Scribd
Upload
44 views

1-Introduction To Design

The document discusses key considerations in engineering design including defining needs, satisfying functions, ensuring safety and reliability, competitive factors, and manufacturability. It outlines the design process from preliminary to detailed phases involving concept development, analysis, iteration, and documentation. Uncertainty in design is addressed through deterministic and stochastic methods. Economics, codes and standards, tools like CAD and CAE, and project reporting are also covered at a high level.

Uploaded by

Filipe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
44 views

1-Introduction To Design

The document discusses key considerations in engineering design including defining needs, satisfying functions, ensuring safety and reliability, competitive factors, and manufacturability. It outlines the design process from preliminary to detailed phases involving concept development, analysis, iteration, and documentation. Uncertainty in design is addressed through deterministic and stochastic methods. Economics, codes and standards, tools like CAD and CAE, and project reporting are also covered at a high level.

Uploaded by

Filipe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN

Sources:
Shigley, J.E., Mischke, C.R., Budynas, R.C., Mechanical Engineering Design
Y.B. Guo, ME 350 Static Machine Components, Lecture Note
#1 BAE 417-Design of Machine Systems
Glen Prater, Jr., ME 422 – Machine Design I
Design General Definition
“To design is either to formulate a plan for
the satisfaction of a specified need or to solve
a problem.”

• Applications of the principles of mechanics


and materials to design and analyze
machine components to meet the function
requirements
Design Considerations
• A design must be:
– Functional- fill a need or customer expectation
– Safe- not hazardous to users or bystanders
– Reliable- conditional probability that product will
perform its intended function without failure to a
certain age.
– Competitive- contender in the market
– Usable- accommodates human size and strength
– Manufacturable- minimal number of parts and suitable
for production
– Marketable- product can be sold and serviced
Design Considerations

Traditional Modern Miscellaneous


• Materials • Safety • Reliability &
• Geometry • Ecology maintainability
• Operating conditions • Quality of life • Ergonomics
• Cost • Aesthetics
• Availability
• Manufacturability
• Component life
Design Tools
• Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
– AutoCAD, Pro/Engineer, SolidWorks
• Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)
– Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
• ANSYS, ABAQUS, …
– Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
• CFD++, FLUENT, …
Design Process
Design Process
Preliminary Design Phase
• Often the first step in which a designer becomes
involved, and may not involve intense iteration.
In this phase, we deal with the entire machine:
–Define function
–Identify constraints involving cost, size, etc.
–Develop alternative conceptions of mechanism/process
combinations that can satisfy the constraints
–Perform supporting analyses (thermodynamic, heat
transfer, fluid mechanics, kinematics, force, stress,
life, cost, compatibility with special constraints)
–Select the best mechanism
–Document the design
Intermediate Design Phase
• Generally occurs after preliminary design, but the two
phases may overlap. Intermediate design always
involves iterations. In this phase, we deal with
individual components of the machine:
– Identify components
– Define component functions
– Identify constraints involving cost, size, etc.
– Develop tentative conceptions of the components
mechanism/process combinations using good form
synthesis principles
– Perform supporting analyses (including analyses at each
critical point in each component)
– Select the best component designs
– Document component designs; prepare a layout drawing
Detail Design Phase
• Subsequent to intermediate design. In this
phase, we deal with individual
components of the machine and the
machine as a whole:
–Select manufacturing and assembly processes
–Specify dimensions and tolerances
–Prepare component detail drawings
–Prepare assembly drawings
Codes and Standards
• Code- a set of specifications for
the analysis, design, manufacture,
and construction of something
• Standard- a set of specifications for
parts, materials, or processes intended to
achieve uniformity, efficiency, and a
specified quality
Economics
Strength, safety, reliability, and cost are perhaps the most important
design considerations. In general the design alternative that satisfies other
design considerations at the lowest costs is to be preferred. Issues affecting
the “cost” of a design include:

• Product development costs


• Material choice
• Manufacturing processes involved
• Economies of scale
• Tolerances specified
• Use of standard sizes and
components
Economics

Tolerances Specified
Uncertainty
• Sources of Uncertainty
– Random variables associated with material processing result in
strength distributions that vary from sample to sample. Some
samples will have strengths greater than the specified value. Others
– hopefully a very few – will have strengths lower than the
specified value.
– Statistical scatter in critical dimensions specified into the
design during the detail design phase due to imperfections in
manufacturing processes.
– Approximations used in the analytical expressions used to
perform design calculations.
– Inexact knowledge of the magnitude and tie history of
external loads.
– Effect of corrosion and wear on strengths.
Dealing With Uncertainty
Deterministic Design Methods
Permissible Stress Method
• Permissible stress in a design is based upon a fraction of material
strength. The actual fraction is based upon experience with successful
designs. Still used by civil engineers and for the design of weldments.
Design Factor Method
• There is a difference between a design goal, which may be based
upon experience (often involving load) and design realization which is
based upon a specific failure criterion (often involving stress) quantified
by a strength value:

strength
all
nmd
n design factor
m exponent in the load to strength relationsh ip
stress
Dealing With Uncertainty
Stochastic Design Methods
Stochastic Design Factor Method
• Stochastic means involving random variables, and uncertainty in
strength and stress can be statistically quantified.
• The design factor equation can then be adapted to use to determine a
mean design factor. For a linear load stress relationship:

S
all
nd
n mean design factor
S mean strength
all mean allowable stress

Stochastic Method
• Does not use a design factor. Based upon the concept of reliability, R:
0 R 1.0
Project Report
• The final report should include:
• Cover & Title Page
• Table of Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Executive Summary
• Introduction
• Literature survey
• Underlying engineering principles
• Solution methodology
• Data collection
• Implementation and evaluation
• Discussion and analysis
• Concluding remarks: A critical appraisal of the project
• Acknowledgments
• References: Books, papers, lecture notes, … etc
• Appendices: Relevant information listing all support material

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy