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Types of Shafts: 1. Transmission Shafts. These Shafts Transmit Power

The document discusses different types of shafts used to transmit power, including transmission shafts that carry machine parts like pulleys and gears, and machine shafts that are integral parts of machines. It also outlines standard sizes for transmission shafts and the stresses induced in shafts, such as shear stresses from torque transmission and bending stresses from forces on machine elements. Maximum permissible working stresses for transmission shafts are provided according to ASME codes. The design of shafts is also discussed, considering cases where shafts experience torque only, bending only, or combined loads, as well as how to calculate torque applied to a shaft.

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Theod S. Vila
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130 views

Types of Shafts: 1. Transmission Shafts. These Shafts Transmit Power

The document discusses different types of shafts used to transmit power, including transmission shafts that carry machine parts like pulleys and gears, and machine shafts that are integral parts of machines. It also outlines standard sizes for transmission shafts and the stresses induced in shafts, such as shear stresses from torque transmission and bending stresses from forces on machine elements. Maximum permissible working stresses for transmission shafts are provided according to ASME codes. The design of shafts is also discussed, considering cases where shafts experience torque only, bending only, or combined loads, as well as how to calculate torque applied to a shaft.

Uploaded by

Theod S. Vila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Shafts

The following two types of shafts are important from


the subject point of view :
1. Transmission shafts. These shafts transmit power
between the source and the machines absorbing
power. The counter shafts, line shafts, over head
shafts and all factory shafts are transmission shafts.
Since these shafts carry machine parts such as pulleys,
gears etc., therefore they are subjected to bending in
addition to twisting.
2. Machine shafts. These shafts form an integral part
of the machine itself. The crank shaft is an example of
machine shaft.
Standard Sizes of Transmission Shafts
25 mm to 60 mm with 5 mm steps; 60 mm to
110 mm with 10 mm steps ; 110 mm to 140
mm with 15 mm steps ; and 140 mm to 500
mm with 20 mm steps.
The standard length of the shafts are 5 m, 6 m
and 7 m.
Stresses in Shafts
The following stresses are induced in the shafts :
1. Shear stresses due to the transmission of
torque (i.e. due to torsional load).
2. Bending stresses (tensile or compressive)
due to the forces acting upon machine
elements like gears, pulleys etc. as well as due
to the weight of the shaft itself.
3. Stresses due to combined torsional and
bending loads.
Maximum Permissible Working Stresses
for Transmission Shafts
According to American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) code for the design of
transmission shafts, the maximum permissible
working stresses in tension or compression
may be taken as
(a) 112 MPa for shafts without allowance for
keyways.
(b) 84 MPa for shafts with allowance for
keyways.
The maximum permissible shear stress may be
taken as `
(a) 56 MPa for shafts without allowance for key
ways.
(b) 42 MPa for shafts with allowance for
keyways.
Design of Shafts
The shafts may be designed on the basis of
1. Strength, and 2. Rigidity and stiffness.
In designing shafts on the basis of strength, the following
cases may be considered :
(a) Shafts subjected to twisting moment or torque only,
(b) Shafts subjected to bending moment only,
(c) Shafts subjected to combined twisting and bending
moments, and
(d) Shafts subjected to axial loads in addition to
combined torsional and bending loads.
Shafts Subjected to Twisting Moment
Only
When the shaft is subjected to a twisting
moment (or torque) only, then the diameter of
the shaft may be obtained by using the torsion
equation. We know that
T/J=τ/r ...(i)
where T = Twisting moment (or torque) acting upon
the shaft,
J = Polar moment of inertia of the shaft about the
axis of rotation,
τ = Torsional shear stress, and
r = Distance from neutral axis to the outer most
fibre
= d / 2; where d is the diameter of the shaft.
The twisting moment (T) may be obtained by using the
following relation :
We know that the power transmitted (in watts) by the shaft,
P =2πN.T/60
or T =P*60/2πN
where T = Twisting moment in N-m, and
N = Speed of the shaft in r.p.m.
In case of belt drives, the twisting moment ( T ) is given by
T = (T1 – T2 ) R
where T1 and T2 = Tensions in the tight side and slack side of
the belt respectively, and
R = Radius of the pulley.

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