Centre For Development Studies
Centre For Development Studies
Centre For Development Studies
2
Centre for Development Studies
M.A. Applied Economics
Syllabus
101: MICROECONOMICS
The objective of this course is to introduce students to the central concepts,
theories and methods in microeconomics. As some of the students are likely to
be from a non-economics background, the approach will be gradual, gaining
in complexity as the course proceeds. Starting out with the essential topics
of consumption and production theory, the instruction proceeds to familiarise
students with the basic tools of game theory. The latter are applied to illumi-
nate possible outcomes in the areas of oligopoly and industrial organisation.
Advanced topics in microeconomics ranging from general equilibrium theory,
moral hazard and adverse selection problems to externalities and market failure
complete the course.
Course Outline
1 Introduction
Here basic principles of economic analysis and economic decision making
are introduced particularly for the benefit of students from non-economics
background. Chapter 1 of Frank (1997) and chapter 2 and 3 of Krugman and
Wells (2005) are the useful references here.
2 Consumer Behaviour
Decision making under certainty– Consumer Preferences and Axioms of Pref-
erences – Utility maximization – Indirect utility function – Demand function
– Important identities – Roys identity – The Slutsky equation – Properties of
demand functions – Duality in consumption – Revealed preference – Homoth-
etic utility functions – Aggregate demand – aggregation across consumers and
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goods – Consumer surplus – Uncertainty, expected utility and risk aversion.
3 Producer Behaviour
Concept and measurement of input and output–Technology-Convex technology–
Technical rate of substitution-Elasticity of substitution-Returns to scale-Homogeneous
and homothetic production functions-Profit maximization-Profit function and
its properties-Derivation of supply and factor demand functions from profit
function–Cost minimization-Factor demand functions-Cost function and its
properties–Duality
4 Firm Behaviour
Competitive markets–partial equilibrium– Monopoly–welfare implications Ű
price discrimination and its welfare implications.
5 Game theory
Extensive and normal form representation of games– Nash equilibrium (in
pure and mixed strategies); definition and existence – subgame perfection
in dynamic games. Applications: strategic behaviour of firms in a market–
Bertrand, Cournot and Stackleberg models – and entry deterrence.
6 Factor Markets
Labour – competitive firm and short run and long run demand for labour –
imperfect competition and demand for labour – Capital – financial capital and
real capital – demand for real capital- the relationship between rental rate and
interest rate – CAPM Model.
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8 Information Economics
The principal agent problem– monopoly and competitive solutions with full
information – monopoly and competitive solutions with imperfect information
– adverse selection –the lemon market and adverse selection – signalling and
screening models – optimal contract design in moral hazard applications.
Suggested Readings
1. Frank, Robert H. (1997) Microeconomics and Behaviour, The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.
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102: Macroeconomics
The objective of the course is to equip the student with an understanding of
the principal issues in macroeconomics, ranging from the determination of the
level of output and inflation to the policy options available for influencing these
variables. In the process the main currents in the subject, from the General
Theory to the early monetarist critique and its culmination in the New Classical
Macroeconomics are covered. In the spirit of a course in Applied Economics
the Indian case will be explicitly referred to where relevant and an account of
the recent macroeconomic history of the country provided.
Course Outline
3 Employment
The possibility of an underemployment equilibrium; involuntary unemployment
as market failure; prices, wages and unemployment; Keynesian Unemployment
and Classical Unemployment.
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4 Money
The functions of money; money and uncertainty or what gives money its
significance; Keynesian versus monetarist perspectives on money; the idea of an
endogenous money stock; the role of monetary policy when the money supply
is endogenous.
5 Stabilisation policy
The Keynesian approach, the neo-classical synthesis and the monetarist critique;
Friedman on the use of the Phillips Curve as an instrument of policy; the
micro-foundations of macroeconomics.
9 Inflation
The dynamics of inflation; “inflation is always and every where a monetary
phenomenon”; a structuralist model of inflation for India.
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11 Macroeconomic policy in the open economy
The implication of alternative exchange rate regimes; the relation between
inflation and the balance of payments; the Dutch Disease; macroeconomic
policy in an open economy; the Mundell – Flemming Model; stabilization of
the open economy.
Readings
1. Amit Bhaduri (1988): Macroeconomics, New Delhi: Macmillan.
2. W. Carlin and D.Soskice (1990) Macroeconomics and the Wage Bargain, Ox-
ford: OUP, Chapters 1-5,
9. Fleming, J.M. (1962):, Domestic Financial Policies under Fixed and under
Floating Exchange Rates, IMF Staff Papers, November.
10. J. Tobin (1980): Asset Accumulation and Economic Activity, Chicago: Chicago
University Press.
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11. G. Akerlof and R. Shiller (2009): Animal Spirits; How human psychology
drives the economy and why it matters, Princeton: PUP.
12. C. Rangarajan (2004): Select Essays on the Indian Economy, vol. 1, New
Delhi: Academic Publishers.
13. Pulapre Balakrishnan (1991): Pricing and Inflation in India, New Delhi:
OUP.
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103: Statistics
This course covers the statistical foundations of data analysis including
the statistical theory and its applications in social sciences. In particular, this
module broadly covers the descriptive statistics, modern exploratory data
analysis, theory of probability, standard statistical distributions, estimation
and hypothesis testing, and non-parametric tests. The specific objective of this
module is as follows:
1 Course Outline
• Describing and summarising univariate distributions: frequency table,
histogram, distinguishing features, mean-based and order-based numeri-
cal summaries (descriptive statistics), visual techniques such as box plots,
transformation.
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• Estimation: Point and Interval estimation; Properties of estimators; Meth-
ods of estimation: least square method, method of moments and maxi-
mum likelihood.
• Index Numbers.
2 Teaching Methods
Classroom lectures, and computer workshops using R and STATA for data
analysis.
3 Evaluations
Written examinations and Assignment/homework.
Essential Readings
1. Hamilton, L. (2003) Statistics with STATA, Cengage. (Eight Edition)
3. Mukherjee, C., White, H. & Wuyts, M., (1997) Econometrics and Data
Analysis for Developing Countries, Routledge, London.
Recommended Readings
1. Clark, Megan J. and John A. Randal (2010)A First Course in Applied Statistics,
2nd edition, Pearson Education.
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2. Hamilton, Lawrence C. (1990) Modern Data Analysis: A First Course in
Applied Statistics, Brooks/Cole, California.
4. Moore, D.S. and McCabe, G.P. (2003) Introduction to the Practice of Statistics,
W.H. Freeman & Company, New York.
7. Sweet, Stephen A and Karen Grace-Martin (2008) Data Analysis with SPSS:
A First Course in Applied Statistics, 3rd Edition. Allyn & Bacon.
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1 Introduction
Significance of Mathematics in Economics
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2 Static Analysis
Real numbers; Set theory; Fuzzy set theory; Relations and functions; Economic
equilibrium analysis Linear model: Matrix algebra: Matrix operations; Commu-
tative, associative, distributive laws Transposes; Determinants; Nonsingularity;
Laplace expansion; Matrix inversion; Cramer’s rule; Applications in Economics;
Input-output model.
3 Comparative Statics
The derivative; Limit; Continuity; differentiability; Rules of differentiation;
Partial differentiation; Total differentials; Total derivatives; Implicit functions;
Applications in Economics
4 Dynamics
Rules of integration; Indefinite integrals; Definite integrals; Improper integrals;
Applications in Economics; Domar Growth model.
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Dynamic Optimization: Discrete Time and Continuous Time.
Class Format
Lecture/problem solving/discussion. Economic theory, critical thinking and
problem solving are stressed. Class format will include both individual and
group problem solving. After completing the course, the student is expected
to be better able to critically evaluate economic theories. They are expected to
spend a considerable amount of class time interactively formulating and solving
problems and building models. Small groups will often be utilized. They have
to view the readings and the lectures as complements rather than substitutes.
Essential Readings
1. Chiang, Alpha C. (2005) Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics,
4th edition, McGraw-Hill
2. Harrison, Michael and Patrick Waldron (2011) Mathematics for Economics
and Finance, Routledge.
3. Melkumian, Arsen (2010) Mathematical Economics, Routledge.
Recommended Readings
1. Acemoglu, Daron. (2008) Introduction to Modern Economic Growth, Prince-
ton, NJ: Princeton University Press,
2. Allen, R. G. D. (1959) Mathematical Economics, Second edition, Macmillan.
3. Allen, R.G.D. (1967) Macro-Economic Theory: A Mathematical Treatment,
Macmillan.
4. Chiang, Alpha C. (1999) Elements of Dynamic Optimization. Long Grove, IL:
Waveland Press.
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5. Dixit, A. K. (1976) Optimization in Economic Theory, Oxford University
Press.
11. Simon, Carl P. and Lawrence Blume (1994) Mathematics for Economists,
Norton.
12. Stokey, Nancy L., and Robert E. Lucas, Jr., with Edward C. Prescott.
(1989) Recursive Methods in Economic Dynamics, Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press
13. Sydsaeter, Knut; Peter Hammond, and Arne Strom (2012) Essential Mathe-
matics for Economic Analysis 4th Edition, Pearson education.
15. Yamane, Taro (1985) Mathematics for Economists, Second edition, Prentice
Hall.
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Course Objective
The course covers important theories on economic growth and selected issues
in economic development. The course aims to familiarise students with con-
temporary issues in economic growth and development. The topics the course
covers include old and new growth theories, importance of history or initial
conditions for economic development, economic inequality, rural-urban inter-
action, markets related to agriculture, and randomised trials in development
economics.
Suggested Readings:
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2 Economic Growth, Population and Demography
Suggested Readings:
Suggested Reading:
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5 Economics of Knowledge (ideas)
• Concept of technology;
Suggested Readings:
Suggested Readings:
Suggested Readings:
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• Ray, D. (1999): Development Economics. Oxford University Press, New
Delhi. Chapter 5.
Suggested Readings:
Suggested Readings:
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insurance – poverty, nutrition and labour market – poverty and household
allocation of resources.
Suggested Readings:
Suggested Readings:
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202: Econometrics
Course Objectives
The aim of the course is to provide the students with the theoretical tools and
practical experience necessary to do applied econometric research. This course
places particular emphasis on estimation and interpretation of the standard
linear regression model, and as such the lecture sessions will include a number
of illustrations of empirical econometric studies and their possible re-estimation
using the same data sets in workshop sessions.
Course description
This course offers an introduction to the theory and application of econometric
analysis. Students will also apply the techniques learned in this course using
Stata/PcGive/E-views/R. The details are given below.
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• Maximum Likelihood Estimation
3 Violations of Assumptions
Non-Normality–Multicollinearity–Heteroskedasticity–Autocorrelation–Generalised
Least Squares–Endogeneity–Generalised Method of Moments–Specification Er-
rors.
5 Class Format
Lecture/problem solving/discussion. Economic theory, critical thinking and
problem solving are stressed. Class format will include both individual and
group problem solving. The students are expected to spend a considerable
amount of class time interactively formulating and solving problems and build-
ing models. After completing the course, they are expected to be better able to
critically evaluate economic theories.
Assessment
Review questions and homework problems will be handed out for each section
of the course. Knowledge of these review questions will be very helpful when
taking the exams. Students are encouraged to work out answers to these
questions and discuss them among themselves.
Essential Readings
1. Dougherty, Christopher (2011) Introduction to Econometrics. Fourth Edition,
OUP.
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2. Stock, James H., and Mark W. Watson (2006) Introduction to Econometrics,
Second Edition, Addison-Wesley Series in Economics.
Recommended Readings
1. Angrist, Joshua D. and Jorn-Steffen Pischke ( 2008) Mostly Harmless Econo-
metrics: An EmpiricistŠs Companion, Princeton University Press, New Jersey,
USA.
12. Mukherjee, Chandan, Howard White and Marc Wuyt (1998) Econometrics
and Data Analysis for Developing Countries, Routledge, London.
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13. Nachane, D.M. (2006)Econometrics: Theoretical Foundations and Empirical
Perspectives, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
6. Minhas, B. S. (ed) (2002) National Income Accounts and Data Systems, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
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Relevant web sites
1. www.rbi.org.in
2. http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_nsso_rept_pubn.htm
3. http://development.thinkingwithdata.com
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1 Introduction
Overview of International Economics.
Gains from Trade and Pattern of Trade.
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4 International Trade Policy
Basic Tariff Analysis, Effects of a Tariff : Consumer and Producer Surplus, The
Partial Equilibrium Analysis of Tariffs, The General Equilibrium Analysis of
Tariffs, Other Instruments of Trade Policy.
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Fixed Exchange Rates and Foreign Exchange Intervention,
Central Bank Interventions and the Money Supply,
Money Market Equilibrium under Fixed Exchange Rate,
Stabilisation Policies with a Fixed Exchange Rate, Monetary Policy and Fiscal
Policy,
Managed Floating and Sterilized Intervention.
Essential Readings
1. Paul R. Krugman & Maurice Obstfeld, International Economics: Theory and
Policy, Addison-Wesley, 1999.
3. Caves, Richard, Jeffrey Frankel and Ronald Jones, World Trade and Payments:
An Introduction, Harper Collins, 1996.
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C D S
Course Outline
(Number of Lectures in Parenthesis)
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Readings
1. Indian economic growth, distribution & structural change: Comparative
historical perspective.
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• A Vaidyanathan (2000) Poverty and Development Policy, Kale Memorial
Lecture, Gokhale Institute of Economics and Politics, Pune.
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• Manmohan Agarwal (1993) “India in the World Economy”, in Tapas
Majumdar (ed.), Nature, Man and the Indian Economy, Oxford Univer-
sity Press, New Delhi.
• R Nagaraj (2003) “Foreign Direct Investment in India in the 1990s:
Trends and Issues”, Economic and political weekly, Vol. 38, No. 17,
pp.1701-1712.
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• Arvind Panagariya (2004) India in the 1980s, and the 1990s: Triumph of
Reforms, IMF working paper, WP/04/43, Washington D C.
• Montek S Ahluwalia (2002) “ Economic Reforms in India Since 1991:
Has Gradualism Worked?” Journal of Economic Perspective, Vol. 16,
No. 3, pp. 67-88.
Additional References
1. P C Mahalanobis (1955) “The Approach of Operational Research to Plan-
ning in India”, Sankhya, December, Vol.16, No.1/2, pp.3-130.
6. T J Byres (1998) (ed.), The Indian Economy: Major Debates since Independence,
Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
8. Deepak Nayyar (1994) (ed.) Industrial Growth and Stagnation: The Debate in
India, Sameeksha Trust, Bombay, Oxford University Press.
10. Vijay Joshi and I M D Little (1994) India: Macroeconomics and Political
Economy 1964-1991, The World Bank, Washington D C.
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2 Theory of Taxation and Tax Policy Issues
1. Tax Incidence: The General and Partial Equilibrium Analysis
4. Environmental Externalities
6. Pollution Taxes
3. The Median Voter Theorem: Basic Idea and Applications to Public Finance
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4 Fiscal Federalism: Theory and Practice
1. Theory of Fiscal Federalism: The Decentralization Theorem
2. Fiscal Federalism: An Economic Approach
3. Economic Efficiency Issues in Multilevel Government
4. Assignment Issues in Multilevel Government
5. Theory of Intergovernmental Transfers
6. Issues of Indian Federalism and Intergovernmental Transfers in India
7. Issues in Fiscal Decentralization in India in the context of 73rd and 74th
Constitutional Amendments
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Reading List
Books
1. Jean-Jacques Laffont, (1989)Fundamentals of Public Economics, MIT press,
Boston.
2. Alan J. Auerbach and Martin Feldstein, (1985 & 1987) Handbook of Public
Economics Vol. 1 & 2, Elsevier, Amsterdam, North Holland.
Papers
1. James M. Buchanan, (1965) “An Economic Theory of Clubs”, Economica,
New Series Vol. 32, No. 125, pp. 1-14.
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7. Steven T. Berry and Joel Waldfogel, (1999) “Public Radio in the United
States: Does it Correct Market Failure of Cannibalize Commercial Sta-
tions?”, Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 71, Issue 2, pp. 189-211 (or from
NBER website).
8. Charles M. Tiebout, (1956) “A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures”, Journal
of Political Economy, Vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 416-424.
Additional Readings
Role of State and Macroeconomic Perspective of Public Finance
1. Thomas A. Husted and Lawrence W. Kenny, (1997 ) “The Effect of the
Expansion of the Voting Franchise on the Size of Government”, Journal of
Political Economy, Vol. 105, No. 1, pp. 54-82.
2. Allan H. Meltzer and Scott F. Richard, (1981) “A Rational Theory of the
Size of Government”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 89, No. 5, pp.
914-927.
3. Dennis C. Mueller, (2003) “The size of government”, In Public Choice III,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Chapter- 21, pp. 501-534.
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6. Douglas Bernheim, (2002) “Taxation and Saving”, In Alan J. Auerbach
and Martin Feldstein (eds.) Handbook of Public Economics: vol. 3, North-
Holland, Amsterdam, Chapter- 18, pp. 1173- 1240.
9. Joel Slemrod, (1990) “Optimal Taxation and Optimal Tax Systems”, The
Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 157-178.
11. A.B. Atkinson and J.E. Stiglitz, (1976) “ The design of tax structure: Direct
versus Indirect Taxation”, Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 6, Issues 1-2, pp.
55-75.
12. Robin Boadway, Maurice Marchand and Pierre Pestieau, (1994) “Towards
a Theory of the Direct - Indirect Tax Mix”, Journal of Public Economics, Vol.
55, Issue- 1, pp. 71-88.
5. Jonathan Gruber, (2009) “Public Goods”, In Public Finance and Public Policy,
Worth Publishers, Chapter- 7, pp. 181-200.
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Fiscal Federalism: Theory & Practice
1. Wallace E. Oates, (1972) Fiscal Federalism, Hardcourt Brace Jovanovich,
New York.
2. Mario I. Blejer and Adrienne Cheasty, (1993) How to Measure the Fiscal
Deficit, International Monetary Fund, Washington DC.
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6. Richard J. Cebula, (1988) “Federal Government Deficits and Interest rates:
An Empirical Analysis of United States, 1955-1984”, Public Finance = Fi-
nances publiques, Vol. 43, Issue 3, pp. 337-348.
12. Kanhaya L. Gupta, (1992) Budget Deficits and Economic Activity in Asia,
Routledge, London.
13. Kanhaya L. Gupta and Bakhtiar Moazzami, (1996) Interest Rate and Budget
Deficit: A Study of the Advanced Economies, Routledge Studies in Modern
World Economies, London.
14. Peter S. Heller, Richard D. Haas and Ahsan S.Mansur, (1986) A Review of
the Fiscal Impulse Measure, IMF Occasional Paper No 44, Washington, D.C.
15. Tanzi, V and M I Blejer, (1988) “Public debt and fiscal policy in developing
countries”, In Kenneth Joseph Arrow and Michael J. Boskin (eds.), The
Economics of Public Debt,International Economic Association, Macmillan
Press, New York.
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2. Amaresh Bagchi and Pinaki Chakraborty, (2004) “Towards a Rational
System of Centre-State Revenue Transfers”, Economic and Political Weekly,
Vol. 39, No. 26, pp. 2737-2747.
5. Gulati, I. S., (1991) “Reducing the Fiscal Deficit: Soft and Hard Options”,
Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 26, No. 29, pp. 1721-1722.
8. Vijay Joshi and Ian Malcolm David Little, (1994) India: Macroeconomics and
Political Economy 1964-1991, The World Bank, Washington D C.
9. Sudipto Mundle, (1997) Public Finance Policy Issues for India, Oxford Uni-
versity Press, New Delhi
10. National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (India) (1994) Reform of
Domestic trade Taxes in India: Issues and Option: Report of a Study Team, New
Delhi.
11. Prabhat Patnaik, (2001) “On Fiscal Deficits and Real Interest Rates”, Eco-
nomic and Political Weekly, Vol. 36, No. 14-15, pp. 1160-1163.
12. Mihir Rakshit, (1994) “Money and Public Finance Under Structural Ad-
justment: The Indian Experience”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 29,
No. 16-17, pp. 923-935.
13. Mihir Rakshit, (2000) “On Correcting Fiscal Imbalances in the Indian
Economy - Some Perspectives”, Money and Finance, ICRA Bulletin, July-
September.
14. Reserve Bank of India (1985) Report of the Committee to Review the Working
of Monetary System, Mumbai.
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15. Rao, R. Kavita, (2004) “Impact of VAT on Central and State Finances”,
Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 39, No. 26, pp. 2773-2777.
16. Rao, M. Govinda, (2003) “Reform in Central Sales Tax in the Context of
VAT”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 38, No. 7, pp. 627-636.
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C D S
Course Outline
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• The Natural Law-Natural Rights Tradition
• Cantillon, Turgot and the Physiocrats
• British Economics: Setting the Stage for Smith
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• Alfred Marshall and Neo-Classicalism
• Capital Theory
• Wicksell, Fisher and the Development of the Quantity Theory
• Mises and Hayek: On Socialism and Business Cycles
• Schumpeter, Fisher & Kalecki on Business Cycles
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Assessment
Review questions and homework problems will be handed out for each section
of the course. Knowledge of these review questions will be very helpful when
taking the exams. Students are encouraged to work out answers to these
questions and discuss them among themselves.
Suggested Readings
1. Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, (1954) History of Economic Analysis, Oxford
University Press, USA.
2. Blaug, Mark, (1997) Economic Theory in Retrospect, 5th Edition, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK.
3. Rothbard, Murray N., (1995) Economic Thought Before Adam Smith: An
Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought (Vol. I), Edwadr
Elgar Publishers, UK.
4. Rothbard, Murray N., (2006) An Austrian Perspective on the History of
Economic Thought (Vol. II), Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn, Alabama.
5. Brian Snowdon, Howard A. Vane and Peter Wynarczyk, (1994) A Modern
Guide to Macroeconomics: An Introduction to Competing Schools of Thought,
Edwadr Elgar Publishers, USA.
6. Backhouse, Roger E., (2004) The Ordinary Business of Life: A History of
Economics from the Ancient World to the Twenty-First Century, Princeton
University Press, Princeton, New Jersy.
7. Brue, Stanley L., (2000) The Evolution of Economic Thought, 6th ed., Dryden
Press, Oak Brook, Illinois, USA.
8. Canterbury, E. Ray, (2003), The Making of Economics, 4th ed., World Scientific
Publishing Co. Ltd., Singapore.
9. Coleman, William Oliver, (2002) Economics and Its Enemies: Two Centuries
of Anti-Economics, Palgrave MacMillan, New York.
10. Ekelund, Robert B., (1996) A History of Economic Theory & Readings in
Economic Thought, McGraw-Hill, UK.
11. Ekelund, Robert B. and Herbert, Robert F., (1997) A History of Economic
Theory and Method, McGraw-Hill, UK.
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12. Rasmus, Jack, (2010) Epic Recession: Prelude to Global Depression, Pluto
Press, London.
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Course Objectives
This is an applied course in data analysis anchored on the theory and method of
regression. The aim of the course is to provide the students with the theoretical
tools and practical experience necessary to do applied econometric research.
This course places particular emphasis on estimation and interpretation of the
standard linear regression model, and as such the lecture sessions will include
a number of illustrations of empirical econometric studies and their possible
re-estimation using the same data sets in workshop sessions.
Course Outline
1 Multi-variate analysis
Discriminant analysis–Factor Analysis/Principal Component Analysis–Multi-
Dimensional Scaling, Cluster Analysis.
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2 Models with Limited Dependent Variables
(a) Binary choice models– linear probability model, probit, logit and tobit
models: (b) Multi response models – multinomial logit and ordered probit
models.
3 Systems of Equations
Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model.
3. ARCH/GARCH models;
Teaching Methods
Classroom lectures, and computer workshop using. PcGive, Eviews, GRETLE
and STATA for data analysis.
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Essential Readings
1. Baltagi, B. H. (2008), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, 4th edition, John
Wiley.
2. Enders, Walter (2009), Applied Econometric Time Series, 3rd Edition, Wiley
Recommended Readings
• Cheng, Hsian (1986) Analysis of Panel Data, Cambridge University Press.
• Maddala G. S. and Kim, In-Moo (1998) Unit Roots, Cointegration and Struc-
tural Change, Cambridge University Press.
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• Pfaff, Bernhard (2008). Analysis of Integrated and Cointegrated Time Series
with R. 2nd edition. Springer-Verlag, New York.
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Course Objective
The course takes the students through an engagement with the varied literature
dealing with concepts, measurement and analytical methods involved in under-
standing generation of innovation, its diffusion and the effects of this diffusion
in a typical developing country. After attending this course, the student is not
only exposed to the theoretical developments in generation and diffusion of
innovations but also its application.
Course Outline
1. Introductory topics: Nature and importance of innovation- Invention-
Innovation- Incremental innovation- innovation in the context of develop-
ing countries- radical and disruptive innovations and user led innovations.
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6. Policy instruments to stimulate generation of innovation and diffusion
of innovations: Financial instruments (R&D tax incentives, Research
Grants, Loans and Venture Capital ) - Non financial instruments (Supply
of human resource in science and engineering, industrial standards and
clustering) - Measuring the effectiveness of innovation policy instrument.
Essential Readings
• Greenhalgh, Christine and Mark Rogers (2010),Innovation, Intellectual Prop-
erty, and Economic Growth, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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• Fagerberg, Jan, David Mowery and Richard Nelson (eds.,2004), The Oxford
Handbook of Innovation, New York: Oxford University Press.
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Course Outline
• Trends and patterns of world population growth,
• Migration, Urbanization,
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• Thoughts on development and environment,
Essential Readings
• Birdsall, N, A.C. Kelley and S.W. Sinding (eds.) (2001). Population Matters:
Demographic Change, Economic Growth and Poverty in the Developing World,
OUP.
• Cassen, R. (1994). Population and Development: Old debates and new conclu-
sions, Washington, D.C. Overseas Development Council.
• Dyson, Tim, R.Cassen and Leela Visaria. (eds.) (2004), Twenty-First Century
India: Population, Economy, Human Development and Environment, Oxford
University Press.
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• World Bank,(1984) World development Report 1984: Population, World Banak,
Washington DC.
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Course Objective
The course provides a graduate level introduction to Industrial Organization.
It is designed to provide a broad introduction to topics and industries that
current researchers are studying as well as to expose students to a wide variety
of techniques. It will start the process of preparing economics PhD students to
conduct thesis research in the area, and may also be of interest to economics
and related fields. The course presumes that students have a familiarity with
micro theory, basic game theory and some econometrics.
1 Preliminaries
• The SCP paradigm
• Relationship between a measure of concentration and measure of market
power.
• Additional cost concepts: Switching costs, Transaction costs. Asset speci-
ficity and hold-up problems.
• Game theory – normal and extensive form games. Nash equilibrium.
Subgame-prefect equilibrium in extensive form games with perfect infor-
mation.
2 Pricing Strategies
• Price Discrimination: First, Second, Third Degree
• Durable Goods monopoly
• Bundling and Tying
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3 Market structures
• The Cournot model: First order and second order conditions.
4 Product differentiation
• Horizontal and vertical product differentiation
• Hotelling’s model
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6 Entry Barriers
• Bain: The three types of entry barriers
• Predatory pricing.
7 Advertising
• Informative advertising and persuasive advertising.
8 Multi-market operations
• Vertical Integration and vertical control
• Conglomerate diversification
9 Network externalities
• Compatibility and standards
• Two-sided markets
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• Internal labour markets.
11 Innovation
• R&D
• Creative destruction
• The incentive to innovate: The sunk cost effect; The replacement effect;
The efficiency effect; Innovation competition
• Patent races,
• Process innovation
12 Competition Policy
• Two main aspects of a competition policy
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Essential Readings
• David Besanko, David Dranove, Mark Shanley and S. Schaefer–The Eco-
nomics of Strategy. John Wiley (Student edition for India, New Delhi:
Oxford University Press.
• Baumol, W., J. Panzer and R. Willig (1982): Contestable Markets and the
Theory of Industry Structure, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch.
• Waldman, D.E. and E.J. Jensen (2001) Industrial Organization: Theory and
Practice, 2001, Pearson Education.
64
• Oz Shy, (1995), Industrial Organization: Theory and Applications, The
MIT Press.
65
C D S
Course Objective
Generally, this course is intended to:
1. Encourage students to view history as a social scientist’s irreplaceable
‘laboratory’; allowing for the identification of irregularities, validation (or
invalidation) of economic theories.
Specifically, at the end of this course you will have some understanding of:
1. the factors that have influenced the pace of long run economic growth in
the Indian economy.
3. the major debates and controversies in the study of the economic history
of India
Compulsory Readings
• Douglass C. North,(1990) Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic
Performance, New York: Cambridge University Press.
66
• Jared Diamond,(1997) Guns, Germs, and Steel, New York: Norton.
Readings
• D. N. McCloskey,(1986) “Economics as an Historical Science,” in William
N. Parker, ed., Economic History and the Modern Economist. Oxford: Basil
Blackwell.
67
2 Introduction: The Historical Method in the Study
of Economic Change
Readings
• P. Rosenau, (1991) ’Post-Modernism and the Social Sciences: Insights,
Inroads and Intrusions’, Chapter 1: Into the Fray: Crisis, Continuity and
Diversity, pp 1-24.
• D. Little, “interpretation Theory” in his Varieties of Social Explanation
(1991), pp.68-87.
• “Conversations with History: Historical Perspective on the Global Eco-
nomic Crisis with Economic Historian Barry Eichengreen”, UC Berekely,
University of California Television, http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.
aspx?showID=16055 (Optional)
Readings
• David Landes, (1990) “Why are We So Rich and They So Poor?”, American
Economic Review, 80(2), pp. 1-13.
• Douglass North,(1994)“Economic Performance through Time”,American
Economic Review, 84(3), pp. 359-368.
• Andre Gunder Frank,(1969) “The Development of Underdevelopment”,
Monthly Review,18(4).
• Joel Mokyr,(2005) “The Intellectual Origins of Modern Economic Growth”,
Journal of Economic History, 65(3), pp. 285-351.
• Douglass C. North,(1990) Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic
Performance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Joel Mokyr,(1990) The Lever of Riches, New York: Oxford, chapters 7 and
11.
• Kenneth Pomeranz,(2000) The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the
Making of the Modern World Economy, Princeton: The Princeton University
Press.
68
• Jared Diamond,(1997) Guns, Germs, and Steel. New York: Norton.
Readings
• Ashin Dasgupta and M.N. Pearson (eds.)(1987), India and the Indian Ocean,
New Delhi: OUP, pp1-24.
69
• Irfan Habib,(1975)“Colonialisation of the Indian Economy 1757-1900”,Social
Scientist, 3(8),23-53.
Readings
• Irfan Habib, “Potentialities of Capitalistic Development in the Economy
of Mughal India” The Journal of Economic History”, 29, 1969, 32-78.
• Frank W. Ellis, (?) “In What Way, and to What Degree, Did the Mughal
State Inhibit Smithian Growth in India in the Seventeenth Century?”,
London School of Economics, Working Paper available at http://eprints.
lse.ac.uk/22477/1/wp14.pdf
70
• Alan Smalley, (1983) “The Colonial State and Agrarian Structure in Ben-
gal”, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 13(2), 1983, 176-197.
Readings
• Pomeranz, Introduction
71
5 Agriculture
5.1 Commercialization
The nineteenth century saw closer integration of India with the world economy.
Peasant exports increased substantially in the course of the nineteenth century,
which the defenders of the Empire considered one of the major gains from
colonialism and globalization. Many historians, however, hold that the gains
were small and/or unequally shared. But they do not offer a single answer
why this was so. In this section we take stock of the main drivers behind
export expansion, such as property rights, railways, irrigation canals, and rural
credit, and speculate on the inequality dimension. Who gained from export of
agricultural commodities? Were there costs of this growth?
Readings
• David Ludden, (ed.)(1994) Agricultural Production in Indian History, Delhi:
Oxford University Press. (Selected essays and the introduction).
72
5.2 Peasant Revolts: Impacts and Effects
Readings
• Amiya Bagchi, (1976) “De-industrialization in India in the Nineteenth
Century: Some Theoretical Implications”, Journal of Development Studies,
12,pp.135–64.
73
Readings
• Morris D. Morris, “Growth of Large-scale Industry to 1947”,Cambridge
Economic History of India, vol. 2.
• A.R. Venkatachalapathy, ‘In those days there was no coffee’: Coffee Drinking
and Middle Class Culture in Late Colonial Tamil Nadu, IESHR, http://ier.
sagepub.com/content/39/2-3/301.full.pdf
74
9 People in Economic History
9.1 The Demographic Experience
9.2 Readings
• Massimo Livi-Bacci,(2001)A Concise History of World Population, Chapter 3,
pp63-87.
Readings
• M.C. Madhavan, (1985) “Indian Emigrants: Numbers, Characteristics, and
Economic Impact”, Population and Development Review, 11(3),pp. 457-81.
75
• Tirthankar Roy, (2007) “Sardars, Jobbers, Kanganies: The Labour Con-
tractor and Indian Economic History”, Modern Asian Studies, 42(5), pp.
971-998.
11 Readings
• Berg, Maxine. (1993) “What difference did women’s work make to the
industrial revolution”, History Workshop 35 pp. 22-44.
• Samita Sen,(1999) “Will the land not be tilled?: Women’s work in the
rural economy” and “Away from Homes: Women’s work in the Mills”, In
Women and Labour in Late Colonial India: The Bengal Jute Industry Cambridge,
CUP, pp.54-142.
76
• Richard H. Grove,(1998) Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical
Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860, Cambridge:
CUP, pp.474-87.
12.3 Readings
• Howard Spodek. (1980) “Studying the History of Urbanisation in India”
,Journal of Urban History6: pp. 251-97.
• Ira Klein, (2008) “‘Urban Development and Death: Bombay City’ 1870-
1914”, Modern Asian Studies.
77
13 Health and Well Being in Economic History
13.1 Anthropometrics
13.2 Readings
• John Komlos,(1994), “On the Significance of Anthropometric History”, In
Stature, Living Standards and Economic Development, (Chicago: University
of Chicago Press), pp.210-221.
13.3 Health
• Ira Klein,(1973), “Death in India: 1871-1921”, The Journal of Asian Studies.
13.4 Hunger/Famine
• David Arnold,(1994) “The ‘ Discovery’ of Malnutrition and Diet in Colonial
India”,Indian Economic and Social History Review, 31,1, pp.1–26.
• David Arnold, (1999) “Hunger in the Garden of Plenty: The Bengal Famine
of 1770”, Dreadfule Visitations, ed. Alessa Johns, pp. 81-113.
78
• Amartya Sen, (1999) “The Great Bengal Famine” and “Entitlements and
Deprivation” , In Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Depri-
vation, Oxford: OUP, pp.54-86, 154-67 as well as ‘Appendix D: Famine
Mortality: A Case Study’, 195-217.
Readings
• Arun Kumar Biswas,(2007)“Technology in History with Special Reference
to Ancient and Medieval India”, In Science, Technology, Imperialism and
War, (ed.) Jyoti Bhusan Das Gupta, New Delhi, PSHC.
• David Arnold, (2000) “Technologies of the Steam Age”, In The New Cam-
bridge History of India: Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India,
Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Conclusion
This part of the course could be conducted as a seminar where the students
are invited to make presentations suggesting ways of using history in order to
understand the present patterns and pathways of economic change.
79
C D S
Objective
The objective of the course is to introduce different aspects of the sub-discipline
of environmental economics to the students of MA program. It is expected
to enable students to understand the economics of the relationship between
economic activities and environmental impacts. It builds on the knowledge of
students in micro-economics and public economics. However it also touches
upon some macro-issues like the incorporation of environmental impact in
growth accounting and also concepts on sustainable development. The eco-
nomic assessment of environmental impacts, and the economics of policies
and institutions which have a bearing of environmental management are also
covered in the course.
80
2 Environment and Macroeconomics
• Assessing the impact of environmental damage on macroeconomic vari-
ables
• Environment and System of National accounts
• Concepts on Green National Income
• Definition on sustainable Development
• Weak notion of sustainability
• Strong Notion of Sustainability
• Practising Sustainable Development.
4 Policy Instruments
• Bases for judging among Instruments
• Static and dynamic efficiency
• Standards, Taxes, subsidies, Market Based Instruments
• Comparing Instruments: Other Considerations
• General Institutional Demands
• Other Dimensions of Judgement
• Liability Provisions
• The Provision of Information; Information disclosure
81
5 Monitoring and Enforcement
• Characteristics of Various M&E Settings
• Elements of a Monitoring and Enforcement System
• Economics of Monitoring and Enforcement
• Monitoring and Compliance as a Decision Under Uncertainty
• Citizens’ Actions
• Conclusions and Reminders
Readings
• Nick Hanley, Jason F. Shogren and Ben White, Environmental Economics-
In Theory and Practice, MacMillan Press Ltd.. Hampshire
• Russell, Clifford. S., Economics of Natural Resources and Environment, Ox-
ford University Press, New York.
82
• Robert Dorfman and Nancy Dorfman, Economics of the Environment, Se-
lected Reading III Edtn,. W.W Norton & Company, New York
• Murty. M.N, Environment, Sustainable Development and Well-being, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi
• Fisher, A.C, Environmental and Resource Economics, Edward Elgar Publish-
ing Ltd, Aldershot
• Henk Folmer , H. Landis Gabel and Hans Opschoor, Principles of Environ-
mental and Resource Economics, Edward Elgar, Aldershot.
• Tom Tietenberg, Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, V Edtn.,
Addison- Wesley, Massachusetts
• Barbier, Edward B., The Economics of Environment and Development, Se-
lected Essays, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham
• David Pearce, Economics and Environment- Essays on Ecological Economics
and Sustainable Development, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
• Tom Tietenberg, Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, IV Edition,
HarperCollins Publishers, New York.
• Ian Goldin and L. Alan Winters,The Economics of Sustainable Development,
Cambridge University Press, New York.
• Kolstad Charles D. Environmental Economics, Oxford University Press.
2003.
• Sterner and Coria. Policy Instruments for Environmental and Resource Man-
agement, Francis and Taylor, 2011.
83
C D S
General Objectives
The main objective of the course is to introduce the students to the use of gender
as an analytical category in the context of development. The course seeks to
equip students with an understanding of the major concepts that are used in
the gender analysis of development. It seeks to provide a historical overview of
gender and development as it emerged as a domain of knowledge with multiple
and contentious theoretical underpinnings. Taking up some of the major
development issues, the course seeks to demonstrate the methodological and
empirical problems that gender analyses raises. In the context of development
issues, it also seeks to provide an understanding of new conceptualizations and
methodologies that gender analyses gives shape to.
84
4 Readings
• Harding S (editor) (1987) “Is there a feminist research method?”, In Fem-
inism and Methodology, pp. 1Ű14. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University
Press.
• Stanley L & Wise S (1993) Breaking Out Again: Feminist Ontology and Epis-
temology, 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
• Blau, F., M. Ferber and A. E. Winkler (1998) The Economics of Women, Men
and Work, Prentice Hall, (3rd. edition), pp. 1–11.
85
• Floro, M. S. (2002) “A Gender Approach to the Collection and Use of
Statistics on Homework”, Paper Presented at the UNIFEM-ESCAP Work-
shop on Gender Approach to the Collection and Use of Statistics, Bangkok,
September 19–21.
86
• Gender planning frameworks and tools
• Uncovering discrimination in India– ‘Towards Equality’, Shramshakti
• Gender and national planning – ‘Women’s role in the planned economy’.
Five year plans, and liberalization.
Readings
• Boserup, Ester. (1970) Women’s role in economic development, New York: St
Martin’s Press
87
• Leela Kasturi, (2004),Introduction and excerpts from the report of the sub com-
mittee women’s role in planned economy, National planning committee series
1947, In M Chaudhuri (ed.) Feminism in India, Delhi: Women Unlimited.
6 Women’s work
• Methodological issues in measurement of women’s work and contribution
to income.
6.1 Readings
• Shahra Razavi (ed.) (2009.) “The gendered impacts of liberalization:
Towards embedded liberalism?” New York: Routledge (for UNRISD).
• Maria Mies. (1986), Indian women in subsistence and agricultural labour, New
Delhi: Vistaar.
88
• Jayati Ghosh. (2002) “Globalisation, export oriented employment for
women and social policy: A Case study of India”, Social Scientist, Vol 30
(11 and 12), pp. 17–60.
• Jain D and N Banerjee (ed). (1985), Tyranny of the Household, New Delhi:
Shakti Books.
• Jain, D. (1996), “Valuing Time”, Economic and Political Weekly, Oct 26.
• Paths towards well being: case studies of public action and mainstreaming
gender
7.1 Readings
• Mark McGillivray (Ed) (2007), Human Well-being: Concept and Measurement,
Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke.
89
• Robin Jeffrey,(2003), Politics, Women and Wellbeing: How Kerala became a
‘Model’, New Delhi: OUP.
• Swapna Mukhopadhyay (2007) (ed.) The Enigma of the Kerala Woman: The
Failed Promise of Literacy, New Delhi; Social Science Press.
• Jane Jenson (2008) “Writing Women Out, Folding Gender” In: The Euro-
pean Union “Modernises” Social Policy Social Politics Summer 2008; 15: 131
- 153.
90
• Kabeer, N. (2001), “Conflicts over credit: re–evaluating the empowerment
potential of loans to women in rural Bangladesh”, World Development, vol
29, no.1.
• Albee, A.(1996). “Beyond banking for the poor: credit mechanisms and
women’s empowerment” Gender and Development, vol.4,no.3.
• Batliwala, S. (1993) The empowerment of women in South Asia: Concepts
and Practices, New Delhi: Sage.
• Caroline Sweetman, (Ed.) (2001) Gender, Development and Health Oxford:
OXFAM.
• Padmini Murhty and Clyde Lanford Smith (2010) Women’s Global Health
and Human Rights London: Jones and Bartlett.
• Arlette Campbell White, Thomas William Merrick, Abdo Yazbeck (2006)
Reproductive Health: The Missing Millenium Development Goal:Poverty,
Health and Development in a Changing World Washington: World Bank.
• G. Gordon and C. Kanstrup, (1992) “Sexuality: The Missing Link in
Women’s Health” IDS Bulletin 23,1.
• World Health Organisation, Sexual and Reproductive Health, Biennial
Report, 2005-2006-2007, Geneva: WHO, 2008
• Ed. Gina M Wingood and Ralph J. DiClemente, (2003) “Handbook of
Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health”, New York: Kluwer.
• Tessa Pollard and Susan Brin Hyatt, (1999) Sex, Gender and Health Cam-
bridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Karen Oppenheim Mason, “gender and Demographic Change: What do
We Know?” in The Continuing Demographic Transition ed. Jones, et al
(Oxford: OUP, 1997), 158-83.
• Karen Oppenheim Mason and An-Margritt Jensen, (1995) Gender and
Family Change in Industrialised Countries Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
• Kingsley Davis, (1945). The World Demographic Transition, Annales of
the American Academy of Political and social science, Vol 237
• Lesley Doyal. (2002)“Gender Equity in Health: Debates and Dilemmas”,
in Gender Health and Healing: The Private-Public Divide. Ed. Bendelow
et al (London: Routledge)
91
• Mohan Rao, (2004)“ The Unheard Scream: Reproductive Health and
Women’s Lives in India, New Delhi: Zubaan and Panos.
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C D S
It is assumed that the student has a basic grounding in Intermediate Micro and
Macro Economics and Basic Econometrics.
The course is organized in terms of three lectures (four and half hours) per
week initially. At the end of each module three sessions (four and half hours)
would be spend on tutorials. Tutorials will focus on empirical applications of
theoretical models discussed in the lecture sessions. Students would be assigned
with home works, group exercises, classroom experiments; short field works etc
as part of the tutorials of the course. Tutorials will also be used for homework
solutions and clarification of lecture material.
Module 1: Concepts, types and measurement of Labour Force, Workforce,
participation rates, Employment, Unemployment, wages.
Module 2: Individual and aggregate labour demand.
Module 3: Individual and aggregate labour supply.
Module 4: labour market equilibrium: Wages and productivity.
Module 5: Human Capital: education and training.
Module 6: Unions and labour market.
Module 7: Features of Labour market in India.
93
4. urban and rural labour markets
5. Income distribution, income inequality and poverty
Basic Readings
• Ronald G. Ehrenberg and Robert Smith (2005)Modern Labour Economics,
5th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Other handouts.
94
C D S
95
• Applications
• Remedies as Incentives
– Alternative Remedies
– Models of Remedies
– Investment in Performance and Reliance
– Incompetence
– Dire Constraints and Remote Risks
• Applications
• Computing Damages
• Applications
• Exchange of Information
• Trial
• Appeals
96
• Judiciary
• Lawyers’ Profession
Essential Readings
• Cooter, R. and T. Ulen (2004), Law and Economics, Boston: Pearson
Addison Wesley
97
C D S
98
• Post harvest technology and Remote sensing in agriculture.
• Terms of Trade.
• Land tenure.
99
6 Market for Agricultural Commodities:
• Changes in domestic demand and consumption.
100
10 Rural Livelihoods and Agriculture:
• Education, other socio-economic overheads and its effect on agriculture.
• Public employment programmes, food security and other social welfare
programmes on rural population.
• Panchayati Raj and other rural institutions in agriculture and rural devel-
opment.
• Sustainable livelihoods and rural households.
Essential Readings:
1. Acharya, S.S and N.L. Agarwal, (2004) Agricultural Marketing in India, 4th
edition, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
2. Bhalla, G.S., (2007) Indian Agriculture Since Independence, National Book
Trust, New Delhi.
3. Bhalla, G.S. and Yoginder L. Alagh, (1979) Performance of Indian Agriculture:
A District-wise Study, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Bhalla, G.S. and D.S. Tyagi, (1989) Patterns in Indian Agricultural Develop-
ment: A District Level Study, Institute for Studies in Industrial Develop-
ment, New-Delhi.
5. Kaushik Basu, (2005) Collected Papers in Theoretical Economics: Development,
Markets, and Institutions, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
6. Pranab Bardhan, (1998) The Economic Theory of Agrarian Institutions, Claren-
don Press, New York.
7. Kaushik Basu, (1997) Analytical Development Economics: The Less Developed
Economy Revisited, MIT Press, Massachusetts.
8. Frank Ellis, (2000) Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries,
Oxford University Press, New York.
9. Frank Ellis and H.Ade Freeman (eds.), (2005) Rural Livelihoods and Poverty
Reduction Policies, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, London.
10. Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, (2004) State of the Indian
farmer- A Millennium Study, 27 Volumes, Academic foundation under ar-
rangement with Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi.
101
11. Dharm Narain, K.N. Raj, Amartya Sen and C. H. Hanumantha Rao (eds.),
(1988) Studies on Indian Agriculture, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
13. Roger Rose, Carolyn Tanner and Margot A. Bellamy (eds.), (1997) Issues in
Agricultural Competitiveness: Markets and Policies, International Association
of Agricultural Economists, Occasional paper 7, Dartmouth Publishing
Company Ltd., England.
14. Ashok Rudra, (1982) Indian Agricultural Economics: Myths and Realities,
Allied Publishers Pvt., New Delhi.
15. Vaidyanathan, A., (2010) Agricultural Growth in India: The Role of Technol-
ogy, Incentives and Institutions, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi.
17. Subba Reddy, P. Raghu Ram, T. V. Neelakanta Sastry and I.Bhavani Devi,
(2004) Agricultural Economics, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
18. Virmani, S.M., J.C. Katyal, H.Eswaran and I.P. Abrol (eds.), (1994) Stressed
Ecosystem and Sustainable Agriculture, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New
Delhi.
Apart from these essential readings, the current issues appeared in the
journals of national as well as international importance- Indian Journal of
Agricultural Economics, Economic and Political Weekly, Indian Journal of
Labour Economics, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Journal of
development studies, Journal of Agrarian Change, etc.- are also suggested.
102
C D S
List of topics:
1. Preliminary concepts: Firm, Industry, Manufacturing, Services, Extractive
and Construction-the concept of value added
6. The role assigned to public sector enterprises and the recent policy on
privatization - evaluation of privatization efforts
103
7. The Small and Medium Scale Sector (SME) - definitional changes-Performance
of the SME sector
12. Energy intensity in Indian industries - trends over time - are the industries
becoming energy efficient mover time?.
Readings:
• Bala, Subrahmanya, M. H. (2004), ‘Small Industry and Globalisation Im-
plications, Performance and Prospects’, Economic and Political Weekly, vol.
39, NO: 18
• Lall, Sanjaya (1983): “The Rise of Multinationals from the Third World”,
Third World Quarterly , Vol. 5, No. 3, July.
104
• Morris, Sebastian (1987): “Trends in Foreign Direct Investment from
India (1950-1982)”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 22, No. 46 and 47,
November 14 and 21.
• Nayyar, Deepak (1994) Industrial Growth and Stagnation: The Debate in India,
editor, Bombay; Oxford University Press.
• Ramamurti, Ravi (2009): “What have we leant about the emerging market
MNEs?” , In: Ravi Ramamurti and Jitendra V Singh edited, Emerging
Multinationals in Emerging Economies, New York: Cambridge University
Press.
105
C D S
106
have strengthened what is called ‘new political economy’ and this is being used
widely to understand the economic and political transition of different countries
toady.
107
Indicative references for teaching
• Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J.A. (2000) “The colonial Origins
of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation”, American
Economic Review, 91(5), pp. 1369-1401
• Bardhan, P. and Mukherjee, D., (1999) Relative Capture of Local and Central
Governments, CIDER working paper no. C99-109.
• Diamon, L and M.F Plattner (1995) Economic Reform and Democracy, Balti-
more: John Hopkins University Press.
• Migdal, J. S., A. Kohli, and V. Shue, (1994) State Power and Social Forces:
Domination and Transformation in the Third World, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
108
• Olson, M., (1993), “Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development”, American
Political Science Review 87: 567-576
• Roland, G. (2000) Politics, Market and Firms, The MIT Press: Cambridge,
Mass.
• Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R., (1998) The Grabbing Hand; Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, (1998)
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C D S
Course Objectives
The aim of the course is to provide the students with the theoretical tools and
practical experience necessary for the appraisal of investment projects. This
course places particular emphasis on understanding the concepts h and the
advantages and drawbacks of each of the main approaches used. The course
will also familiarise the students with case studies which demonstrate the use
of these techniques in practice.
Course description
Planning & Analysis Overview
Phases of capital budgeting – Levels of decision making. Resource Allocation
Framework: Key criteria for allocation of resource– elementary investment
strategies– portfolio planning tools– strategic position and action evaluation–
aspects relating to conglomerate diversification– interface between strategic
planning and capital budgeting.
110
Technical analysis
Study of material inputs and utilities – manufacturing process and technology –
product mixes – plant capacity – location and site – machinery and equipment –
structures and civil works – project charts and layouts – work schedule
Financial Analysis
Estimation of cost of project and means of financing – estimates of sales and
production – cost of production – working capital requirement and its financing
– estimates of working results – breakeven points – projected cash flow statement
– projected balance sheet.
Analysis of Risk
Types and measure of risk – simple estimation of risk – sensitivity analysis –
scenario analysis – Monte-Carlo simulation – decision tree analysis – selection
of project – risk analysis in practice.
111
Multiple projects and constraints
Constraints – methods of ranking – mathematical programming approach –
linear programming model – Qualitative Analysis: Qualitative factors in capital
budgeting – strategic aspects – strategic planning and financial analysis – in-
formational asymmetry and capital budgeting – organizational considerations.
Environmental appraisal of projects: types and dimensions of a project – mean-
ing and scope of environment – Environment – Environmental resources values
– environmental impact assessment and environmental impact statement.
Project Management
Forms of project organization – project planning – project control – human
aspects of project management – prerequisites for successful project implemen-
tation. Network techniques for project management – development of project
network – time estimation – determination of critical path – scheduling when
resources are limit – PERT and CPM models – Network cost system (Only
problems on resources allocation and resources levelling) Project review and
administrative aspects: Initial review – performance evaluation – abandonment
analysis – administrative aspects of capital budgeting – evaluating the capital
budgeting system of an organization.
Suggested Readings
• Chandra, Prasanna. 2006 PROJECTS: Planning, Analysis, Financing, Im-
plementation, and Review, 6th ed. Tata McGraw Hill.
• Cleland, David I., 1995 Project Management: Strategic, Design and Imple-
mentation, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
• Dasgupta, Partha, Amartya Sen and Stephen Marglin, 1972. Guidelines
for Project Evaluation, Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
• Esty, Benjamin 2003 Modern Project Finance: A Casebook. John Wiley
& Sons. Finnerty, John D. 2007 Project Financing: asset based financial
engineering, 2nd ed John Wiley & sons.
112
• Ghattas, R.G. and Sandra L.McKee, 2003 Practical Project Management,
Pearson Education, Delhi.
• Moshin, M., 1977 Project Planning and Control, Vikas Publishing House,
New Delhi.
• Pitale, R.L. 1987 : Project Appraisal Techniques, New Delhi, Oxford and
IBH.
113