited to the actual
realisation of the financial assets assigned to the instruments in the concerned
scheme the bank/ FI shall reckon the Net Asset Value (NAV), obtained from
SC/RC from time to time, for valuation of such investments.
(B) Exposure Norms
Banks’/ FIs’ investments in debentures/ bonds/ security receipts/PTCs issued by a

SC/RC will constitute exposure on the SC/RC. As only a few SC/RC are being set up
now, banks’/ FIs’ exposure on SC/RC through their investments in debentures/
bonds/security receipts/PTCs issued by the SC/ RC may go beyond their prudential
exposure ceiling. In view of the extra ordinary nature of event, banks/ FIs will be
allowed, in the initial years, to exceed prudential exposure ceiling on a case-to-case
basis.
6.6. Disclosure Requirements
Banks/ FIs, which sell their financial assets to an SC/ RC, shall be required to
make the following disclosures in the Notes on Accounts to their Balance sheets:
Details of financial assets sold during the year to SC/RC for Asset Reconstruction
a. No. of accounts
b. Aggregate value (net of provisions) of accounts sold to SC / RC
c. Aggregate consideration
d. Additional consideration realized in respect of accounts transferred in earlier

years
e. Aggregate gain / loss over net book value.
6.7. Related Issues
(a) SC/ RC will also take over financial assets which cannot be revived and which,
therefore, will have to be disposed of on a realisation basis. Normally the SC/ RC
will not take over these assets but act as an agent for recovery for which it will
charge a fee.
(b) Where the assets fall in the above category, the assets will not be removed
from the books of the bank/ FI but realisations as and when received will be
credited to the asset account. Provisioning for the asset will continue to be made
by the bank / FI in the normal course.
7. Guidelines on purchase/ sale of Non - Performing Financial Assets
In order to increase the options available to banks for resolving their non
performing assets and to develop a healthy secondary market for nonperforming
assets, where securitisation companies and reconstruction companies are not
involved, guidelines have been issued to banks on purchase / sale of NonPerforming
Assets. Since the sale/purchase of nonperforming financial assets under
this option would be conducted within the financial system the whole process of
resolving the non performing assets and matters related thereto has to be
initiated with due diligence and care warranting the existence of a set of clear
guidelines which shall be complied with by all entities so that the process of
resolving nonperforming assets by sale and purchase of NPAs proceeds on smooth
and sound lines. Accordingly guidelines on sale/purchase of nonperforming
assets have been formulated and furnished below. The guidelines may be placed
before the bank's /FI's /NBFC's Board and appropriate steps may be taken for
their implementation.
Scope
7.1 These guidelines would be applicable to banks, FIs and NBFCs purchasing/
selling non performing financial assets, from/ to other
banks/FIs/NBFCs (excluding securitisation companies/ reconstruction companies).
7.2 A financial asset, including assets under multiple/consortium banking

arrangements, would be eligible for purchase/sale in terms of these guidelines if it
is a nonperforming asset/non performing investment in the books of the selling
bank.
7.3 The reference to ‘bank’ in the guidelines on purchase/sale of nonperforming

financial assets would include financial institutions and NBFCs.
Structure
7.4 The guidelines to be followed by banks purchasing/ selling nonperforming
financial assets from / to other banks are given below. The guidelines have been
grouped under the following headings:
i) Procedure for purchase/ sale of non performing financial assets by banks,

including valuation and pricing aspects.
ii) Prudential norms, in the following areas, for banks for purchase/ sale of non
performing financial assets:
a) Asset classification norms

b) Provisioning norms
c) Accounting of recoveries
d) Capital adequacy norms
e) Exposure norms
iii) Disclosure requirements
7.5 Procedure for purchase/ sale of non performing financial assets, including
valuation and pricing aspects
i) A bank which is purchasing/ selling nonperforming financial assets should ensure

that the purchase/ sale is conducted in accordance with a policy approved by the
Board. The Board shall lay down policies and guidelines covering, inter alia,
a) Non performing financial assets that may be purchased/ sold;
b) Norms and procedure for purchase/ sale of such financial assets;
c) Valuation procedure to be followed to ensure that the economic value of

financial assets is reasonably estimated based on the estimated cash flows arising
out of repayments and recovery prospects;
d) Delegation of powers of various functionaries for taking decision on the

purchase/ sale of the financial assets; etc.
e) Accounting policy
ii) While laying down the policy, the Board shall satisfy itself that the bank has
adequate skills to purchase non performing financial assets and deal with them in
an efficient manner which will result in value addition to the bank. The Board
should also ensure that appropriate systems and procedures are in place to
effectively address the risks that a purchasing bank would assume while engaging
in this activity.
iii) Banks should, while selling NPAs, work out the net present value of the
estimated cash flows associated with the realisable value of the available
securities net of the cost of realisation. The sale price should generally not be
lower than the net present value arrived at in the manner described above. (Same
principle should be used in compromise settlements. As the payment of the
compromise amount may be in instalments, the net present value of the settlement
amount should be calculated and this amount should generally not be less than the
net present value of the realisable value of securities.)
iv) The estimated cash flows are normally expected to be realised within a period
of three years and at least 10% of the estimated cash flows should be realized in
the first year and at least 5% in each half year thereafter, subject to full
recovery within three years.
v) A bank may purchase/sell nonperforming financial assets from/to other

banks only on ‘without recourse’ basis, i.e., the entire credit risk associated with
the nonperforming financial assets should be transferred to the purchasing bank.
Selling bank shall ensure that the effect of the sale of the financial assets should
be such that the asset is taken off the books of the bank and after the sale there
should not be any known liability devolving on the selling bank.
vi) Banks should ensure that subsequent to sale of the non performing financial
assets to other banks, they do not have any involvement with reference to assets
sold and do not assume operational, legal or any other type of risks relating to the
financial assets sold. Consequently, the specific financial asset should not enjoy the
support of credit enhancements / liquidity facilities in any form or manner.
vii) Each bank will make its own assessment of the value offered by the purchasing
bank for the financial asset and decide whether to accept or reject the offer.
viii) Under no circumstances can a sale to other banks be made at a contingent

price whereby in the event of shortfall in the realization by the purchasing banks,
the selling banks would have to bear a part of the shortfall.
ix) A nonperforming asset in the books of a bank shall be eligible for sale to other
banks only if it has remained a nonperforming asset for at least two years in the
books of the selling bank.
x) Banks shall sell nonperforming financial assets to other banks only on cash basis.
The entire sale consideration should be received upfront and the asset can be
taken out of the books of the selling bank only on receipt of the entire sale
consideration.
xi) A nonperforming financial asset should be held by the purchasing bank in its
books at least for a period of 15 months before it is sold to other banks. Banks
should not sell such assets back to the bank, which had sold the NPFA.
(xii) Banks are also permitted to sell/buy homogeneous pool within retail non-
performing financial assets, on a portfolio basis provided each of the non-
performing financial assets of the pool has remained as nonperforming financial
asset for at least 2 years in the books of the selling bank. The pool of assets would
be treated as a single asset in the books of the purchasing bank.
xiii) The selling bank shall pursue the staff accountability aspects as per the
existing instructions in respect of the nonperforming assets sold to other banks.
7.6. Prudential norms for banks for the purchase/ sale transactions
(A) Asset classification norms
(i) The nonperforming financial asset purchased, may be classified as ‘standard’ in

the books of the purchasing bank for a period of 90 days from the date of
purchase. Thereafter, the asset classification status of the financial asset
purchased, shall be determined by the record of recovery in the books of the
purchasing bank with reference to cash flows estimated while purchasing the asset
which should be in compliance with requirements in Para 7.5 (iv).
(ii) The asset classification status of an existing exposure (other than purchased
financial asset) to the same obligor in the books of the purchasing bank will
continue to be governed by the record of recovery of that exposure and hence
may be different.
(iii) Where the purchase/sale does not satisfy any of the prudential
requirements prescribed in these guidelines the asset classification status of the
financial asset in the books of the purchasing bank at the time of purchase shall be
the same as in the books of the selling bank. Thereafter, the asset classification
status will continue to be determined with reference to the date of NPA in the
selling bank.
(iv) Any restructure/reschedule/rephrase of the repayment schedule or the

estimated cash flow of the nonperforming financial asset by the purchasing bank
shall render the account as a nonperforming asset.
(B) Provisioning norms
Books of selling bank
i) When a bank sells its nonperforming financial assets to other banks, the same
will be removed from its books on transfer.
ii) If the sale is at a price below the net book value (NBV) (i.e., book value less
provisions held), the shortfall should be debited to the profit and loss account of
that year.
iii) If the sale is for a value higher than the NBV, the excess provision shall not be
reversed but will be utilised to meet the shortfall/ loss on account of sale of other
nonperforming financial assets.
Books of purchasing bank
The asset shall attract provisioning requirement appropriate to its asset

classification status in the books of the purchasing bank.
(C) Accounting of recoveries
Any recovery in respect of a nonperforming asset purchased from other banks

should first be adjusted against its acquisition cost. Recoveries in excess of the
acquisition cost can be recognised as profit.
(D) Capital Adequacy
For the purpose of capital adequacy, banks should assign 100% risk weights to the
nonperforming financial assets purchased from other banks. In case the non-
performing asset purchased is an investment, then it would attract capital charge
for market risks also. For NBFCs the relevant instructions on capital
adequacy would be applicable.
(E) Exposure Norms
The purchasing bank will reckon exposure on the obligor of the specific financial
asset. Hence these banks should ensure compliance with the prudential credit
exposure ceilings (both single and group) after reckoning the exposures to the
obligors arising on account of the purchase. For NBFCs the relevant instructions on
exposure norms would be applicable.
7.7. Disclosure Requirements
Banks which purchase nonperforming financial assets from other banks shall be
required to make the following disclosures in the Notes on Accounts to their
Balance sheets:
A. Details of nonperforming financial assets purchased:
(Amounts in Rupees crore)
1. (a) No. of accounts purchased during the year

(b) Aggregate outstanding
2. (a) Of these, number of accounts restructured during the year

B. Details of nonperforming financial assets sold:
(Amounts in Rupees crore)
1. No. of accounts sold

2. Aggregate outstanding
3. Aggregate consideration received
C.The purchasing bank shall furnish all relevant reports to RBI, CIBIL etc. in
respect of the nonperforming financial assets purchased by it.
8. Writing off of NPAs

8.1 In terms of Section 43(D) of the Income Tax Act 1961, income by way of
interest in relation to such categories of bad and doubtful debts as may be
prescribed having regard to the guidelines issued by the RBI in relation to such
debts, shall be chargeable to tax in the previous year in which it is credited to the
bank’s profit and loss account or received, whichever is earlier.
8.2 This stipulation is not applicable to provisioning required to be made

as indicated above. In other words, amounts set aside for making provision for
NPAs as above are not eligible for tax deductions.
8.3 Therefore, the banks should either make full provision as per the guidelines or
write-off such advances and claim such tax benefits as are applicable, by evolving
appropriate methodology in consultation with their auditors/tax consultants.
Recoveries made in such accounts should be offered for tax purposes as per the
rules.
8.4 Write-off at Head Office Level
Banks may writeoff advances at Head Office level, even though the relative
advances are still outstanding in the branch books. However, it is necessary that
provision is made as per the classification accorded to the respective accounts. In
other words, if an advance is a loss asset, 100 percent provision will have to be
made therefor.
PART B
Prudential Guidelines on Restructuring of Advances by Banks
9. Background
9.1 The guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India on restructuring of

advances (other than those restructured under a separate set of guidelines issued
by the Rural Planning and Credit Department (RPCD) of the RBI on restructuring of
advances on account of natural calamities) are divided into the following four
categories :
(i) Guidelines on restructuring of advances extended to industrial units.

(ii) Guidelines on restructuring of advances extended to industrial units under the
Corporate Debt Restructuring (CDR) Mechanism
(iii) Guidelines on restructuring of advances extended to Small and Medium

Enterprises (SME)
(iv) Guidelines on restructuring of all other advances.
In these four sets of guidelines on restructuring of advances, the differentiation

has been broadly made based on whether a borrower is engaged in an industrial
activity or a non-industrial activity. In addition an elaborate institutional
mechanism has been laid down for accounts restructured under CDR Mechanism.
The major difference in the prudential regulations lies in the stipulation that
subject to certain conditions, the accounts of borrowers engaged in industrial
activities (under CDR Mechanism, SME Debt Restructuring Mechanism and outside
these mechanisms) continue to be classified in the existing asset classification
category upon restructuring. This benefit of retention of asset classification on
restructuring is not available to the accounts of borrowers engaged in non-
industrial activities except to SME borrowers. Another difference is that the
prudential regulations covering the CDR Mechanism and restructuring of advances
extended to SMEs are more detailed and comprehensive than that covering the
restructuring of the rest of the advances including the advances extended to the
industrial units, outside CDR Mechanism. Further, the CDR Mechanism is available
only to the borrowers engaged in industrial activities.
9.2 Since the principles underlying the restructuring of all advances were identical,
the prudential regulations needed to be aligned in all cases. Accordingly, the
prudential norms across all categories of debt restructuring mechanisms, other
than those restructured on account of natural calamities which will continue to be
covered by the extant guidelines issued by the RPCD were harmonised in August
2008. These prudential norms applicable to all restructurings including those under
CDR Mechanism are laid down in para 11. The details of the institutional /
organizational framework for CDR Mechanism and SME Debt Restructuring
Mechanism are given in Annex-4.
It may be noted that while the general principles laid down in para 11 inter-alia
stipulate that 'standard' advances should be re-classified as 'sub-standard'
immediately on restructuring, all borrowers, with the exception of the borrowal
categories specified in para 14.1 below ( i.e consumer and personal advances,
advances classified as capital market and real estate exposures), will be entitled to
retain the asset classification upon restructuring, subject to the conditions
enumerated in para 14.2.
9.3 The CDR Mechanism (Annex 4) will also be available to the corporates engaged
in non-industrial activities, if they are otherwise eligible for restructuring as per
the criteria laid down for this purpose. Further, banks are also encouraged to
strengthen the co-ordination among themselves in the matter of restructuring of
consortium / multiple banking accounts, which are not covered under the CDR
Mechanism.
10. Key Concepts
Key concepts used in these guidelines are defined in Annex-5.
11. General Principles and Prudential Norms for Restructured Advances
The principles and prudential norms laid down in this paragraph are applicable to all
advances including the borrowers, who are eligible for special regulatory treatment
for asset classification as specified in para 14. In these cases, the provisions of
paras 11.1.2, 11.2.1 and 11.2.2 would stand modified by the provisions in para 14.
11.1 Eligibility criteria for restructuring of advances
11.1.1 Banks may restructure the accounts classified under 'standard', 'sub-
standard' and 'doubtful' categories.
11.1.2 Banks can not reschedule / restructure / renegotiate borrowal accounts

with retrospective effect. While a restructuring proposal is under consideration,
the usual asset classification norms would continue to apply. The process of re-
classification of an asset should not stop merely because restructuring proposal is
under consideration. The asset classification status as on the date of approval of
the restructured package by the competent authority would be relevant to decide
the asset classification status of the account after restructuring / rescheduling /
renegotiation. In case there is undue delay in sanctioning a restructuring package
and in the meantime the asset classification status of the account undergoes
deterioration, it would be a matter of supervisory concern.
11.1.3 Normally, restructuring can not take place unless alteration / changes in the
original loan agreement are made with the formal consent / application of the
debtor. However, the process of restructuring can be initiated by the bank in
deserving cases subject to customer agreeing to the terms and conditions.
11.1.4 No account will be taken up for restructuring by the banks unless the
financial viability is established and there is a reasonable certainty of repayment
from the borrower, as per the terms of restructuring package. The viability should
be determined by the banks based on the acceptable viability benchmarks
determined by them, which may be applied on a case-by-case basis, depending on
merits of each case. Illustratively, the parameters may include the Return on
Capital Employed, Debt Service Coverage Ratio, Gap between the Internal Rate of
Return and Cost of Funds and the amount of provision required in lieu of the
diminution in the fair value of the restructured advance. The accounts not
considered viable should not be restructured and banks should accelerate the
recovery measures in respect of such accounts. Any restructuring done without
looking into cash flows of the borrower and assessing the viability of the projects
/ activity financed by banks would be treated as an attempt at ever greening a
weak credit facility and would invite supervisory concerns / action.
11.1.5 While the borrowers indulging in frauds and malfeasance will continue to
remain ineligible for restructuring, banks may review the reasons for classification
of the borrowers as wilful defaulters specially in old cases where the manner of
classification of a borrower as a wilful defaulter was not transparent and satisfy
itself that the borrower is in a position to rectify the wilful default. The
restructuring of such cases may be done with Board's approval, while for such
accounts the restructuring under the CDR Mechanism may be carried out with the
approval of the Core Group only.
11.1.6 BIFR cases are not eligible for restructuring without their express approval.
CDR Core Group in the case of advances restructured under CDR Mechanism / the
lead bank in the case of SME Debt Restructuring Mechanism and the individual
banks in other cases, may consider the proposals for restructuring in such cases,
after ensuring that all the formalities in seeking the approval from BIFR are
completed before implementing the package.
11.2 Asset classification norms
Restructuring of advances could take place in the following stages :
(a) before commencement of commercial production / operation;

(b) after commencement of commercial production / operation but before the
asset has been classified as 'sub-standard';
(c) after commencement of commercial production / operation and the asset has
been classified as 'sub-standard' or 'doubtful'.
11.2.1 The accounts classified as 'standard assets' should be immediately re-

classified as 'sub-standard assets' upon restructuring.
11.2.2 The non-performing assets, upon restructuring, would continue to have the
same asset classification as prior to restructuring and slip into further lower asset
classification categories as per extant asset classification norms with reference to
the pre-restructuring repayment schedule.
11.2.3 All restructured accounts which have been classified as non-performing

assets upon restructuring, would be eligible for up-gradation to the 'standard'
category after observation of 'satisfactory performance' during the 'specified
period' (Annex-5).
11.2.4 In case, however, satisfactory performance after the specified period is

not evidenced, the asset classification of the restructured account would be
governed as per the applicable prudential norms with reference to the pre-
restructuring payment schedule.
11.2.5 Any additional finance may be treated as 'standard asset', up to a period of

one year after the first interest / principal payment, whichever is earlier, falls due
under the approved restructuring package. However, in the case of accounts where
the prerestructuring facilities were classified as 'sub-standard' and 'doubtful',
interest income on the additional finance should be recognised only on cash basis.
If the restructured asset does not qualify for upgradation at the end of the above
specified one year period, the additional finance shall be placed in the same asset
classification category as the restructured debt.
11.2.6 In case a restructured asset, which is a standard asset on restructuring, is

subjected to restructuring on a subsequent occasion, it should be classified as
substandard. If the restructured asset is a sub-standard or a doubtful asset and
is subjected to restructuring, on a subsequent occasion, its asset classification will
be reckoned from the date when it became NPA on the first occasion. However,
such advances restructured on second or more occasion may be allowed to be
upgraded to standard category after one year from the date of first payment of
interest or repayment of principal whichever falls due earlier in terms of the
current restructuring package subject to satisfactory performance.
11.3 Income recognition norms
Subject to provisions of paragraphs 11.2.5, 12.2 and 13.2, interest income in

respect of restructured accounts classified as 'standard assets' will be recognized
on accrual basis and that in respect of the accounts classified as 'non-performing
assets' will be recognized on cash basis.
11.4 Provisioning norms
11.4.1 Normal provisions
Banks will hold provision against the restructured advances as per the existing
provisioning norms.
11.4.2 Provision for diminution in the fair value of restructured advances
(i) Reduction in the rate of interest and / or reschedulement of the repayment of

principal amount, as part of the restructuring, will result in diminution in the fair
value of the advance. Such diminution in value is an economic loss for the bank and
will have impact on the bank's market value of equity. It is, therefore, necessary
for banks to measure such diminution in the fair value of the advance and make
provisions for it by debit to Profit & Loss Account. Such provision should be held in
addition to the provisions as per existing provisioning norms as indicated in para
11.4.1 above, and in an account distinct from that for normal provisions.
For this purpose, the erosion in the fair value of the advance should be computed
as the difference between the fair value of the loan before and after
restructuring. Fair value of the loan before restructuring will be computed as the
present value of cash flows representing the interest at the existing rate charged
on the advance before restructuring and the principal, discounted at a rate equal
to the bank's BPLR as on the date of restructuring plus the appropriate term
premium and credit risk premium for the borrower category on the date of
restructuring. Fair value of the loan after restructuring will be computed as the
present value of cash flows representing the interest at the rate charged on the
advance on restructuring and the principal, discounted at a rate equal to the bank's
BPLR as on the date of restructuring plus the appropriate term premium and credit
risk premium for the borrower category on the date of restructuring.
The above formula moderates the swing in the diminution of present value of loans
with the interest rate cycle and will have to follow consistently by banks in future.
Further, it is reiterated that the provisions required as above arise due to the
action of the banks resulting in change in contractual terms of the loan upon
restructuring which are in the nature of financial concessions. These provisions are
distinct from the provisions which are linked to the asset classification of the
account classified as NPA and reflect the impairment due to deterioration in the
credit quality of the loan. Thus, the two types of the provisions are not substitute
for each other.
(ii) In the case of working capital facilities, the diminution in the fair value of the
cash credit / overdraft component may be computed as indicated in para (i) above,
reckoning the higher of the outstanding amount or the limit sanctioned as the
principal amount and taking the tenor of the advance as one year. The term
premium in the discount factor would be as applicable for one year. The fair value
of the term loan components (Working Capital Term Loan and Funded Interest
Term Loan) would be computed as per actual cash flows and taking the term
premium in the discount factor as applicable for the maturity of the respective
term loan components.
(iii) In the event any security is taken in lieu of the diminution in the fair value of
the advance, it should be valued at Re.1/- till maturity of the security. This will
ensure that the effect of charging off the economic sacrifice to the Profit & Loss
account is not negated.
(iv) The diminution in the fair value may be re-computed on each balance sheet
date till satisfactory completion of all repayment obligations and full repayment of
the outstanding in the account, so as to capture the changes in the fair value on
account of changes in BPLR, term premium and the credit category of the
borrower. Consequently, banks may provide for the shortfall in provision or reverse
the amount of excess provision held in the distinct account.
(v) If due to lack of expertise / appropriate infrastructure, a bank finds it

difficult to ensure computation of diminution in the fair value of advances
extended by small / rural branches, as an alternative to the methodology
prescribed above for computing the amount of diminution in the fair value, banks
will have the option of notionally computing the amount of diminution in the fair
value and providing therefor, at five percent of the total exposure, in respect of
all restructured accounts where the total dues to bank(s) are less than rupees one
crore till the financial year ending March 2011. The position would be reviewed
thereafter.
11.4.3 The total provisions required against an account ( normal provisions plus
provisions in lieu of diminution in the fair value of the advance) are capped at 100%
of the outstanding debt amount.
12. Prudential Norms for Conversion of Principal into Debt / Equity
A part of the outstanding principal amount can be converted into debt or equity
instruments as part of restructuring. The debt / equity instruments so created will
be classified in the same asset classification category in which the restructured
advance has been classified. Further movement in the asset classification of these
instruments would also be determined based on the subsequent asset classification
of the restructured advance.
12.2.1 Standard Accounts
In the case of restructured accounts classified as 'standard', the income, if any,

generated by these instruments may be recognised on accrual basis.
12.2.2 Non- Performing Accounts
In the case of restructured accounts classified as non-performing assets, the

income, if any, generated by these instruments may be recognised only on cash
basis.
12.3 Valuation and provisioning norms
These instruments should be held under AFS and valued as per usual valuation
norms. Equity classified as standard asset should be valued either at market value,
if quoted, or at break-up value, if not quoted (without considering the revaluation
reserve, if any,)which is to be ascertained from the company's latest balance
sheet. In case the latest balance sheet is not available the shares are to be valued
at Rs 1. Equity instrument classified as NPA should be valued at market value, if
quoted, and in case where equity is not quoted,it should be valued at Rs. 1.
Depreciation on these instruments should not be offset against the appreciation in
any other securities held under the AFS category.
13. Prudential Norms for Conversion of Unpaid Interest into 'Funded Interest
Term Loan' (FITL), Debt or Equity Instruments
The FITL / debt or equity instrument created by conversion of unpaid interest will
be classified in the same asset classification category in which the restructured
advance has been classified. Further movement in the asset classification of FITL
/ debt or equity instruments would also be determined based on the subsequent
asset classification of the restructured advance.
13.2.1 The income, if any, generated by these instruments may be recognised on

accrual basis, if these instruments are classified as 'standard', and on cash basis in
the cases where these have been classified as a non-performing asset.
13.2.2 The unrealised income represented by FITL / Debt or equity instrument

should have a corresponding credit in an account styled as "Sundry Liabilities
Account (Interest Capitalization)".
13.2.3 In the case of conversion of unrealised interest income into equity, which is
quoted, interest income can be recognized after the account is upgraded to
standard category at market value of equity, on the date of such up gradation, not
exceeding the amount of interest converted into equity.
13.2.4 Only on repayment in case of FITL or sale / redemption proceeds of the

debt / equity instruments, the amount received will be recognized in the P&L
Account, while simultaneously reducing the balance in the "Sundry Liabilities
Account (Interest Capitalisation)".
13.3 Valuation & Provisioning norms

Valuation and provisioning norms would be as per para 12.3 above. The depreciation,
if any, on valuation may be charged to the Sundry Liabilities (Interest
Capitalisation) Account.
14. Special Regulatory Treatment for Asset Classification
14.1 The special regulatory treatment for asset classification, in modification to

the provisions in this regard stipulated in para 11, will be available to the borrowers
engaged in important business activities, subject to compliance with certain
conditions as enumerated in para 14.2 below. Such treatment is not extended to
the following categories of advances:
i. Consumer and personal advances;
ii. Advances classified as Capital market exposures;
iii. Advances classified as commercial real estate exposures
The asset classification of these three categories accounts as well as that of

other accounts which do not comply with the conditions enumerated in para 14.2,
will be governed by the prudential norms in this regard described in para 11 above.
14.2 Elements of special regulatory framework
The special regulatory treatment has the following two components :
(i) Incentive for quick implementation of the restructuring package.
(ii) Retention of the asset classification of the restructured account in the pre-
restructuring asset classification category
14.2.1 Incentive for quick implementation of the restructuring package
As stated in para 11.1.2, during the pendency of the application for restructuring
of the advance with the bank, the usual asset classification norms would continue
to apply. The process of reclassification of an asset should not stop merely
because the application is under consideration. However, as an incentive for quick
implementation of the package, if the approved package is implemented by the
bank as per the following time schedule, the asset classification status may be
restored to the position which existed when the reference was made to the CDR
Cell in respect of cases covered under the CDR Mechanism or when the
restructuring application was received by the bank in non-CDR cases:
(i) Within 120 days from the date of approval under the CDR Mechanism.
(ii) Within 90 days from the date of receipt of application by the bank in cases
other than those restructured under the CDR Mechanism.
14.2.2 Asset classification benefits
Subject to the compliance with the undernoted conditions in addition to the

adherence to the prudential framework laid down in para 11:
(i) In modification to para 11.2.1, an existing 'standard asset' will not be

downgraded to the sub-standard category upon restructuring.
(ii) In modification to para 11.2.2, during the specified period, the asset
classification of the sub-standard / doubtful accounts will not deteriorate upon
restructuring, if satisfactory performance is demonstrated during the specified
period.
However, these benefits will be available subject to compliance with the following
conditions:
i) The dues to the bank are 'fully secured' as defined in Annex 5. The condition of
being fully secured by tangible security will not be applicable in the following cases:
(a) SSI borrowers, where the outstanding is up to Rs.25 lakh.
(b) Infrastructure projects, provided the cash flows generated from these
projects are adequate for repayment of the advance, the financing bank(s) have in
place an appropriate mechanism to escrow the cash flows, and also have a clear and
legal first claim on these cash flows.
ii) The unit becomes viable in 10 years, if it is engaged in infrastructure activities,

and in 7 years in the case of other units.
iii) The repayment period of the restructured advance including the moratorium, if
any, does not exceed 15 years in the case of infrastructure advances and 10 years
in the case of other advances. The aforesaid ceiling of 10 years would not be
applicable for restructured home loans; in these cases the Board of Director of
the banks should prescribe the maximum period for restructured advance keeping
in view the safety and soundness of the advances. Lending to individuals meant for
acquiring residential property which are fully secured by mortgages on residential
property that is or will be occupied by the borrower or that is rented are risk
weighted as under the new capital adequacy framework, provided the LTV is not
more than 75% , based on board approved valuation policy. However, the
restructured housing loans should be risk weighted with an additional risk weight
of 25 percentage points to the risk weight prescribed already.
iv) Promoters' sacrifice and additional funds brought by them should be a minimum
of 15% of banks' sacrifice. The term 'bank's sacrifice' means the amount of
"erosion in the fair value of the advance", to be computed as per the methodology
enumerated in para 11.4.2 (i) above. Further, the additional funds required to be
brought in by the promoter should be brought up front and not be phased over a
period of time.
v) Personal guarantee is offered by the promoter except when the unit is affected
by external factors pertaining to the economy and industry.
vi) The restructuring under consideration is not a 'repeated restructuring' as

defined in para (v) of Annex 5.
15. Miscellaneous
15.1 The banks should decide on the issue regarding convertibility (into equity)
option as a part of restructuring exercise whereby the banks / financial
institutions shall have the right to convert a portion of the restructured amount
into equity, keeping in view the statutory requirement under Section 19 of the
Banking Regulation Act, 1949, (in the case of banks) and relevant SEBI regulations.
15.2 Acquisition of equity shares / convertible bonds / convertible debentures in

companies by way of conversion of debt / overdue interest can be done without
seeking prior approval from RBI, even if by such acquisition the prudential capital
market exposure limit prescribed by the RBI is breached. However, this will be
subject to reporting of such holdings to RBI, Department of Banking Supervision
(DBS), every month along with the regular DSB Return on Asset Quality.
Nonetheless, banks will have to comply with the provisions of Section 19(2) of the
Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
15.3 Acquisition of non-SLR securities by way of conversion of debt is exempted
from the mandatory rating requirement and the prudential limit on investment in
unlisted non-SLR securities, prescribed by the RBI, subject to periodical reporting
to the RBI in the aforesaid DSB return.
15.4 Banks may consider incorporating in the approved restructuring packages

creditor's rights to accelerate repayment and the borrower's right to pre-pay.
The right of recompense should be based on certain performance criteria to be
decided by the banks.
15.5 Since the spillover effects of the global downturn had also started affecting
the Indian economy particularly from September 2008 onwards creating stress for
the otherwise viable units / activities, certain modifications were made in the
guidelines on restructuring as a onetime measure and for a limited period of time
i.e. up to June 30, 2009. These relaxations have ceased to operate from July 1,
2009; however the same have been consolidated in Annex 8.
16. Disclosures
Banks should also disclose in their published annual Balance Sheets, under "Notes
on Accounts", information relating to number and amount of advances
restructured, and the amount of diminution in the fair value of the restructured
advances in Annex-7. The information would be required for advances restructured
under CDR Mechanism, SME Debt Restructuring Mechanism and other categories
separately. Banks must disclose the total amount outstanding in all the accounts /
facilities of borrowers whose accounts have been restructured along with the
restructured part or facility. This means even if only one of the facilities /
accounts of a borrower has been restructured, the bank should also disclose the
entire outstanding amount pertaining to all the facilities / accounts of that
particular borrower.
17. Illustrations
A few illustrations on the asset classification of restructured accounts are given in

Annex-7.
18. We re-iterate that the basic objective of restructuring is to preserve

economic value of units, not evergreening of problem accounts. This can be
achieved by banks and the borrowers only by careful assessment of the viability,
quick detection of weaknesses in accounts and a time-bound implementation of
restructuring packages.
Part C
Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 - Prudential Norms
on
Income Recognition, Asset Classification, Provisioning, and Capital Adequacy
19. The Background
The Hon'ble Finance Minister, Government of India, in his Budget Speech

(paragraph 73) for 2008-09 has announced a debt waiver and debt relief scheme
for farmers, for implementation by, inter alia, all scheduled commercial banks
(SCBs), and Local Area Banks (LABs). The detailed scheme announced by the
Government of India was communicated to the SCBs and LABs vide our circular
RPCD.No.PLFS.BC.72/05.04.02/2007-08 dated May 23, 2008. The guidelines
pertaining to Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning, and Capital
Adequacy as applicable to the loans covered by the captioned scheme, are
furnished below.
20. Prudential Norms for the Borrowal Accounts Covered under the
Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 (ADWDRS)
As advised vide the circular RPCD.No.PLFS.BC.72/05.04.02/2007-08 dated May

23, 2008, while the entire 'eligible amount' shall be waived in the case of a small or
marginal farmer, in the case of 'other farmers', there will be a one time
settlement scheme (OTS) under which the farmer will be given a rebate of 25 per
cent of the 'eligible amount' subject to the condition that the farmer repays the
balance of 75 per cent of the 'eligible amount'.
20.1 Norms for the Accounts subjected to Debt Waiver
20.1.1 As regards the small and marginal farmers eligible for debt waiver, the
amount eligible for waiver, as defined in the Para 4 of the enclosure to the
aforesaid circular, pending receipt from the Government of India, may be
transferred by the banks to a separate account named "Amount receivable from
Government of India under Agricultural Debt Waiver Scheme 2008". The balance
in this account should be reflected in Schedule 9 (Advances) of the Balance sheet.
20.1.2 The balance in this account may be treated by the banks as a "performing"
asset, provided adequate provision is made for the loss in Present Value (PV) terms,
computed under the assumption that such payments would be received from
Government of India in the following installments :
a) 32% of the total amount due by September 30, 2008,
b) 19% by July 31, 2009,
c) 39% by July 2010, and
d) the remaining 10% by July 2011.
However, the provision required under the current norms for standard assets,
need not be provided for in respect of the balance in this account.
20.1.3 The discount rate for arriving at the loss in PV terms as at para 20.1.2
above should be taken as 9.56 per cent, being the yield to maturity on 364-day
Government of India Treasury Bill, prevailing as on the date of the circular
DBOD.No.BP.BC.26/21.04.048/2008-09 dated July 30, 2008.
20.1.4 The prudential provisions held in respect of the NPA accounts for which the
debt waiver has been granted may be reckoned for meeting the provisions required
on PV basis.
20.1.5 In case, however, the amount of prudential provision held is more than the
amount of provision required on PV basis, such excess provision may be reversed in
a phased manner. This phased reversal may be effected in the proportion of 32%,
19%, 39%, and 10% during the years ended March 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012,
respectively, only after the installments due from the Government, for the relative
years, have been received.
20.1.6 On receipt of the final instalment from the Government, the provision made
for loss in PV terms may be transferred to the General Reserves, below the line.
20.1.7 In case the claim of a farmer is specifically rejected at any stage, the asset
classification of the account should be determined with reference to the original
date of NPA (as if the account had not been treated as performing in the
interregnum based on the transfer of the loan balance to the aforesaid account)
and suitable provision should be made. The provision made on PV basis may also be
reckoned against the NPA-provisions required, consequent upon the account being
treated as NPA due to the rejection of the claim.
20.2. Norms for the Accounts subjected to the Debt Relief
20.2.1 Under the scheme, in the case of 'other' farmers, the farmer will be given
a rebate of 25% of the "eligible amount", by the Government by credit to his
account, provided the farmer pays the balance of 75% of the 'eligible amount'. The
Scheme provides for payment of share of 75% by such farmers in three
instalments and the first two instalments shall be for an amount not less than one-
third of the farmer's share. The last dates of payment of the three instalments
will be September 30, 2008; March 31, 2009 and June 30, 2009, respectively.
Asset Classification
20.2.2 Where the farmers covered under the Debt Relief Scheme have given the
undertaking, agreeing to pay their share under the OTS, their relevant accounts
may be treated by banks as "standard" / "performing" provided :
(a) adequate provision is made by the banks for the loss in PV terms for all the
receivables due from the borrowers as well as the Government; and
(b) such farmers pay their share of the settlement within one month of the due
dates
However, no grace period is allowed for the last instalment and the entire share of
the farmer is payable by June 30, 2009 (cf Para 21.2)
Provisioning
20.2.3 Provisioning for Standard Assets
The accounts subject to debt relief would stand classified as standard assets
after receipt of the aforesaid undertaking from the borrowers. Accordingly, such
accounts would also attract the prudential provisioning as applicable to standard
assets.
20.2.4 Provisioning on PV Basis
For computing the amount of loss in PV terms under the Scheme, the cash flows
receivable from the farmers, as per the repayment schedule vide para 20.2.1
above, as well as from the government should be discounted to the present value.
It may be assumed in this context that the Government's contribution would be
received by June 30, 2010. The discount rate to be applied for the purpose should
be the interest rate at which the loan was granted including the element of
interest subsidy, if any, available from the Government.
20.2.5 The prudential provisions held in respect of the NPA accounts, for which
the debt relief has been granted, may be reckoned for meeting the provisions
required on PV basis as well as for the standard assets (pursuant to classification
of these loans as standard) and shortfall, if any, may be provided for. Thus, the
total provisions held would comprise the provisions required on PV basis, provision
for standard assets and excess prudential provisions, if any, towards NPA.
20.2.6 Provisioning in case of down-gradation of accounts:
As mentioned at para 20.2.2 (b) above, the accounts subject to Debt Relief
Scheme would be classified as standard / performing assets only if the farmers
pay their share of the settlement within one month of the pre-specified due dates.
In case, however, the payments are delayed by the farmers beyond one month of
the respective due dates, the outstanding amount in the relevant accounts of such
farmers shall be treated as NPA. The asset classification of such accounts shall be
determined with reference to the original date of NPA, (as if the account had not
been treated as performing in the interregnum based on the aforesaid
undertaking). On such down-gradation of the accounts, additional provisions as per
the extant prudential norms should also be made.
For meeting this additional provisioning requirement, the excess prudential

provisions, if any, held; the amount of provisions held for standard assets (as per
para 3.3 above) together with the provision made on PV basis, all in respect of such
downgraded account, could be reckoned. Such additional prudential provisions too
should be continued to be held and reversed only as per the stipulation at para
20.2.7 below.
20.2.7 Reversal of Excess Prudential Provisions

In case the amount of the prudential NPA provisions held are larger than the
aggregate of the provision required on PV basis and for the standard assets
(pursuant to classification of these loans as standard), such excess prudential
provision should not be reversed but be continued to be held till the earlier of the
two events, viz., :
(a) till the entire outstanding of the borrower stands repaid - at which point, the
entire amount could be reversed to the P/L account; or
(b) when the amount of such excess provision exceeds the amount outstanding on
account of the repayments by the borrower - at which point, the amount of
provision in excess of the outstanding amount could be reversed to the P/L
account.
20.2.8 Reversal of the Provisions made on PV Basis
The provision made on PV basis represents a permanent loss to the bank on account
of delayed receipt of cash flows and hence, should not be reversed to the P/L
Account. The amount of such provision should, therefore, be carried till the
account is finally settled and after receipt of the Government's contribution under
the Scheme, the amount should be reversed to the General Reserves, below the
line.
20.3 Grant of Fresh Loans to the Borrowers covered under the ADWDRS
20.3.1 A small or marginal farmer will become eligible for fresh agricultural loans
upon the eligible amount being waived, in terms of para 7.2 of the enclosure to the
circular RPCD.No.PLFS.BC.72/05.04.02/2007-08 dated May 23, 2008. The fresh
loan may be treated as "performing asset", regardless of the asset classification
of the loan subjected to the Debt Waiver, and its subsequent asset classification
should be governed by the extant IRAC norms.
20.3.2 In case of "other farmers" eligible for fresh short-term production loans
and investment loans, as provided for in Para 7.6 and 7.7, respectively, of the
enclosure to the circular RPCD.No.PLFS.BC.72/05.04.02/2007-08 dated May 23,
2008, these fresh loans may be treated as "performing assets", regardless of the
asset classification of the loan subjected to the Debt Relief, and its subsequent
asset classification should be governed by the extant IRAC norms.
20.4 Capital Adequacy

The amount outstanding in the account styled as "Amount receivable from
Government of India under Agricultural Debt Waiver Scheme 2008" shall be
treated as a claim on the Government of India and would attract zero risk weight
for the purpose of capital adequacy norms. However, the amount outstanding in the
accounts covered by the Debt Relief Scheme shall be treated as a claim on the
borrowers and risk weighted as per the extant norms. This treatment would apply
under the Basel I as well as Basel II Frameworks.
21. Subsequent Modifications to the Prudential Norms
21.1 Interest payment by the GOI
The Government of India has subsequently decided to pay interest on the 2nd, 3rd,
and 4th instalments, payable by July 2009, July 2010, and July 2011 respectively,
at the prevailing Yield to Maturity Rate on 364-day Government of India Treasury
Bills. The interest will be paid on these instalments from the date of the
reimbursement of the first instalment (i.e. November 2008) till the date of the
actual reimbursement of each instalment.
In view of the above, in supersession of the instructions contained in paragraphs

20.1.2 to 20.1.7, 20.2.2 (a), and 20.2.4 to 20.2.8 above, it has been decided that
the banks need not make any provisions for the loss in Present Value (PV) terms for
moneys receivable only from the Government of India, for the accounts covered
under the Debt Waiver Scheme and the Debt Relief Scheme.
21.2 Change in instalment schedule of “other farmers” under the Debt Relief
Scheme
In view of the recent drought in some States and the severe floods in some other
parts of the country, the Government of India, as announced in the Union Budget
2010-11, has now decided to extend the last date of payment of 75% of overdue
portion by the 'other farmer' under Debt Relief Scheme (under ADWDR) up to
June 30, 2010. The eligible "other farmers" may be allowed to repay this amount in
one or more instalments up to June 30, 2010. The banks will not charge any
interest on the eligible amount for the period from February 29, 2008 to June 30,
2009. However, they may charge normal rate of interest on the eligible amount
from July 01, 2009 up to the date of settlement. Further, no interest shall be paid
by the Government of India to the lending institutions for this extension under the
Scheme while reimbursing the 25% amount to the lending institutions as per the
delayed reimbursement schedule
The Government of India has also advised that the banks / lending institutions are
allowed to receive even less than 75% of the eligible amount under OTS provided
the banks / lending institutions bear the difference themselves and do not claim
the same either from the Government or from the farmer. The Government will
pay only 25% of the actual eligible amount under debt relief.
21.3 In case, however, the payments are delayed by the farmers beyond June 30,
2010, the outstanding amount in the relevant accounts of such farmers shall be
treated as NPA. The asset classification of such accounts shall be determined with
reference to the original date of NPA, (as if the account had not been treated as
performing in the interregnum based on the aforesaid undertaking). On such down-
gradation of the accounts, additional provisions as per the extant prudential norms
should also be made.
21.4 Please refer to the paragraph 20.1.1 which provides that in case of small and
marginal farmers eligible for debt waiver, the amount eligible for waiver, pending
receipt from the Government of India may be transferred by the banks to a
separate account named "Amount receivable from Government of India under
Agricultural Debt Waiver Scheme 2008", and the balance in this account should be
reflected in Schedule 9 (Advances) of the Balance Sheet. It is now clarified that
in case of 'other farmers' eligible for debt relief, after the 'other farmer' has
paid his entire share of 75%, banks may open an account for Debt Relief Scheme,
similar to the one opened for the receivables from GOI under the Debt Waiver
Scheme, and bearing the nomenclature "Amount receivable from Government of
India under Agricultural Debt Relief Scheme 2008". This amount may also be
reflected in Schedule 9 (Advances) of the Balance Sheet.
RBI/2010-11/41
DBOD.BP.BC No. 3/21.04.018/2010-11 July 1, 2010
The Chairmen/Chief Executives of

All Scheduled Commercial Banks
(Excluding RRBs & LAB)
Dear Sir,
Master Circular - Disclosure in Financial Statements - Notes to Accounts
Please refer to the Master Circular DBOD.BP.BC.No.22/21.04.018/2009-10 dated July

1, 2009 consolidating all operative instructions issued to banks till June 30, 2009 on
matters relating to disclosures in the ‘Notes to Accounts’ to the Financial Statements.
The Master Circular has now been suitably updated by incorporating instructions issued
upto June 30, 2010. The Master Circular has also been placed on the RBI web-site
(http://www.rbi.org.in).
2. It may be noted that all relevant instructions on the above subject contained in the
circulars listed in the Annex have been consolidated. In addition, disclosure
requirements contained in "Master Circular – Prudential Guidelines on Capital
Adequacy and Market Discipline - Implementation of the New Capital Adequacy
Framework (NCAF)" will be applicable.
Yours faithfully,
(B. Mahapatra) Chief General Manager-In-Charge
Purpose
To provide a detailed guidance to banks in the matter of disclosures in the ‘Notes to
Accounts’ to the Financial Statements.
Classification
A statutory guideline issued by the Reserve Bank of India under Section 35A of the
Banking Regulation Act 1949.
Previous Guidelines superseded
Master Circular on ‘Disclosure in Financial Statements – Notes to Accounts’ issued vide
DBOD.BP.BC No.22/21.04.018/2009-10 dated July 1, 2009
Scope of application
To all scheduled commercial banks (excluding RRBs & LABs)
Structure
1 Introduction
2.1 Presentation
2.2 Minimum Disclosures
2.3 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
2.4 Disclosure Requirements
3.1 Capital
3.2 Investments
3.2.1 Repo Transactions
3.2.2 Non-SLR Investment Portfolio
3.3 Derivatives
3.3.1 Forward Rate Agreement/ Interest Rate Swap
3.3.2 Exchange Traded Interest Rate Derivatives
3.3.3 Disclosures on risk exposure in derivatives
3.4 Asset Quality
3.4.1 Non-Performing Asset
3.4.2 Particulars of Accounts Restructured
3.4.3 Details of financial assets sold to Securitisation/ Reconstruction Company for
Asset Reconstruction
3.4.4 Details of non performing asset purchased/sold
3.4.5 Provisions on Standard Asset

3.5 Business Ratio
3.6 Asset Liability Management - Maturity pattern of certain items of assets and
liabilities
3.7 Exposures
3.7.1 Exposure to Real Estate Sector
3.7.2 Exposure to Capital Market
3.7.3 Risk Category wise Country Exposure
3.7.4 Details of Single Borrower Limit (SGL), Group Borrower Limit (GBL) exceeded
by the bank
3.7.5 Unsecured advances
3.8 Miscellaneous
3.8.1 Amount of Provisions made for Income-tax during the year
3.8.2 Disclosure of Penalties imposed by RBI
4. Disclosure Requirements as per Accounting Standards where RBI has issued
guidelines
4.1 Accounting Standard 5 – Net Profit or Loss for the period, prior period items
and changes in accounting policies
4.2 Accounting Standard 9 – Revenue Recognition
4.3 Accounting Standard 15 – Employee Benefits
4.4 Accounting Standard 17 – Segment Reporting
4.5 Accounting Standard 18 – Related Party Disclosures
4.6 Accounting Standard 21- Consolidated Financial Statements
4.7 Accounting Standard 22 – Accounting for Taxes on Income
4.8 Accounting Standard 23 – Accounting for Investments in Associates in
Consolidated Financial Statements
4.9 Accounting Standard 24 – Discontinuing Operations
4.10 Accounting Standard 25 – Interim Financial Reporting
4.11 Other Accounting Standards
5. Additional Disclosures
5.1 Provisions and contingencies
5.2 Floating Provisions
5.3 Draw Down from Reserves
5.4 Disclosure of Complaints
5.5 Disclosure of Letters of Comfort (LoCs) issued by banks
5.6 Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR)
5.7 Bancassurance Business
5.8 Concentration of Deposits, Advances, Exposures and NPAs
5.9 Sector-wise NPAs
5.10 Movement of NPAs
5.11 Overseas Assets, NPAs and Revenue
5.12 Off-balance Sheet SPVs sponsored
Annex List of Circulars consolidated by the Master Circular
1. Introduction
The users of the financial statements need information about the financial position and
performance of the bank in making economic decisions. They are interested in its
liquidity and solvency and the risks related to the assets and liabilities recognised on its
balance sheet and to it’s off balance sheet items. In the interest of full and complete
disclosure, some very useful information is better provided, or can only be provided, by
notes to the financial statements. The use of notes and supplementary information
provides the means to explain and document certain items, which are either presented
in the financial statements or otherwise affect the financial position and performance of
the reporting enterprise. Recently, a lot of attention has been paid to the issue of market
discipline in the banking sector. Market discipline, however, works only if market
participants have access to timely and reliable information, which enables them to
assess banks’ activities and the risks inherent in these activities. Enabling market
discipline may have several benefits. Market discipline has been given due importance
under Basel II by recognizing it as one of its three Pillars.
2.1 Presentation
‘Summary of Significant Accounting Policies’ and ‘Notes to Accounts’ may be shown
under Schedule 17 and Schedule 18 respectively, to maintain uniformity.
2.2 Minimum Disclosures

At a minimum, the items listed in the circular should be disclosed in the ‘Notes to
Accounts’. Banks are also encouraged to make more comprehensive disclosures than
the minimum required under the circular if they become significant and aid in the
understanding of the financial position and performance of the bank. The disclosure
listed is intended only to supplement, and not to replace, other disclosure requirements
under relevant legislation or accounting and financial reporting standards. Where
relevant, a bank should comply with such other disclosure requirements as applicable.
2.3 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Banks should disclose the accounting policies regarding key areas of operations at one
place (under Schedule 17) along with notes to accounts in their financial statements. A
suggestive list includes - Basis of Accounting, Transactions involving foreign exchange,
Investments – classification, valuation, etc, Advances and Provisions thereon, Fixed
Assets and Depreciation, Revenue Recognition, Employee Benefits, Provision for
Taxation, Net Profit, etc, etc.
2.4 Disclosure Requirements

In order to encourage market discipline, Reserve Bank has over the years developed a
set of disclosure requirements which allow the market participants to assess key pieces
of information on capital adequacy, risk exposures, risk assessment processes and key
business parameters which provide a consistent and understandable disclosure
framework that enhances comparability. Banks are also required to comply with the
Accounting Standard 1 (AS I) on Disclosure of Accounting Policies issued by the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). The enhanced disclosures have been
achieved through revision of Balance Sheet and Profit & Loss Account of banks and
enlarging the scope of disclosures to be made in “Notes to Accounts”. In addition to the
16 detailed prescribed schedules to the balance sheet, banks are required to furnish the
following information in the “Notes to Accounts”:
3.1 Capital
(Amount in Rs. crore)

Particulars Current Year Previous Year
i) CRAR (%)
ii) CRAR - Tier I Capital (%)
iii) CRAR - Tier II Capital (%)
iv) Percentage of the shareholding of the Government of India in nationalized banks

v) Amount raised by issue of IPDI
vi) Amount raised by issue of Upper Tier II instruments*
* The total eligible amount of HO borrowings shall be disclosed in the balance sheet under the
head ‘Upper Tier II capital raised in the form of Head Office borrowings in foreign currency’.
3.2 Investments
(1) Value of Investments

(i) Gross Value of Investments
(a) In India
(b) Outside India,
(ii) Provisions for Depreciation
(a) In India
(b) Outside India,
(iii) Net Value of Investments
(a) In India
(b) Outside India.
(2) Movement of provisions held towards depreciation on investments.

(i) Opening balance
(ii) Add: Provisions made during the year
(iii) Less: Write-off/ write-back of excess provisions during the year
(iv) Closing balance
3.2.1 Repo Transactions (in face value terms)

Minimum Maximum Daily Average Outstanding as
outstanding during outstanding during outstanding during the on March 31
the year the year year
Securities sold under repo
i. Government securities
ii. Corporate debt
securities
Securities purchased under reverse repo

i. Government
securities
ii. Corporate debt
securities
3.2.2. Non-SLR Investment Portfolio

i) Issuer composition of Non SLR investments
No. Issuer Amount Extent of Extent of Extent of Extent of
Private ‘Below ‘Unrated’ ‘Unlisted’
Placement Investment Securities Securities
Grade’
Securities
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
(i) PSUs
(ii) FIs
(iii) Banks
(iv) Private Corporate
(v) Subsidiaries/ Joint Ventures
(vi) Others
(vii) Provision held XXX XXX XXX XXX
towards
depreciation
Total *
Note: (1) *Total under column 3 should tally with the total of Investments included under the
following categories in Schedule 8 to the balance sheet:
a) Shares
b) Debentures & Bonds
c) Subsidiaries/joint ventures
d) Others
(2) Amounts reported under columns 4, 5, 6 and 7 above may not be mutually exclusive.
ii) Non performing Non-SLR investments
Particulars
Opening balance
Additions during the year since 1st April
Reductions during the above period
Closing balance
Total provisions held
3.3 Derivatives
3.3.1 Forward Rate Agreement/ Interest Rate Swap

Particulars Current year Previous year
i) The notional principal of swap agreements

ii) Losses which would be incurred if counterparties failed to fulfill their obligations
under the agreements
iii) Collateral required by the bank upon entering into swaps
iv) Concentration of credit risk arising from the swaps $

v) The fair value of the swap book @
Note: Nature and terms of the swaps including information on credit and market risk and the
accounting policies adopted for recording the swaps should also be disclosed.
$ Examples of concentration could be exposures to particular industries or swaps with
highly geared companies.
@ If the swaps are linked to specific assets, liabilities, or commitments, the fair value
would be the estimated amount that the bank would receive or pay to terminate the swap
agreements as on the balance sheet date. For a trading swap the fair value would be its
mark to market value.
3.3.2 Exchange Traded Interest Rate Derivatives
S.No. Particulars
(i) Notional principal amount of exchange traded interest rate derivatives
undertaken during the year (instrument-wise)
a) b) c)
(ii) Notional principal amount of exchange traded interest rate derivatives

outstanding as on 31st March …..
(instrument-wise)
a) b) c)
(iii) Notional principal amount of exchange traded interest rate

derivatives outstanding and not "highly effective" (instrument-wise)
a) b) c)
(iv) Mark-to-market value of exchange traded interest rate derivatives outstanding

and not "highly effective" (instrument-wise)
a) b) c)
3.3.3 Disclosures on risk exposure in derivatives
Qualitative Disclosure
Banks shall discuss their risk management policies pertaining to derivatives with
particular reference to the extent to which derivatives are used, the associated
risks and business purposes served. The discussion shall also include:
a) the structure and organization for management of risk in derivatives
trading,
b) the scope and nature of risk measurement, risk reporting and risk
monitoring systems,
c) policies for hedging and/ or mitigating risk and strategies and processes for
monitoring the continuing effectiveness of hedges / mitigants, and
d) accounting policy for recording hedge and non-hedge transactions;
recognition of income, premiums and discounts; valuation of outstanding
contracts; provisioning, collateral and credit risk mitigation.
Quantitative Disclosures
Sl.No Particular Currency Derivatives Interest rate derivatives
(i) Derivatives (Notional Principal Amount)

a) For hedging
b) For trading
(ii) Marked to Market Positions [1]
a) Asset (+)
b) Liability (-)
(iii) Credit Exposure [2]
(iv) Likely impact of one percentage change in interest rate (100*PV01)
a) on hedging derivatives
b) on trading derivatives
(v) Maximum and Minimum of 100*PV01 observed during the year
a) on hedging
b) on trading
3.4 Asset Quality

3.4.1 Non-Performing Assets
(i) Net NPAs to Net Advances (%)

(ii) Movement of NPAs (Gross)
(a) Opening balance
(b) Additions during the year
(c) Reductions during the year
(d) Closing balance
(iii) Movement of Net NPAs

(a) Opening balance
(b) Additions during the year
(c) Reductions during the year
(d) Closing balance
(iv) Movement of provisions for NPAs

(excluding provisions on standard assets)
(a) Opening balance
(b) Provisions made during the year
(c) Write-off/ write-back of excess provisions
(d) Closing balance
3.4.2 Particulars of Accounts Restructured

CDR Mechanism SME Debt Restructuring Others
Standard advances restructured No. of Borrowers
Amount outstanding
Sacrifice (diminution in the fair value)
Sub-standard advances restructured No. of Borrowers
Amount outstanding
Doubtful advances restructured No. of Borrowers
Amount outstanding
TOTAL No. of Borrowers

Amount outstanding
Note: Banks must disclose the total amount outstanding in all the accounts / facilities of
borrowers whose accounts have been restructured along with the restructured part or facility.
This means even if only one of the facilities / accounts of a borrower has been restructured, the
bank should also disclose the entire outstanding amount pertaining to all the facilities / accounts
of that particular borrower.
3.4.3 Details of financial assets sold to Securitisation/ Reconstruction

Company for Asset Reconstruction
Particulars Current year Previous Year
(i) No. of accounts

(ii) Aggregate value (net of provisions) of accounts sold to SC/RC
(iii) Aggregate consideration
(iv) Additional consideration realized in respect of accounts transferred in earlier years

(v) Aggregate gain/loss over net book value
3.4.4 Details of non-performing financial assets purchased/sold Banks which
purchase non-performing financial assets from other banks shall be required to make
the following disclosures in the Notes on Accounts to their Balance sheets:
A. Details of non-performing financial assets purchased:
1. (a) No. of accounts purchased during the year

2. (a) Of these, number of accounts restructured during the year
B. Details of non-performing financial assets sold:

1. No. of accounts sold

2. Aggregate outstanding
3. Aggregate consideration received
3.4.5 Provisions on Standard Assets

Provisions towards Standard Assets
Note: Provisions towards Standard Assets need not be netted from gross advances but
shown separately as 'Provisions against Standard Assets', under 'Other Liabilities and
Provisions - Others' in Schedule No. 5 of the balance sheet.
3.5. Business Ratios

(i) Interest Income as a percentage to Working Funds $
(ii) Non-interest income as a percentage to Working Funds
(iii) Operating Profit as a percentage to Working Funds $

(iv) Return on Assets@
(v) Business (Deposits plus advances) per employee # (Rs.in crore)
(vi) Profit per employee (Rs. in crore)
$ Working funds to be reckoned as average of total assets (excluding accumulated losses, if

any) as reported to Reserve Bank of India in Form X under Section 27 of the Banking
Regulation Act, 1949, during the 12 months of the financial year.
@ 'Return on Assets would be with reference to average working funds (i.e. total of assets
excluding accumulated losses, if any).
# For the purpose of computation of business per employee (deposits plus advances) inter
bank deposits may be excluded.
3.6 Asset Liability Management
Maturity pattern of certain items of assets and liabilities
Day 2 8 15 29 Over Over Over Over Over Total
1 to to to days 3 6 1 year 3 years & up 5
7 14 28 to month Month & to 5 years years
days days days 3 & up & up up to
Month to to 3
6 1 year years
month
Deposits
Advances
Investments
Borrowings
Foreign Currency assets
Foreign Currency liabilities
3.7 Exposures
3.7.1 Exposure to Real Estate Sector

Category Current year Previous Year
a) Direct exposure
(i) Residential Mortgages –
Lending fully secured by mortgages on residential property that is or will be
occupied by the borrower or that is rented; (Individual housing loans eligible for
inclusion in priority sector advances may be shown separately)
(ii) Commercial Real Estate –
Lending secured by mortgages on commercial real estates (office buildings, retail
space, multi-purpose commercial premises, multi-family residential buildings, multi-
tenanted commercial premises, industrial or warehouse space, hotels, land
acquisition, development and construction, etc.). Exposure would also include non-
fund based (NFB) limits;
(iii) Investments in Mortgage Backed Securities (MBS) and other securitised
exposures –
a. Residential,
b. Commercial Real Estate.
b) Indirect Exposure
Fund based and non-fund based exposures on National Housing Bank (NHB) and
Housing Finance Companies (HFCs).
Total Exposure to Real Estate Sector

3.7.2 Exposure to Capital Market
(i) direct investment in equity shares, convertible bonds, convertible debentures

and units of equity-oriented mutual funds the corpus of which is not exclusively
invested in corporate debt;
(ii) advances against shares/bonds/ debentures or other securities or on clean
basis to individuals for investment in shares (including IPOs/ESOPs), convertible
bonds, convertible debentures, and units of equity-oriented mutual funds;
(iii) advances for any other purposes where shares or convertible bonds or
convertible debentures or units of equity oriented mutual funds are taken as primary
security;
(iv) advances for any other purposes to the extent secured by the collateral
security of shares or convertible bonds or convertible debentures or units of equity
oriented mutual funds i.e. where the primary security other than shares/convertible
bonds/convertible debentures/units of equity oriented mutual funds `does not fully
cover the advances;
(v) secured and unsecured advances to stockbrokers and guarantees issued on
behalf of stockbrokers and market makers;
(vi) loans sanctioned to corporates against the security of shares /
bonds/debentures or other securities or on clean basis for meeting promoter’s
contribution to the equity of new companies in anticipation of raising resources;
(vii) bridge loans to companies against expected equity flows/issues;
(viii) underwriting commitments taken up by the banks in respect of primary
issue of shares or convertible bonds or convertible debentures or units of equity
oriented mutual funds;
(ix) financing to stockbrokers for margin trading;
(x) all exposures to Venture Capital Funds (both registered and unregistered)
Total Exposure to Capital Market

3.7.3 Risk Category wise Country Exposure
Risk Exposure (net) Provision held Exposure (net) Provision held

Category* as at March… as at March… as at March… as at March…
(Current Year) (Current Year) (Previous Year) (Previous Year)
Insignificant
Low
Moderate
High
Very High
Restricted
Off-credit
Total
*Till such time, as banks move over to internal rating systems, banks may use the seven
category classification followed by Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Ltd.
(ECGC) for the purpose of classification and making provisions for country risk exposures.
ECGC shall provide to banks, on request, quarterly updates of their country classifications
and shall also inform all banks in case of any sudden major changes in country classification
in the interim period.
3.7.4 Details of Single Borrower Limit (SGL)/ Group Borrower Limit (GBL)
exceeded by the bank.
The bank should make appropriate disclosure in the ‘Notes to Account’ to the annual
financial statements in respect of the exposures where the bank had exceeded the
prudential exposure limits during the year. The sanctioned limit or entire outstanding,
whichever is high, shall be reckoned for arriving at exposure limit and for disclosure
purpose.
3. 7.5 Unsecured Advances

In order to enhance transparency and ensure correct reflection of the unsecured
advances in Schedule 9 of the banks’ balance sheet, it is advised as under:
a) For determining the amount of unsecured advances for reflecting in Schedule 9 of the
published balance sheet, the rights, licenses, authorisations, etc., charged to the banks
as collateral in respect of projects (including infrastructure projects) financed by them,
should not be reckoned as tangible security. Hence such advances shall be reckoned
as unsecured.
b) Banks should also disclose the total amount of advances for which intangible
securities such as charge over the rights, licenses, authority, etc. has been taken as
also the estimated value of such intangible collateral. The disclosure may be made
under a separate head in “Notes to Accounts”. This would differentiate such loans from
other entirely unsecured loans.
3.8 Miscellaneous
3.8.1 Amount of Provisions made for Income-tax during the year:

Provision for Income Tax
3.8.2 Disclosure of Penalties imposed by RBI

At present, Reserve Bank is empowered to impose penalties on a commercial bank
under the provision of Section 46 (4) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, for
contraventions of any of the provisions of the Act or non-compliance with any other
requirements of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949; order, rule or condition specified by
Reserve Bank under the Act. Consistent with the international best practices in
disclosure of penalties imposed by the regulator, it has been decided that the details of
the levy of penalty on a bank in public domain will be in the interests of the investors
and depositors. It has also been decided that strictures or directions on the basis of
inspection reports or other adverse findings should be placed in the public domain. The
penalty should also be disclosed in the "Notes on Accounts" to the Balance Sheet.
4. Disclosure Requirements as per Accounting Standards where RBI has issued

guidelines in respect of disclosure items for ‘Notes to Accounts:
4.1 Accounting Standard 5 – Net Profit or Loss for the period, prior period items
and changes in accounting policies. Since the format of the profit and loss account of
banks prescribed in Form B under Third Schedule to the Banking Regulation Act 1949
does not specifically provide for disclosure of the impact of prior period items on the
current year’s profit and loss, such disclosures, wherever warranted, may be made in
the ‘Notes to Accounts’ to the balance sheet of banks.
4.2 Accounting Standard 9 – Revenue Recognition
This Standard requires that in addition to the disclosures required by Accounting
Standard 1 on ‘Disclosure of Accounting Policies’ (AS 1), an enterprise should also
disclose the circumstances in which revenue recognition has been postponed pending
the resolution of significant uncertainties.
4.3 Accounting Standard 15 – Employee Benefits

Banks may follow the disclosure requirements prescribed under AS 15 (revised),
‘Employees Benefit’ issued by ICAI.
4.4 Accounting Standard 17 – Segment Reporting
While complying with the above Accounting Standard, banks are required to adopt the
following:
a) The business segment should ordinarily be considered as the primary reporting
format and geographical segment would be the secondary reporting format.
b) The business segments will be ‘Treasury’, ‘Corporate/Wholesale Banking’, ‘Retail
Banking’ and ‘Other banking operations’.
c) ‘Domestic’ and ‘International’ segments will be the geographic segments for
disclosure.
d) Banks may adopt their own methods, on a reasonable and consistent basis, for
allocation of expenditure among the segments.
Accounting Standard 17 - Format for disclosure under segment reporting

Part A: Business segments
Business Treasury Corporate/ Retail Banking Other Total
Segments Wholesale Banking
Banking Operation
s
Particul Curre Previo Curre Previous Cur Previo Curre Previous Cur Previo
ars nt us nt Year rent us Year year rent us
Year Year Year Yea Year Yea Year
r r
Revenue
Result
Unallocated expenses
Operating profit
Income taxes
Extraordinary profit/ loss
Net profit
Other Information:
Segment assets
Unallocated assets
Total assets
Segment liabilities
Unallocated liabilities
Total liabilities
Note: No disclosure need be made in the shaded portion
Part B: Geographic segments

Domestic International Total
Current Year Previous Year Current Year Previous Year Current Year Previous Year
Revenue
Assets
4.5 Accounting Standard 18 – Related Party Disclosures

This Standard is applied in reporting related party relationships and transactions
between a reporting enterprise and its related parties. The illustrative disclosure format
recommended by the ICAI as a part of General Clarification (GC) 2/2002 has been
suitably modified to suit banks. The illustrative format of disclosure by banks for the AS
18 is furnished below:
Accounting Standard 18 - Format for Related Party Disclosures
The manner of disclosures required by paragraphs 23 and 26 of AS 18 is illustrated
below. It may be noted that the format is merely illustrative and is not exhaustive.
Items/Related Parent Subsidiaries Associates/ Key Relatives of Total
Party (as per Joint Management Key
ownership ventures Personnel @ Management
or control) Personnel
Borrowings #
Deposit#
Placement of deposits #
Advances #
Investments#
Non-funded commitments#
Leasing/HP arrangements availed #
Leasing/HP arrangements provided #
Purchase of fixed assets

Sale of fixed assets
Interest paid
Interest received
Rendering of services *
Receiving of services *
Management contracts*
Note: Where there is only one entity in any category of related party, banks need not
disclose any details pertaining to that related party other than the relationship with that
related party [c.f. Para 8.3.1 of the Guidelines]
* Contract services etc. and not services like remittance facilities, locker facilities etc.
@ Whole time directors of the Board and CEOs of the branches of foreign banks in
India.
# The outstanding at the year-end and the maximum during the year are to be
disclosed.
Illustrative disclosure of names of the related parties and their relationship with the bank
1. Parent A Ltd
2. Subsidiaries B Ltd and C Ltd
4. Associates P Ltd, Q Ltd and R Ltd
5. Jointly controlled entity L Ltd
6. Key Management Personnel Mr.M and Mr.N
7. Relatives of Key Management Personnel Mr.D and Mr.E
4.6 Accounting Standard 21 – Consolidated Financial Statements (CFS)
As regards disclosures in the ‘Notes to Accounts’ to the Consolidated Financial
Statements, banks may be guided by general clarifications issued by Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India from time to time.
A parent company, presenting the CFS, should consolidate the financial statements of
all subsidiaries - domestic as well as foreign, except those specifically permitted to be
excluded under the AS-21. The reasons for not consolidating a subsidiary should be
disclosed in the CFS. The responsibility of determining whether a particular entity
should be included or not for consolidation would be that of the Management of the
parent entity. In case, its Statutory Auditors are of the opinion that an entity, which ought
to have been consolidated, has been omitted, they should incorporate their comments
in this regard in the "Auditors Report".
4.7 Accounting Standard 22 – Accounting for Taxes on Income
This Standard is applied in accounting for taxes on income. This includes the
determination of the amount of the expense or saving related to taxes on income in
respect of an accounting period and the disclosure of such an amount in the financial
statements. Adoption of AS 22 may give rise to creation of either a deferred tax asset
(DTA) or a deferred tax liability (DTL) in the books of accounts of banks and creation of
DTA or DTL would give rise to certain issues which have a bearing on the computation
of capital adequacy ratio and banks’ ability to declare dividends. In this regard it is
clarified as under:
• DTL created by debit to opening balance of Revenue Reserves on the first day
of application of the Accounting Standards 22 or to Profit and Loss account for
the current year should be included under item (vi) ‘others (including provisions)’
of Schedule 5 - ‘Other Liabilities and Provisions’ in the balance sheet. The
balance in DTL account will not be eligible for inclusion in
Tier I or Tier II capital for capital adequacy purpose as it is not an eligible item of capital.
• DTA created by credit to opening balance of Revenue Reserves on the first day
of application of Accounting Standards 22 or to Profit and Loss account for the
current year should be included under item (vi) ‘others’ of Schedule 11 ‘Other
Assets’ in the balance sheet.
• The DTA computed as under should be deducted from Tier I capital:
i) DTA associated with accumulated losses; and
ii) The DTA (excluding DTA associated with accumulated losses), net of
DTL. Where DTL is in excess of the DTA (excluding DTA associated with
accumulated losses), the excess shall neither be adjusted against item (i)
nor added to Tier I capital.
4.8 Accounting Standard 23 – Accounting for Investments in Associates in

Consolidated Financial Statements
This Accounting Standard sets out principles and procedures for recognising, in the
consolidated financial statements, the effects of the investments in associates on the
financial position and operating results of a group. A bank may acquire more than 20%
of voting power in the borrower entity in satisfaction of its advances and it may be able
to demonstrate that it does not have the power to exercise significant influence since
the rights exercised by it are protective in nature and not participative. In such a
circumstance, such investment may not be treated as investment in associate under this
Accounting Standard. Hence the test should not be merely the proportion of investment
but the intention to acquire the power to exercise significant influence.
4.9 Accounting Standard 24 – Discontinuing Operations
Merger/ closure of branches of banks by transferring the assets/ liabilities to the other
branches of the same bank may not be deemed as a discontinuing operation and hence
this Accounting Standard will not be applicable to merger / closure of branches of banks
by transferring the assets/ liabilities to the other branches of the same bank.
Disclosures would be required under the Standard only when:
a) discontinuing of the operation has resulted in shedding of liability and
realisation of the assets by the bank or
decision to discontinue an operation which will have the above effect has been
finalised by the bank and
b) the discontinued operation is substantial in its entirety.
4.10 Accounting Standard 25 – Interim Financial Reporting

The half yearly review prescribed by RBI for public sector banks, in consultation with
th
SEBI, vide circular DBS. ARS. No. BC 13/ 08.91.001/ 2000-01 dated 17 May 2001 is
extended to all banks (both listed and unlisted) with a view to ensure uniformity in
disclosures. Banks may adopt the format prescribed by the RBI for the purpose.
4.11 Other Accounting Standards
Banks are required to comply with the disclosure norms stipulated under the various
Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
5. Additional Disclosures
5.1 Provisions and Contingencies
To facilitate easy reading of the financial statements and to make the information on all
Provisions and Contingencies available at one place, banks are required to disclose in
the ‘Notes to Accounts’ the following information:
Break up of ‘Provisions and Contingencies’ shown under the Current Previous
head Expenditure in Profit and Loss Account Year Year
Provisions for depreciation on Investment
Provision towards NPA
Provision towards Standard Asset
Provision made towards Income tax
Other Provision and Contingencies (with details)
5.2 Floating Provisions

Banks should make comprehensive disclosures on floating provisions in the “notes to
accounts” to the balance sheet as follows:
(a) Opening balance in the floating provisions account

(b) The quantum of floating provisions made in the accounting year
(c) Amount of draw down made during the accounting year
(d) Closing balance in the floating provisions account
Note: The purpose of draw down made during the accounting year may be mentioned
5.3 Draw Down from Reserves
Suitable disclosures are to be made regarding any draw down of reserves in the ‘Notes
to Accounts’ to the Balance Sheet.
5.4 Disclosure of complaints
Banks are also advised to disclose the following brief details along with their financial
results:
A. Customer Complaints
(a) No. of complaints pending at the beginning of the year

(b) No. of complaints received during the year
(c) No. of complaints redressed during the year
(d) No. of complaints pending at the end of the year
B. Awards passed by the Banking Ombudsman
(a) No. of unimplemented Awards at the beginning of the year

(b) No. of Awards passed by the Banking Ombudsmen during the year
(c) No. of Awards implemented during the year

(d) No. of unimplemented Awards at the end of the year
5.5 Disclosure of Letters of Comfort (LoCs) issued by banks

Banks should disclose full particulars of all the Letters of Comfort (LoCs) issued by them
during the year, including their assessed financial impact, as also their assessed
cumulative financial obligations under the LoCs issued by them in the past and
outstanding, in its published financial statements, as part of the ‘Notes to Accounts”.
5.6 Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR)
The PCR (ratio of provisioning to gross non-performing assets) should be disclosed in

the Notes to Accounts to the Balance Sheet.
5.7 Bank assurance Business
Banks should disclose in the ‘Notes to Accounts’, from the year ending March 31, 2010,
the details of fees/remuneration received in respect of the bancassurance business
undertaken by them.
5.8 Concentration of Deposits, Advances, Exposures and NPAs

5.8.1 Concentration of Deposits
Total Deposits of twenty largest depositors
Percentage of Deposits of twenty largest depositors to Total Deposits of the bank
5.8.2 Concentration of Advances*

Total Advances to twenty largest borrowers
Percentage of Advances to twenty largest borrowers to Total Advances of the bank
*Advances should be computed as per definition of Credit Exposure including derivatives

furnished in our Master Circular on Exposure Norms.
5.8.3 Concentration of Exposures**
Total Exposure to twenty largest borrowers/customers
Percentage of Exposures to twenty largest borrowers/customers to Total Exposure of
the bank on borrowers/customers
**Exposures should be computed based on credit and investment exposure as prescribed in our
Master Circular on Exposure Norms.
5.8.4 Concentration of NPAs
Total Exposure to top four NPA accounts
5.9 Sector-wise NPAs
Sl. No. Sector Percentage of NPAs to Total Advances in that sector
1 Agriculture & allied activities

2 Industry (Micro & small, Medium and Large)
3 Services
4 Personal Loans
5.10 Movement of NPAs
Particulars
st
Gross NPAs* as on 1 April of particular year (Opening Balance)
Additions (Fresh NPAs) during the year
Sub-total (A)
Less:-
(i) Upgradations
(ii) Recoveries (excluding recoveries made from upgraded accounts)
(iii) Write-offs
Sub-total (B)
st
Gross NPAs as on 31 March of following year (closing balance) (A-B)
*Gross NPAs as per item 2 of Annex to DBOD Circular DBOD.BP.BC.No.46/21.04.048/ 2009-10

dated September 24, 2009
5.11 Overseas Assets, NPAs and Revenue

Particulars
Total Assets
Total NPAs
Total Revenue
5.12 Off-balance Sheet SPVs sponsored (which are required to be

consolidated as per accounting norms)
Name of the SPV sponsored

Domestic Overseas
Annex
List of Circulars consolidated by the Master Circular
No Circular No. Date Relevan Subject Para No of the Master
t Para Circular
No of
the
circular
1 DBOD.No.BP.BC.78/C.686-91 Feb 3,4 Revised 2
06, Format of the
1991 Balance
Sheet and
Profit & Loss
Account
2. DBOD.No.BP.BC.91/C.686-91 Feb All Accounting 2
28, Policies -
1991 Need for
Disclosure in
the Financial
Statements
of Banks
3 DBOD.No.BP.BC.59/21.04.048/9 May 1,2,3 Balance 3.1(i)(iv)(v);3.2.(1):3.4.1(i)3.8.
7 21, Sheets of 1
1997 Banks –
Disclosures
4 DBOD.No.BP.BC.9 /21.04.018/98 Jan 2 Balance 3.1(ii)(iii)
27, Sheet of 3.5(i) to (vi)
1998 Banks –
Disclosures
5 DBOD.No.BP.BC.32 Apr (ii)(a)(b) Capital 3.5(i) to (vi)
/21.04.018/98 29, Adequacy-
1998 Disclosures
in Balance
Sheets
6 DBOD.No.BP.BC.9 /21.04.018/99 Feb 3,4 Balance 3.4.1(ii)(iii); 3.6
10, Sheet of
1999 Banks -
Disclosure of
Information
7 MPD.BC.187 /07.01. 279 /1999- July 1,Annex Forward 3.3.1
2000 7, 3 (v) Rate
1999 Agreements /
Interest Rate
Swaps
8 DBOD.No.BP.BC. 164/21.04.048/ Apr 3 Prudential 3.4.5
2000 24, Norms on
2000 Capital
Adequacy,
Income
Recognition,
Asset
Classification and Provisioning etc.

9 DBOD.No.BP.BC.73 /21.04.018/ Jan 2.6 Voluntary Retirement 4.3
2000-01 30, Scheme (VRS) Expenditure
2001 - Accounting and Prudential
Regulatory Treatment
10DBOD.BP.BC.27 Sep 6 Bank Financing for Margin 3.7.2 (vi)
/21.04.137/2001 22, Trading
2001
11DBOD.BP.BC.38 Oct 2(i)(ii) Monetary and Credit Policy 3.2(2);
/21.04.018/2001-2002 27, Measures - Mid-Term 3.4.1(iv)
2001 Review for the year 2001-
2002 - Balance Sheet
Disclosures
12DBOD.No.IBS.BC. 65/23.10.015/ Feb 1,10 Subordinated Debt for 3.1
2001-02 14, Inclusion in Tier II Capital - explanation
2002 Head Office Borrowings in
Foreign Currency by
Foreign Banks Operating in
India
13DBOD.No.BP.BC. 84 /21.04.018/ Mar 2 Balance Sheet of Banks – 3.2(2)
2001-02 27, Disclosure of Information
2002
14DBOD.No.BP.BC.68 /21.04.132/ Feb 1, Annex 6 Corporate Debt 3.4.2
2002-03 05, Restructuring (CDR)
2003
15DBOD.BP.BC.71 /21.04.103/ Feb Annex Guidelines on Country Risk 3.7.3
2002-03 19, 24(a) (b) Management by banks in
2003 India
16DBOD.No.BP.BC.72 /21.04.018/ Feb 16 Guidelines for Consolidated 4.6
2001-02 25, Accounting and Other
2003 Quantitative Methods to
Facilitate Consolidated
Supervision
17IDMC.3810/11.08.10 /2002-03 Mar 1,5(v) Guidelines for Uniform 3.2.1
24, Accounting for Repo/
2003 Reverse Repo Transactions
18DBOD.No.BP.BC.89 /21.04.018/ Mar 4.3.2, 5.1, Guidelines on Compliance 4.1 to 4.5
2002-03 29, 6.3.1, with Accounting Standards
2003 7.3.2, 8.3.1 (AS) by Banks
19DBOD.No.BP.BC.96 /21.04.048/ Apr 1, Annex 6 Guidelines on Sale of 3.4.3

2002-03 23, Financial Assets to SC/RC
2003 (Created under the
SARFAESI Act, 2002) and
Related Issues
20IDMC.MSRD.4801 Jun 3, 4(x) Guidelines on Exchange 3.3.2

/06.01.03/2002-03 2003 Traded Interest Rate
Derivatives
21DBOD.BP.BC.44 /21.04.141/ Nov Appendix Prudential Guidelines on 3.2.2
2003-04 12, 11 (4) Banks’ Investment in Non-
2003 SLR Securities
22DBOD.No.BP.BC.82 /21.04.018/ Apr 4.3.2 Guidelines on compliance 4.9
2003-04 30, with Accounting Standards
2004 (AS) by banks
23DBOD.No.BP.BC. 100 Jun 2(v) Annual Policy Statement for 3.7.4
/21.03.054 /2003-04 21, the year 2004-05 -
2004 Prudential Credit Exposure
Limits by Banks
24DBOD.BP.BC.49 /21.04.018/ Oct 5 Enhancement of 3.8.2
2004 -2005 19, Transparency on Bank’s
2004 Affairs through Disclosure
25DBOD.No.BP.BC.72 /21.04.018/ Mar 3, Annex Disclosures on risk 3.3.3
2004-05 2005 exposure in derivatives
26 DBS.CO.PP.BC.21/11.01.005/ Jun 2. (a) (b) Exposure to Real Estate 3.7.1
2004-05 29, Sector
2005
27 DBOD.NO.BP.BC. Jul 13 7 Guidelines on 3.4.4
16/21.04.048/2005- 2005 purchase/sale of Non
Performing Assets
06
28 DBOD.BP.BC.86/ 21.04.018/2005- May 29, 3 Disclosure in Balance Sheets 4.12.1
06 2006 – Provisions and
Contingencies
29 DBOD.NO.BP. BC.89/21.04.048/ Jun 22, 2.(iv) Prudential norms on creation 4.12.2
2005-06 2006 and utilisation of floating
provisions
30 DBOD.BP.BC.31/ 21.04.018/ 2006-07 Sep 20, 3.(iii) Section 17 (2) of Banking 4.12.3
2006 Regulation Act, 1949 –
Appropriation from Reserve
Fund
31DBOD.No.Dir.BC.47/13.07.05/2006- Dec 15, 2.1 Banks’ exposure to Capital 3.7.2
2007 2006 Markets – Rationalization of
Norms
32 DBOD.No.Leg BC.60/09.07.005/ Feb 22, 3. Analysis and Disclosure of 4.12.4
2006-07 2007 complaints - Disclosure of
complaints / unimplemented
awards of Banking
Ombudsmen along with
Financial Results
33 DBOD.No.BP.BC. 81 / 21.04.018/ Apr18, 4 Guidelines - Accounting 4.4
2006-07 2007 Standard 17(Segment
Reporting) – Enhancement of
disclosures
34 DBOD.No.BP.BC. Apr 10 "Implementation of
90/20.06.001/ 2006- 27, the New Capital
07 2007 Adequacy
Framework"
35 DBOD No. BP.BC. 65/21.04.009/ Mar 4, 2.(iv) Prudential Norms for Issuance 4.12.5
2007-08 2008 of Letters of Comfort by Banks
regarding their Subsidiaries
36DBOD.No.BP.BC.37/ Aug 27, Annex Prudential Guidelines on 3.4.2
21.04.132/2008-09 2008 3 Restructuring of Advances by
Banks
37DBOD.No.BP.BC.. Apr 17, Annex Prudential guidelines on 3.4.2
124/21.04.132/2008-09 2009 restructuring of advances
38 DBOD.No.BP.BC. 125 /21.04.048/ Apr 17, 2 Prudential Norms on 3.7.5

2008-09 2009 Unsecured Advances
39 DBOD.No.BP.BC. 64/21.04.048/ Dec 1, 5 Second Quarter Review of 5.6

2009-10 2009 Monetary Policy for the Year
2009-10 –Provisioning
Coverage for Advances
40 DBOD.No.FSD.BC.67 /24.01.001/ Jan 7, 2 Disclosure in Balance Sheet – 5.7
2009-10 dated 2010 Bancassurance Business
41 DBOD.BP.BC.79/ 21.04.018/2009- Mar 15, Annex Additional Disclosures by 5.8

10 2010 banks in Notes to Accounts
42 IDMD/4135/11.08.43/ 2009-10 Mar 23, 9 Guidelines for Accounting of 3.2.1
2010 Repo / Reverse Repo
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24th March, 2011

BANK BRANCH STATUTORY

(SHALIMAR BAGH, CPE STUDY

|Why am I doing it,

| Only when we think deeply and find

| Chanakya quotes (Indian politician, strategist and writer,

Section 228(1) ; Where the co. has a

Companies (Branch Audit Exemption) Rules,

Section 29 – Accounts and Balance Sheet

 Form-A - Balance Sheet

Section 31 – Submission of Returns

| ICAI Guidance Note

| RBI Master Circular

| Third schedule to the Banking Regulation Act,

Published by ICAI New Delhi

| The AASB has recently brought out the 2011

| Available – ICAI/Regional office/ Branch 8

• Part I – Knowledge of the Banking Industry : Banking in India, Legal,

• Part II - Risk Assessment & Internal Control : Initial Considerations, Risk

• Part III - Item of Bank’s Financial Statements and Auditing aspects :

• Part IV – Long Form Audit Reports : LFAR in case of

• Part V - Special Aspects : Basel II, special purpose

| Master Circulars are a one-point reference of

| These are issued on July 1 every year and

| We can access the Master Circulars by clicking the

9. Background on Restructuring of advances

| RBI Circular dated 03.05.2002 on Liability of

| comments on Risk culture

| assessment of Internal Control,

| accuracy of MIS Reports,

| Audit Report …….

“We conducted our audit in accordance with

¾ Software applications used

| Audit exception / Analytical Reports

| For B/S and P&L a/c Audit:

¾ Age wise & nature (head) wise classification of all

 Nuances of the Bank Audit

 Issues generally raised

 Manner & extent of verification

 Reporting & certifying requirement

 Previous year audit files

 ICAI Guidance Note

 Conceptual difficulties or queries geared up

 Applicable RBI Circulars- www.rbi.org.in

 Bank Audit seminar Compilations 34

| Tax Audit Report

| Ghosh & Jilani Committee

Carrying out preliminary analytical reviews:

¾ SA-520, “analytical procedures” to identify the

o Comparing near quarter-end figures of deposits

Initial Audit Discussions

¾ Comparative Cost of Various category of deposits.

Details needed in the LFAR

¾ Independent Audit Trail.

o Level of Advances & Deposits,

Using the work of internal auditor:

| Orderly & coherent execution of audit procedures,

¾ The main Borrower Accounts,

Form-A - Balance Sheet

Nuances of the Bank Audit

Issues generally raised

Manner & extent of verification

Reporting & certifying requirement

Previous year audit files

ICAI Guidance Note

Conceptual difficulties or queries geared up

Applicable RBI Circulars- www.rbi.org.in

Bank Audit seminar Compilations 34

Limitation of documents verified

Reliance placed on computer system

Non testing of depth of computer system for its

the maintenance of adequate accounting records and internal controls,

the statement relating to the particulars of Advances and other supporting