This document provides a summary of Greek mythology concepts covered in a 1st term English reviewer, including:
1) Key figures in the creation of the world like Gaia, Uranus, the Titans like Cronus and the Olympians like Zeus.
2) Stories of the creation of mankind by Prometheus and Epimetheus and the first woman, Pandora.
3) Descriptions of the 12 major Olympian gods including Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, and Aphrodite.
4) Brief summaries of 8 classic Greek myths about love including Pyramus and Thisbe, Orpheus and Eurydice, and Pygmalion and Galatea.
This document provides a summary of Greek mythology concepts covered in a 1st term English reviewer, including:
1) Key figures in the creation of the world like Gaia, Uranus, the Titans like Cronus and the Olympians like Zeus.
2) Stories of the creation of mankind by Prometheus and Epimetheus and the first woman, Pandora.
3) Descriptions of the 12 major Olympian gods including Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, and Aphrodite.
4) Brief summaries of 8 classic Greek myths about love including Pyramus and Thisbe, Orpheus and Eurydice, and Pygmalion and Galatea.
This document provides a summary of Greek mythology concepts covered in a 1st term English reviewer, including:
1) Key figures in the creation of the world like Gaia, Uranus, the Titans like Cronus and the Olympians like Zeus.
2) Stories of the creation of mankind by Prometheus and Epimetheus and the first woman, Pandora.
3) Descriptions of the 12 major Olympian gods including Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, and Aphrodite.
4) Brief summaries of 8 classic Greek myths about love including Pyramus and Thisbe, Orpheus and Eurydice, and Pygmalion and Galatea.
This document provides a summary of Greek mythology concepts covered in a 1st term English reviewer, including:
1) Key figures in the creation of the world like Gaia, Uranus, the Titans like Cronus and the Olympians like Zeus.
2) Stories of the creation of mankind by Prometheus and Epimetheus and the first woman, Pandora.
3) Descriptions of the 12 major Olympian gods including Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, and Aphrodite.
4) Brief summaries of 8 classic Greek myths about love including Pyramus and Thisbe, Orpheus and Eurydice, and Pygmalion and Galatea.
o mhûtos meaning "word of mouth" (Greek Rhea word) o swallowed his children: after o considered both education and hearing about a prophecy entertainment that one of his children would o natural events (i.e. rain, sun, stars and dethrone him lighting etc.) ZEUS (Jupiter) o way of gods o was secretly hidden at crete o usually consists of heroines, immortals, or o defeated: Cronus and the Titans gods and goddesses with his siblings and Prometheus HOW THE WORLD AND MANKIND (Son of Titan Iapetus); Typhon WAS CREATED and Giants o ruled the Heavens with his brothers and sisters TWO STORIES OF CREATION OF MAN o EPIMETHEUS (afterthought) gave the best gifts to animals until there was nothing left to protect men o PROMETHEUS (forethought) gave men: the ability to stand upright; fire GOD CREATED MEN (Races) GOLDEN o no sorrow, toil or pain MOTHER EARTH (Gaea) o pure spirits in death ♥ SILVER FATHER HEAVEN (Ouranus) o kept injuring each other, o HUNDRED HANDS AND FIFTY HEADS because they had little (Hecatoncheires) intelligence ● monstrous o their spirits did not live on ● imprisoned afternoon death ● strong BRASS/BRONZE o CYCLOPS o loved war and violence, ● wheel-eyed destroyed each other with ● powerful their own hands ● gigantic GODLIKE HEROES o TITANS o fought glorious wars and ● not destructive went on great adventures CRONUS (Saturn) o wounded his Father; became Lord of the IRON Universe o lives in evil times o born from Heaven's blood: o their nature has too much evil o Giants that they can never escape o Erinyes (The Furies) toil and sorrow "those who walk in the darkness"
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PANDORA o symbol/s: vulture, dog o "the gift of all" HEPHAESTUS (Vulcan) o first women; an evil to men o God of Fire, Crafts, and Forging; o made out of Zeus' anger at Prometheus known as the only ugly one (lame); o PANDORA's BOX: given by the gods; Protector of the Smiths source of misfortune o symbol/s: donkey, crane, anvil Pandora opened the box and released ATHENA (Minerva) sorrow and plagues for mankind, but also "Pallas Athena" hope— mankind's sole comfort in o Goddess of Wisdom, Battle Strategy, misfortune Reason; Goddess of the City; Favorite II. THE 12 GREAT OLYMPIANS Daughter of Zeus; no mother bore "the 12 great Olympians were supreme her; sprang from Zeus' Head among the gods who succeeded to the Titans. o symbol/s: owl, olive tree they were called the Olympians because APOLLO Olympus was their home." “Phoebus Apollo” ZEUS (Jupiter) o God of Light, Truth, Music, Medicine, "god of all gods" and Archery; Archer-god; Healer; twin o Supreme Ruler; Lord of the Sky; of Artemis; most Greek among the Rain-God; Cloud-Gatherer; God of gods Lightning and Thunder o symbol/s: laurel tree, golden lyre, o symbol/s: eagle, oak tree, aegis, dolphin, crow, Phython, bow and thunderbolt arrow POSEIDON (Neptune) ARTEMIS (Diana) o Ruler of the Sea; God of the Sea, o Goddess of e Wilderness and Hunt, Earthquakes, and Horses; Archery; Lady of Wild Things; Earth-shaker Moon-Goddess; twin of Apollo; one of o symbol/s: horse, dolphin, bull, trident the virgin goddesses HADES (Pluto) o symbol/s: Cypress, deer, wolves, o God of the Underworld; God of moon, bow and arrow (silver arrows) Wealth; Ruler of the Death HERMES (Mercury) o symbol/s: screech owl, invisible o God of Commerce and the Market; helmet, Cerberus Protector of Trades, Zeus' Messenger; HESTIA (Vesta) Master Thief; Divine Herald; leads o Goddess of the Hearth; Symbol of souls to their last home Home; one of the virgin goddesses o symbol/s: Caduceus, rooster, satchel, o symbol/s: fire, home, donkey winged sandals and cap(low-crowned HERA (Juno) hat) o Goddess (and Protector) of Marriage APHRODITE (Venus) and Birth; Queen of all Gods; o Goddess of Love, Beauty, Fertility and punished the women Zeus fell in love Pleasure with o symbol/s: turtle-dove, sparrow, rose, o symbol/s: cow, peacock, Argos myrtle tree, swan ARES (Mars) o God of War and Violence; both parents detested him; had an affair with Aphrodite III. EIGHT BRIEF TALES OF LOVE
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PYRAMUS AND THISBE ❖ his limbs gathered in a tomb at the Characters: foot of Mount Olympus, Nightingales o Pyramus- most beautiful youth never sang as sweetly as they did o Thisbe- loveliest maiden there Setting: o Babylon, Tomb of Nimbus CEYX AND ALCYONE Origin: mulberry tree Characters: Moral: love is strong and hard to break; o Ceyx- a king in Thessaly; son of always listen to your parents (they know Lucifer; light bearer what’s best for you) o Alcyone- Ceyx’s wife; daughter of ❖ forbidden love; similar to Romeo and Aeolus, king of winds Juliet o Juno (Hera)- goddess, Alcyone prayed ❖ Pyramus thought the lioness killed to Thisbe = stabbed himself with his o Iris- messenger of Juno sword o Somnus- god of sleep ❖ Thisbe declared that even death could o Morpheus- son of Somnus who went not separate them from each other to the dreams of Alcyone to inform ORPHEUS AND EURYDICE her of her husband’s passing Characters: Setting: Thessaly, Shore o Orpheus- greatest performer; son of Origin: Halcyone Day the muses and a Thracian Prince Moral: real love can last for eternity even if o Eurydice- lover of Oprheus, who had the future is unknown found her on the Siren’s Island Setting: Underworld, Thrace, Mount Olympus PYGMALION AND GALATEA Origin: Characters: Moral: death can’t separate two lovers, even o Pygmalion- a sculptor of Cyprus who if the two were meant to be separated for was known to be a “women-hater” good (or misogynist) ❖ on the day of their wedding, Eurydice o Galatea- a statue that was created by was stung by a viper and died Pygmalion, transformed into an actual ❖ Orpheus traveled to the underworld person with the help of Venus to retrieve Eurydice, and then played o Venus (Aphrodite)- gave life to irresistible tunes to both, Hades and Galatea as she favored Pygmalion’s Persephone. Persephone pleaded to prayer and was interested in Hades to give the Orpheus another Pygmalion as he was a new kind of chance, Hades agreed in line with an lover agreement. That Orpheus is not to Setting: Cyprus look back/at Eurydice as they return Origin: — Earth. Orpheus looked back too soon Moral: there is a thin line between love and and Eurydice then disappeared, gone hate, especially if one can learn to love forever. something or someone they once dreaded ❖ was killed by a band of Maenads, who pulled apart his limbs and flung his BAUCIS AND PHILEMON head into River Hebrus Characters: ❖ Muses, found his head and buried it in o Baucis and Philemon- poor folk; the sanctuary of the island married couple
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o Jupiter and Mercury (Zeus and o Daphne- determined to remain Hermes)- disguised as two beggars as unmarried and untouched; huntress; they were testing people’s hospitality follower of Artemis Setting: Phrygian o Apollo- fell in love with Daphne as Origin: two trees, oak and linden soon as he saw her; chased her Moral: treat everyone well because you never o Peneus- river-god, Father of Daphne, know when you'll find yourself in the turned her into a laurel tree presence of a god Setting: — ❖ Jupiter and Mercury then reveal Origin: Laurel tree themselves as gods, and they drown Moral: what happens if you refuse a god; the rest of the people of Phrygia with supposedly it is a reward for Daphne that she a flood, sparing only Baucis and was turned into a tree as she is immortalized Philemon, and transforming their in legend, but in reality she is being punished shack into a magnificent temple. Then for refusing a god they offer to grant any wish for the ❖ Apollo pursues her relentlessly, and old couple, and Baucis and Philemon the panicked Daphne calls out for ask only that they should never have help to her father, the river god to live apart, but might die together Pentheus, as she approaches his river. ❖ The gods grant this wish, and Baucis Pentheus transforms Daphne into a and Philemon live to an old age as laurel tree before Apollo can catch priests in their temple-house. When her. Apollo then declares that the they die, the gods transform them laurel will be his sacred tree from now into two trees, an oak and a linden, on, and it now symbolizes music and growing together out of one trunk. victory ENDYMION Characters: ALPHEUS AND ARETHUSA o Selene- Moon Goddess, said to be the Characters: actual reincarnation of the moon o Alpheus- river-god; river in Greece o Endymion- young shepherd with o Arethusa- huntress; follower of surpassing beauty (some call him a Artemis; turned into a spring of water hunter and king aswell) in Sicily o Zeus- granted Selene’s request to give o Artemis- turned Artemis into a spring him immortal youth but eternal sleep of water and made a tunnel for the aswell water to flow to Sicily Setting: Mount Latmus Setting: Ortygia, Greece and Sicily Origin: — Origin: Arethusa Spring/Arethusa’s Well Moral: watch out for what we wish for; love Moral: (similar to Daphne’s) it is unfortunate has two sides, happy and sad to be loved by a god, but it is even worse to ❖ She kisses him one night and puts him reject that love; supposedly Arethusa is in a magical sleep so that she can visit rewarded by becoming a famous spring, but him whenever she wants. He remains she still cannon escape Alpheus so it’s more of sleeping forever, and Selene is always a punishment tormented by longing for him ❖ Arethusa still cannot escape Alpheus, however. He changes back into a river DAPHNE and follows Arethusa through her Characters: tunnel so that their waters mingle
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together. Because of this, there is a Facts and Statistics connection between the Alpheus river o When truthful information is given to in Greece and Arethusa’s well in Sicily back up a point. e.g. 95% of pupils feel that there is too much IV. PERSUASIVE ESSAY WRITING homework. Seeks to convince its readers to embrace the Groups of Three point-of-view presented by appealing to the o When 3 adjectives or phrases are used to audience’s reason and understanding through emphasize a point. argument and/or entreaty. (OWL, n.d.) e.g. Homework is boring, dull and In persuasive writing, the main aim is to uninteresting. influence the way a reader thinks, feels and Criticize the other person’s point of view acts. (Camp, 2007) o When you pick holes in your opposition’s o TV commercials argument so that your point of view o Letters to the editor sounds better. o Junk mail Personal Pronouns o Magazine ads o Using words like ‘we’, ‘you’, ‘our’ and ‘us’ o College brochures to make your audience think you are STEPS ON WRITING A PERSUASIVE ESSAY talking only to them. 1) Understand your audience. e.g. We can beat this disease together! 2) Support your opinion. ‘It is clear to us all that we should oppose this 3) Know the various sides of your issue. motion….’ 4) Respectfully address other points of view. 5) Find common ground with your audience. 6) Establish your credibility. Rhetorical question o A question that is asked which makes the reader think. e.g. How would you feel if you had 2 hours of homework every night? Repetition o Words or phrases are repeated so that they stick in the reader’s mind. e.g. remember what is was like to be at school, remember how much work you had. Emotive Language o When words are used to make the reader feel a certain emotion, like sadness or anger. e.g. We are the poor, helpless children who are forced to do hours and hours of homework every night. Exaggeration o When information is given that is over the top, or slightly untrue. e.g. If I get set one more homework I am going to move to the moon!