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ISA Conditions: Cas / Ias Tas Mach Lss Constant Increases Increases Decreases

This document discusses how airspeeds are affected under different atmospheric conditions when altitude changes while one airspeed remains constant. It summarizes that under International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions, true airspeed (TAS) increases if calibrated airspeed (CAS) remains constant, CAS decreases if TAS remains constant, and both decrease if Mach number remains constant. It also describes what occurs when an aircraft climbs or descends through an isothermal layer or inversion layer.

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706 views

ISA Conditions: Cas / Ias Tas Mach Lss Constant Increases Increases Decreases

This document discusses how airspeeds are affected under different atmospheric conditions when altitude changes while one airspeed remains constant. It summarizes that under International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions, true airspeed (TAS) increases if calibrated airspeed (CAS) remains constant, CAS decreases if TAS remains constant, and both decrease if Mach number remains constant. It also describes what occurs when an aircraft climbs or descends through an isothermal layer or inversion layer.

Uploaded by

ole
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ISA Conditions

A relationship also exists between CAS, TAS and Mach Number under ISA conditions. With
increasing altitude the following graphs depict what will occur if one value remains constant:

This is summarised in the following tabular format, including the affect of increasing altitude on
the Local Speed of Sound (LSS).

CAS / IAS TAS MACH LSS


Constant increases increases decreases
decreases constant increases decreases
decreases decreases constant decreases

The opposite will occur with decreasing altitude under ISA conditions.
Even if the CAS or MN is unaltered on purpose the MN may change due to a change in the
OAT, eg. high temperature to low temperature, the LSS will decrease, thus to maintain a constant
MN the TAS must decrease. For example if two aeroplanes are travelling at the same
MN, but at different flight levels the aeroplane at the lower flight level will have a higher TAS.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Isothermal Layer
If an aeroplane climbs or descends through an Isothermal Layer the graphs on the next page
depict what will happen to the other airspeeds, if one of them remains constant. At a constant
Mach number the LSS will remain constant so the TAS will also remain constant, although the
CAS will reduce during a climb, but will increase during a descent, due to the density error.
Conversely at a constant CAS the TAS and Mach number will both increase during a climb, but
will both reduce during a descent.
Inversion Layer

If an aeroplane climbs or descends through an Inversion Layer the graphs below depict what
will happen to the other airspeeds, if one of them remains constant.

During a climb at a constant Mach number the LSS will increase due to the warmer air so the
TAS will increase, but the CAS will reduce due to the reduction in density. If the aeroplane
climbs at a constant TAS both the Mach number and the CAS will reduce. Conversely if the
aeroplane climbs at a constant CAS the Mach number and the TAS will both increase. During a
descent the reverse will occur, because the LSS will decrease due to the colder air, whilst the
density will increase.

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