MGNREGA Manualjuly PDF

Foreword
Preface iii
Acknowledgements vi
Acronyms
and Abbreviations vii
Illustrations viii
Chapter 1. MGNREGA for Strengthening Livelihoods of the Poor 01
Chapter 2. Enabling Conditions for Rolling out Sustainable Livelihoods through MGNREGA 09
Chapter 3. Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan 15
Chapter 4. Implementation of the Habitation Livelihoods Plan 31
Chapter 5. Capacity Building of PRIs and Community Members 47
Chapter 6. Monitoring Progress on Livelihoods Assets 53
Drawings 57
Jairam Ramesh
Honorable Minister of
Rural Development
Foreword
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is the Government of
India’s largest rural development programme and is also a radical shift from the earlier programmes in
terms of its demand-driven and rights-based architecture. In the last 6 years, MGNREGA has been an
important and fall-back source of income for millions of rural households; on an average 25 per cent of
the rural households seek employment under the Act, annually. MGNREGA has contributed to increased
rural wages across the country, empowerment of marginalized sections and improved natural resource
management.
Undoubtedly, the achievements of MGNREGA have been significant; however, the Act has the potential
to play an even greater role in ensuring productive assets and sustainable livelihoods.
It is thus critical to build the capacity of the communities to more effectively demand their entitlements,
plan works, create durable assets and implement MGNREGA. The Ministry of Rural Development has
taken several initiatives through its next step reforms, namely MGNREGA 2.0, to simplify procedures,
increase use of information technology, involve Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) etc.
The Ministry has also brought out revised Operational Guidelines, including 30 new permissible
works, to encourage synergy between MGNREGA and livelihoods. To help communities and grassroot
officials understand these Guidelines better and improve implementation of MGNREGA. I am happy
that Ministry of Rural Development in collaboration with UNDP and SRIJAN has prepared this User’s
Manual entitled Building Sustainable Livelihoods of the Poor through MGNREGA
The objective of this manual is to enhance people’s involvement in planning, execution and overall
management of MGNREGA, especially in building livelihoods assets for the poor. Towards this
Foreword i
objective, a process of planning and execution at the habitation level has been suggested. A proposal for
the formation of Habitation Level MGNREGA Management Committees (HLMMC) is already under
review. Such a Committee will be particularly helpful in tribal areas. In other areas, the HLMMC will
work under the Gram Panchayat for better implementation of MGNREGA.
Simplification and demystification of complex issues is an important feature of this manual. The manual
will be reviewed and revised incorporating field experience in its implementation on a periodical basis.
Convergence with other programmes and schemes is another relevant important feature of this manual,
since livelihoods promotion requires infrastructure as well as technical inputs from line departments.
Many state governments and district collectors have been adopting measures to promote livelihoods
within the framework of MGNREGA. This “Livelihoods Manual” acknowledges their efforts. I urge all
state governments to thoroughly review this manual and take immediate measures to facilitate adoption
of the manual at all levels. I also hope that elected representatives of local self-government and frontline
functionaries will find this manual useful.
Jairam Ramesh
Honorable Minister of Rural Development
ii Foreword
Preface
Livelihood security for the poor is one of the most level or at any other organizational body that has
important goals of MGNREGA, being attempted been entrusted with the management of common
through creation of durable assets, improved property resources (CPRs)
water security, soil conservation and higher land
productivity. Subscribing to this goal, the new We would like to make it explicit that the manual is
operational guidelines, christened as MGNREGA focused on ‘livelihoods’ and not ‘agriculture’ and
2.0, included 30 new permissible works under thus the livelihoods of landless households must
Schedule 11. be given priority while planning the livelihoods.
Therefore activities related to animal husbandry
The need for a manual is based on the realization like goat rearing, piggery, fisheries, etc that the
that Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and landless households can take up, should be given
frontline functionaries of rural development equal importance.
department and other departments working in
convergence with it don’t have “step by step” Simplification and demystification of complex
guidance to undertake these works. In absence issues is an important feature of this manual.
of such guidance, PRIs may likely end up We firmly believe that rural community has
playing a role of mobilisers of wage seekers, a sufficient knowhow and experience of taking
limited one, while the line departments become up livelihood activities on its own. What people
dominant players as “thinkers,” “planners,” and need is ‘support and facilitation’ by government
“implementers” of MGNREGA at the grassroots. and CSOs. Every external agency must limit itself
to a ‘support and facilitation’ role and the manual
Peoples’ involvement in planning, execution and is based on this premise.
overall management of MGNREGA is widely
accepted as a sine qua non in development theory2 For Which Works
. This manual attempts to take the MGNREGS Specific works for which this detailed manual is
directly to communities at the habitation level by prepared are:
putting in place a Habitation Level MGNREGA
Management Committee (HLMMC) to plan, •Agriculture related works, such as NADEP
execute and monitor. While the Gram Panchayat composting, vermi-composting, and liquid
(GP) continues to act as an implementation bio-manures;
agency, the HLMMC in each habitation under GP •Livestock and fisheries related works, such
will work on its behalf for better implementation as poultry shelter, goat shelter, construction
of MGNREGS. In this manual, the word ‘Gram of pucca (paved) floor, urine tank and fodder
Sabha’ is used to imply meeting of all households trough for cattle-shed, and azolla as cattle-feed
in a village or habitation and it is different supplement;
from ‘general body meeting of the GP.’ The •Preventing natural hazard related works such
planning of works or assets on individual lands as fish drying yards and belt vegetation in
or individual property can be consolidated at coastal areas; and
Dhani, habitation, hamlet, or Fala level, but o Recharging groundwater related works, such
the works on common property will have to be as soak pits and recharge pits.
planned and consolidated at a revenue village
1
Mahatma Gandhi NREGA Operational Guidelines, 2013, 4th Edition.Chapter 7 and Appendix 2 (pp 204 to 228, total number of pages is 231).
2Strengthening decentralised, participatory planning through convergence of various anti-poverty
and livelihoods initiatives is also a goal of MGNREGA (page 11, op cit)
Preface iii
For whom both agree to use it.
This manual is designed primarily for Gram Sabha
Members, Gram Panchayat members (including Scope of the manual is limited to describing a
tribal areas covered under PESA) and frontline procedure to use MGNREGA provisions for
functionaries engaged in implementation building sustainable livelihoods of poor. It does
of MGNREGA such as Panchayat Rojgar not include anything on the MGNREG Act or
Sahayak (PRS), Panchayat Secretary, Panchayat administrative or legal aspects of the Act or
Development Officer (where they are appointed), administrative structure for implementation of
Programme Officers at the block level and so on. MGNREGS.
It should also prove useful to other stakeholders
at local level (district and below) such as district Chapters in the Manual
collectors and the district team, Civil Society The manual has six chapters. The first chapter
Organisations (CSOs), and other line departments captures the conceptual framework of rural
who could act in convergence with MGNREGA3. livelihoods, and gives examples of how
MGNREGA is already being used for sustainable
How to use this Manual livelihoods so as to enthuse the potential readers
The manual is prepared in a simple language about its prospect. The second chapter outlines
and it gives a step by step process of planning the conditions to be created to enable rolling
and execution of the livelihood plan. This is also out of this manual down to the districts and
a training material for PRI representatives and blocks. A participatory process for preparing a
local level officials engaged in MGNREGS. The habitation level livelihoods plan is given in the
manual must be translated into local language third chapter. It lays out the steps to be followed
and a copy of it should be shared with each first at the habitation level (dhanis, tolas, and so
ward member of the GP. State governments on), and then at the Gram Panchayat level, so
should send the manual along with a government as to come up with a complete plan that could
circular so that PRIs and government officials be sent for further processing to the sub district
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3

MGNREGA for Enabling Conditions for Preparation of Habitation
Strenthening Livelihoods Rolling out Sustainable Level Liveihood Plan
of the Poor Livelihoods through
MGNREGA
Chapter 6 Chapter 5 Chapter 4

Monitoring Progress on Capacity Building of Implementation of the
Livelihoods Assets PRIs and Community Habitation Livelihood Plan
Members
3
para 2.7 in chapter 2 of the September 2009 guidelines.
iv Preface
Acknowledgements
India has more number of poor people than of a large number of people. We may not be able
all of Africa. In the words of Prof. Amartya to mention the names of all who contributed
Sen, “Unemployment has many far-reaching towards developing this manual but even then
effects other than loss of income, including we would like to name a few.
psychological harm, loss of work motivation,
skills and self confidence, increase in ailments, We acknowledge the conceptual and moral
disruption of family relations and social life, support and continuous encouragement of Mr.
hardening of social exclusion and accentuation of Dinesh Kumar Jain, Joint Secretary to Government
gender inequalities 1.” of India in the Ministry of Rural Development.
In passing a legislation to guarantee wage We are thankful to Mr C S Rajan, Additional Chief

employment to the rural people, the Indian state Secretary, Rural Development and Panchayati
showed resolute commitment to pursue its vision Raj to Government of Rajasthan, for his valuable
of inclusive growth. Mahatma Gandhi National suggestions. Others who gave us time and
Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) encouraged us to take it forward include Mr V.
is a milestone in the history of rural development Giriraj, Principal Secretary, Rural Development,
in India and is the largest government intervention Maharashtra, Ms Aruna Sharma, Additional Chief
of this kind globally. Implementation has Secretary, Rural Development and Panchayati Raj
thrown new challenges, especially the challenge to Government of Madhya Pradesh, Dr Ravindra
of making the best use of large sums of money Pastor, Commissioner MGNREGA, Madhya
from public exchequer while also plugging the Pradesh, and Mr Saroj Mishra, Deputy Secretary,
leakages in the supply pipeline before it reaches Dept of Panchayati Raj, Government of Odisha,
the wage labourer in the village. Government of district collectors of several districts, and Chief
India and state governments have made huge Executive Officers of Ashta and Budni Janpads
efforts toward meeting this huge challenge. in Sehore district in MP, namely, Mssrs. Upendra
Singh Sengar and Ajit Tiwari. Mr Abhay Kumar,
This manual is one small step towards making Secretary Rural Development and Commissioner
the MGNREGA effective by striving to promote MGNREGA, Government of Rajasthan deserves
sustainable livelihoods for the rural poor. It was special mention in offering to pilot the use of this
a three months’ assignment and task was huge manual in the state.
– meeting various stakeholders across five states
staring from the poor (beneficiaries), members We are also grateful to the leaders and staff
of Gram Panchayats, local self government members of NGOs namely, Jan Shiksha Evam
and PRI officials, district and state level officers Vikas Sansthan, (Dungarpur) and Shaswat
managing the MGNREGS. This manual would (Pune) and the community leaders in the villages
not have been possible without active support they work.
1
Sen, Amartya, Development as Freedom, page 94. Oxford University Press.
vi Acknowlegements
Acronyms and Abreviations
ATMA Agriculture Technology Management Agency
CSOs Civil Society Organisations
GP Gram Panchayat
GS Gram Sabha
IAY Indira Awas Yojana
IWMP Integrated Watershed Management Program
MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005
MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
NHM National Horticulture Mission
NRM Natural Resource Management
NRLM National Rural Livelihoods Mission
PESA Panchayati Raj Extension in Scheduled Areas
PRI Panchayati Raj Institution
PRS Panchayat Rojgar Sahayak
RKVY Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
RD & PR Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
Acronyms and Abreviations vii

Illustrations
Tables
Table No. Title Page
Table 1. Ranking of the households on the basis of eligibility criteria of MGNREGA 20
Table 2. Consolidated Habitation/Village Level Livelihood Plan 23
Table 3. Beneficiary Wise List of Assets to be Constructed and Value of Such Assets 24
Table 4. Grouping of Permissible Works on Common and Private Lands 24
Table 5. Convergence Plan (MGNREGA plus Other Schemes) for Agriculture,
Animal Husbandry and other livelihoods sectors (illustrative list05 27
Table 6. Monitoring Sheet for Assets Built for Wage Earners 57
Text Boxes
Box 1. Mobilisation of SHGs to obtain Livelihoods Benefits under MGNREGA 04
Box 2. Producer Company Runs a Dairy Business 05
Box 3. Nano Orchard (Pomegranate and Chilli) for Small Farmers 06
Box 4. Rajasthan Government’s Efforts at Promoting Livelihoods through MGNREGA 06
Box 5. Salient features of MGNREGA to be Displayed 16
Box 6. Some Agriculture Problems 21
Box 7. Enhancing Agriculture Productivity 21
Box 8. Multipurpose Farm Pond at household level in convergence with Fisheries 25
and Agriculture departments
Box 9. Nandan Falodyan Yojana for horticulture in Madhya Pradesh 26
Box 10. Instructions for Taking up new Permissible Works 32
under MGNREGA Guidelines 2.0
viii Illustrations
Drawings
Drawing 1. NADEP Pit 35 & 58
Drawing 2. Vermi-Compose Pit 36 & 60
Drawing 3. Liquid Bio-manure Pit 37 & 62
Drawing 4. Poultry Shelter 38 & 64
Drawing 5. Goat Shelter 39 & 66
Drawing6. Cattle Shed 40 & 68
Drawing 7. Azolla Tank 41 & 70
Drawing 8. Fish Rearing Tank 42 & 72
Drawing 9. Fish Drying Yard 43 & 74
Drawing10. Storm Water Drains for Coastal Protection 44 & 76
Drawing 11. Soak Pit 45 & 78
Drawing12. Recharge Pit 45 & 80
Illustrations ix
Chapter 1
MGNREGA for Strengthening
Livelihoods of the Poor
This chapter explains the meaning of

‘livelihoods’ and illustrates the potential of
using MGNREGA for creating sustainable
livelihoods for the poor by giving examples of
the efforts being made by Gram Panchayats,
state governments and CSOs (Civil Society
Organisations). Gram Panchayat with a
vision and unbiased commitment to promote
livelihoods security for the poor households
can play an important role in all round
development of its area. What is meant by
livelihoods security? How is it linked with
development of the village? In addition, how
should the Gram Panchayats ensure it for
all the households? Let us discuss these
questions one by one.
Livelihoods
Meaning We Already Know
’Livelihoods’ encompass all those activities by and income earning activities;
which a family earns income, in monetary or non • This access should be adequate, i.e., it should
monetary terms, to feed and clothe its members, enable one to meet livelihood needs; and
provide shelter, and take care of its needs such as • Everyone should be able to gain this access
health and nutrition, education and skills, and so on a sustained basis, i.e., this access should be
on. It includes actions to build or increase value long term, and it should give benefit in the
of assets such as land, water, and forest, the use of long run
which gives income. Activities such as agriculture,
fishing, rearing animals, collecting daily Adequate and sustainable access to resources,
necessities like water, fodder, food items as well income-earning activities should lead to
as goods like timber and medicinal plants from generation of reserves which can be used at the
surrounding wasteland and forest, agricultural time of stress or shock.
as well as non-agricultural wage work, crafts,
employment in trades and professions could all Is it Possible to achieve Sustainable Livelihoods
be counted under the rubric of livelihoods. through MGNREGS?
The popular perception about MGNREGA is
Essential features of livelihoods in rural and that it is a wage-employment program. Other
tribal areas perceptions associated with it are labor problem,
Rural people depend on more than one resource delays in wage-payments and constraining
and more than one activity for earning their procedures. Certainly this is not a promising
livelihoods. A poor household will raise food picture. Indeed, at present there are many
security enhancing crops on a small piece of challenges in ensuring smooth implementation
land, rear goats, and migrate to cities as unskilled of MGNREGA, and many reforms are needed
labour. A landless family may work as farm in its current design and procedures. However,
labour and construction labour, and may also this is one side of the coin. The other side of the
make bidis or agarbattis. Another family may coin presents a more positive picture. Ground
lease in land for agriculture and seasonally level experience demonstrates that Gram
migrate to Punjab to work as farm labour or to Panchayats and communities can certainly use
Gujarat to work on brick kilns and so on. it for strengthening their livelihoods and thereby
enhance the quality of their lives.
‘Security of Livelihoods’, Something Everyone
Aspires For Initiatives of Gram Panchayats, State
If we agree that livelihoods are basically the Governments and Civil Society Organizations
resources and assets (both privately owned and Concerned about increasing inequalities, the
common) and activities aimed at earning income Government of India has focused on ‘inclusive
to meet basic needs such as food, nutrition, growth’ since 2004. There is an unprecedented
shelter, clothing, health and education, then the emphasis on a rights-based approach to
meaning of the term ‘security of livelihoods’ is development through a series of landmark
clear. The ‘essential components of security of legislations like Right to Information Act,
livelihoods’ are: Mahatma Gandhi NREGA, Forest Rights Act,
Right to Education Act, and the upcoming Food
• Everyone should have access to resources
Chapter1 MGNREGA for Strengthening Livelihoods of the Poor 03

Security Bill. While these Acts, backed by huge
financial outlays, are transferring much greater
resources to the rural areas, full benefits of these Over twenty lakh works were taken on
legislations and schemes can only be harnessed private lands in six years from FY 2006-7
when the communities are organized, can demand to 2011-12, implying 14% of the total works
their rights and entitlements and there is a back- (Madhya Pradesh 31%, Rajasthan 30%,
up support to the communities to meaningfully and Chhattisgarh 27%). Since inception,
utilize the entitlements for long-term gains.
almost fifty percent of the total individual
Some CSOs working directly with rural beneficiaries have not sought under the
communities have managed to leverage Scheme. This may mean these farmers are
MGNREGA resources. becoming self dependent. There was a
fifteen percent increase in the cultivated area
Case Study 1. Mobilisation of SHGs to obtain
of small and marginal farmers on whose land
Livelihoods Benefits under MGNREGS:
Example of Jaisinagar Block of Sagar district in works were taken up in Madhya Pradesh.
Madhya Pradesh. Source: MGNREGA Sameeksha, Pages 13-15
SRIJAN mobilized women members and leaders
of the SHGs to participate in the Gram Sabha
and demand their entitlement under MGNREGA
(see box 1). within the MGNREGA guidelines for CSOs
to become implementing partners. Today,
Case study 2: CSOs can Work with MGNREGS organizations like SRIJAN, Samaj Pragati
Successfully: Case of Madhya Pradesh Sahyog and ASA have undertaken many projects
The Madhya Pradesh government has also been through guidelines that allow watershed
was the first to proactively in creatinge space activities in convergence with MGNREGS.
Box 1. Mobilisation of SHGs to obtain Livelihoods Benefits

under MGNREGS in Sagar, Madhya Pradesh
Northern Madhya Pradesh, generally known as Bundelkhand, has strong patriarchic roots. SRIJAN has
promoted self help groups in in several districts of Bundelkhand in Madhya Pradesh. It has over 140 SHGs
in 42 villages of Jaisinagar block of Sagar district. Over 1600 women have been organized into 19 clusters
and a federation called Sagar Shree Mahila Mahasangh.
The women and their families had faced several issues in MGNREGS. Sarpanches retained their job cards and
there was discrimination in wage rates. Construction work was being done by contractors using machines.
Using a range of visual aids and pamphlets, SRIJAN’s Jaisinagar team started raising awareness about
MGNREGA among SHG members. They encouraged women to participate in the Gram Sabha but
Sarpanches obstructed their entry and threatened to inform their husbands. Not to be cowed down, leaders
of SHG federation approached CEO of Janpad Panchayat (block) and other officials who came forward to
support them in this cause. Participation of women in the Gram Sabha meetings went up to over 70 per cent
from about one third.
SRIJAN mobilized women members and leaders of the SHGs to participate in the Gram Sabha and demand their entitlement under
MGNREGA (see box 1).
04 Chapter1 MGNREGA for Strengthening Livelihoods of the Poor

Creating space within MGNREGS guidelines for plots of small farmers, directly or through
involvement of CSOs was a promising step, even recharge of their wells (see box 3).
though there have been difficulties in providing
adequate funding to them. Case Study 4. State governments’ Efforts to
Promote Livelihoods of the Poor: Examples of
Case Study 3: MGNREGA can help poor build Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
income generating assets and benefit from Several state governments have made special
existing livelihoods promotion projects: Case effort to promote sustainable livelihoods for
of Dairy Producers Company in Sagar and wage employment seeking households through
Horticulture Project in Tikamgarh and Anuppur MGNREGA. Rajasthan government allowed
Producer Company of dairy producers in individuals from low socio-economic strata to take
Sagar District set up by SRIJAN has established up works for development of their agricultural
backward and forward linkages for its members land under a sub scheme called ‘Apana Khet,
in remote villages. SRIJAN professionals’ team Apana Kam’ (see box 4). Similarly, in Madhya
and veterinary doctors of the government Pradesh, government designed schemes that help
department support dairy service centres and job card holders build assets such as wells, farm
train local youth as pashu Sakhis and livestock ponds, small horticulture and fisheries, often in
assistants that provide services at the doorstep of convergence with line departments (see further
dairy producers (see box 2). Assets such as Azolla details in the chapter on convergence and box 10
tank have been erected that improve milk quality therein). Similarly, to promote fisheries the farm
and reduce cost of milk production. Poor people ponds dug under MGNREGS were converged
can use new provisions under MGNREGA to with a government initiated programme called
build Azolla tank, cattle shed construction and “Meenakshi”. The embedding strategies ensured
other such assets and benefit from value chains to provide technical support to the beneficiary to
already established by producer companies in convert the farm ponds to nursery tanks for fish
the dairy sector and likewise those by farmer culture.
producer organisations in agriculture sector.
Why these Villages Could Achieve these Results?
Likewise, farm ponds hold great promise to What made this possible? Review of these success
supply life supporting irrigation to horticulture stories reveals that situation in every village is

Box 3. Nano Orchard (Pomegranate and Chilli)
for Small Farmers in Madhya Pradesh
With assistance of SRIJAN, over 400 small and marginal farmers have developed tiny orchards of half an
acre each, planting 40 pomegranate saplings of Bhagwa and Ganesh variety, interspersed with chilli, as
a short term income enhancement measure. In 2012-13, 676 plants began bearing fruit in Tikamgarh and
974 plants in Anuppur. Tikamgarh farmers have earned 1.2 lakh rupees by selling over 1,900 kilograms of
pomegranate fruit, at the rate of Rs. 61 per kilogram.
Under IWMP, farmers have dug farm ponds (32 so far) as an irrigation supporting measure in Tikamagarh
(IWMP is a programme of the Rural Development Ministry for watershed development). Farm ponds can be
dug using MGNREGA.
different. Yet there are some common attributes, are homogenous communities. Even among
which are: homogeneous communities there are various
interest groups. Yet, in all these villages, people
• Ownership of GPs and communities in the have been able to build consensus on what to
process of planning do and how to do. This sounds rather unusual.
The ownership of Gram Panchayat and Most of us are familiar with the scenario that
communities is probably the most striking government schemes often identify eligible
common feature among all the case studies households and end up dividing the communities
mentioned above. The GPs and villagers together into two or more groups. Accessing benefit of a
decide that they themselves want to bring about scheme becomes a contested domain, more so, if
positive change in their situation. They recognize it is a scheme for individual beneficiaries.
that they will have to take responsibility for their
own development, and that they are in the best It seems that there are two principles or thumb-
position to understand what they need and what rules that all these villages followed: (i)
they have. They also realize that they have the consideration of all the stakeholders in the village;
right to utilize the common property resources and (ii) prioritization according to their need.
as well as the responsibility to nurture them and Every family was assured that it would get the
utilize them in a sustainable manner. benefit in a certain time-frame. Choices available
under MGNREGS and clarity about its scope are
Their experience has taught them that the solutions the two major factors that have facilitated this
that weren’t grounded in their specific context achievement.
wouldn’t help them in the long run. Therefore,
the activities they selected to implement through • Distinctive features of MGNREGA that
MGNREGA were relevant for them, were easy to promote individual livelihoods
take up, and more importantly, along with wage There are three distinct features of MGNREGA,
earning, these activities could result in a long which have been utilized very well in almost
term benefit. all the examples described above, namely:
(a) guaranteed employment for every adult
• Inclusive process, assurance of benefits to person who is willing to do manual work, (b)
every family empowerment of the Gram Panchayat and Gram
It is important to note that not all of these villages Sabha (GS) to decide on works that can be taken

up for providing employment on demand, and success stories we find that people themselves
(c) Prioritization of works that result in creation of have decided upon works to be taken up through
assets for strengthening of livelihoods of poor. For MGNREGA. It is significant that they have not
works creating public assets there is no criteria of just ‘demanded employment’, but proactively
caste or tribe. However, while deciding the works suggested means of creating employment.
for individual beneficiaries, first priority should Analysis of their livelihood situation has enabled
be given to those families that are needier while them to identify specific gaps and consequent
the less needy become eligible for benefit, once solutions. On the basis of this analysis, they
more needy families have availed the benefit. have adopted various strategies for improving
Wherever GPs or Gram Sabhas have taken the livelihood scenario in their villages. These
initiative in the process of preparing MGNREGS include: (a) Value addition in traditional / existing
plan and succeeded in winning the confidence of livelihood activities (example, azolla tanks to
various groups in the community, they have also enhance nutritional value in animal feed); and
succeeded in giving this message. (b) Initiating new activities in harmony with local
natural resources.
• Focus on ‘Security of Livelihoods’ and
Appropriate Strategies • Recognizing the link between Natural
In the absence of vision and participation in Resources and Security of livelihoods
the community, works are planned in an ad- In many of the examples, villagers have
hoc manner. Invariably, plans lack reflection of recognized the close association between status
the people’s aspirations and needs in it. In the of local natural resources and security of their

livelihoods. People depend on local natural innovative manner; in other cases, CSOs have
resources for fulfillment of livelihood needs such supported GPs and people develop their vision
as water, fuel, forest produce and so on. Those as well as build capabilities. In still other cases,
who have private means (land or any other) also district and state governments have given special
depend on these resources in one or the other permission for executing certain ideas on a pilot
way. In short, development and management basis and helped in ensuring convergence of
of natural resources such as water bodies, soil, different programs and schemes. Contribution
forest, hills, grazing lands, and wastelands in of such enabling conditions at the ground level
a sustainable way has a beneficial impact on as well as at the state level is undoubted. It is
enhancing livelihoods security of the villages in also necessary to work with the district and
short as well as long term. GPs and villagers, state governments for bringing about enabling
and civil society organizations and government conditions for meeting the challenge of utilizing
officers working with them in the success stories MGNREGA effectively. Second chapter discusses
have recognized this. That is why they were able this aspect of ‘enabling conditions’ at great length.
to utilize MGNREGA for building sustainable In order to ensure that such enabling conditions
livelihoods of poor. actually obtain, it would be essential for the
state governments to pass necessary orders that
Conclusion realize MGNREGA’s immense potential for
In some cases, government officials have taken strengthening livelihoods of the poor in the
the initiative to implement MGNREGA in an villages.

Chapter 2
Enabling Conditions for Rolling out
Sustainable Livelihoods through MGNREGA
The MGNREGS faces a number of operational

issues in its present form of implementation
which should be addressed on priority. If
the MGNREGS is expected to contribute in
strengthening sustainable livelihoods of poor,
there are some additional issues that would
have to be addressed.
Enabling Conditions
For Rolling out Sustainable Livelihoods
Awareness about MGNREGA Operational there are many aspects related to ownership,
Guidelines, 2013 (additional 30 new permissible access to inputs and services, linkages with
works) among all stakeholders: The message markets and so on. Currently the MGNREGA
that ‘MGNREGA is to be used to strengthen the has not optimally leveraged resources to build
livelihoods of the poor’ and the kinds of new complementary assets from other programmes
activities that can be taken up under MGNREGS such as Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, Watershed
should be widely disseminated. The mass media Development, National Horticulture Mission
like radio, television, and newspapers can be and National Rural Livelihoods Mission.
effectively used for the message dissemination
at macro level. A set of posters, hoardings, short There are a number of reasons for lack of
video clips can be prepared (at national or state convergence. Accountability mechanisms
level) and used at the micro/local level. are different in different programmes. While
MGNREGA insists on social audit, NHM and
Greater Engagement of Communities and RKVY don’t. Frontline functionaries of other
PRIs in Scheme Implementation: In order to departments may not be accountable to Gram
focus on ‘livelihoods strengthening through Panchayat and may not thus participate in the
MGNREGS,’ it is suggested that its objective Gram Sabha meetings, either when it is planning
and the strategies should be restated as ‘The for MGNREGS or for implementation. Design
purpose of MGNREGS is to actively contribute elements of some of the programme are such that
towards strengthening sustainable livelihoods of they don’t seem to be particularly focused on
the poor while ensuring minimum 100 days of small and marginal farmers. For example, NHM
wage employment to all households who are so and RKVY are thematic programmes and their
willing.’ The way MGNREGS is being currently objective is to enhance agriculture productivity
implemented does not always give control irrespective of the poverty status of clients.
to Gram Panchayats. In the present system
‘government’ is the ‘owner’ of the scheme. The The line departments have a very important
engineers (as custodians of technical expertise) role in convergence of development schemes.
are watchdogs and the Gram Panchayats end To ensure that there is good coordination
up becoming ‘implementers’. Communities between the line departments and other
and PRIs will have to be encouraged to take executing agencies especially Panchayats, the
responsibility for planning, implementation and state governments need to bridge differentials
monitoring MGNREGS while the role of the line in norms of implementation of these schemes
departments would need to become that of a especially material and labor ratio and align the
‘technical support agency’. roles of different executing agencies and roles of
different tiers in the PRI system.
Convergence: If MGNREGA is to contribute
towards sustainable livelihoods of poor, Gram Sabha is the most appropriate forum
convergence with other development for promoting convergence. It can happen at
programmes is essential. It should be understood the time of planning. The Gram Panchayat can
and appreciated that the livelihoods of poor are prepare a comprehensive livelihood plan of
diversified and even within one livelihood sector the GP and within that they can indicate the
Chapter 2 Enabling Conditions for Rolling out Sustainable Livelihoods through MGNREGA 11
activities to be supported by MGNREGA and Incomplete works. A large number of works
other programmes. undertaken under MGNREGS are usually left
incomplete for a long time. As the funds flow,
Monitoring: The monitoring indicators of and as and when there is demand for wages, the
MGNREGS at present are mainly limited to works are re-started without any sense of urgency
‘employment’ and ‘payment’ such as number to finish the work. Many times, the estimates for
of labor days generated, amount of funds spent, works are prepared without survey of the actual
number of MGNREGS cards issued etc., which are site or without any estimate of the demand for
important, and MIS has increased transparency wage employment, giving rise to technical or
hugely. Yet, if MGNREGS were to effectively other issues at the time of execution. Digging of
address the livelihoods of the poor, livelihoods farm pond in hard stratum is one such example.
related indicators would have to be added, such In such situations, expenditure goes above the
as area brought under cultivation, increase in estimate, and departments cut down on wages
irrigated area, and increase in milk production and people refuse to come to work. This might
and fodder availability, etc. not be a bad idea in the context of ‘employment
generation through MGNREGS.’ If livelihoods
Capacity Building of PRIs: The efforts have are to be strengthened through MGNREGS, the
been made to build capacity of PRIs but are works MUST be completed on time, for example,
still inadequate. Most PRIs don’t have sufficient to take advantage of the monsoon, etc. Hence
staff to manage such a large scheme. Financial proper survey and prior situation assessment
resources need to be made available to PRIs become critical.
for outsourcing of staff like Rojgar Sahayak
or other such assistants (one rank above the Awareness Generation about addressing
mates) in order to reduce their work load. State Livelihoods through MGNREGA: In a rapid
governments are not able to reach out to train the assessment of MGNREGA across five states,
lowest tier (yet the backbone) of the PRI due to: (a) it was found that the implementation of the
paucity of skilled human resource, and (b) lack of scheme is being adversely affected due to lack of
perspective about training. State level institutes awareness about the scheme at different levels.
(like SIRDs) conduct several trainings of PRIs Along with awareness about MGNREGA, a
and other government functionaries. They don’t thorough knowledge and understanding of
equip the participants with the requisite skills. livelihoods promotion is also needed. As one
They could do with some improvement. would appreciate, the solution to the complex
issue of livelihoods lies in adopting an ‘innovative
Specific capacity building needs of PRIs are: a) approach’ and ‘intelligent application in the
planning livelihoods in the context of MGNREGS; local context’. This requires a certain degree of
b) project implementation - measurement of flexibility on the part of implementers.
the works, budgeting, etc.; c) identification of
appropriate livelihood interventions; and d) One level of awareness thus is about the act
convergence among various programs. To roll and the scheme, its salient features, its main
out the livelihoods works under MGNREGS, purpose and the rights of people. This has to
there is a need of ‘facilitators’ at the GP level. be taken care of by the State Government at
The experienced PRIs representatives can be macro level through the use of mass media. The
identified as Community Livelihood Resource second level of awareness is about procedures,
Persons (CLRP) and they can effectively guide such as planning, demanding work, etc. and the
PRIs (on fee basis) to implement livelihood execution of the program under MGNREGA at
related activities through MGNREGS. village/ Panchayat level. This part is best dealt
12 Chapter 2 Enabling Conditions for Rolling out Sustainable Livelihoods through MGNREGA
with by PRIs. Once common man knows about about livelihoods, the types of activities that can
the scheme, there will be better demand creation be undertaken under MGNREGS and the scope
and the participation of community will increase of convergence with other programs/ schemes to
in MGNREGA. The third level of awareness is address the complete spectrum of livelihoods.
Chapter 2 Enabling Conditions for Rolling out Sustainable Livelihoods through MGNREGA 13
Chapter 3
Preparation of Habitation Level
Livelihoods Plan
The purpose of the chapter is to outline a

participatory process of preparing a habitation
level livelihoods plan, in accordance with the
MGNREGA guidelines. The clause (iv) of the
Chapter 6 reads as follows, “[The] process of
planning and identification of projects must
start in a participatory manner at the habitation
level, reflecting the needs and aspirations of
the local people, while ensuring maximum
participation of women, SCs/STs and the
poor. These habitation-level proposals will be
collated at the GP level, incorporating inter-
habitation works that will also need to be
identified, again in a participatory manner.” It
recognizes the need to raise awareness among
the villagers about livelihoods enhancing
provisions of MGNREGA, to bring together
various stakeholders, to form a group to push
the participatory process, to identify eligible
households, to match their livelihoods needs
with what could be done under the Act, and to
finally make a plan and estimate a budget for
labour and material components in a form that
could be consolidated for the Gram Panchayat,
and sent to the district for approval.
Box 5. Salient Features of MGNREGA Enabling Livelihoods
Security (to be displayed at a prominent place)
• MGNREGA is the short form of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and it
guarantees 100 days of wage employment to a local rural household in a year if it demands work.
• Gram Panchayat shall issue a Job Card within 15 days of a a family applying for registration, after due
verification.. To be eligible for a job card, a family must have local residence in the area of the GP. Registration
of Job Cards and photographs are free of cost.
• For demanding work, a Job Card holding family has to make an application in writing to the GP or Programme
Officer at the block level. It is the duty of GP to issue a dated receipt to the applicant. He or she can apply for
wage work using form No 6 at Panchayat office, anganwadi, government school, PDS, ASHA worker, PHC,
Patwari, Mate and NREGA office. In Rajasthan, all ward members of a GP are authorized to issue the receipt of
Form 6.
• Unskilled manual work is provided within 15 days of demand and minimum wages for agricultural labour are
to be paid according to the prevalent Schedule of rural rates. The payment will be based on task basis and job
card holders can tally their tasks with a muster roll. One has the right to get the wages according to the task
performed.
• If employment is not provided within 15 days of application, unemployment allowance shall be paid by the
State Government. The allowance will not be less than one-fourth of the wage rate for the first thirty days and
not less than one-half of the wage rate for the remaining period of the financial year.
• Permissible works enhancing livelihoods security of the rural poor can be created. These include:
• provision of irrigation facility, dug out farm pond, horticulture plantation, farm bunding and land
development on land owned by households specified in paragraph 1C of Schedule I;
• agriculture related works, such as NADEP composting, vermi-composting, and liquid bio-manures;
• livestock related works, such as poultry shelter, goat shelter, construction of pucca floor, urine
• tank and fodder trough for cattleshed, and azolla as cattle-feed supplement;
• works in coastal areas, such as, fish drying yards, belt vegetation;
• rural drinking water related works, such as soak pits and recharge pits;
• rural sanitation related works, such as individual household latrines, school toilet units, anganwadi
toilets, solid and liquid waste management.
• These activities shall be allowed on land or homestead owned by households belonging to the Scheduled
Castes and the Scheduled Tribes or below poverty line families or the beneficiaries of land reforms or the
beneficiaries under the Indira Awas Yojana of the Government of India or that of the small or marginal
farmers as defined in the Agriculture Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008, or the beneficiaries under the
Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007).
• This is subject to the condition that: (a) The households referred to above shall have the job card; and (b) the
beneficiaries shall work on the project undertaken on their land or homestead
• All plans and labour budgets have to be approved in a meeting of the Gram Sabha (or habitation sabha) on
15th August, where Gram Panchayat has to present these. It is the duty of the Programme Officer that these
Gram Sabha meetings are held.
• Beneficiary has no liability for work done under MGNREGA, neither the utilized money during work is treated
as a loan nor would he or she be liable to pay for labour who has worked on his or her land.
Information about MGNREGA should be displayed on a notice board (sample given in Box 5), at two or three prominent places in each
habitation of the GP.
Preparation of
Habitation Livelihoods Plan
• Arrive at a common understanding among elected representatives of
Awarness Panchayti Raj Institutions and Frontline Functionaries
Building • Reach out to community in each habitation
• Build familiarity about schemes that have potential for convergence
Priortizing • Identification of vulnerable groups

Eligible • Ranking of households according to MGNREGA criteria
Households • Sector wise grouping of households
Habitation • Formation of habitation level MGNREGA Management Committee

Level • Problem analysis for each sector by the group
Livelihoods • Individual decides on the asset to be built
Plan • Consolidation at the habitation level/ GP level
Technical
• Getting external help in technical design and estimate
Design and
• Preparation of labour budget, subject to labour availability
Labour Budget • Approval from Block and District Level
Preparation
Figure 1. Four Phases of Individual Livelihoods Planning at the Habitation Level.
The process of making a habitation level plan the fields, timely availability of good quality seed
is envisaged in four phases, namely, awareness and fertilizer, storage facility for the produce,
building, prioritizing eligible households, access to markets for better price etc. combined
developing a habitation level plan for various together can ensure better livelihood for a
assets and its consolidation at Gram Panchayat, family. Similar is the case of animal rearing and
and finally, preparation of technical design small businesses and enterprises. The activities
and labour budget. This schema is depicted in under a livelihood sector can be visualised like a
figure 1. chain, its strength being as good as the strength
of its weakest link. For example, if a farm pond
It may be reiterated that poor usually have a is provided without any means for lifting the
diverse set of livelihoods sources, namely, small water to use it for irrigation, there will not be any
agriculture farm, a few animals, some members of impact on livelihoods. Similarly the increased
family going for wage labor (in local area or cities) milk production without market linkage (better
and so on. Even within one stream of livelihood, price) will only produce a sub-optimal impact.
there are a number of activities and issues that
impact them. In agriculture, for example, quality MGNREGS, however, would support only those
of land, availability of water for irrigation, pump few of the livelihood activities that generate labor
and power to lift water from source to irrigate employment while building productive assets
Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan 17

for wage earners or for public use. For rest of or Janpad Panchayat, community leaders, GP
the activities, resources from other government secretary, Gram Sevak, Auxiliary Nurse and
programs must be leveraged. The above Midwife, Patwari, and such others.
mentioned ‘concept of livelihoods’ will be the key
while planning for habitation level livelihoods The following topics could be discussed:
for which procedure is described below. Objectives, salient features, works that can be
taken up under MGNREGS (both on common
Alignment with the Chapter 6 on Planning in land and private lands), role of the Gram
the MGNREGA Operational Guidelines, 2013: Panchayat in implementation of MGNREGS, and
The steps given below complement the process major issues relating to livelihoods in the village.
of planning for works and preparation of labour
budget given in Chapter 6 of the MGNREGA Please give sufficient advance notice to the participants.
Operational Guidelines, 2013. For example, A personal invitation by Sarpanch would be a good
baseline survey required for assessing demand idea. The meeting should be held in GP office or at any
(section 6.2) could actually be supplemented by common place at a time convenient to all.
the process of working with sectoral stakeholder
groups demanding individual productive assets Output: Common understanding on MGNREGA
while also identifying public works whose wage among the participants of the meeting
employment potential is high (section 6.4 accords
legitimacy to stakeholder groups). Likewise,
quality of shelf of projects will greatly improve Step 2: Reach out to the Households in each
when individual productive assets are added. Habitation
Gram Sabha can recommend individual works Form ‘Habitation level MGNREGS special
to the district administration (section 6.3, clause group’ from among the participants, comprising
(i)), and Gram Panchayat is a custodian of shelf all elected members of a ward or phala or
of projects (clause X of section 6.4). These steps tola or the habitation, community leaders,
are suggestive in nature, proper implementation representatives of the SHGs and other habitation
(step-wise) would ensure preparation of level institutions. The specific task of this group
Habitation Livelihoods Plan. would be to call a meeting of the entire habitation
(one representative from each household).
Step 1: Generating Awareness about Livelihoods
Enhancing Potential of MGNREGS If women don’t wish to attend the common
Awareness building about MGNREGS among meeting, call a separate meeting of women of
the villagers should be the first step, especially the habitation. In this meeting, the MGNREGS
the scheme’s application for impacting the special group would discuss the salient features
livelihoods of the poor. Information about of MGNREGS and its objectives, particularly the
MGNREGA should be displayed on a notice individual livelihoods promoting features.
board (sample given in Box 5), at two or three
prominent places in each habitation of the GP. A folk drama, street play, flexi chart, and such
other means may be used to disseminate
Gram Panchayat should call a meeting of PRI the knowledge about MGNREGS and use of
representatives and the representatives of the MGNREGS to build sustainable livelihoods
village institutions such as Self Help Groups
(SHGs), Dairy Cooperative, Primary Agriculture Output: Common understanding on MGNREGS
Cooperative Society, Water Users’ Association, among all villagers
elected representatives at the Panchayat Samiti
18 Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan

Step 3: Build familiarity about schemes that have Step 5: Identification of the most vulnerable
potential for convergence households in a habitation
The possible schemes for convergence are MGNREGA Operational Guidelines, 2013
National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), (4th edition) provide the eligibility criteria for
National Horticulture Mission (NHM), Integrated selecting the households on whose lands or
Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), homesteads the activities enhancing livelihoods
and Farmer Field Schools under Agriculture security can be undertaken1. In order to identify
Technology Management Agency (ATMA). most vulnerable HHs in a habitation, HLMMC
Please also see step 10 below. will identify the households based on the criteria
given below:
Step 4: Formation of Habitation Level
MGNREGS Management Committee (HLMMC) • HHs where main breadwinner is chronically
In the first meeting of all households (HHs) of ill,
a habitation or a revenue village, HLMMC will • HHs whose main source of livelihood is wage
be formed comprising all ward members of the labor (local or outmigration),
habitation, one representative of each SHG in • HHs that has a person with disability,
the habitation, chairman/vice chairman of each • HHs that isn’t food secure,
formal institution in the habitation such as dairy • HHs that doesn’t have shelter or only has a
cooperatives, producer group or a company, Kaccha ghar, and
watershed committee, and water user group. • HHs headed by a woman or a senior citizen or
The Sarpanch and Rojgar Sahayak of GP will be one that only has minor (s).
special invitees in all the meetings of HLMMC.
The general body of the village or habitation will HLMMC will compile this information into
nominate a knowledgeable person in village/ one list, ranking the households on the basis
habitation as president of HLMMC by consensus. of number of times a household appears in a
Only the persons living in that habitation can category. For example, when a HH satisfies all
become members of the committee. six criteria given above, that would be the most
vulnerable and the HH qualifying on five criteria
Roles and responsibilities of HLMMC: The would be next on vulnerability ranking.
HLMMC will be responsible for planning,
execution (implementation) and monitoring HLMMC will present the above list (ranked as per
of all MGNREGS works in their habitation on criteria - most vulnerable to vulnerable) to Gram
behalf of GP which is the implementing agency Sabha or to the general assembly of all households
of MGNREGS as per the Act. All members of in a habitation, and make suitable changes and
HLMMC will undergo a 15 day orientation cum put it to the Gram Panchayat for approval. If it
training on MGNREGS and planning process. is found that some of the vulnerable households
aren’t able to avail the benefit of a government
Output: The HLMMC formed and made
scheme, despite being entitled to it, Gram
responsible and capable for preparing the
Panchayat should send its recommendation to
habitation MGNREGS plan.
the district administration.
1
As per paragraph IC of Schedule I all activities mentioned in items (iv), (x), (xi) and items (xiii) to (xv) of paragraph 1B of Schedule I shall be allowed on
land or homestead owned by households belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes or below poverty line families or the beneficiaries of land
reforms or the beneficiaries under the Indira Awas Yojana of the Government of India or that of the small or marginal farmers as defined in the Agriculture
Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008, or the beneficiaries under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest
Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007). Operational Guidelines, 2013, 4th Edition, Page 64.

The HHs so identified would be given first chance While planning the works on private lands under
to benefit from MGNREGS. MGNREGS, the top ranked households, if willing
to undertake works on their private lands, will be
Output: A list of most vulnerable households in given first priority.
habitation/GP approved by GP
Output: List of eligible households (for taking up
Step 6: Ranking of households according to the works under MGNREGA on their private lands)
MGNREGS Criteria and their prioritization.
In order to prioritise households based on the
criteria given under MGNREGS, the following Step 7: Sector wise Grouping of Households
data should be collected: (a) Collect the list of In order to bring together the households for a
BPL families and IAY beneficiaries from Gram discussion on problems and solutions concerning
Sewak or Secretary GP; (b) Prepare list of SC/ST their major sources of livelihoods, following steps
households having land in the habitation (include need to be followed:
Ward Member in the process); and (c) Obtain the
list of small and marginal farmers from Patwari. Find out major livelihoods of the people and list
the households as per their livelihoods. A family/
The above lists should be merged into one list household may have more than one livelihood.
using all the information about their entitlement For example, a family will have agriculture, also
or eligibility criteria. In the table below, first to rear a few animals, one family member may also
third columns relate to general information about be in some service or having a shop, etc. Ask each
the HH, fourth column is about community HH as to its primary livelihood (on which major
(whether HH belongs to scheduled tribe or caste part of their time is spent during a year) and
(ST/SC), fifth is BPL/IAY, and sixth column secondary livelihood (second livelihood where
to indicate whether HH is small and marginal next major time is spent) . The livelihoods could
farmer, and so on). be in four categories: Agriculture (including fruits
A household falling in maximum number of and vegetables), livestock rearing (including goat
categories will be ranked first (top priority) and rearing, poultry, fisheries, and piggery), daily
so on. wage labour, and enterprises & services.
Display the list along with rank or priority in The HLMMC should be given the responsibility
each habitation and at Gram Panchayat office. to identify primary and secondary sources of
Table No.1: Ranking of the households on the basis of the eligibilty criteria of MGNREGA’s
Eligibility criteria
Serial Name Father’s/ Hamlet’s or
No. husband’s name habitation’s Name ST/SC BPL/ Small and Total points Rank of eligibility for
IAY marginal farmers gained MGNREGA’s work
1 Ganesh Ramlal Basti 1 1 1 3 1
2 Mahesh Arjun Basti 0 0 1 1 3
3 Dhayna Singh Banesingh Basti 1 1 0 2 2
6
Assumption here is that most rural livelihoods are labour intensive and hence more value or income is derived from occupations or livelihoods
where a household spends more time and so on.

livelihoods of households in their habitation. total participants will be divided into two groups
Groups of households should be constituted – one comprising of small and marginal farmers
as per the primary source of livelihoods. All (say G1) and other comprising of progressive
households having a common primary source farmers (say G2). The participants will discuss
of livelihood or occupation will come into one the major problems that agriculture is facing and
stakeholder group and plan together. There major potential for growth in agriculture sector.
could be a group of households who wish to build
assets to protect them from natural hazards. The G1 will identify major problems that they are
facing as farmers (see text box 6). On each of the
There will be following stakeholder groups in issues listed above, the participants will identify
each habitation. specific problems, their root causes and possible
solutions (interventions).
a.Agriculture Stakeholder Group
b.Livestock Rearing Stakeholder Group
(including dairy, poultry, goat rearing,
fisheries, etc)
c.Common Property Stakeholder Group
(including land, water and forest)
Output: Sector Wise List of Households having

Common Source of Livelihoods in a Habitation.
Below a process is described, as an illustration,

to identify problems and their solutions in
agriculture and livestock rearing sectors.
HLMMC may decide to call the households
deriving their income mainly from wage labour
to any of the sectoral groups or to the discussion
on common works.
Step 8: In-depth discussion in the habitation

level community to identify the problems and
their solutions for each livelihood sector
The HLMMC will refer to the major livelihood
sectors and the group of households having
primary livelihood of that sector. The committee
will call a meeting of all HHs having one sector
as primary livelihood source at one time: (Say The G2 will identify potential ways by which one
agriculture, livestock rearing, and common could increase productivity or get higher income
nature work.) and do the sector analysis as given (see text box 7). The objective would be to identify
below. interventions required to increase the income of
farmers from agriculture.
Agriculture
The committee will call a meeting of all HH having Villagers may identify that their lands are
agriculture as primary livelihood source. The saline, or water logged, or lands being rendered

unusable because of seepage from nearby canal/ buffaloes; (b) the Small Livestock sub group
tank and so on. On the other hand, they may come comprising HH whose primary livelihood source
up with interventions such as leveling of lands is based on rearing goat and sheep, or raise pigs
to bring more area under cultivation, developing or ducks, etc.; and (c) the Fisheries sub group.
yards for thrashing and cleaning their produce,
and so on. Some agriculture related individual Each group will discuss the problems that they
works have been identified in the new list of 30 are facing, suggest solutions and also discuss the
permissible works, design and cost estimate for potential for strengthening livelihoods of the poor
which are given in the next chapter. from dairy, small livestock, fisheries, respectively.
Problems in dairy (large ruminants) that are often

cited by rural people are: poor quality animal
breed, scarcity of fodder (especially during
summer), non availability of quality feed, lack
of sufficient water, lack of veterinary care, lack
of proper shelter, lack of marketing of milk and
other products, lack of storage of fodder or final
produce, and so on.
Problems to do with small livestock could be

the following: poor quality animal breed, lack
of grazing pasture; lack of nutritious feed, high
kid mortality and lack of veterinary care; lack
of proper shed and proper care; exploitative
practices in marketing of animals and products,
and so on.
Output: (Agriculture Planning): Interventions to Some animal husbandry related individual
solve agriculture related problems and to ensure works have been identified in the new list of 30
agriculture growth in the village permissible works, design and cost estimate for
which are given in the next chapter.
Livestock Rearing
The households for whom animal husbandry or
Output (livestock rearing planning):
rearing livestock such as cows or buffaloes or
identification of activities that can be taken up for
poultry or engaging in fisheries and piggery is a
building sustainable livelihoods of poor through
primary source of income will meet as a group.
livestock rearing
They will diagnose major problems by identifying
their root causes. Further they fill explore
options with regard to solutions or interventions Similar process could be adopted to identify
that would reduce costs, reduce vulnerabilities individual works to prevent natural hazards
and increase income from livestock rearing in a (design and cost estimates for some are given in
sustainable way in the habitation. the next chapter).
The group will be divided into three sub groups: Community Works
(a) Dairy sub group comprising HHs who get HLMMC may call a group of all or selected
most of their income from tending cows or households that will discuss and identify

activities related to common property resources suggestions by different activity groups. These
(such as pasture lands, village woodlot, village should be discussed one by one in the Habitation/
well), those related to preventing natural hazard, Gram Sabha -- activity could be dropped or new
those related to recharging groundwater, and all activity added, by consensus.
those activities which are of interest to most of
the households in the habitation and the benefits Prior notice should be given for calling the
from the activities can impact the livelihoods of meeting of the all HH in Habitation/ revenue
the poor in the habitation. The group will discuss village. It should be explained in the notice that
the problems as well as the solutions to the the planning of MGNREGS on private as well
problems. as on common land would be prepared and
therefore participation of every HH should be
The group may identify several issues related tried.
to infrastructure –such as road, drinking water,
drainage facility, shamshan ghat (funeral The Gram Sabha (village assembly) in its meeting
ground), play ground, poor quality or absence will consolidate the habitation plans by taking
of buildings for Aanganwadi, community hall, one activity at a time and detail it out in the
panchayat building, and school. following manner:
a) Name of the activity

Output: identification of the site(s) for
b) Site of the activity – i) common land and ii)
common works
Private land (attach list of farmers and also a
map)
Step 9: Consolidation and finalization of the c) Units (quantum) of the activity - how much
activities and detailing them for Habitation/ area, numbers, etc.
village livelihoods plan
Consolidate the problem analysis from all While making an activity wise list, the habitation
sectors and finalize livelihood activities based on committee (HLMMC) and then Gram Panchayat
Table No.2: Consolidated Habitation/Village Level Livelihood Plan

Livelihood Activity Area (Hectare) Nos. Remarks
A.Private Land
Land Development
- Land Leveling List of farmers
- Drainage
- Farm Bunding
Water Harvesting
- Farm Ponds
- Village Pond
- Dug Wells
B. Common Land
Pasture Land Development
- Bunding
- Trenching
- Seeding
- Planting
Village Pond

Table No.3: Benificiary Wise List of Assets to be Constructed and Value of Such Assets
Name of the village XXXX Gram Panchayat YYY Block ZZZ
Total (Financial
Agriculture(financial equivalent) Livestock(financial equivalent) Any Other equivalent
of asset created)
Sr. Name of Job card Caste Nadep Vermicompost Liquid Bio Poultry Goat Azolla Fish Land
No. Benificiary No. Pit Pit manure Shelter Shelter Tank Drying Leveling
Yard
1
Table No.4: Grouping of Permissible Works on Common and Private Lands

Sr.No. Stakeholder Group Details Common Land Private Land
1 Agriculture Land Development Boulder check Dam Boulder check Dam
Gabion Structure Farm Bund
Gully plug (spring shed development) Gully plug (spring shed development)
Plantation and fodder production Deepening of field channel to
(spring shed development) protect from flood
Construction of farm pond in chaur
area in Bihar and eastern and
north eastern states
Irrigation water Contour trench Dug out pond
improvement
Contour bund Recharge Pit
Underground dyke
Earthen Dam
Stop Dam
Canal rehabilitation-minor and sub Canal rehabilitation-field channel
minor Strengthening strengthening
Soil Fertility NADEP composting pit
improvement
Vermicomposting pit
Liquid Bio manure pit
Belt vegetation in coastal area to
protect from sea erosion, tsunami etc.
Construction of storm water drain
system
Deepening and repair of main flood
channel
Large ruminant Construction of pucca
2 Livestock productivity NA floor, urine tank and fodder
improvement trough for cattle
Small ruminant
improvement NA Goat Shelter
Poultry development NA Poultry Shelter
Feed improvement NA Azolla pit
Fisheries Deepening and repair of main Fish drying yard
development flood channel
3 Common activities or facilities Sanitation Soak Pit
School toilet unit NA
Anganwadi toilet unit NA
Solid and liquid waste management NA

must also prepare a consolidated list of management.
beneficiary wise assets to be constructed. This is
to give transparency to the assets being created Leveraging from other Programmes/ Schemes
to improve the livelihoods of the poor, and wage of the Government:
earners in MGNREGA in particular. Table 3 gives Some of the livelihood activities as identified and
a format for preparing this list. finalized in steps 8 and 9 may not be possible
under MGNREGS (to maintain labour and
HLMMC could add more columns for activities material ratio, or due to nature of the activity).
such as contour trench and farm ponds that the In such cases, the scope of leveraging those
community members demand. activities from other programmes and schemes
of government should be explored and included
Preparation of implementation calendar in the plan accordingly.
considering the seasonality aspect of the
livelihoods of Poor: The livelihood activities Scope of convergence is illustrated by examples
so identified will have to be completed in time from Madhya Pradesh and Odisha (see boxes 8
because the weather plays an important role in and 9).
agriculture and animal husbandry. For example,
the water harvesting and land development National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) is
works must be completed before 15th June so a new programme of the government which
that the rainwater during monsoon season can lays complete focus on strengthening the
be harvested and used effectively. Similarly the
pasture land development activities should also
Box 8. Multipurpose Farm Pond at
be completed before monsoon. The NADEP
household level in convergence with
pits can be constructed immediately after rains
Fisheries and Agriculture departments
because the soil will be a bit moist and soft.
MGNREGS livelihood activities should be The intervention of the Odisha government
organized in the form of a calendar. leading to convergence of various schemes
at HH level has resulted in high returns to the
Grouping the permissible work of MGNREGS: farmers the multipurpose farm ponds were
An indicative list of permitted activities under
constructed under MGNREGS, in Kantapada
MGNREGS is given below, for ready reference.
Activities have been grouped under various block of Cuttack district. The horticulture
livelihood sectoral themes. department helped the farmer to plant banana
saplings around the pond with technical support
Step 10: Identify and finalise scope of from RKVY (Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana).
convergence in activities identified above in State fisheries department helped provided
Habitation/ Village advanced fingerlings to promote fisheries.
The Habitation Livelihoods Plan (HLP) should
The convergence of MGNREGS multipurpose
be integrated with the GP’s total plan for
pond along with other schemes helped the
MGNREGS –for activities on individually owned
lands, activities on common lands and activities farmer to increase his income from Rs 18,000
related to infrastructure like roads, buildings to Rs 60,000. Similar interventions in few other
etc. The livelihoods activities would be grouped blocks of Cuttack district have demonstrated
under a) Agriculture, b) Livestock Rearing– dairy, a successful model of convergence among
goat rearing, poultry, piggery, and fisheries, and government programmes.
c) common works focusing on nature resource

livelihoods of poor. Rural poor women are to for implementation of MGNREGA across the
be mobilized into their own vibrant institutions country. The asset building for livelihoods of
– Self Help Groups, Village Organisations and poor can be from MGNREGS and other critical
SHG Federations3. The social capital being components in livelihoods – institutions, finance,
developed by NRLM could be actively used value addition & marketing etc. can be from
Box 9. Nandan Falodyan Yojana for Job Card Holders in

Madhya Pradesh
To ensure long term benefits from MGNREGS, Government of Madhya Pradesh invested energies
in designing several livelihoods schemes. These aimed at optimal utilization of natural resources,
enhancing of farm productivity and improvement in quality life of the poor and marginalized section of
the community. Small scale horticulture was promoted through a scheme known as “Nandan Phalodyan.”
Detailed guidelines were formulated including:
- Eligibility criteria specifying a minimum facility of irrigation with the job card holder;
- Link to Kapil Dhara Yojana (scheme to promote wells);
- Provision of technical assistance by a facilitating team;
- Consideration of geographical context while designing agro-horticultural plantation;
- Technical plan for the set of activities like pit digging, pit filling, planting technique, species selection,
fertilizer and insecticide application and harvesting technology;
- Financial components for a unit of plantation, maintaining the ratio of material to labour at 70:30
percent, where labour component included activities such as pit digging, pit filling, fencing, and
weeding and harvesting and material components comprised of plants, fertilizer and insecticide;
- Provision for fencing to protect the plants from grazing animals (Live and barbed wire fencing options
are given);
The scheme also envisions building convergence with the other line departments for providing irrigation
facilities. A beneficiary can approach horticulture department and government aided nurseries for
plant procurement. As a monitoring mechanism, it is indicated that the team comprising of Panchayat
representatives (Sarpanch Sachiv etc) and technical experts from Krishi Vigyan Kendra will visit the
plots. The monitoring report consolidating the cumulative progress has to be submitted to the Chief
Executive Officer of Zila Panchayat.
All the proposals from the beneficiary expressing the interest to implement the scheme have to be
submitted at the gram sabha meeting. The Sarpanch will approve the list of beneficiaries and further
seek technical sanction from the CEO, Zila Panchayat.
3About seven crore rural poor families in over 6000 blocks across the country

NRLM. This will ensure collaboration between that veterinary doctors visit the village or
these two important programs for building habitation every so often and hold pashu
sustainable livelihoods of poor. mela (veterinary camp) and distribute free or
Often the technical assistance or advice is as subsidized veterinary medicines, as the case
much necessary as building an asset and the line may be in a particular state;
departments are capable of providing such as an 4. The stakeholder group may also demand
advice. The HLMMC and Gram Panchayat may funds for training local youth (women in
invite the functionaries of the line departments particular) in para veterinary care, as pashu
while planning the livelihoods activities. sakhis (barefoot veterinarians) so that door to
door services could be provided on a timely
A typical convergence plan may look like the basis.
following (illustrated with an example of dairy):
While assets and services by line departments
1. Sectoral stakeholder group recommends must become part of the convergence plan,
individual works for several of its members the funds for building capacity of local people
under MGNREGS(say, cattle shed and azolla to provide technical and managerial services
tank for all); could be given by MGNREGS under its capacity
2. The stakeholder group demands milk collection building component and become part of the HLP
centres from either district administration or to be submitted to the district administration.
department of animal husbandry or the state Alternately, department of animal husbandry,
cooperative dairy federation; the district administration or national rural
3. The stakeholder group also demands livelihoods mission could make adequate
Table 5: Convergence Plan (MGNREGA plus Other Schemes) for Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and
other livelihoods sectors (illustrative list)
List and value of individual List and value of works List of services to be Need for capacity Total outlay for
Sector Activity or public works in habitatiion or assets to be built by obtained from another building of local youth a sector in a
under MGNREGAS another line department line department under MGNREGAS habitation
Agriculture
Vermicompost pit, Farmer field Krishi Sakhi
- enhancing Field visit by
farm ponds, tank school (FFS) training
productivity of KVK scientists
rehabilitation under ATMA
cereal crops
Agriculture
- fruit and Pit digging for fruit Lift irrigation, Nursery Training for
plants, farm ponds Marketing nursery raising
vegetable of fruit plants
cultivation
Animal
Cattle shelter, Milk collection Veterinary Pashu Sakhi
Husbandry -
Azolla tank centre camp training
Dairy
Animal
Goat shelter, pasture Marketing Veterinary Pashu Sakhi
Husbandry -
land development yard camp training
Gaot Rearing
Animal Fingerlings,
Deepening
Husbandry - marketing
of ponds
Fisheries

provision for the same. work on private lands, farmers can be grouped.
Groups will work on fields of one farmer (among
Step 11: Identify other infrastructure the group) and then on the field of another farmer
development activities in habitation or village and so on (by rotation).
under MNREGS
There will be other infrastructure development The consolidation of the labor needs of all HH in
activities which may or may not be directly habitation will provide the total supply of labor
related to livelihoods but the community may in the habitation in a year.
express the need to have them in the habitation.
These can be made through MGNREGA. All The supply of labor (by above mentioned
such activities will also be collated by the process) and need of labor (by step 5) will have to
Habitation Sabha and added to the activities. be matched. If there is more than 10% variation
in demand and supply of labor, then the plan
Step 12: Get help of the experts in design and will have to be re-visited and priority among
estimation activities will need to be looked at again to match
Gram Panchayat and with its permission the demand with supply of labor.
HLMMC will take technical services of qualified
people from open market to get detailed design The labor and material ratio (60:40) should be
and estimates of the activity. The design and strictly as per the need and it is not necessary to
estimates will be duly signed by the technical cut the material cost just because labor supply
consultant. Government departments can also is low. However, if there is excess labor supply
bid for providing such services to PRIs. The (than the labor requirement calculated from
PRIs will pay for the technical services to the details of the activities), then in order to ensure
consultant from the MGNREGS funds provided wage employment to all, more labor intensive
to GP by Government. Please refer to the next activities should be taken first and on priority.
chapter that gives the detailed design as well as
material and cost estimate for permissible works Output: Village level realistic labour budget
focused on livelihoods. developed.
Output: Tentative estimate and design will be Step 14: Approval by Gram Sabha of the activity
available at GP level prepared. details finalized under Step 13
The Habitation Level Livelihoods MGNREGS
Plan (HLP) will have two broad components,
Step 13: Prepare labour budget, subject to namely, a) Works on privately owned lands
labour availability or water resource or homestead (say, in case of
In the Gram Sabha, villagers should be asked to landless),and b) Works on common lands, tanks
tell as how many days they would like to work and any common property resource or public
under MGNREGS. In case all HH interested to facility.
work as labor under MGNREGS do not participate
then a separate meeting with labor group (mainly Gram Sabha will pass a resolution approving
landless and marginal farmers) would be held to the details of all the activities to be undertaken
assess their labor days requirement of a year. on private and common property for three years
under MGNREGS.
It is also observed that many farmers would prefer
to work on their own lands. For undertaking any The complete HLP will be sent to Panchayat

Samiti or Janpad Panchayat or mandal as the case
may be, and then to the district administration Once district administration approves the HLP,
for approval. After approval, it becomes part of the decision will be communicated to the GP and
district’s shelf of projects. then GP can start implementation of the same.

Chapter 4
Implementation of the Habitation
Livelihoods Plan
This chapter tells you about the process of

implementation of the Habitation Livelihoods
Plan after approval of the MGNREGS plan.
The chapter also gives the technical design
and cost estimates for eleven livelihoods and
some natural hazard preventing works, from
among the list of new works permitted by
Government of India. These works strengthen
the positive synergy between MGNREGA and
agriculture and allied rural livelihoods. .
Instructions for new permissible works are

given on the next page.
Box 10. Instructions for Taking up New Permissible Works
under MGNREGA Operational Guidelines, 2013
1. All works shall be approved by the Gram Sabha (village assembly) and the
Gram Panchayat and shall be part of the Annual Shelf of Projects.
2. The unit costs included in the works below are indicative and project costs
for each work will be estimated depending on the Schedule of Rates (SoR’s)
prevalent in the respective region/area of work.
3. All activities mentioned in items (iv), (x), (xi) and items (xiii) to (xv) of
paragraph 1B of Schedule I of the Act, shall be allowed on land or homestead
owned by households belonging to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes or below poverty line families or the beneficiaries of land reforms or the
beneficiaries under the Indira Awas Yojana of the Government of India or that
of the small or marginal farmers as defined in the Agriculture Debt Waiver and
Debt Relief Scheme, 2008, or the beneficiaries under the Scheduled Tribes and
Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of
2007).
4. For works to be taken up on private land and homestead, the individual land
owner shall be a job card holder and also work in the project.
5. It should be ensured that the total material cost (including wages of skilled and
semi-skilled workers) of all works in the Annual Shelf of Projects (including the
works suggested under Para IC of Schedule I) taken up in a Gram Panchayat, in
a Financial Year, should not exceed 40 %
6. Only those components of admissible works that lead to creation of durable
assets may be taken up under MGNREGA. Items of expenditure that are
recurring in nature and/or do not lead to creation of durable assets, are not
permitted under MGNREGA.
7. Selection of households to be taken up for the activity under MGNREGA will
be made only from those households eligible under MGNREGA for work on
private land.
8. Priority among activities should be based on existing resources available with
the eligible members. For example, poultry or goat rearing should be prioritized
for landless families.
Implemetation
of the Habitation Livelihood Plan
Timely implementation of the approved activities the HLMMC to follow.
in livelihoods plan is extremely important for
building sustainable livelihoods of the poor The habitation livelihoods plan (HLP) will be
through MGNREGS. The Gram Panchayat is the implemented in four phases, namely, preparatory
‘implementing agency for MGNREGS.’ The GP phase, technical phase, work execution phase and
should implement the plan through HLMMC work completion phase (see the flow diagram in
(described under step 4 of chapter 3 earlier) to figure 2).
ensure active participation of beneficiaries and Details of the four phases for implementation of
community leaders at the habitation level. The habitation level plan are given below:
steps for implementation described below are for
Preparatory • Sharing the approved plan among the community members

phase for • Ensuring commitment of the beneficiaries whose assets are to be built
community
Technical • Selection of the sites

Phase • Finalization of the design and cost estimates for the activities
Work • Identification of mason and material procurement

Execution • Initiation of Works
Phase
Work
• Work completion
completion
• Value addition of the activity
Phase
Figure 2. Four Phases of Implementation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan
A. A. Preparation phase involvement of the community. For ensuring

Step 1: Sharing the approved plan with the stronger involvement of the wage earners in HLP
community: The MGNREGA approved HLP implementation, following stakeholder groups
should be shared with all the stakeholders in a should be actively involved (same stakeholder
Gram Sabha Meeting. It will make the community groups which were responsible for planning)
aware about details of the approved plan. It will
also enhance transparency and pave the way for a. Agriculture Stakeholder Group
Chapter 4 Implementation of the Habitation Livelihoods Plan 33

b. Livestock Rearing Stakeholder Group beneficiary will be actively involved in work
(including dairy, poultry, goat rearing, pig execution and completion. This is true for all
rearing, and fisheries) works on private land or homestead. Stakeholder
groups and HLMMC will monitor these. For
c. Common Property Stakeholder Group all community works, the HLMMC will take
(including land, water and forest) complete responsibility for timely execution.
Step 2: Ensuring the participation of beneficiaries D. Work completion and value addition
whose assets have to be built: A meeting of all the
beneficiaries who have demanded the activity Step 7: Work completion: GP should release the
should be called at habitation level. Each member work completion certificate and No Liability
willing to execute activity as per the calendar certificate.
should sign an undertaking that s/he is willing
to construct and also maintain the same as per Step 8: Value addition of the activity: Seek value
the given specifications. addition in an activity by drawing on convergence
with other line departments.
B.Technical phase
Benefits, planning, design, estimate and execution
Step 3: Site Selection: The beneficiary should and operations and maintenance and such other
decide the site for construction him/herself. S/ details of each of the permissible works are given
he will be guided by the suggestions made later below.
in the chapter for each permissible work. Site
Selection will be agreed upon by the ‘Stakeholder The works have been grouped as under:
groups’ for agriculture, animal husbandry, etc. Group I.
mentioned in step 1 above. The beneficiary should Works for improving agriculture productivity
give an undertaking to GP saying that s/he will
maintain the structure and also use it regularly. Group II.
Work Related to Livestock and Fisheries
Step 4: Finalizing the design and cost estimate:
Having selected the site, design and cost estimate Group III.
will be prepared. Stakeholder groups will discuss Works to Prevent Natural Hazards
the details of implementation such as organizing
material and labour, system for purchase and Group IV.
procurement, costing of structure, timeline to Works to Recharge Groundwater
execute the shelf of projects, etc. The cost norms
Disclaimer: Cost estimates have been given to indicate
and other procedures should largely be as per the
approximate budget but they are likely to vary from
approved plan.
place to place depending on the local rates of materials
C. Work execution phase such as cement, brick, grit, etc. although not much.
Step 5: Identification of mason(s) and material Group I. Works related to Improving

procurement: Necessary material for construction Agriculture Productivity
of the asset or execution of the activity should
be procured. Suitably qualified and experienced NADEP Pit
mason (s) should be identified and be entrusted Organic manure is widely used in agriculture.
the job of construction. Involvement of the It not only provides nutrients but also improves
beneficiary and his/her approval is necessary. the condition of the soil by increasing its water
retention capacity. NADEP is one of the most
Step 6: Work Initiation: Every individual popular methods of making compost among
34 Chapter 4 Implementation of the Habitation Livelihoods Plan

the farmers. It can increase the quantity of the having a lattice brick wall to ensure proper
compost available to a farmer without any aeration for composting.
significant additional cost. By adding crop waste,
leaves, etc. approximately one kilogram of animal Estimated cost: The unit cost of a NADEP pit is
dung can be converted into 40 kg of rich compost estimated to be around Rs. 8000. The unskilled
(which can then be applied directly to the field. labour to material ratio of this work is 25:75. See
One pit can yield one to one and a half tons of details on page 59.
compost in a cycle of four months and one can
run two to three cycles in a year. Instructions for the Beneficiaries:
1. Collect 4 to 5 bullock carts (1300 to-1500 kg)
NADEP COMPOST PIT of farm waste (dry and green) material, 100
CC 1:2:4
kg of cattle dung or biogas slurry, 150 to 180
kg of fine sieved soil and 1200 to 1400 liters of
water.
1.05
BW 1:4
2. Pit Filling: Layers of agricultural waste,
0.15 CC 1:3:6
GL dung and soil are successively heaped upon
0.20
VOIDS PORTIONS
each other in the pit. The given below figure
SECTION
provides illustrations:
0.20
0.20
3.60
0.20 Once successively heaped material begins to
decompose, and within 20 to 30 days of pit filling,
the material gets compressed. The pit has to be
1.50
filled again in the same way as earlier. It should
be allowed to decompose for three months and
water should be sprinkled at a regular interval
0.20
of 7 to 10 days.
PLAN
Site Selection: Important measures that should

be taken during site selection
1. The site should be located close to a source
of water as well as where the farm waste and
animal waste are easily available.
2. Site should not be a disputed or encroached
land and Habitation Sabha or Gram
Panchayat should agree to the site proposed
by the beneficiary.
3. The site should not be located in an area
which gets submerged during the rainy
season.
Design and estimate for NADEP Pit: The NADEP

pit is usually constructed with a dimension of
3.6m X 1.5m X 0.9m (length x width x height)

Precautionary Measures the basic raw materials required for the
• The pit should have a thatched roof over it to Vermicompost pit. Agricultural wastes like
prevent excessive evaporation. sugarcane trash, weeds, hedge cuttings,
• Before filling the pit, it should be plastered on saw dust, paddy husk, cattle dung, effluent
all the sides by diluted cattle dung slurry. It slurry from bio-gas plant, excreta of sheep,
would activate microbial population. horse and pigs, poultry droppings (in small
• Under no circumstances should any cracks be quantity) and vegetable wastes are ideal
allowed to develop. If they do, they should be sources of food for earthworms.
promptly filled up with slurry. b) Preparation of Vermicompost bed: Steps for
• The entire pit should be filled in one go, preparing vermicompost bed are given below.
within 24 hours and shouldn’t go beyond 48
hours, as this would affect the quality of the VERMI COMPOST PIT
compost.
Vermicomposting 0.76 m
Vermicompost enhances the water holding
capacity and the nutrient value of the soil. It is a
rich source of micronutrients. It can be intensively 3.6 m
applied to kitchen gardens and vegetable plots.

Vermicompost is the product obtained from
the process of composting various worms like
earthworm. Under ideal conditions, worms can 0.76 m
produce a mass of organic matter equivalent 3.6 m
to their own body weight in a day. One Vermi-
compost pit can yield 150 kg of compost, sufficient
to enhance the productivity of 0.25 hectare. 0.76 m
Site selection: Important measures for site

selection are similar to those adopted for NADEP
pit given above. PLAN
Design and estimate for Vermicompost pit:
Usually, a twin pit model is used to prepare the
Vermicompost pit, each pit having dimensions of Step 1: A bed (10cm depth) should be prepared
3.6m X 1.5m X 0.76m (length x width x depth). by using a base of raw materials like paddy husk,
There should be a wall between the two pits sugarcane husk and other agricultural wastes.
comprising of a lattice to allow the worms to It should be covered with a layer of soil. Water
move from one pit to another. should be sprinkled on it.
Estimated cost: The unit cost of a Vermicompost Step 2: Organic waste should be mixed well
pit is estimated to be Rs 9150. The ratio of with equal quantity of cow dung and water. The
unskilled labour to material is 25:75. slurry from bio-gas plant should also be used, if
available, as it is considered to be one of the best
Instructions for the Beneficiaries: ingredients used in Vermicompost. The materials
a) Sources of food for earthworms: Crop should be turned 2 to 3 times within the interval
residues, tree leaves and animal dung are of 4 to 5 days.

Step 3: Worms should be transferred to the pit animal waste are easily accessible. Proposed site
and covered with a layer of mixed organic waste. should not be on an encroached land and should
Preferably, 2000 worms should be used for not be prone to submergence during rains.
every 400 kilogram of feed material (The rate of
application of worms). Design and Estimate for the Pit: Usually, a single
pit model is used for liquid bio manure. The size
Step 4: The bed should be covered with gunny of the pit should have dimension of 1m X 1m X
bags and water should be sprinkled regularly. The 1m (length x width x depth).
worms will convert the feed mix to Vermicompost
in 60 days. Estimated Cost: The unit cost of one liquid bio
manure pit is estimated to be around Rs 3250.
Step 5: Vermicompost would be ready to harvest The ratio of unskilled labour to material is 30:70.
after 60 days. It has to be spread on a plastic See deatils on page 63.
sheet, and kept for drying for 2-3 hours. The
worms will move towards and gather at the Instructions for the Beneficiaries
bottom of the heap. Once the process is complete 1. Raw materials for the pit would include 50
the Vermicompost should be removed from the kgs of cow dung, 20 liters of cattle urine, 1 kg
top and worms should be collected carefully. of Sugarcane jaggery, 1 kg of chickpea flour,
and 1000 liters of water.
c) Precautionary measures: 2. Process of preparing the solution: All the raw
• Water logging in the bed leads to anaerobic materials should be mixed in the pit and left
condition and change in acid or base level for 5 to7 days. This period is needed for the
(pH) of the medium. This hampers normal solution to ferment. The solution should be
activities of worms leading to weight loss and mixed well, preferably thrice a day. The liquid
decline in worm biomass and population. manure would be ready to use after 7 days.
Measures should be taken to avoid water
logging (drainage channel or raising the
plinth level).
• Bed should be protected from predators
like red ants, white ants, centipedes and
others like toads, rats, cats, poultry birds and
even dogs.
• Fresh cow dung should not be used in the pit
as it generates heat affecting the growth of
micro-organisms.
Liquid Bio-Manure Pit

Liquid bio-manure is mostly prepared by cattle
urine, which often goes waste. It is also called
Sanjeevak or Amrit Pani. . The liquid bio manure
promotes growth and provides nutrients. It also
acts as a pest repellent. It can also be used as a
foliar spray.
Site Selection: The site should be located close

to the source of water where the farm waste and

Group II. Works Related to Animal Husbandry POULTRY SHED
and Fisheries
ROOF : STEEL TRUSS
WITH CORRUGATED SHEET
Poultry Shelter
Backyard poultry farming not only helps in
supplementing the income but also in providing BRICK MASONARY
1:4 CEMENT MOTAR
much needed nutritional inputs for rural DOOR
households. Poor shelter infrastructure leads
to improper growth and poor health of poultry GROUND LEVEL FFL
birds. High mortality amongst poultry birds
contributes to low incomes. To protect the birds
from predators and frequent illnesses, a concrete CROSS SECTION
structure is required which in turn provide a
comfortable environment. A poultry shelter also
ensures safety from harmful animals and theft.
Site Selection: Site should be located close to the

house to ensure regular monitoring. The selected
2.4 m
site should preferably be on the upland to avoid

water logging conditions. The size of the selected
area should be sufficient to accommodate the
existing stock. The area of the plot is important, LONG WALL 3.75 m
but the choice should be left to the beneficiary.
Instructions for the Beneficiaries: BRICK MASONARY
A shelter of 7.50 sq m. (length 3.75 m and width 2

1:4 CEMENT MOTAR
3.75 m
m) would be suitable for 100 birds. On the longer 2m
sides, the shelter will have a 30 cm high and 20
ENTRY
cm thick brick masonry wall upto plinth level.
From the plinth to the top of the shelter there is
PLAN
a wire mesh supported by brick masonry pillars
of size 30 cmx30 cm. The shorter side will have a
20 cm thick brick masonry wall with an average
height of 2.20 metres. The roof will be supported ruminants like goats and sheep for additional
by a steel truss. The roof will have galvanised source of income. It is a well-known fact that
iron corrugated sheets. The base of the floor for tribal families of Central India, goat rearing
will be constructed by hard moorum filling. The and poultry are often as important means of
floor will be built by using 2nd grade bricks with livelihood as agriculture. However, they lack the
packing in 1:6 ratio of cement mortar. resources to construct and provide an adequate
living space for their animals, leading to their
Estimated Cost: The total cost of such a poultry poor health and frequent illnesses. Poor shelter
shelter is around Rs. 40,000. The poultry shelter infrastructure also leads to low and inefficient
will have an unskilled labour: material cost ratio collection of dung and urine, which could be a
of 20:80. See details on page 65. source of valuable and locally available organic
input to farming. Thus, provision of better shelter
Goat Shelter facilities for these small ruminants offers a win-
Poor rural households depend on small win situation by which animal health and soil

health can be improved simultaneously, with • A wet, slippery floor may cause serious
very low initial investment. injuries to the animal such as fracture,
tearing, over stretching of ligaments and even
Site Selection: Important measures for site abortion. So the floor should be nonporous
selection are the same as mentioned under the and non-slippery.
site selection of poultry shelter. • Application of lime would prevent infestation
of pathogens.
Design and Estimate of Goat Shelter: A 7.5 sq m.
shelter (length 3.75 m and width 2 m) would be Cattle Shed
suitable for 10 goats. The 4 walls will be raised to Usually, cattle are kept in sheds with kutcha floor.
an average height of 2.20 metres. The walls will The place where cattle rest often gets messy with
be of brick masonry using 1:4 cement mortars. cow dung, cattle urine and water. In particular,
The roof will be supported by a steel truss. The during rainy seasons the kutcha floor becomes
roof will have galvanised iron corrugated sheets. unhealthy for the animals and causes several
The floor will be of hard moorum. infectious diseases. Also, cattle urine and cow
dung are important resources that could enhance
Estimated Cost: The cost of such a goat shelter soil fertility. A floor with cement and stones would
will be around Rs. 36,000. The goat shelter will enable better collection of dung and cattle urine
have an unskilled labour to material ratio of as well as protect cattle from infections. A tank
25:75. See details on page 67. constructed for urine collection could be used to
make liquid manure to enhance soil fertility. A
Instructions for the Beneficiaries: fodder trough would facilitate proper feeding of
• An uneven hard floor is uncomfortable and cattle and minimize waste of fodder. The existing
unhealthy for animals. The floor should be animal shed (if any) can be renovated as cattle
constructed in a manner such that it has an shed.
inclined slope.
STEEL TRUSS ROOF

WITH CORRUGATED
SHEET
BRICK MASONARY 7.43 sq m

1:4 CEMENT MOTAR

Site Selection: If a new site is proposed then it Instructions for the Beneficiaries:
should be close to the house to ensure regular • An uneven hard floor is uncomfortable and
monitoring. The place should be located slightly unhealthy for animals. The floor should be
on upland or higher elevation so that it does not constructed in a manner such that it has an
get flooded during rainy season. inclined slope.
• A wet, slippery floor may cause serious
Drawing and budget estimate: The area of the injuries to the animal such as fracture,
cattle shed floor for 6 heads of cattle is 26.95 Sq.m. tearing, over stretching of ligaments and even
(7.7mx3.5m). For constructing the cattle shed abortion. So the floor should be nonporous
floor in cement concrete, a 1 cum fodder trough and non-slippery.
(7.7mx 0.4m x0.65m) and a cattle urine collection • Application of lime would prevent infestation
tank of 250 litres has to be constructed. of pathogens.
Estimated cost: Unit cost of construction of AZOLLA as Cattle-Feed Supplement

concrete floor, urine tank and fodder trough for Azolla is a floating fern which resembles to algae,
cattle shed will be around Rs 35,000 for which the can serve as livestock feed. It acts as a potential
unskilled labour to material ratio is approximately source of protein and amino acid. Livestock can
30:70. See datils on page 69. easily digest it, owing to its high protein and
low lignin content. It also enhances quality and
quantity (up to 15-20%) of milk and meat. It is
also used as compost. A bed having dimensions
of 5 ft. x 8 ft. can yield 1 to 1.25 Kg of Azolla. Yield
of one bed would be sufficient for one animal.
Site Selection: The proposed site should be close

to the source of water and livestock shed.
Design and estimate for Azolla Tank: The

outer side wall should have a dimension of
2.75mX1.75mX0.75m while the inner side wall
should have a dimension of be 2.5mX1.5mX0.6m.
BRICK
MASONARY
1:4 CEMENT
MOTAR
GROUND
LEVEL
PLAN

• At an interval of 10 days, one fourth of the
water should be removed from the bed and
BW 1:4
replaced with fresh water.
GL
0.15 • Likewise, at an interval of two months,
2.40
AZOLLA TANKCC 1:3:6 one fifth of the soil should be removed and
replaced with fresh one.
SECTION
Precautionary measures
0.20
• Azolla should not be cultivated under direct
sunlight or incomplete shade.
• Proper water level should always be
maintained at least half an inch above the
sand.
• In case the crop of Azolla is infested with
2.00 pests it should be completely removed and
replaced with fresh azolla. Plant should not
be allowed to enter the stage of maturity
stage or spore formation.
• To get rid of the smell of cow dung, azolla
should be properly washed before feeding
0.20 it to any livestock. To avoid overcrowding,
biomass of azolla should be removed
0.20
0.20
2.00
regularly.
PLAN
Fisheries in seasonal water bodies on public
land
Fisheries as a livelihood activity for the poor
Estimated cost: The unit cost of one azolla pit is have immense scope. Many small reservoirs,
estimated to be Rs 2,200. The unskilled labour to tanks, water harvesting ponds created under
material ratio is approximately 30:70. See dtails MGNREGA are ideal for fish production. In the
on page 71. floodplains of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West
Bengal, there are a large number of small water
Instructions for the beneficiaries: The steps to be bodies having enormous potential for fisheries
followed for construction of the Azolla tank are development. These water bodies are mainly fed
given below: by surface run-off from local catchments. Varying
• About 10 to 15 kilogram of sieved fertile soil water spread area, pronounced seasonality
should be uniformly spread over the bottom of filling, high dependency on rainfall and
surface of the pit. competitive claims on stored water for irrigation
• 5 kilogram of cow dung, 40 grams of azophos are some of the characteristics of these water
and 20 grams of azofert should be mixed bodies.
well in 10 liters of water. The slurry prepared
should be poured into the pit. More water There is a large gap in the potential and actual
should be added to the pit to make up the yields in these rain fed water bodies. Fish
volume. production could be enhanced by 3 to 5 times.
• One to two kg of fresh, disease free azolla Adopting culture based fisheries with advanced
seed culture should be inoculated into the pit. fingerlings (100 mm and above) at stocking

Drawing and estimate: The activities involved
in the process of preparing the tank should
comprise of digging and landscaping of the bed
of the water body so that it becomes suitable for
16.60X20X1.50
=500 CUM fish rearing by ensuring year round dead storage.
FOR FISH
NURSERY POND
Further it provides protection from spill-ways
FISHERIES IN SEASONAL WATER BODIES ON PUBLIC LAND ensuring assured water in the small nursery
ponds. It is required to construct a 500 cubic
D/S
meter nursery pond with a fish drying platform
NALA
EXIS
TING BUND
ING
of 30 sq.m length. An excavation of 15000 cubic
SPIL
LWA
Y
0.60 meter has to be done in the existing tank bed.
U/S
Estimated cost: The unit cost is estimated to

100X100X1.50
=15000 CUM be around Rs 11 lakh, and unskilled labour to
SIZE EXCAVATION
IN EXISTING TANK material ratio is 98:2. See details on page 73.
BED
U/S SIDE OF TANK BED Instruction for the Beneficiary:

a) The water from the tank should not be used
for irrigation. It should be allowed to remain
till the month of January.
b) It would be a group activity, and the group
should comprise of people who are directly
rates of 500 to 1000 fingerlings per hectare can engaged in fish rearing.
substantially increase the productivity in the c) At least a few people in the group should
water spread area in small reservoirs. have prior experience of fish rearing.
d) Asset should only be created after providing
Promoting fisheries in a public pond provides a adequate training on fish culture techniques
good livelihood opportunity for most vulnerable to the group members. Proper care should be
communities in the village. There are five crucial taken while designing the ponds.
factors that are imperative in fisheries based e) The bottom of the bed should be cleared so that
livelihoods. it is free from shrubs, tree stumps. Removal of
1. Working capital is required for the purchase these obstructions would facilitate operation
of fish seed, feed and small fishing gears. of drag net to harvest fish. A provision should
2. Technology has to be put in place for fish be made in the design for installation of iron
seed rearing, harvesting, preservation and mesh at waste weir or installation of hooks so
marketing. that a net can be placed to prevent the escape
3. Infrastructure has to be set up for nursery of fish seed during overflow.
raising and rearing of fish seed.
4. Institutional approach /group based Fish Drying Yards
approach is necessary to manage the value Fish drying yards in coastal areas are concrete
chain in fisheries. This can be promoted by surfaces constructed in connection with fish
creating a cadre of village resource persons or landing centres and fishery harbours for hygienic
master farmers who could establish linkages drying of fish in a traditional way. They also
with banks, State Fisheries Department and provide protection from birds and animals.
National Fisheries Development Board to Theft of produce, a regular phenomenon, can be
seek valuable support for other farmers. prevented by these yards.

Group III. Works to Prevent Natural Hazards
BeltVegetation
Vegetation cover such as mangrove, casuarina
and palm plantation has the potential to address
sea erosion. These types of vegetation reduce
the velocity of wind, impact of storms, cyclone
and tsunami. Further it provides habitats for
diverse marine, estuarine and terrestrial wildlife
including migratory birds. The concept of belt
vegetation also plays a vital role in ameliorating
the local climate.
Processes involved in Plantation:

Selection of plant species: The plant species having
Site selection: small crown and light branching habit should
• Proposed site should be such that the owner be selected. The species should also have good
can keep a regular watch. economic value and easy to propagate. The
• The site should be slightly located on the selected species should have the capacity to resist
upland to prevent waterlogging. the high wind velocity.
• The site should be in an area where there is
maximum sunlight. Procurement of the selected species: Procurement of
saplings from a reputed nursery should be done
Design and estimate: For this purpose, a yard two to three months before the onset of the rainy
should be constructed on the seashore having a season. Number of plants can be calculated as per
dimension of 10m x 10m size with 15 cm thick the formula given below:
plain cement concrete and brick protection work
of 20cm thickness. This yard needs to be covered
by a net for protecting the fish. No.of Plants Required = Area of Plantation (in Sq
meters)/ Spacing (meter
x meter)
Estimated Cost: The unit cost of fish drying yard
is around Rs 47,000. The unskilled labour to
material ratio is approximately 25:75. See details Lay out of the belt plantation: The direction of
on page 75. plantation should always be perpendicular to the

wind direction. It is to be kept in mind that the to control it by retention, diversion, repulsion
row to row distance should not be more than two or altered transmission. However, due to poor
meters while the plant to plant distance should drainage system and siltation in natural drainage
be maintained at one meter. The lay out design system there is no proper integration among
should be such that the shrubs are planted at the draining lines. Construction of storm water
coastal side followed by the medium and the taller drainage helps to protect the health, welfare
ones. Months of April and May are most suitable and safety of the public from flood hazards. It
for pit digging. It is always recommended during helps in routing and discharging of the storm
layout that the points of pit should be marked water. Further it also provides an opportunity
using lime or wooden tag. to conserve the water and make it available to
community for their domestic use.
Pit digging and filling: The size of the pit would
depend on the species selected for the plantation.
The pit should be dug and exposed to the sun so
that harmful eggs and larvae are destroyed. It
is recommended to apply 3 to 5 kg of farm yard 1:2:4 COPING
manure, 200-400 gram of urea and 200-300 gram
0.60 0.60 0.60
of Single Super Phosphate (SSP), and 150-200 The width of the
0.10
gram of MOP (Muriate of Potash) depending on Size of the rubble
the size of the pit. 0.60 Depth of the cha
0.50
Process of Planting: Before the onset of rain, plant CONSTRUCTION OF STORM WATER
saplings should be procured and transported
0.20
DRAINS FOR COASTAL PROTECTION
UCR IN 1:6
carefully from the nursery. It is advised to
allow the plant to settle for 10 to15 days before 0.10
plantation, in cases where it is transported from CC 1:3:6
1.80
a long distance. The polythene bag should be
cut open and the sapling along with the sod of All dimensions are in metres
SECTION
earth should be planted. Planting should never
be done in noon or afternoon. It is important to
water the plants soon after the plantation is done.
Important measures to be taken after plantation:
It is important to irrigate the plants at an interval
of 7 days in summer and 15 days in winter.
Regular monitoring should be ensured to check Design and Estimate: Constructing a channel
the infestation of diseases and also prune the parallel to the road and connecting few lateral
dead and unwanted branches. channels to this main channel at 100m interval
at required slope can make a big contribution
Estimated cost: The cost per unit plant is to coastal protection. The channels should be
estimated to be Rs.20. The unskilled labour to constructed by random rubble masonry. The
material ratio is 80:20. width of the channel should be 0.60 m. Size of
rubble work is 0.60Mx0.60M. The depth of the
Construction of Storm Water Drains for Coastal channel is 0.60M.
Protection
Strom water runoff is considered to be a threat in Estimated cost: The unit cost of such 100m
coastal areas. Every property owner would like long storm water drain is estimated to be Rs.

250,000 (Almost two and a half lakh rupees). The Drawing and budget estimate: Dimension of pit
unskilled labour to material ratio is 29:71. See should be 2m X 2m X 2m. It should be filled with
details on page 77. stones and bricks up to 1m from the base. After it
is filled with stone and bricks, pebbles should be
Group IV. Works to Recharge Groundwater filled up to 0.5 m. The last layer should be filled
with sand till 0.25m. Remaining 0.25 m should be
Soak Pit left open to collect water. As a result the water
Soak pit is an underground structure that allows gets percolated down to the surface.
water to soak into the ground. This helps in
improving sustainability of the source of water. Estimated Cost: The unit cost of soak pit is
Further it also helps in reducing the propagation estimated to be Rs 2,200. The unskilled labour to
of harmful insects which develop more in water material ratio is approximately 40:60. See details
stagnated areas on page 79.
Site selection: Site should be selected close to RECHARGE PIT:

well, hand pump, or bore well where most of A recharge pit allows rainwater to replenish
the water could be collected and drained into the groundwater. It can be built to recharge a bore
channel. well or dug well, just to help the water infiltration
in an area. This helps in improving sustainability
of the source of water.
GL
0.25M TH SAND
0.50M TH PEBBLES SAND

2.00M PEBBLES
STONES & BRICKBATS
0.25M
1.00M TH STONE & 0.25M
BRICK BATS 0.50M
1.00M
2.00M
SECTION 2.00M
PIPE TO BOREWELL
SOAK PIT RECHARGE PIT

1.00M
2.00M
2.00M
SPECIFICATIONS
SAND: The sand should be free from clay particles
PEBBLES: Before filling in the pit pebbles should be cleaned
properly and the over aged pebbles should not be used.
STONE AND BRICKBATS: The hard stone, properly cleaned
shoule be used and the brickbats should be of properly burnt
2.00M bricks.
NOTE: It should be ensured that the filling material is cleaned

PLAN properly and hygenic.

Site Selection: should be filled up to 0.5 m. The last layer should
• The site should be close to well or bore well so be filled with sand till 0.25m. Remaining 0.25 m
that water can move towards well or bore well should be left open to collect water. As a result
without traveling a long distance. the water percolates down to the surface and
• The site of pit should be at a low elevation point move into tube well casing or open dug well
where rain water can accumulate. through pipe.
Drawing and budget estimate: Dimension of pit Estimated Cost: The unit cost of recharge pit is
should be 2m X 2m X 2m. It should be filled with estimated to be around Rs 5,000. The unskilled
stones and bricks up to one meter from the base. labour to material ratio is approximately 15: 85.
After it is filled with stone and bricks, pebbles See details on page 81.

Chapter 5
Capacity Building of PRIs and
Community Members
This chapter suggests ideas and programmes

for building the capacity of elected
representatives of Panchayati Raj Institutions,
members of Gram Sabha and local level
officials in the area of livelihoods planning
and implementation. Solutions to the issues
of poverty and livelihoods of the small and
marginal farmers and the landless should be
the primary focus in such training programmes
and exposure visits.
Capacity Building
of PRIs and Community Members
Panchayati Raj system is aimed at ensuring 3. A cadre of local Livelihoods Resource Persons
a system of democratic governance. The (LRP) who can support GP in livelihoods
representatives of this system have the potential planning and its implementation.
of handling the various issues pertaining to
the local governance. This potential hasn’t yet These are elaborated further.
been fully realized. Sometimes they aren’t quite A Five day Livelihoods Orientation Programme
representative in relation to the poverty, women’s for Gram Panchayat members and local level
status and general exploitation in the area and at officials
other times their capacity hasn’t been built.
The manual envisages that GP representatives,
Despite the best efforts of the government, and local level officials will play a critical role in
there are regions such as Bundelkhand where its implementation. So far the PRIs have mostly
the caste system continues its strangle hold and played a role of social mobilisers. The livelihood
the effectiveness of the developmental schemes promotion through MGNREGS in this manual is
aided by government has been diluted conceptualized in a different manner where PRIs
Therefore, the capacity building of the PRI are the owners and managers of the programme.
representatives and local level officials is Thus the PRI representatives and local level
extremely important. Following capacity building officials will need an orientation to the subject of
initiatives are suggested: livelihoods of the poor, understanding of critical
1. A five day orientation programme for Gram gaps and strategies to bridge these gaps. They
Panchayat members and local level officials on will need to learn livelihoods planning and they
livelihoods; need to develop a broader vision on the use of
MGNREGS for building sustainable livelihoods
2. Exposure visits for PRI representatives and of the poor in their villages. A detailed training
local level officials to good practice projects on module can be developed for which some of the
livelihoods promotion in a cluster benefitting major topics could be:
500 to 2000 rural poor families, within the state
or out of state (at least 4 PRI representatives, 2 Exposure visits for PRI representatives and
men and 2 women, must come from each GP, local level officials to successful livelihoods
including SHG leaders where they exist); and initiatives in the state or out of the state; (at
least four PRI representatives)
Understanding the social and economic poverty in the village

Day One and identification of poorest among the poor;Understanding
newly permitted activities under MGNREGS
Conceptual understanding of livelihoods and sustainable

Day Two livelihoods in particular; Mapping of resources and existing
livelihoods of the people
Chapter 5 Capacity Building of PRIs and Community Members 49

Livelihoods Planning Process- Identifying critical gaps and
Day Three
preparing strategy for strengthening livelihoods of the poor
Practical- exercise on planning process- Meetings with

Day Four stakeholders and mapping existing livelihoods, and identifying
critical areas of intervention through MGNREGS
Day Five Understanding process of budgeting, execution, monitoring etc.
In order to build a vision of livelihood This doesn’t happen adequately. At most the
enhancement of poor through MGNREGS technical inputs are provided by ‘engineers’.
among PRI representatives and the community While that is necessary, a cadre of local livelihood
members (such as SHG leaders) exposure visits resource persons should be developed to facilitate
to a successful livelihood initiative in similar geo- the use of MGNREGS for building sustainable
climate regions would be very useful. livelihoods of the poor.
The State government should identify some PRI representatives and local community leaders
successful initiatives of government or non who have the experience of village level planning
government organisations for the exposure or who are progressive farmers having an
visit of the PRI representatives. The team attitude to help othersetc. should be selected as
comprising at least two female and two male livelihood resource persons.
PRI representatives should go and see the
successful livelihood initiatives and interact The LRPs so identified should be developed as
with communities. Such initiatives may be experts or resource persons through a 30 day
around watershed development, horticulture special training on livelihoods planning and
development, or any community led initiatives. execution. The local LRPs will be more acceptable
because of their language and, experience in the
Developing a cadre of local Livelihoods local context. The GPs will use the services of
Resource Persons who can support GP in local LRPs while preparing habitation or / village
livelihoods planning and its implementation livelihoods plan and while executing the plan on
The village or habitatation level livelihoods the ground. The LRPs will be paid an appropriate
planning will need facilitation by an expert. fee for their services.
Usually in a village there are groups owing
allegiance to one or the other leader. An external Block resource centres1, as suggested in
expert can facilitate the process of involving all MGNREGA Operational Guidelines, 2013
groups and factions in a habitation or village would be a perfect instrument to implement
while also providing technical and managerial the above measures to build capacity of the PRI
inputs. representatives and frontline functionaries.
1Para 4.3.2 in the draft MGNREGA Operational Guidelines, Ministry of Rural Development, pp. 30-31.
50 Chapter 5 Capacity Building of PRIs and Community Members

There should be a helpline where people can members. The training material will comprise
seek clarifications on the issues that they face in of visual aids such as movies, street plays and
planning and implementation of livelihoods of pamphlets. Wall painting at the common places
the poor through MGNREGS. in the village like the temple wall or a grocery
shops will help generate awareness. Pamphlets
Raising awareness among the community giving information about various government
members including women in SHGs about schemes and acts should be distributed to the
their entitlements and local governance. community members including SHG members.
Community members, in particular, are A small committee (comprising of village youth,
often ignorant of provisions in government MGNREGA mates and SHG women) could act as
schemes.. The capacity building programme the information hub at the village level.
need to be tuned to the needs of the community
Chapter 5 Capacity Building of PRIs and Community Members 51

Chapter 6
Monitoring Progress on
Livelihoods Assets
Community monitoring becomes even more

important when individual livelihoods are to
be impacted with creation of assets for wage
earners. New indicators would need to be
included in MGNREGS monitoring system to
monitor the outputs the assets being created
under the scheme. Indicators are also
needed to show impact on incomes of wage
earning households.
Community Monitoring
on Livelihoods Assets
Community has a critical role in monitoring should be published at a prominent place in
the progress of MGNREGS. Participation of Gram Panchayat to ensure transparency.
community members in a habitation in assessing
the quality of works undertaken and the impact Individual Monitoring
on incomes can be more effective. HLMMC Each HH mentioned above would be given
- Habitation level MGNREGA Management Individual Asset Card (shown below) which
Committee - can organize this effort (referred to will have the details (site, quantum of work,
in the planning chapter). investments, and time schedule). The card will be
updated as and when the work is started (with
The Habitation Sabha could review the progress date of start) and completed (date of completion)
of the approved HLP (habitation livelihoods of the work.
plan) on a six monthly basis. When it does this, it
could look at the following in particular: Macro Level Monitoring of Livelihoods Impact
At the macro level (state) the following indicators
1. Whether the livelihood activities planned should be added to show progress on livelihoods:
under MGNREGS have been executed • Number of works on private lands,
on time? segregated by type
2.
Whether the activities executed under • Financial value of the assets created on
MGNREGS are of good quality and whether private lands, segregated by type
they are giving desired results? • Increase in fodder or milk production
• Area brought under cultivation
3. Whether job card holders have got the assets • Increase in irrigated area
built and not only did the work start but it • Increase in farm yields
indeed got completed? The state shall try and present a consolidated
picture for every GP for the assets created under
HLMMC could assist Gram Panchayat the 30 New Works. In order to achieve that
functionaries in preparing the table number 6 objective, (a) tallying of assets (number and
(a template given below). It lists the assets built investment) would need to be done, and (b) every
for job card holders or wage earners. This table new work will need to be assigned a code.
Chapter 6 Monitoring Progress on Livelihoods Assets 55

Individual Asset Card
Benificiary’s Name Job card No. Caste
Name of the village XXXX GP YYY Block ZZZ
Sr. Sector Name and Site of Start Date Completion Wage Material Financial
No. the Asset Date Equivalent(Rs)
1 Agriculture Nadep Pit
3 Vermicompost
5 Liquid Bio manure
7 Livestock Poultry Shelter
8 Goat Shelter
9 Azolla
10
56 Chapter 6 Monitoring Progress on Livelihoods Assets

Drawings
NADEPCOMPOST
NADEP COMPOST PITPIT
CC 1:2:4
1.05
BW 1:4
GL
0.15 CC 1:3:6
VOIDS PORTIONS
0.20
SECTION
SECTION
0.20
0.20
3.60
0.20
1.50
0.20
PLAN
PLAN
All dimensions are in metres
Enlarged view of image appearing on page number 35
58 Drawings
COST ESTIMATE FOR NADEP COMPOST PIT
S no TR No Particulars No L W H/D Unit Qty Rate Amount

1 301 (b) Excavation for foundation in Hard soil
Long wall 2 4.40 0.30 0.30 Cum 0.79
Short wall 2 1.50 0.30 0.30 Cum 0.27
Total 1.06 67.80 72.00
2 407 Boulder laying in foundation
Long wall 2 4.40 0.30 0.10 Cum 0.26
Short wall 2 1.50 0.30 0.10 Cum 0.09
Total 0.35 358.50 126.91
Brick Masonry in 1:4 morter mortar up to
3 605 (h)
ground level
Long wall 2 4.00 0.20 0.20 Cum 0.32
Short wall 2 1.50 0.20 0.20 Cum 0.12
Brick Masonry in 1:4 morter mortar above
ground level
Long wall 2 4.00 0.20 1.00 Cum 1.60
Short wall 2 1.50 0.20 1.00 Cum 0.60
Total Brick Masonry 2.64
Deduction for Aeration 10% of Masonry work 0.26
Net Masonry work 2.90 2509.20 7286.72
4 1007 (b) Plastering at top in 1:4 cement morter
Long wall 2 4.00 0.20 Sqm 1.60
Short wall 2 1.50 0.20 Sqm 0.60
Total Plastring Plastering 2.20 89.80 197.56
Cost of Nadep compost Pit 7683
Labour 1849 24%
Material 5834 76%
Rates are taken from SoR RES MGNREGA Dewas district MP Applied from July 2011
Drawings 59
VERMI
VERMICOMPOST
COMPOST PIT PIT
0.76 m
3.6 m
SECTION
0.76 m
3.6 m
0.76 m
PLAN
PLAN
60 Drawings
COST ESTIMATE FOR VERMI COMPOST PIT

Long wall 3 4.40 0.30 0.30 Cum 1.19
Short wall 2 1.50 0.30 0.30 Cum 0.27
Total 1.46 67.80 98.85
Long wall 3 4.40 0.30 0.10 Cum 0.40
Short wall 2 1.50 0.30 0.10 Cum 0.09
Total 0.49 358.50 174.23
3 605 (h) Brick Masonry in 1:4 morter up to ground level
Long wall 2 4.00 0.20 0.20 Cum 0.32
Short wall 2 1.50 0.20 0.20 Cum 0.12
Brick Masonry in 1:4 morter above ground level
Long wall 3 4.00 0.20 0.76 Cum 1.82
Short wall 2 1.50 0.20 0.76 Cum 0.46
Total Brick Masonry 2.88 2509.20 7226.50
4 1007 (b) Plastering at top in 1:4 cement mortar
Long wall 2 4.00 0.96 Sqm 7.68
Short wall 2 1.50 0.96 Sqm 2.88
Total Plastering 10.56 89.80 948.29
5 413 (a) PCC 1:2:4 for Flooring 2 3.60 0.76 0.05 Cum 0.27 2507.50 686.05
Cost of Vermi compost 9134
Labour 2363 26%
Material 6771 74%
Rates are taken from SoR RES MGNREGA Dewas district MP Applied from July 2011
Drawings 61
LIQUID BIO-MANURE PIT
SECTION
PLAN
62 Drawings
LIQUID BIO-MANURES: SANJEEVAK OR AMRIT PAANI
Sno. TR no Particulars Nos. L B H/D Unit Qty Rate Amount

1 301(b) Excavation for foundation in Hard soil
Long wall 2 1.23 0.45 0.15 cum 0.17
Short wall 2 1.23 0.45 0.15 cum 0.17
Flooring 1 0.78 0.78 0.10 cum 0.06
Total 0.39 68 26.72
2 413(b) 1:3:6 PCC work for foundation

Long wall 2 1.23 0.30 0.15 cum 0.11
Short wall 2 1.23 0.30 0.15 cum 0.11
Flooring 1 0.93 0.93 0.10 cum 0.09
Total 0.22 1927.5 426.75
3 605J Brick work (1:6)

Long wall 2 1.23 0.23 1.00 cum 0.57
Short wall 2 1.23 0.23 1.00 cum 0.57
Total 1.13 1484.7 1680.09
4 425(a) 1:2:4 Coping

Long wall 2 1.23 0.23 0.10 cum 0.06
Short wall 2 1.23 0.23 0.10 cum 0.06
Total 0.11 3951.00 447.10
5 1005(d) 1:6, 12mm thickness plastering

Long wall (External) 2 1.46 1.00 sq.m 2.92
Long wall (Internal) 2 1.00 1.00 sq.m 2.00
Short wall (External) 2 1.46 1.00 sq.m 2.92
Short wall (Internal) 2 1.00 1.00 sq.m 2.00
Total 9.84 58.2 572.69
3153.34
Contigency @ 3% of total cost 94.60
Total cost of Amrit Pani structure 3248
Labour 990 30%
Materials 2258 70%
Rates are taken from SoR, RES, M.P. July 2011
Drawings 63
POULTRY SHED
64 Drawings
COST ESTIMATE FOR POULTRY SHED FOR 100 BIRDS
1 Excavation for foundation in Hard soil
Long wall 2 4.25 1.00 0.50 4.25
Short wall 2 2.00 1.00 0.50 2.00
Floor 1 3.75 2.00 0.30 2.25
2502(b) Total Excavation in hard soil Cum 8.50 67.80 576
2 Excavation for foundation in hard murrum
Long wall -1 2 4.25 1.00 0.50 Cum 4.25
Short wall 2 2.00 1.00 0.50 Cum 2.00
2502(c) Total Excavation in hard murum 6.25 100.00 625
3 402 Boulder filling for foundation
Long wall 2 4.25 1.00 0.60 5.10
Short wall 2 2.00 1.00 0.60 2.40
404 Total boulder filling for foundation 7.50 277.60 2082
4 PCC for foundation in 1:3:6
Long wall 2 4.25 0.30 0.10 Cum 0.26
Short wall 2 2.00 0.30 0.10 Cum 0.12
413(b) Total PCC for foundation in 1:3:6 0.38 1943.20 729
5 Brick Massonary in 1:4 upto DPC level
Long wall 2 3.95 0.20 0.30 Cum 0.47
Short wall 2 2.00 0.20 0.30 Cum 0.24
605(h) Total 0.71 2509.20 1792
6 DCC for wall in 1:3:6
Long wall 2 3.95 0.20 0.05 Cum 0.08
Short wall 2 2.00 0.20 0.05 0.04
413(b) Total DCC for wall in 1:3:6 0.12 1943.20 231
8 Brick Masonry in 1:4 morter for superstructure
Short wall 2 2.00 0.20 2.20 Cum 1.8
pillar for long wall 8 0.30 0.30 2.20 Cum 1.6
Deduction for door 1 2.00 1.00 0.20 Cum 0.4
606 Total 2.9 2620.70 7715
9 1268 flooring with 2nd grade bricks with packing in 1:6CM
floor 1 3.75 2.00 Sqm 7.50
413(a) Total Sqm 7.50 210.20 1577
10 Plastering in 10mm thick in 1:4 CM Superstructure
Long wall 32 0.30 2.20 21.12
Short wall 2 2.00 2.20 8.80
Deduction for door 1 2.00 1.00 -2.00
1005(b) Total Plastering 10mm thick in 1:4 CM 27.92 66.30 1851
11 Ventilator 1M X2M No 8.00 1000.00 8000
12 Door 2MX1M 2000
Provision for roofing GI roofing sheet 0.63mm thick
13 1101 1 4.00 2.70 sqm 10.80 411.60 4445
with complete fitting and fabrication
14 Angle for roof support (65mmX65mmX6mm) kg 93.96
50mmX50mmX5mm kg 22.80
116.76 52.60 6142
Total cost 37765
Labour 7006 19%
Material 30759 81%
Rates are taken from SoR, RES, MGNREGA Dewas District MP Applied from July 2011
Drawings 65
GOAT SHELTER
STEEL TRUSS ROOF

WITH CORRUGATED
SHEET
7.43 sq m BRICK MASONARY

1:4 CEMENT MOTAR
PLAN
STEEL TRUSS ROOF

WITH CORRUGATED
SHEET
BRICK MASONARY
1:4 CEMENT MOTAR
66 Drawings
COST ESTIMATE FOR GOAT SHED FOR 6 ADULTS AND 4 KIDS
S No. TR No. Particulars No L W H/D Unit Qty Rate Amount
Long wall 2 4.25 1.00 0.50 4.25
Short wall 2 2.00 1.00 0.50 2.00
Floor 1 3.75 2.00 0.30 2.25
Total Cum 8.50 67.80 576
2 301 (C) Excavation for foundation in hard murrum
Long wall -1 2 4.25 1.00 0.50 Cum 4.25
Short wall 2 2.00 1.00 0.50 Cum 2.00
Total 6.25 100.00 625
3 402 Murrum filling for foundation
Long wall 2 4.25 1.00 0.20 1.70
Short wall 2 2.00 1.00 0.20
Floor 1 5.00 2.00 0.60 Cum 6.00
Total Mrrum filling for foundation Cum 7.70 121.50 936
4 404 Boulder filling in foundation
Long wall 2 4.25 1.00 0.60 Cum 5.10
Short wall 2 2.00 1.00 0.60 Cum 2.40
Total 7.50 277.60 2082
5 413(b) PCC for foundation in 1:3:6
Long wall 2 3.95 0.30 0.10 Cum 0.24
Short wall 2 2.00 0.30 0.10 Cum 0.12
Total 0.36 1943.00 694
6 605 (h) Brick Masonry in 1:4 up to DPC level
Long wall 2 3.95 0.20 0.50 Cum 0.79
Short wall 2 2.00 0.20 0.50 0.40
Total 1.19 2509.20 2986
7 413 (b) DPC for wall in 1:3:6
Long wall 2 3.95 0.20 0.05 Cum 0.08
Short wall 2 2.00 0.20 0.05 Cum 0.04
Total 0.12 1943.20 231
8 606 Brick Masonry in 1:4 mortar for superstructure
Long wall 2 3.95 0.20 2.20 Cum 3.5
Short wall 2 2.00 0.20 2.20 Cum 1.8
Deduction for door 1 2.00 1.00 0.20 Cum 0.4
Deduction for ventilator 4 0.60 0.20 0.60 Cum 0.3
Total 4.5 2620.70 11919
Long wall 2 3.75 2.20 Sqm 16.50
Short wall 2 2.00 2.20 Sqm 8.80
Deduction for door 1 2.00 1.00 Sqm 2.00
Total 23.30 66.30 1545
10 Ventilator 0.60 x 0.20 m 4 No 4.00 750.00 3000
11 Door 2 x 1 M 2000
1101 Provision for roofing GI sheet
0.63mm thick with complete
12 1101 Fixing and fabrication 1 4.00 2.70 10.80 411.60 4445
13 Angle for Roof support
65mmX65mmX5mm 69.6
50mmX50mmX5mm 22.8
92.4 52.60 4860
35899
Labour 8237 23%
Material 27662 77%
Rates are taken from SoR RES MGNREGA Dewas District MP Applied from July 2011
Drawings 67
CATTLE SHED
BRICK MASONARY
1:4 CEMENT MOTAR
PLAN
GROUND
LEVEL
SECTION
68 Drawings
COST ESTIMATE OF CATTLE SHED FOR 6 CATTLE
1 Excavation for foundation in Hard soil
Long wall -1 1 8.00 1.00 0.50 4.00
Long wall -2 1 8.00 1.00 0.20 1.60
Short wall 2 3.50 1.00 0.50 3.50
Floor 1 7.30 3.00 0.30 6.57
301 (b) Total Cum 15.67 67.80 1062
2 Excavation for foundation in hard murrum
Long wall -1 1 8.00 1.00 0.50 Cum 4.00
Short wall 2 3.50 1.00 0.50 Cum 3.50
301 (C) Total 7.50 100.00 750
3 402 Murrum filling for foundation
Floor 1 7.30 3.00 0.60 Cum 13.14 121.50 1597
Long wall -1 1 8.00 1.00 0.60 Cum 4.80
Short wall 2 3.50 1.00 0.60 Cum 4.20
Total 9.00 277.60 2498
5 413(b) PCC for foundation in 1:3:6
Long wall -1 1 7.70 0.40 0.10 Cum 0.31
Long wall -2 1 7.70 0.40 0.10 Cum 0.31
Short wall 2 3.50 0.40 0.10 Cum 0.28
Total 0.90 1943.00 1741
6 605 (h) Brick Masonry in 1:4 up to DPC level
Long wall -1 1 7.70 0.20 0.70 Cum 1.08
Long wall -2 1 7.70 0.20 0.70 Cum 1.08
Short wall 2 3.50 0.20 0.70 0.98
Total 3.14 2509.20 7869
7 413(b) DPC for wall in 1:3:6
Long wall -1 1 7.70 0.20 0.05 Cum 0.08
Long wall -2 1 7.70 0.20 0.05 Cum 0.08
Short wall 2 3.50 0.20 0.05 Cum 0.07
Total 0.22 1943.20 435
8 606 Brick Masonry in 1:4 morter for superstructure
Long wall -1 1 7.70 0.20 1.30 Cum 2.00
Short wall 2 0.30 0.20 0.75 Cum 0.09
truff 1 7.70 0.20 0.65 Cum 1.00
Total 3.09 2620.70 8106
9 413 (a) PCC 1:2:4
Floor 1 7.70 3.50 0.10 Cum 2.70
Top of tr 1 7.70 0.20 0.10 Cum 0.15
Total 2.85 2507.90 7145
Long wall 1 7.70 1.00 Sqm 7.70
Short wall 2 0.30 1.00 Sqm 0.60
Truff 1 7.70 1.00 Sqm 7.70
Total 16.00 140.40 2246
11 Urine collection tank 250 Lit 1250
Provision of 100 mm dia half cut PVC pipe for
500
urine collection
35200
Labour 11352 32%
Material 23848 68%
Rates are taken from SoR RES MGNREGA Dewas District MP Applied from July 2011
Drawings 69
AZOLLA
BW 1:4
GL
0.15
2.40
AZOLLA TANKCC 1:3:6
SECTION
SECTION
0.20
2.00
0.20
0.20
0.20
2.00
PLAN
PLAN
70 Drawings
COST ESTIMATE FOR AZOLLA
1 301(b) Excavation in Hrad soil
1 Flooring 1 2.56 2.56 0.10 cum 0.66
Total 0.66 68 44.56
2 413(b) 1:3:6 PCC work for foundation

1 Flooring 1 2.56 2.56 0.10 cum 0.66
Total 0.66 1927.5 1263.21
3 605(j) Brick work

1 Long wall 2 2.23 0.23 0.20 cum 0.21
2 Short wall 2 2.23 0.23 0.20 cum 0.21
Total 0.41 1484.7 609.20

1 Long wall (External) 2 2.46 0.20 sq.m 0.98
2 Long wall (Internal) 2 2.00 0.20 sq.m 0.80
3 Short wall (External) 2 2.46 0.20 sq.m 0.98
4 Short wall (Internal) 2 2.00 0.20 sq.m 0.80
Total 3.57 58.2 207.66
Total 2124.63
Contigency @3% of total cost 63.74
Total cost fo Azola pit 2188.37
Labour 606 28%
Materails 1583 72%
Drawings 71
FISHERIES IN SEASONAL WATER
BODIES ON PUBLIC LAND
FISHERIES IN SEASONAL WATER BODIES ON PUBLIC LAND
16.60X20X1.50
=500 CUM
FOR FISH
NURSERY POND
D/S
NALA
TING BUND
Y
EXIS ING
LWA
SPIL 0.60
U/S
100X100X1.50
=15000 CUM
SIZE EXCAVATION
IN EXISTING TANK
BED
U/S SIDE OF TANK BED
72 Drawings
COST ESTIMATE FOR FISHERIES
m m m cum / smt
1 101 Site clearence
existing tank bed 1 102 102 sq.m 10404
fish nursery pond 1 19 22 sq.m 418
Fish Yard 1 8 7 sq.m 56
10878 1.7 18492.6
2 301 (b) Earth work for foundationin hard soil

in an existing tank bed 1 100.00 100.00 1.50 15000.00
fish nursery pond 1 16.70 20.00 1.50 501.00
Fish Yard L / w 2 6.23 0.30 0.15 0.56
Fish Yard S / w 2 5.23 0.30 0.15 0.47
15502.03 68.0 1054138.14
3 413 (b) 1:3:6 PCC work for foundation

Fish Yard L / w 2 6.23 0.30 0.15 0.56
Fish Yard S / w 2 5.23 0.30 0.15 0.47
1.03 1927.5 1988.02
4 605(j) Brick work (1:6)

Fish Yard L / w 2 6.23 0.23 0.50 1.43
Fish Yard S / w 2 5.23 0.23 0.50 1.20
2.64 1484.7 3913.37
5 402 Murum Filling
Flooring 1 6 5 0.35 10.50
Entrance Ramp 1 2 2 0.25 1.00
11.50 174.9 2011.35
6 413(b) 1:3:6 PCC work

Fish Yard Floor 1 6.00 5.00 0.15 4.50 1927.5 8673.75
7 605(j) Brick work above floor

Fish Yard L / w 1 6.23 0.23 0.20 0.29
Fish Yard L / w 1 4.23 0.23 0.20 0.19
Fish Yard S / w 2 5.23 0.23 0.20 0.48
0.96 1484.7 1428.76
h local Net Protection

1 market Long wall 2 6.46 2 25.84
2 rate Short wall 2 5.46 2 21.84
47.68 100.0 4768
Total 1095413.99
Total cost of fishery pond 1128276.41
Labour 1109893.41 98%
Materails 18383 2%
Drawings 73
FISH DRYING YARDS
74 Drawings
COST ESTIMATE FOR FISH YARD
1 301 (b) Excavation in hard soil
Flooring 1 10.56 10.56 0.15 cum 16.73
Total 16.73 68 1137.44
2 413 (b) 1:3:6 PCC work for foundation

Flooring 1 10.56 10.56 0.15 cum 16.73
Total 16.73 1927.5 32241.37
3 605 (j) Brick work (1:6)

Long wall 2 10.23 0.23 0.20 cum 0.94
Short wall 2 10.23 0.23 0.20 cum 0.94
Total 1.88 1484.7 2794.68

Long wall (External) 2 10.46 0.20 sq.m 4.18
Long wall (Internal) 2 10.00 0.20 sq.m 4.00
Short wall (External) 2 10.46 0.20 sq.m 4.18
Short wall (Internal) 2 10.00 0.20 sq.m 4.00
Total 16.37 58.2 952.62
5 Local Net Protection

Market Long wall 2 10.46 2 sq.m 41.84
Rate Short wall 2 10.46 2 sq.m 41.84
83.68 100 8368.00
Total 45494.11
Total cost of fish draying yard 46859
Labour 10923 23%
Materials 35936 77%
Drawings 75
CONSTRUCTION OF STORM WATER
1:2:4 COPING
0.60 0.60 0.60
0.10 The width of the channel - 0.60M
Size of the rubble work - 0.60x0.60M
0.60 Depth of the channel - 0.60M
0.50
CONSTRUCTION OF STORM WATER
0.20
UCR IN 1:6
0.10
CC 1:3:6
1.80
SECTION
Enlarged view of image appearing on page number44
76 Drawings
COST ESTIMATE FOR COASTAL DRAIN
m m m cum
1 301 (b) Exacvation for foundation in hard soil
Channel 1 100.00 1.80 0.90 cum 162.00
162.00 68 11016
2 506(e) 1:6 U C R
Bed 1 100.00 1.80 0.20 cum 36.00
36.00 1522 54792
3 413(b) 1:3:6 PCC work over U C R 1 100.00 1.80 0.10 cum 18.00
18.00 1927.5 34695
4 506(e) 1:6 U C R
Side wall 2 100.00 0.60 0.50 60.00
60.00 1522 91320
5 413(a) 1:2:4 Coping 2 100.00 0.60 0.10 cum 12.00
12.00 2528.3 30339.6
Total 222162.6
Total cost of Drain 228827.48
Labour 71779 29%
157048.48 71%
Drawings 77
SOAK PIT
SECTION
PLAN
78 Drawings
COST ESTIMATE FOR SOAK PIT

1 301 (b) Earth work for foundation in hard soil
1 Pit 1 2.00 2.00 2.00 cum 8.00
Total 8.00 68.0
2 Filling Material
a 439 Stone + Brick bats 1 2.00 2.00 1.00 cum 4.00 269.6 1078.4
b 404 pabbles 1 2.00 2.00 0.50 cum 2.00 187.0 374
c 404 Sand 1 2.00 2.00 0.25 cum 1.00 187.0 187
Total 2183.4
Total cost of Soak Pit 2249
Labour 919 41%
1330 59%
Drawings 79
RECHARGE PIT
SAND
PEBBLES
STONES & BRICKBATS
0.25M
0.25M
0.50M
1.00M
2.00M
PIPE TO BOREWELL
SECTION
RECHARGE PIT
1.00M
2.00M
PLAN
SPECIFICATIONS
SAND: The sand should be free from clay particles
PEBBLES: Before filling in the pit pebbles should be cleaned
properly and the over aged pebbles should not be used.
STONE AND BRICKBATS: The hard stone, properly cleaned
shoule be used and the brickbats should be of properly burnt
bricks.
NOTE: It should be ensured that the filling material is cleaned

properly and hygenic.
80 Drawings
COST ESTIMATE FOR RECHARGE PIT
1 301 (b) Earth work for foundationin Hard soil
Pit 1 2.00 2.00 2.00 cum 8.00
Total 8.00 68.0 544
2 Filling Material
a 439 Stone + Brick bats 1 2.00 2.00 1.00 cum 4.00 269.6 1078.4
b 404 pabbles 1 2.00 2.00 0.50 cum 2.00 187.0 374
c 404 Sand 1 2.00 2.00 0.25 cum 1.00 187.0 187
3 Making cross section - 1 1 lumsum 3000
Filter chamber to Borewell

Total 5183.4
contigency @ 3% of total cost 155.50
Total cost of recharge pit 5339
Labour 919 17%
4420 83%
Drawings 81

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Foreword

Chapter 1. MGNREGA for Strengthening Livelihoods of the Poor 01

Chapter 3. Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan 15

Chapter 4. Implementation of the Habitation Livelihoods Plan 31

Chapter 5. Capacity Building of PRIs and Community Members 47

Chapter 6. Monitoring Progress on Livelihoods Assets 53

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3

Chapter 6 Chapter 5 Chapter 4

In passing a legislation to guarantee wage We are thankful to Mr C S Rajan, Additional Chief

Acronyms and Abreviations vii

This chapter explains the meaning of

Chapter1 MGNREGA for Strengthening Livelihoods of the Poor 03

Box 1. Mobilisation of SHGs to obtain Livelihoods Benefits

04 Chapter1 MGNREGA for Strengthening Livelihoods of the Poor

Chapter1 MGNREGA for Strengthening Livelihoods of the Poor 05

06 Chapter1 MGNREGA for Strengthening Livelihoods of the Poor

Chapter1 MGNREGA for Strengthening Livelihoods of the Poor 07

08 Chapter1 MGNREGA for Strengthening Livelihoods of the Poor

The MGNREGS faces a number of operational

The purpose of the chapter is to outline a

Priortizing • Identification of vulnerable groups

Habitation • Formation of habitation level MGNREGA Management Committee

Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan 17

18 Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan

Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan 19

1 Ganesh Ramlal Basti 1 1 1 3 1

2 Mahesh Arjun Basti 0 0 1 1 3

3 Dhayna Singh Banesingh Basti 1 1 0 2 2

20 Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan

Output: Sector Wise List of Households having

Below a process is described, as an illustration,

Step 8: In-depth discussion in the habitation

Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan 21

Problems in dairy (large ruminants) that are often

Problems to do with small livestock could be

22 Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan

a) Name of the activity

Table No.2: Consolidated Habitation/Village Level Livelihood Plan

Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan 23

Table No.4: Grouping of Permissible Works on Common and Private Lands

24 Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan

Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan 25

Box 9. Nandan Falodyan Yojana for Job Card Holders in

- Link to Kapil Dhara Yojana (scheme to promote wells);

- Provision of technical assistance by a facilitating team;

- Consideration of geographical context while designing agro-horticultural plantation;

26 Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan

Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan 27

28 Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan

Chapter 3 Preparation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan 29

This chapter tells you about the process of

Instructions for new permissible works are

Preparatory • Sharing the approved plan among the community members

Technical • Selection of the sites

Work • Identification of mason and material procurement

Figure 2. Four Phases of Implementation of Habitation Level Livelihoods Plan

A. A. Preparation phase involvement of the community. For ensuring

Chapter 4 Implementation of the Habitation Livelihoods Plan 33

Step 5: Identification of mason(s) and material Group I. Works related to Improving