A Project
A Project
REPORT…..
Prepared by……..///////
sumit chauhan ……..//////
Being located in remote regions leads to development of interior backward areas (education, medical,
road communication, telecommunication etc.)
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
FINENTIAL PROFILE
1) An authorized share capital of Rs. 70,000 millions.
2) Government of India’s approval of increasing the authorized share capital of the corporation Rs.
1000,000 millions.
3) Investment base of over Rs. 155,000 Millions and paid up capital of Rs. 62,709 millions.
4) In terms of investment NHHPC is one of the TOP TEN companies of the country.
Future plans: road ahead
5) During the X five year plan, hydro capacity addition of 4357 MW.
6) Tentative allocation of Rs. 322260 millions by planning commission for X five year plan: an increase of
500% in comparison to IX five year plan.
PERFORMANCE
1) Registered net profit of Rs. 4, 709 millions (2001-2002), highest ever profit made since its inception.
2) Sales turnover of Rs. 13,496 millions (2001-2002).
3) Declare a dividend of Rs.500 million (2001-2002) generated 8912.29 MU (2001-2002)
4) Generated 8912.29 (2001-2002)
CORPORATE VISION
A world class, diversified & transnational organization for sustainable development of hydro power &
water resources with strong environment conscience.
CORPORATE MISSION
1) To achieve international standards of excellence in all aspects of hydropower and diversified business.
2) To execute & operate projects in cost effective, environment friendly and socio – economically
responsive manner.
3) To foster component, trained & multi – disciplinary human capital.
4) To continually develop state – of –art technologies through innovative R&D and adopt best practices.
5) To adopt the best practices of corporate governance & institutionalize value based management for a
strong corporate identity.
6) Revised MoA signed with Govt. of arunachal Pradesh for implementation of 3000MW Dibbing
multipurpose project, 750 MW twang –II project by NHPC.
7) DPR of 520 MW Test Stage – IV project in Sikkim submitted to CEA for accord of TEC.
8) Govt. sanction accorded for the 330 MW kishanganga project in Jammu & Kashmir.
9) MoU signed with Govt. of Manipur for implementation of 66 MW loktak downstream projects by
NHPC in joint venture with Govt. of Manipur. Ministry of environment and forest has accorded pre –
construction activities on the project.
10) Environment clearance has been accorded by ministry of environment and forest for 195 MW Kotli
Bhel-1A, 320MW Kotli Bhel – 1B, 120 MW Vyasi projects, all in uttarakhand and 1000MW Pakal Dul in
Jammu & Kashmir.
11) Implementation enterprise resources planning (ERP) of IFS AB, Sweden across the organization.
12) Achieved 100% revenue realization Rs. 2270 crore.
13) Name of company has been changed from national hydroelectric power corporation Ltd. To NHPC
Limited.
14) NHPC has been conferred Mini Ratna status by the Government of India.
HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT
CONCEPT OF MODERN HYDRO POWER PLANT
Hydropower is a renewable, economic, non polluting and environmentally being source of energy.
Hydropower stations have inherent ability for instantaneous starting, stopping and load variation and
hence best choice for meeting peak demand.
The Hydropower Projects have long life extending over 50 years and help in conserving scares fossil
fuels. They also help in opening new avenues for development of remote and backward areas.
TYPES OF POWER STATION.
DEPENDING UP ON THE PRIME MOVER THE POWER STATIONS ARE CLASSIFIED AS:
1. THERMAL POWER STATION.
A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion in to electrical energy is known as a
steam or thermal power station.
2. DIESEL POWER STATION.
A generating station in which diesel engine is used as a prime mover for the generation of electrical
energy is known as a diesel power station.
3. NUCLEAR POWER STATION.
A generating station in which nuclear energy is converted in to electrical energy is known as a nuclear
energy is known as a nuclear power station.
In nuclear power Station, heavy element such as uranium (u235) or thorium (Th232) is subjected to
nuclear fusion in a special apparatus known as a reactor.
This utilizes the potential hydraulic power originating from the tidal cycle of the sea.
4. WIND POWER STATION.
Wind Power plants utilizes K.E of wind to generate electricity. A turbine and a generator convert the
energy from the wind to mechanical and the electrical energy. Wind power is one of the most promising
and cost effective renewable energy technologies available today.
6. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER STATION.
A hydropower generating station utilizes the potential energy of water at a high level for the generation
of electrical energy. These power stations are generally located in hilly areas where dams can built
conveniently and large water reservoir can be obtained.
*The power capacity of a hydropower plant is primarily the function of two variables.
- (flow rate expressed in cubic meter per second)
- The Hydraulic head, which is the elevation difference the water falls in passing through the plant.
SCHEMATIC SKETCH OF A HYDRO
POWER PLANT……
Switchyard components:
1. CIRCUIT BREAKER:
It is used to breaking the circuit when short circuiting takes place. It is a protection device. different types
of circuit breakers are air circuit breaker, oil circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker.
2. ISOLATOR:
It is a mechanical device capable of opening or closing a circuit under condition of no load or negligible
current.
3. EARTHING SWITCH:
Earthing or grounding is the term used for electrical connection to general mass of earth. Earthing
switches are used for earthing.
NECESSITY OF EARTHING:
1) It safe human life.
2) It safe all machines through which overhead lines come from lightning.
3) It makes line voltage constant.
4. CURRENT TRANSFORMERS:
They are small transformer, intended to supply low values of current to measuring instruments, protective
relays, and other similar devices. These are used where the current or voltage is too high to be handled
directly by the instruments.
5. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS:
They are used for supply of low voltage, usually 110 V, for the use of instrument and protective device
where the main voltage is not suitable for direct application to the instruments.
6. LIGHTNING ARRESTERS:
High voltage surges are caused in electrical systems by lightning, switching operations and other
disturbances. these surges can result in flash over’s over line insulators and insulation puncture resulting
in line outage and damage to equipment unless dissipated to ground with the help of lightning arresters.
The arresters are designed to offer low resistance to surge at the same time blocking the power frequency
follow current.
7. BUS BAR:
Bus bars are an arrangement in which all electrical equipments used in a switchyard is connected. These
are made up of aluminium.
8. RELAY PANEL:
If a protective device acts directly on the holding latch of a switch or a circuit breaker, it is known as
“release device”. If it opens or close an auxiliary circuit is called a relay. Release devices are used in
manually operated switches and breakers, while relays are used in solenoid operated breakers.
STAGE-II
STAGE II (800MW)
THE PROJECT…
The Parbati Hydroelectric Project (Stage-II) is a run-of-the-river scheme proposed to harness hydro potential of
the lower reaches of the River Parbati. The proposed scheme is ‘inter basin transfer' type. The river is
proposed to be diverted at Village Pulga in Parbati valley and the Power House shall be located at village Suind
in Sainj Valley. Thus, a gross head of 862 m between Pulga and Suind will be utilized for generating 800 MW
power. The diverted discharge of the river Parbati has been further augmented by diverting the discharge of
The Project is located in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh on National Highway No. 21. The nearest rail head
Kiratpur Sahib is about 190 Km. from the Project. There is a air strip at Bhuntar town which is situated at
confluence of rivers Beas and Parbati. The road distance from Bhuntar to dam site and power house is about
GEOLOGY…..
The Project lies within Lesser Himalaya and is characterized by highly rugged topography. The Project area lies
in four distinct rock formations namely Kullu. Manikaran, Banjar and Larji. These rock formations are separated
by intervening thrusts like Kullu. Kandi and Garsa etc. The dam complex lies in Gneisses and Schist whereas
power house will be constructed in metasediments and metabasics. The head race tunnel will pass through a
(Adit at Shilagarh)
General information about Parbati hydro electric project:
1) Full reservoir level el. 2198.00 m.
2) Minimum draw down level el. 2185.00 m.
3) Max tail water level el. 1331.00 m.
4) Gross storage 6.83 MCM.
5) Max gross head 863 m.
6) Max neat head 845 m.
7) Design and rated head 789 m.
8) Turbine type - pelton type.
9) Installed capacity – 800 MW.
10) No. units and size – 4 units of 200 MW each.
11) Generation voltage – 13.8 KV.
12) Transmission voltage – 400 KV.
13) Highest transmission voltage – 420 KV.
14) Types of power house – surface type.
15) Type of switchyard – gas insulated switchgear.
16) GSU transformer – 82 MVA, 1-PHASE 50 Hz.
17) A.C Power – 415/240 V + - 10%, 50 Hz.
Elevation levels:
1) Starting concerting – el. 1324.75 m.
2) Cooling water sump – el. 1325.75 m.
3) C/L of turbine – el. 1335.00 m.
4) Turbine floor – el. 1338.00m.
5) Generation floor – el. 1342.60 m.
6) Transformer floor – el. 1346.00 m.
7) GIS floor – el. 1355.55 m.
Electrical components:
1) Main inlet valve – 4 no.
2) Turbine – 4 no.
3) Excitation transformers – 4 no.
4) Generator – 4 no.
5) Transformers – 14 no.
6) Bus duct
7) Governor – 4 no.
8) GIS – 420 KV.
9) 220 V DC and 48 V DC systems.
Salient features:
1) State – H.P.
2) District – Kullu
3) River – Parbati ( a tributary of river Beas )
4) Dam – near village Pulga.
5) Power house – near village Suind.
Hydrology:
1) PARBATI RIVER:
Catchment area at diversion dam – 1155 sq. km
Snow catchment – 971 sq. km
Max observed discharge – 369.1 cumec
2) JIGRAI NALLAH:
Catchment area at diversion site – 42 sq. km
Snow catchment – 21 sq. km
3) HURLA NALLAH:
Catchment area at diversion site – 34 sq. km
Snow catchment – 9.5 sq. km
4) JIWA NALLAH:
Catchment area at diversion site – 180 sq. km
Snow catchment – 54 sq. km
5) DIVERSION TUNNEL:
Length – 270 m long and 7.5 m dia
Diversion discharge – 512 cumec
6) DIVERSION DAM:
Height and type – 91 m high, concrete gravity dam.
Dam top – el. 2200 m
7) SPILLWAY:
Type – office type
No. of bays – 3
Design flood discharge – 1850 cumec.
8) RESERVOIR:
Gross storage – 6.83 Mcum
Fetch of reservoir – 1.8 km
9) INTAKE TUNNEL:
Size and type – 3 no., 3.7 m D – shaped concrete lined.
Length – 146 m, 168 m, 198 m
Design discharge – 48.30 cumec
downstream of the confluence of River Sainj and Jiwa Nallah. The power house shall have an installed capacity
of 800 MW with four generating units of 200 MW each. Short Tail Race Channels shall discharge the water
COST...
The estimated cost for construction of Project is worked out to be Rs. 3708.66 crore +US$11.774 million
BENEFITS...
The Project is planned to be operated as a peaking power station. A: 800 MW installed capacity the Project will
generate 3108.66 million units of Power in 90% dependable year. The construction of the Project will bring
social & economic development in the region. Rv10reover facilities like infrastructure. Education Medical and
MAJOR COMPONENTS
1. DIVERSION DAM
An 85 m high. 113 m long, concrete gravity dam is proposed near village Pulga across Parbati
River to divert 145cumec of water. The reservoir will have a live storage capacity of 3.09 Mcum with gross
storage capacity as 6.83 Mcum. This diurnal storage will be sufficient to run power station at full capacity for 4
hours in a day even during lean flow period. The spillway section consisting of three bays is designed to pass a
maximum probable flood of 1850 cumec. Further it is planned to divert the discharge of Jigrai Nalla located
just downstream of Pulga diversion dam into the reservoir for augmentation.
2. INTAKE STRUCTURE AND DESILTING ARRAGEMENT
The proposed intake structure is located on the left bank of Parbati River just upstream of Pulga diversion dam
to cater to a designed discharge of 145 cumec. For trapping suspended silt particles carried by river, an
A 31.380 Km. long. 6 m dia tunnel has been proposed on the left bank of Parbati to carry a design discharge of
116 cumec. Water from Manihar, Pancha, and Hurla and Jiwa nallah flowing above HRT alignment will be
diverted into the HRT through a rock shaft for augmentation of power generation. The construction of tunnel
will be carried out by five construction adits by deploying modern tunneling equipments like Tunnel Boring
IMPULSE TURBINE :-
The impulse type depends for its operation wholly on velocity and impact of water directed against
buckets fixed around the rim if a turbine wheel.
The potential energy of water at high head is converted in to the kinetic head in the form of velocity which
is utilized to drive the turbine. The pelton wheel belongs to this category. The buckets are cast from
special wear-resistant steel.
The no. of buckets (Z) for a pelton wheel in terms of jet ratio (m) is given by empirical formula
Z=0.5 m +15
-IMULSE TURBINES are normally used for high heads above 150m but where discharge is less, these are
used for lower heads also.
flow Regulating
Arrangement
2. Runner with
Bucket
3. Casing
4. Breaking jet
FUNCTION:
The water flows along the tangent to the path of the runner. Nozzles direct forceful streams of water against a
series of spoon-shaped buckets mounted around the edge of a wheel. As water flows into the bucket, the
direction of the water velocity changes to follow the contour of the bucket. When the water-jet contacts the
bucket, the water exerts pressure on the bucket and the water is decelerated as it does a "u-turn" and flows
out the other side of the bucket at low velocity. In the process, the water's momentum is transferred to the
turbine. This "impulse" does work on the turbine.
For maximum power and efficiency, the turbine system is designed such that the water-jet velocity is twice the
velocity of the bucket. A very small percentage of the water's original kinetic energy will still remain in the
water; however, this allows the bucket to be emptied at the same rate it is filled, (see conservation of mass),
thus allowing the water flow to continue uninterrupted. Often two buckets are mounted side-by-side, thus
splitting the water jet in half . This balances the side-load forces on the wheel, and helps to ensure smooth,
efficient momentum transfer of the fluid jet to the turbine wheel. Because water and most liquids are nearly
incompressible, almost all of the available energy is extracted in the first stage of the hydraulic turbine.
Therefore, Pelton wheels have only one turbine stage, unlike gas turbines that operate with compressible fluid.
5.PENSTOCK :
A penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers
water to hydraulic turbines and sewerage systems. It is a term that has been inherited from the technology of
wooden watermills.
INTRODUCTION OF TUNNEL BORING
MACHINE…….
A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a
variety of rock strata. They can bore through hard rock, sand, and almost anything in between. Tunnel
diameters can range from a meter (done with micro-TBMs) to 19 meters. Tunnels of less than a meter or so
in diameter are typically done by horizontal directional drilling rather than TBMs.
Tunnel boring machines are used as an alternative to drilling and blasting (D&B) methods. A TBM has the
advantages of not disturbing surrounding soil and producing a smooth tunnel wall. This significantly reduces
the cost of lining the tunnel, and makes them suitable to use in built-up areas. The key disadvantage is cost.
TBMs are expensive to construct, difficult to transport and require significant infrastructure. A Robbins TBM is
complex in its design, yet relatively simple in concept. The front of the TBM is a rotating cutter head that
matches the diameter of the tunnel. The cutter head holds disc cutters (ranging from 11" to 20" in diameter)
which are positioned for optimal boring of the given rock type. As the cutter head turns, hydraulic propel
cylinders push the cutters into the rock. The transfer of this high thrust through the rolling disc cutters creates
fractures in the rock causing chips to break away from the tunnel face.
A unique floating gripper system pushes on the sidewalls and is locked in place while the propel cylinders
extend, allowing the main beam to advance the TBM. The machine can be continuously steered while gripper
shoes push on the sidewalls to react the machine's forward thrust. Buckets in the rotating cutter head scoop
up machine for removal from the tunnel. At the end of a stroke the rear legs of the machine are lowered, the
assembly for the next boring cycle. The grippers are extended, the rear legs lifted, and boring begins again.
TBM DESCRIPTION
A tunnel boring machine (TBM) typically consists of one or two shields (large metal cylinders) and trailing
support mechanisms. At the front end of the shield is a rotating cutting wheel. Behind the cutting wheel is a
chamber where, depending on the type of the TBM, the excavated soil is either mixed with slurry (so-called
slurry TBM) or left as is. The choice of TBM type depends on the soil conditions. Systems for removal of the soil
(or the soil mixed with slurry) are also present.
Behind the chamber there is a set of hydraulic jacks supported by the finished part of the tunnel which push
the TBM forward. The action here is much like an earthworm. The rear section of the TBM is braced against
the tunnel walls and used to push the TBM head forward. At maximum extension the TBM head is then braced
against the tunnel walls and the TBM rear is dragged forward. Behind the shield, inside the finished part of the
tunnel, several support mechanisms which are part of the TBM are located: dirt removal, slurry pipelines if
applicable, control rooms, and rails for transport of the precast segments. The cutting wheel will typically
rotate at 1 to 10 rpm (depending on size and stratum), cutting the rock face into chips or excavating soil
(muck). Depending on the type of TBM, the muck will fall onto a conveyor belt system and be carried out of
the tunnel, or be mixed with slurry and pumped back to the tunnel entrance. Depending on rock strata and
tunnel requirements, the tunnel may be cased, lined, or left unlined. This may be done by bringing in precast
concrete sections that are jacked into place as the TBM moves forward, by assembling concrete forms, or in
some hard rock strata, leaving the tunnel unlined and relying on the surrounding rock to handle and distribute
the load.
TBM Machine Features
All Robbins TBM machines are equipped with:
A custom-designed rotating cutter head matched to the geologic conditions to ensure smooth,
efficient boring
Large-diameter high-load capacity disc cutters to penetrate the rock efficiently
A large-diameter main bearing and bull gear assembly specially designed for high-thrust applications
in underground conditions
Robbins' unique floating gripper system for continuous steering capability
Hydraulically actuated side and roof supports to stabilize the cutter head by minimizing cutter wear
Laser target steering for tunnel accuracy
Steel dust shield to maintain a seal between the tunnel and the cutter head, trapping dust in the
cutter head for removal by scrubber through the main beam
Efficient belt conveyor inside the main beam transfers muck from the cutter head to the rear of the
TBM
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
No endeavor however small can be successful accomplished without the concrete efforts of all concerned. I
was fortunate in being given full co-operation & help whenever I sought it in the course of my training.
I express my sincere thanks to Mr. Sanjay Sharma (HR manager) who accepted me as a trainee in NHPC & for
I have no appropriate words to express my sense of gratitude to Mr. Dev Kumar (electrical engineer) under
whom I was placed during the training tenure. I must admit that Mr. R. S Verma (Deputy Manager of electrical
department) also gave me their guidance without which my training would not have been rich and fruitful.
I owe a special thanks to all the executives Supervisors & Staff of various departments for their co-operation &