Maniago V CA - Jasper

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Maniago v CA| G.R. No. 104392 February 20, 1996 | of the Rules of Court in 1988.

In other
Mendoza, J. | Separate Action filed by the Accused| by words the right of the injured party to sue
Jasper separately for the recovery of the civil
liability whether arising from crimes (ex
FACTS: delicto) or from quasi delict under Art.
● One of the shuttle buses owned by petitioner 2176 of the Civil Code must be reserved
Ruben Maniago, and driven by Herminio Andaya, otherwise they will be deemed instituted
figured in a vehicular accident with a passenger with the criminal action.
jeepney owned by respondent Boado along Loakan d. Madeja v. Caro was cited by the court in
Road, Baguio City. support of their judgment that reservation
● They were set to transport employees of Texas was required. In the said case, the civil
Instrument Philippines to their plant site in Loakan. action proceeded pending the criminal
● A criminal case for reckless imprudence resulting in case because the widow had expressly
damage to property and multiple physical injuries reserved her right to file for such action.
was filed against petitioner’s driver. e. Said requirement does not impair,
● A month later, respondent Boado filed a civil case diminish, or defeat substantive rights but
for damages against petitioner Maniago himself. merely regulates exercise of such in the
Petitioner moved that the civil case be suspended interest of orderly procedure. It is for the
citing that a criminal case was already pending practical reason avoiding the filing of more
against his driver. than one action for the same act or
● The trial court denied the motion on the ground omission against the same party
that the civil action could proceed independently of RULING: WHEREFORE, the decision appealed from is
the criminal action. REVERSED and the complaint against petitioner is
● On appeal to CA via certiorari and prohibition, DISMISSED.
petitioner reiterated his contention adding that the
civil action could not proceed because no
reservation to bring it separately was made in the
criminal case.
● CA affirmed the trial court’s decision citing Garcia v.
Florido & Abellana v. Marave which held that a civil
action for damages may be filed independently of a
criminal action despite having no reservation of
such.
Boado: No dispute that no reservation has been made to file
independently; Cites Art. 2176 & 2177 as substantive rights
which enforcement cannot rest on reservation to enforce
them;
Maniago: Cites Rule 111 of the Revised Rules of Criminal
Procedure that although a civil action under Art. 2176 &
2177 of the Civil Code may be brought separately from the
criminal action, the right to bring it must still be reserved.
Hence, the civil action, because of non-reservation, is
deemed to be impliedly instituted in the criminal case
against his employee.
ISSUES/RATIO:
1. Whether or not the civil action may proceed
independently of the criminal action when no
reservation of right to bring it separately was made
a. NO; must be reserved first
b. We have reached the conclusion that the
right to bring an action for damages under
the Civil Code must be reserved as
required by Rule III, Sec 1, otherwise it
should be dismissed .
c. To begin with, Sec 1 quite clearly requires
that a reservation must be made to
institute separately all civil actions for the
recovery of civil liability, otherwise they
will be deemed to have been instituted
with the criminal case. Such civil actions
are not limited to those which arise “from
the offense charged,” as originally
provided in Rule III before the amendment

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