NPQS

A1-20 Windows

National Productivity and Quality Specifications (NPQS)

A1-20 Windows

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CONTENTS
Page

1.0 GENERAL 1
1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Related Sections 1
1.3 Standards 1
1.4 Trade Preamble 2

2.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 4

2.1 Contractor’s Brief 4

3.0 MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 10

3.1 Types of Window Systems 10
3.2 Glazing 10
3.3 Aluminium Components 12
3.4 Carbon Steel Components 13
3.5 Stainless Steel Components 14
3.6 Timber 14
3.7 Frame Material Compatibility 14
3.8 Fixings and Fasteners 14
3.9 Setting Blocks 15
3.10 Sealants 15
3.11 Accessories 15

4.0 WORKMANSHIP 17
4.1 Fabrication 17
4.2 Installation 18
4.3 Protection and Cleaning 20

5.0 VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSION 21

5.1 Submissions 21
5.2 Samples and Mock-ups 22
5.3 Inspections 22
5.4 Tests 23

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1.0 GENERAL
Read with the General Requirements section, and all other contract documents.

1.1 Scope
This section covers the requirements for windows with Aluminium, Steel or Timber
frames. It does not cover windows with PVC frame or panes, which are to proprietary
manufacturer’s specification. Windows forming parts of a curtain wall or cladding
system are regarded as operable openings within the system, refer to work sections
A1-10 Curtain Walls and A1-40 Metal Cladding for requirements.
This document is supplementary to Section A1-20 Windows of the NPQS and sets
out Project Specific Data (PSD) in the same clause headings as in the NPQS. All
modifications and additions noted in this document take precedence over clauses
noted in the NPQS.

1.2 Related Sections

Read this work section in conjunction with the relevant requirements of the other work
sections including the following:
A1-80-1 External Render
A1-80-2 External Wall Tiling
A1-80-3 External Painting and Coating
A3-40 External Metalwork
A3-50 External Timberwork

1.3 Standards
Unless otherwise agreed by the SO, ensure all of the Works comply with the relevant
requirements of the Standards and Codes listed below or referenced in the body of
the Specification. Alternative Standards and Codes may be proposed for approval by
the SO, provided it can be demonstrated that the alternative Standards and Codes
comply with the requirements of the standards specified. All Standards and Codes
quoted are the current version, unless specific year references are noted.
Singapore Standards
SS 212 Specification for Aluminium Alloy Windows
SS Safety glazing materials for use in buildings (Human impact
341.1989 considerations)
Other Standards
BS 6262 Code of practice for glazing for buildings
BS 6375 Performance of Windows
BS 6213 Guide to the selection of constructional sealants
BS 5889 Specification for one-part gun grade silicone-based sealants
BS 8118 Structural use of aluminium
BS 6339-2 Loading for buildings. Code of practice for wind loads
BS 5250 Code of practice for control of condensation in buildings
BS EN ISO Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles -

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1461 specifications and test methods

BS EN ISO Protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures - zinc
14713 and aluminium coatings – guidelines

BS 6496 Specification for powder organic coatings for application and

stoving to aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections
for external architectural purposes
BS 6497 Specification for powder organic coatings for application and
stoving to hot-dip galvanized hot-rolled steel sections and
preformed steel sheet for windows and associated external
architectural purposes
BS 5713 Specification for hermetically sealed flat double glazing units
BS EN 573-3 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - chemical composition and form of
wrought products. Chemical composition
BS 1161 Specification for aluminium alloy sections for structural purposes
PD 6484 Commentary on corrosion at bimetallic contacts and its alleviation
BS 8200 Design of non-loadbearing vertical enclosures
ASTM C1036 Standard specification for flat glass
ASTM C1048 Standard specification for heat-treated flat glass kind HS, kind FT
coated and uncoated glass
ASTM C1172 Standard specification for laminated architectural flat glass

1.4 Trade Preamble

1.4.1 Contractor’s Submissions

The design intent including type and locations of windows for the project are indicated
in the drawings and schedules.
Engage qualified and experienced personnel to carry out and submit the following
items for the SO’s acceptance:
1.4.1.1 Develop all necessary details for the fabrication and installation of the
windows, and to meet with the performance requirements as set out in
clause 2.1 below; Details to develop may include shape and sizing of
components, accessories and connections to the building.
1.4.1.2 Design for the appropriate structural support for the window system
including the panes, frame and connections. Where required as indicated
in the PSD, engage a PE (structural) to verify the design and endorse the
submissions.
A PE (structural) is / is not required to verify and endorse the design for
the appropriate structural support for the window system including the
panes, frame and connections.

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1.4.1.3 Develop waterproof details for the junction between the windows and the
walls.
1.4.1.4 Propose names of manufacturers and products for components and
accessories when called for.

1.4.2 Co-ordination with Other Works

Co-ordinate the window installation works, particularly the interfaces with the
following work packages and trades:
a. External walls and finishes.
b. Internal walls and finishes.

1.4.3 Provide Spare Materials

Deliver to site in strong protective packages marked for identification, and store
where directed, components and materials for future replacement and repair. Refer to
PSD for list.
Supply the following spare material and store in an area agreed with the SO:
Item Quantity Time supplied

1.4.4 Warranty
Provide warranty in accordance with contract conditions for the performance of the
following items:
a. Five-Year warranty for the general window systems and other accessories
components.
b. Ten-Year indemnity for aluminium and glazing works.

1.4.5 Maintenance Manual

No maintenance manual is required.

1.4.6 Quality Control Plan

Refer to the PSD for any requirement to provide a quality control plan.
A Quality Plan is not required

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2.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Contractor’s Brief

When carrying out the proposals as set out in clause 1.4.1, take account of the
following requirements:

2.1.1 Resistance to Climatic and Environmental Conditions

2.1.1.1 Weather Resistance
a. Limit airflow through the windows, from the exterior surface to the interior surface
through any of its joints, to the air leakage rates below when subject to wind
induced pressures or suctions of 600 Pa across the window.
i. through openable windows: not more than 2.0 cu m/hr per metre
length of the air seal around the perimeter of the opening frames.
ii. through fixed windows and spandrels: not more than 1.5 cu m/hr
per square metre.
iii. there must not be any concentrated airflow through the windows or
at any interfaces.

b. Prevent leakage of water into the interior of the building from the outer face of the
assembly, resulting from wind pressure, gravity, surface tension, or capillary
action with wind and precipitation likely to be experienced, up to 600 Pa static
pressure for any period of 5 minutes, and 600 Pa dynamic pressure for 3 second
periods at random intervals.

c. Prevent water entering into those parts of the windows that would be adversely
affected by the presence of water.
d. Where the system requires water to appear on the inside surfaces of the window,
such as in a track of a sliding door or window, any water must drain unassisted
within 10 minutes.
e. Maintain such weather-tightness under reasonably anticipated imposed loads and
thermal, structural or other movements.
Account for additional requirement for weather resistance as indicated in the PSD.
Account for additional requirement for weather resistance as follows:
a.      
b.      

2.1.1.2 Thermal Performance and Solar Gain

Achieve at least the performance levels as indicated in the PSD.
Achieve at least the performance levels as indicated below:
Shading coefficient (ASHRAE) 0.94
Visible light reflected (outwards) 10%

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Visible light reflected (inwards) 10%

Visible light transmitted 88%
Solar energy transmitted 77%
Solar energy reflected 7%
Solar Factor (SHGC) 0.81
U-value glazing 5.7
U-value windows overall (Specify if required)

2.1.1.3 Condensation
Resist the formation of condensation on visible surfaces, interstices or locations
where it is unable to drain.
Provide air and vapour barriers if necessary to eliminate dampness and condensation
around the windows.
2.1.1.4 Thermal Stress
Resist cracking to glass caused by thermal stress.
Expansion and contraction of the window frames must not cause unacceptable noise
or induce significant stresses to any components.

2.1.2 Resistance to Structural Loading

2.1.2.1 Gravity Loading
Support the self weight of the windows and transmit this weight safely back to the
supporting structure without overstressing or permanently deforming any components
Transmit all the design loads to the building structure via the anchors as designed
with an adequate margin of safety appropriate to each material and product.
2.1.2.2 Wind Loading
Withstand loading from inside and outside the building determined in accordance with
BS CP3 using a basic wind speed of 35m/s and terrain category suitable for the site.
Transmit these loads safely back to the supporting structure without overstressing or
permanently deforming any components. Take account of all applicable local
pressure coefficients.
Sustain no permanent damage to framing members, glazing or anchors when tested
at both positive and negative applications of the design wind loads multiplied by a
factor of 1.5. Framing members must not be buckled. Glazing, glazing beads and
decorative capping pieces must remain securely held and gaskets must not be
displaced.
Permanent deformation to framing members is not to exceed 1/500 of the span
measured between points of attachment to the structure after loading.
The calculated stress of all combined forces is not to exceed 1.33 times the
appropriate maximum permissible stress in the short term.
Design stays, locks, operating mechanisms, actuator motors etc. so that:
a. windows are not sucked or blown open when closed
b. stays or hinges not torn off if window is partly opened

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c. window to be closeable under full design load

2.1.2.3 Impact Loading

Framing must satisfy the requirements of Tables 3 and 4 of BS 8200.1985 "Design of
non-loadbearing vertical enclosures" for category B in table 2. The maximum visually
acceptable dent in the metal surface is 10mm in diameter and 3mm in depth.
2.1.2.4 Maintenance Loading
Sustain and safely transmit a static load of 500 N applied horizontally through a
square of 100 mm side on any framing in vertical or near vertical windows.
2.1.2.5 Barrier Loading
For windows acting as barrier, sustain and safely transmit static horizontal loads in
accordance with schedule 4 of the Building control regulations.
2.1.2.6 Loading from Temporary Conditions
Sustain and safely transmit any temporary loading that may arise from lifting, storing,
transporting, hoisting and installing the windows.
2.1.2.7 Window Framing Deflection Limits
Achieve deflection limits, as follows under the design load for serviceability:
a. Framing members - at both positive and negative applications, the maximum
frontal deflection must not exceed 1/240 of the span of the member measured
between points of attachment to the building, or 20 mm, whichever is the lesser.
b. Framing members supporting single glazing - the maximum deflection must not
exceed 1/125 of their length measured along the pane edge.
c. Framing members supporting double glazing units - the maximum deflection must
not exceed 1/175 of their length measured along the unit edge, or 15 mm,
whichever is the lesser, or more restrictive limits if set by the unit manufacturer.
d. The vertical deflection of framing members and transoms, which support the
weight of glazed panels, must not exceed 1/250 of their length.
e. Surfaces (metal panel, glass, etc.) that are horizontal or inclined at less than 150
must not deflect under self-weight by more than L/360.
f. Water must not pond on any part of the window system.
g. All framing members are to recover fully from the above deflections when the
loads are removed.

2.1.2.8 Locked in Stresses

Avoid the introduction of locked-in stresses that may be detrimental to the
performance of the windows.
2.1.2.9 Vibration and Repetitive Loading
Resist loosening of anchors and other components due to the effects of vibrations or
cyclic effects of load, deflections and thermal expansion.

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2.1.2.10 Anchors
Take account of any reduction in safe working loads in fixings due to their spacing,
location in areas of tension, near edges or proximity to cast in inserts/existing fixings,
or thickness of shims.
2.1.2.11 Structural Design
Carry out the design in accordance with the following codes:
a. SS 212 for Aluminium Alloy Windows
b. BS 6262 for Glazing
c. BS 8118 for Aluminium
d. BS 5950 for Steelwork
e. SS CP 7 for Timber

2.1.3 Movement and Tolerance to Structure

2.1.3.1 Structural Movement and Movement Between Works by Others
Ensure that performance, appearance and proper functioning of the window system
is not affected by any movements, settlement, deflection, expansion or contraction,
which can be expected to occur in the building or the construction process.
Junctions between the window systems and adjacent work by others are to be
formed to accommodate possible structural deflections or movement in that adjacent
element without distortion to the works, or disintegration of joints between the works.
Refer to the PSD for design movements and deflections to account for.
Where the window adjoins the main structural frame or is adjacent to a vertical
movement joint account for design movements and deflections as follows:
Maximum Edge Beam Deflection due to:
Self Weight mm or L/500
Imposed Dead Load mm or L/500
Live Load mm or L/360
Long Term Creep mm or L/500

Other Structural Movements

Total Long Term Column Shortening mm / storey
Inter-storey Sway Height/500
Differential Column Settlement L/1000

2.1.3.2 Structure Tolerances

Accommodate tolerances on structure and window openings as indicated in the PSD
to the respective works.
Accommodate tolerances on structure and window openings as indicated below to
the respective works:
Floor levels (floor to floor) ± 20mm

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Slab edge plan dimensions ± 30mm

Columns and wall location on plan in all ± 20mm
directions
Verticality H/500
Inserts (line and level) ± 10mm
Masonry set-out ± 15mm
Floor and ceiling finish level ± 5mm
Floor and ceiling position from grid ± 5mm
Wall finishes position from grid ± 5mm
External finishes level ± 20mm

2.1.4 Acoustic and Noise Performance

2.1.4.1 Acoustic Performance
Ensure that the window, its seals, baffles and flashings that form part of acoustic
separators achieve the following STL values as indicated in the PSD against noise
break-in.
Ensure that the window, its seals, baffles and flashings that form part of acoustic
separators achieve the following STL values as indicated below against noise break-
in:
Frequency 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000
(Hz)
STL (dB) 25 27 32 33 30 26

Install insulation / sealant to eliminate noise break in through air gaps around
windows
2.1.4.2 Noise
Minimise drumming, creaking, rattling, whistling and any other noises from the
windows audible to occupants.

2.1.5 Fire and Smoke Performance

2.1.5.1 Non-Combustible Materials
Ensure materials in the windows do not readily support combustion or add
significantly to the fire load or give off toxic fumes.
2.1.5.2 Surface Spread of Flame and Fire Propagation
Achieve Class O classification when tested in accordance with BS 476: Parts 6 & 7
internally and externally.
2.1.5.3 Fire and Smoke Stopping
Meet the requirements for BCA and FSB for separation of fire and smoke
compartments. It is noted that where the window does not bridge the edge of a floor
or the wall separating two compartments there are no requirements.

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2.1.6 Functionality
2.1.6.1 Appearance
a. Achieve the geometry presented in the drawings and schedules.
b. Achieve colours and appearances as per samples approved by the SO.

2.1.6.2 Operability
a) Meet the recommendations of SS 212 and BS 8213-1 in respect of reach
distances to ensure the safe operation of opening vents by users.
b) Meet the requirements for force required to operate the sash of a window set out
in SS 212 and BS 6375-2, for the type(s) of windows concerned.

2.1.6.3 Security
Resist wilful dismantling in order to gain unauthorised entry or vandalism.
2.1.6.4 Infestation
Resist attack or infestation by micro-organism, fungi, insects, reptiles, birds or bats
and rodents.
Have no openings in the windows that permit entry of insects, reptiles, birds or bats
and rodents.

2.1.7 Durability
2.1.7.1 Design Life of Components
Achieve the following minimum design life requirements:
a. IGU’s 10 years
b. PVF2 coating 15 years
c. All metal components 10 years
d. All gaskets 10 years
e. Hinges, stays, locks and other ironmongery – 50,000 cycles

2.1.7.2 Corrosion
In locations subject to wetting or condensation, do not use material susceptible to
corrosion; or cause rust staining, or bi-metallic action.
2.1.7.3 Maintenance and Replacement
Identify materials and components which under normal service conditions cannot
meet the specified design life and allow for their monitoring and replacement.
Detail the components such as to permit removal and replacement of individual
assemblies without affecting adjacent assemblies or supporting framework.

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3.0 MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

3.1 Types of Window Systems

Refer to the PSD for the types of window systems and component requirements for
this project.
Window systems for this project consists of the following types:
Window TYPE: W1
Component Material or Details e.g. NPQS A1-20 Clause
Product Grade/Thickness/Quality Ref.
Window material 3.3.1, 3.3.3.3
Window frame 3.3.1, 3.3.3.3
finish
Vision glass 3.2.2
Glass coating 3.2.7
Setting blocks 3.9
Location blocks 3.9
Gaskets 4.1.5.5, 4.2.8, 2.1.2.2,
2.1.7.d, 5.1.1.c
Weather sealant 2.1.4.1, 3.10
Small joint sealant 3.10
Aluminium panels
and trims
Aluminium finish 1.3, 3.3.3.3,
Fixings 4.2.5, 4.2.7, 5.1.3
Hardware 5.2.1
Hinges
Handles 2.1.7.1
Locks 2.1.7.1
Restrictors 2.1.7.1

3.2 Glazing

3.2.1 General
All glass must:
a. Comply with the requirements of SS 341 clause 3.2.
b. Be clean cut, without significant edge faults (including feathered edges, shells or
other imperfections) and free from bubbles, inclusions, cracks, rippling, dimples,
sleeks or other defects.
c. Be cut to accurate sizes in the factory.

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d. Be assessed for optical and visual faults as described in BS EN 572-2. Spot faults
to be no worse than category C. Ensure there are no linear/extended faults.
Optical faults to be within the limits set in BS EN 572-2.
e. Have no local defects producing irregular reflections.

3.2.2 Lamination
Laminated panes must:
a. Comply with SS 341.
b. Have PVB interlayer complying with BS 6206 Class A.
c. Have edge steps less than 0.5mm in toughened or heat-treated glass.
d. Bear identification marks indicating its nature and processor.
Protect the interlayer material from the effects of moisture absorption in service
including clouding, shrinking back, degassing and delamination.
Ensure that the interlayer is compatible with glazing sealants.

3.2.3 Heat Strengthened Glass

Heat strengthened glass must:
a. Comply with the requirements of SS 341 clause 3.2.
b. Be tempered on a roller hearth furnace eliminating tong marks
c. Conform to the following requirements in the horizontal heat treatment process:
i. Maximum bow 0.2%
ii. Roller wave: All thicknesses 0.15mm depth maximum between
peaks and troughs
iii. Edge dip: 0.25mm maximum
f. Have identification marks indicating its nature and processor.

3.2.4 Toughened Glass

Toughened glass must:
a. Comply with SS 341.
b. Be tempered on a roller hearth furnace eliminating tong marks
c. Conform to the following requirements in the horizontal toughening process:
i. Maximum bow: 0.2%
ii. Roller wave: All thicknesses 0.15mm depth maximum between
peaks and troughs
iii. Edge dip: 0.25mm maximum
g. Have identification marks indicating its nature and processor. Location to be
agreed with the SO.
Heat soak test all toughened glass for a minimum of 8 hours at 290 C, in accordance
with DIN 18516 Part 4, to convert all nickel sulphide inclusions greater than 40 µm in
diameter from the to the ß phase so that the glass will fracture in the test. After the

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test the probability of failure in service should be less than one in 130 tonnes. The
manufacturer must, upon request, show by statistical analysis of test data that the
probability of failure is not greater than the value quoted above.

3.2.5 Heat Treatment

Prior to heat treatment:
a. Grind flat edges to a small arris.
b. Dubb corners.
c. Grind out small shells and/or chips.
d. Maximum chip/shell diameter 2 mm.
Not more than four randomly placed chip/shells in any single pane of glass.

3.2.6 Insulating Glazed Units

Insulating glazing units must have:
a. Hermetically sealed complying with BS 5713.
b. Mechanically applied primary polyisobutylene seal located between glass and
spacer providing a continuous vapour proof barrier with a minimum width of 2mm
and a secondary two part silicone sealant extending around the perimeter of the
unit.
c. Aluminium alloy spacers with a natural or black finish and sufficient rigidity for
their purpose, which are formed to accommodate seals and contain desiccant.
d. All breather tubes nipped closed prior to installation.
e. All corners and joints fabricated to ensure a vapour tight construction.

3.2.7 Low Emissivity Coating

Low emissivity coating must have:
a. Emissivity less than 0.2.
b. Nominally neutral in colour and uniform in tone, hue, colour, texture, pattern and
opacity
c. Consistent appearance to the glazed units.

3.3 Aluminium Components

3.3.1 Extrusions
Designation 6063, temper T6 of BS 1474 unless otherwise agreed with the SO
Comply with BS EN 486, BS 8118, BS EN 573-3, BS 1161 and BS EN 755
Minimum wall thickness in structural parts to be 1.2mm
Platforms, webs, flanges, races and screw flutes of sufficient size to satisfy all
structural requirements and eliminate distortion of elements in the works.

3.3.2 Sheet, Strip and Plate

Alloy to comply with BS EN 485-3.

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Not less than 1.6mm thick for hidden flashings, not less than 2mm thick for
components exposed to view or to impact Stainless Steel Components.

3.3.3 Finishes to Aluminium

3.3.3.1 General
Shop finish all visible and all other surfaces of aluminium exposed to the external
environment, including drained and ventilated cavities and pressure equalisation
chambers. Finish after any fabrication processes likely to damage the finish i.e.
folding of sheet, but prior to assembly into units.
3.3.3.2 PVF2 Coating
Resin content 70%, to meet requirements of AAMA 2605.
Refer to the PSD for number of coats.
Apply a (3/2)       coat of PVF2 System.
3.3.3.3 Polyester Powder Coat
Heavy duty external grade polyester powder coat that conforms to AS 3715. Finish to
be applied to all internal surfaces.
3.3.3.4 Anodised Aluminium
Anodic oxidation of wrought aluminium to comply with AS 1231 with thickness grade
AA25.

3.4 Carbon Steel Components

3.4.1 General
Comply with structural specifications for requirements relating to secondary steel
framing.
Where used, comply with one of the following:
a. Hot rolled steel complying with the requirements of BS EN 10025.
b. Hot rolled sections to BS 4: Part 1, BS EN 10210-2 and BS EN 10021-1, tubes to
BS 6323: Parts 1, 2 & 3 and angles to BS 4848: Part 4.
c. Cold formed pre-galvanised steel sections to BS EN 10142, BS EN 10143, BS EN
10147
d. Steel sheet to BS 1449: Part 1.

3.4.2 Hot Dip Galvanising

All carbon steel components to be hot dip galvanised in accordance with BS ISO
1461.
Isolate all galvanised steel components in direct contact with cementitious surfaces
with thin dense PVC or EPDM isolation packs. Do not use bituminous paint.

3.4.3 Paint Finishes

For general requirement of applying paint on galvanised surfaces refer to structural
specifications.
Colours and gloss levels of any exposed items to the SO’s direction.

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Finished surfaces to be dense and consistent, free from flow lines, streaks, pin holes,
blisters, tears, lumps and other coating defects or surface imperfections when viewed
from a distance of 1 metre under normal diffused daylight.

3.5 Stainless Steel Components

3.5.1 General
Stainless steel components to be austenitic, complying with BS EN 10088 grades:
a. X2CrNi18-10 (formerly grade 304 S11) for concealed locations
b. X8CrNi18-9 (formerly grade 304 S31) for concealed locations
c. X2CrNiMo17-12-2 (formerly grade 316 S11) for exposed locations
d. X2CrNiMo18-14-3 (formerly grade 316 S13) for exposed locations

3.5.2 Plate, Sheet, Strip

Comply with BS EN ISO 3506-1 and BS EN ISO 3506-2.
Unless otherwise noted, grade 1.44xx (formerly 316) to be used for all visible
components, in all other circumstances grade 1.34xx (formerly 304) to be used.
Unless otherwise noted, grade A4 to be used for visible fasteners, in all other
circumstances grade A2 to be used.
Select the fastener property class so as to meet the performance criteria specified.

3.6 Timber
Unless otherwise specified all timber to be Kapur, Chengal or Balau
Moisture content when fitted to be between 10-15%, moisture content between
adjacent timbers to be no more than 3%.
Pressure impregnate all timber, impregnation system to approval of the SO.
Fire retardant treatment system to the approval of the SO. Season and kiln dry timber
after treatment.

3.6.1 Timber Surface Treatment

Refer to section A3-50 “External Timberwork” clause 3.3.

3.7 Frame Material Compatibility

Select, design and install different materials to prevent bimetallic corrosion.

3.8 Fixings and Fasteners

Use stainless steel fixings and fasteners with stainless steel and aluminium, or with
non-metallic components wherever wetting may occur.
a. Grade A4 to BS 6105 where visible
b. May be reduced to grade A2 to BS 6105 where not visible
Stainless steel fasteners may have hardened tips of other composition for self-drill
and self-tap screws only
Use carbon steel bolts with carbon steel components

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Ordinary bolts and nuts to BS EN 24032, BS EN 24033, BS EN 24034.All plain and

tapered washers to BS 4320, Form E.
Nuts to BS 4190 for grade 8.8.
The use of zinc plating to BS 1706 – Fe/Zn 8 is acceptable where serrated fixings are
used.

3.8.1 Anchors
Use stainless steel, galvanised steel or aluminium anchors and stainless steel fixings
wherever wetting may occur (including condensation).

3.9 Setting Blocks

Setting blocks to be Silicone Rubber, Polychloroprene or EPDM of appropriate
hardness and resistance to compression set.
Compounds must not leach out over time and cause staining, or deterioration of the
block.

3.10 Sealants
Select and install in accordance with BS 6213.
Silicone sealants to comply with BS 5889.
Polyurethane sealants to comply with BS 5215
Design sealant geometry (and cross section) to accommodate the anticipated
substrate movement.
Do not use acid curing sealants.
Non-structural sealants-approved low modulus silicone (exposed or concealed) or
approved polyurethane sealant (concealed)
Use in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions, particularly relating to the use
of primers.
Sealants are to have:
a. Backing rods- Non-gassing polyethylene closed cell foam
b. Primers and joint preparation materials- as recommended by the sealant
manufacturer.
Refer colour selection of any visibly exposed sealants to the SO.

3.11 Accessories

3.11.1 Hinges, Stays, Locks and Other Ironmongery

To manufacturer’s recommendation to comply with performance requirement and
subject to the SO’s acceptance.
Refer to the PSD for specific product selected for the project if any.
Use the following proprietary specific product or approved equivalent:
Component Product Brand Details e.g. Grade/Quality
Hinges

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Stays
Locks

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4.0 WORKMANSHIP

4.1 Fabrication

4.1.1 Methods
a. Select methods used for fabrication that will achieve the specified performance.
b. Use jigs and computer controlled tools wherever appropriate to achieve accuracy.
c. Use the correct tools for each task and equipment that is well maintained. Do not
use blunt and worn tools.
d. Carry out grinding, cutting, shaping and finishing materials using tools, techniques
and ancillary materials that will not contaminate windows components with
particles or substances which could disfigure, stain or corrode them.
e. Undertake the assembly of components under factory controlled conditions.

4.1.2 Marking
Mark strong points on components and materials for lifting, or to permit assembly or
installation in a particular sequence;
Clearly mark upper and lower faces, left and right handed pieces, top and bottom,
components and materials or lengths close but critically different from one another.
Ensure marks are removable or concealed when installed.

4.1.3 Fabrication Tolerances

4.1.3.1 Windows Framework
Achieve the following maximum allowable tolerances for all windows framework:
a. ±1.5 mm on length
b. ±1.5 mm on straightness
c. ±2° accuracy on angles
d. ±1mm on sides and ±2mm on diagonals of opening positions

4.1.3.2 Glazing
Achieve the following maximum allowable tolerances for individual panes of glass:
a. ±2.0 mm on height and width
b. ±1.0 mm on straightness of edges
c. Tolerances on insulating glazed units allowed by BS 5713.

4.1.4 Corner Joint Fabrication

Stake and crimp corners of windows.

4.1.5 Factory Glazing Work

a. Comply with the recommended guidelines set out in SS212 and BS 6262

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b. Remove any protective tapes from the edges of insulating glazed units.
c. All roller wave to be horizontal
d. Install glazing units with at least 5mm clearance at the sides and top from the
framing, and 6mm at the bottom with allowance for water to drain freely.
e. Install gaskets without incorrect distortion such as stretching or compression of
length, or folding back of wiper seals.

4.1.6 Factory Sealant Work

a. Apply and cure sealants in accordance with their manufacturer’s directions on
minimum and maximum temperature and RH conditions.
b. Achieve the depth to width geometry.
c. Prevent three-sided adhesion.
d. Use appropriate backer rods, tapes, surface preparation and primers as
manufacturer’s directions.
e. Tool off sealants neatly
f. Use small joint sealant in crevices where extrusions mitre together.

4.2 Installation

4.2.1 Line and Level Survey

Undertake a survey of line and level and condition of structure and openings to verify
acceptability to receive windows.

4.2.2 Setting-out Marks

Ensure marks are removable or concealed when windows are installed.

4.2.3 Handling of Materials and Components

Handle window by designed strong points only

4.2.4 Erection Tolerances

Install the sub-frames and the windows to the more onerous of the following
permitted deviations:
Horizontal and vertical position on ± 10 mm.
elevation from site datum
Horizontal position relative to ± 2 mm
adjoining wall finishes
Level: ± 2 mm in any one structural bay.
Plumb: ± 2 mm in any one-storey height.
Plane: ± 2 mm in any one storey height or structural
bay width.
Intersection: ± 2 mm in alignment in any direction between
any two adjoining windows

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4.2.5 Window Anchors

Verify correct location and fixing onto the building structure

4.2.6 Head and Subsills

Install head and subsills with end dams and complete seals internally and to
substrates.
Secure head and subsills into window opening to resist loading as specified herein
Install window unit into sub head / sub sill system to resist loading and weather
penetration and to allow for building movements
Incorporate any drains and ventilation holes from the sub-sill.

4.2.7 Installation of Fixings

Install fixings in accordance with their manufacturer’s instructions and procedures.
The strength grade combination of bolts, nuts and washers to be as prescribed or
recommended in British Standards.
Use a torque spanner to achieve correct tightening of fixings to achieve correct
tension load and avoid under / overstressing,
Use lock-nuts to prevent loosening.
At least one clear thread to show above the nut.
Where required seal the heads of bolts and fixings.

4.2.8 Site Glazing Work

Comply with the recommended guidelines set out in BS 6262
Remove any protective tapes from the edges of insulating glazed units.
All roller waves to be horizontal
Install glazing units with at least 5mm clearance at the sides and top from the
framing, and 6mm at the bottom with allowance for water to drain freely.
Install gaskets without incorrect distortion such as stretching or compression of
length, or folding back of wiper seals.

4.2.9 Site Sealant Work

Apply and cure sealants in accordance with their manufacturer’s directions on
minimum and maximum temperature and RH conditions.
Achieve the depth to width geometry.
Prevent three-sided adhesion.
Use appropriate backer rods, tapes, surface preparation and primers as
manufacturer’s directions.
Tool off sealants neatly.

4.3 Protection and Cleaning

Protect vulnerable coated surfaces; glass, metal edges, corners and features. Apply
temporary removable protection against damage from following trades or operations
and the anticipated hazards.

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Materials used for temporary protection to be compatible with and subsequently

removed from the surface and finishes without detriment to the finish. The
component suppliers and finishers must approve methods for removal.
Unless agreed otherwise by the SO protection should remain in place until all work
potentially damaging to the components or their finish has been undertaken.
Replace any damaged components in the windows. Concession to this requirement
will only be given if the contractors proposed repair procedure is authorised by the
SO and complete and warranted repair of the damage is achieved.

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5.0 VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSION

5.1 Submissions

5.1.1 Tender Submissions

Submit the following information with the tender:
a. Name of the window frame manufacturer including copies of technical data
relating to the proposed frame section and detailed sections through the head, sill
and jamb.
b. Name of the glass supplier and including copies of technical data relating to glass
(for complying and alternatives).
c. Glazing methods proposed and methods of dealing with mitred corners of
gaskets.
d. Name of proposed sub-contractor(s) if any.
e. Track record of the window manufacturers’ current or completed similar jobs
during the previous 5 years and details of quality control procedures adopted.

5.1.2 Work Submissions

Submit the following for SO’s acceptance prior to commencing fabrication and
installation works:
a. Method statements including methods and sequence of construction.
b. Detailed drawings
At a scale of no less than 1:2 illustrating the head, sill and jamb conditions, and their
relationship to adjacent surfaces including tolerances, sealant application, backing
rods and bond release tapes, internal finishes. Where relevant include for all changes
in window direction in horizontal or vertical plane.
5.1.2.1 Shop Drawings
a. Elevation of all windows at scale 1:10 including location of fixings, hinges and
handles.
b. Section through the head, sill, jam including adjacent surfaces and any change in
direction at a scale of 1:2.
Do not commence fabrication until shop drawings have been reviewed and
permission to proceed has been obtained from the SO. Allow 21 days for the SO
review
5.1.2.2 Certification of Materials
Provide the SO with certification from the manufacturer of the following materials/
components, certifying that the respective material is of the correct grade, strength,
size, finish, etc, and is in accordance with the relevant codes and standards
specified.
a. Glass
b. Frame finish
c. Sealant compatibility

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5.1.3 Maintenance Submissions

Include the following information in the maintenance manual and logbook.
a. Cleaning methods for glazing and metal
b. Maintenance of hinges and handles

5.1.4 Warranty
Submit the warranty for the SO’s acceptance upon completion of the works.

5.1.5 Quality Control Plan Submission

Prepare and submit the quality control plan for SO’s acceptance prior to starting work.

5.2 Samples and Mock-ups

5.2.1 Samples
Submit one sample of each window type including glazing and proposed hardware for
the SO’s acceptance prior to ordering material. All approved samples to be kept in
site store for reference.
Submit also sample of hinges and handles and other ironmongeries for acceptance
prior to fabrication.

5.2.2 Visual Mock-ups

Refer to the PSD for requirement of mock-up panels for the project, if any.
Provide a visual mock-ups for the project as follows:
Mock-up Requirements Due Date

5.2.3 Performance Mock-ups

Refer to the PSD for requirements of mock-up panels for the project, if any.
A performance test is not required.
If required, the sample shall consists of the following windows:
Window Type Number

If required the window system shall be tested to SS381.

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5.3 Inspections
No items.

5.4 Tests

5.4.1 Glass testing

Demonstrate by the prime manufacturers testing that the surface compressive stress
in the glass meets the requirements of SS 341 clause 3.2.

5.4.2 Field Testing

Carry out field testing in accordance with the following:
Frequency of
TYPE OF TEST Testing

Is / Is not
* Required
Building and Construction Authority
(CONQUAS 21) Water-tightness Test for
Windows
Is / Is not
* Required
AAMA 501

When required, carry out field testing as specified in the PSD (in accordance with
AAMA 501 and/or the Building and Construction Authority (CONQUAS 21)
Watertightness Test for Windows, and/or other test method approved by the SO). The
locations of tests to be agreed with the SO prior to commencement

5.4.3 Aluminium Finishes Testing

Measure film thickness in four locations on every tenth window and report results to
the SO. Do not install windows until the SO has first test result of.
Carry out adhesion test in a location not visible after the window has been installed.

5.4.4 Sealant Testing

5.4.4.1 Compatibility
Provide test certificates for each sealant used to confirm compatibility of the sealant
with all surrounding materials including finishes (PVF2, paint etc.), glass coatings,
glazing gaskets, setting blocks, spacers, backing fin, steel, aluminium, etc.
Compatibility means that the sealant will not cause staining of the adjacent material
at any time during the service life of the facade, nor will the adjacent material affect
the performance of the sealant.
5.4.4.2 Weatherseals and Air seals
Test wet sealants prior to installation on site. Check at least 3 tests of each type of
detail, at 3 separate locations, using the "Hand Pull" method to ASTM C794-01.
Test dry weather seals (gaskets) and air seals in the actual position and on the actual
substrates for the relevant seal.

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