B.A\B.Sc.

- Part III

MATHEMATICS

For Session 2019- 20, 2020-21, 2021-22

Department of Mathematics
Punjabi University Patiala
 B.A\B.Sc.- Vth and VI th Semester

MATHEMATICS

For Session 2019- 20, 2020-21, 2021-22

SEMESTER-V

Code Title of Paper/Subject Max. Marks Total

Cont. Univ.
Asmt. Exam.

Paper-I Algebra - I 10 40 50

Paper- II Discrete Mathematics- I 10 40 50

Opt. I Mathematical Methods-I 10 40 50

Opt.-II Number Theory-I 10 40 50

SEMESTER-VI

Code Title of Paper/Subject Max. Cont. Marks Total

Asmt. Univ.
Exam.

Paper-III Algebra - II 10 40 50

Paper- IV Discrete Mathematics- II 10 40 50

Opt. III Mathematical Methods-II 10 40 50

Opt. IV Number Theory-II 10 40 50

 B.A\B.Sc.- V TH Semester

Paper-I: ALGEBRA - I
Maximum Marks: 50 EXT:- 40/ INT:10
Time allowed: 3 Hrs.
Teaching hours: 50 Minimum Pass Marks: 35%
Lectures to be delivered: 5 periods
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER
The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have
four questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus and Section C will consist
of one compulsory question having eight short answer type questions covering the entire
syllabus uniformly. The weightage of Section A and B will be 60% and that of Section C
will be 40%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting two questions from each
of the Section A and B and compulsory question of Section C.

Section-A

Group: definition, examples, subgroups, counting Principle, Langrange's theorem, Normal

subgroups, Quotient groups, Homomorphisms, Fundamental theorem of homomorphism
and related theorems. Cyclic Groups.

Section- B

Rings: Definition and examples of Rings, Elementary properties of Rings. Sub-rings,

Homomorphism, ideals and Quotient Rings, Field of Quotient of Integral domain,
division rings . Euclidean Rings, Principal ideals, examples.

Recommended books:

1. Text book on Algebra and Theory of equations by Chandrika Prasad.Pothishala

Pvt. Ltd.
2. Herstein, I.N.: Topics in Algebra
3. Linear Algebra by Schaum Outline series.
4. Surjeet Singh and Qazi Zameeruddin: Modern Algebra (Relevant portion)
 PAPER II : Discrete Mathematics- I

Maximum Marks: 50 EXT:- 40/ INT:10

Time allowed: 3 Hrs.
Teaching hours: 50 Minimum Pass Marks: 35%
Lectures to be delivered: 5 periods

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have
four questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus and Section C will consist
of one compulsory question having eight short answer type questions covering the entire
syllabus uniformly. The weightage of Section A and B will be 60% and that of Section C
will be 40%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting two questions from each
of the Section A and B and compulsory question of Section C.

SECTION-A
Principle of inclusion and exclusion. Computability and Formal Languages-Ordered Sets.
Languages. Phrase Structure Grammars. Types of Grammars. Types of Grammars and
Languages. Permutation. Combinations and Discrete Probability. Relations and Function-
Binary Relations. Equivalence Relations and Partitions. Partial Order Relations and
Lattices. Chains and Antichains. Pigeon Hole Principle

SECTION-B
Graphs and Planar Graphs-Basic Terminology. Multigraphs. Weighted Graphs. Paths and
Circuits Shortest paths. Eulerian Paths and Circuits. Travelling Salesman Problem. Planar
Graphs. Trees. Definition and Examples of Finite State Machines-Equivalent Machines
and Finite State Machines as Language Recognizers.
 RECOMMENDED TEXT

1. C. L. Liu, Elements of Discrete Mathematics (Second Edition), McGraw Hill, International Edition,
Computer Science Series, 1986.

2. Dr. Babu Ram, Discrete Mathematics.

REFERENCES

1. J. Glen Brookshear, Computer Science: An Overview, Addition-Wesley.

2. Stanley B. Lippyman, Josee Lojoie, C Primer (3rd Edition), Addison-Wesley.

 Opt.-I : : MATHEMATICAL METHODS- I
Maximum Marks: 50 EXT:- 40/ INT:10
Time allowed: 3 Hrs.
Teaching hours: 50 Minimum Pass Marks: 35%
Lectures to be delivered: 5 periods

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have
four questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus and Section C will consist
of one compulsory question having eight short answer type questions covering the entire
syllabus uniformly. The weightage of Section A and B will be 60% and that of Section C
will be 40%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting two questions from each
of the Section A and B and compulsory question of Section C.

SECTION-A
Fourier series : Fourier series, Theorems, Dirichlet's conditions, Fourier series for even
and odd functions, Half range Fourier series, Other forms of Fourier series

SECTION-B:
Laplace transforms:
Definition of Laplace transform, linearity property- Piecewise continuous function.
Existence of Laplace transform, Functions of exponential order and of class A. First
and second shifting theorems of Laplace transform, Change of scale property- Laplace
transform of derivatives, Initial value problems, Laplace transform of integrals,
Multiplication by t, Division by t, Laplace transform of periodic functions and error
function, Beta function and Gamma functions. Definition of Inverse Laplace
transform, Linearity property, First and second shifting theorems of inverse Laplace
transform, Change of scale property, Division by p, Convolution theorem, Heaviside’s
expansion formula (with proofs and applications).
Prescribed text Book:
1. Shanthi Narayan and P.K Mittal: Scope as in A course of Mathematical Analysis
by, Published by S. Chand & Company,
2. A.R. Vasishtha & Dr. R.K.Gupta: Scope as in Integral transforms by Published by
Krishna Prakashan Media Pvt. Ltd. Meerut.
 Opt.-II : Number Theory - I
Maximum Marks: 50 EXT:- 40/ INT:10
Time allowed: 3 Hrs.
Teaching hours: 50 Minimum Pass Marks: 35%
Lectures to be delivered: 5 periods

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have
four questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus and Section C will consist
of one compulsory question having eight short answer type questions covering the entire
syllabus uniformly. The weightage of Section A and B will be 60% and that of Section C
will be 40%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting two questions from each
of the Section A and B and compulsory question of Section C.

SECTION-A

Divisibility, Greatest common divisor, Fundamental Theorem of arithmetic, congruences,

residue classes and reduced residue classes, Euler-Fermat theorem, Wilsons's theorem,
Linear congruences, Chinese Remainder theorem.

SECTION-B

An Application to cryptography, primitive roots, indices, quadratic residues, Legendre

Symbol, Euler's criterion, Gauss Lemma., Quadratic reciprocity Law, Jacobi Symbol.
Arithmetic functions µ(n), d(n), φ(n), σα(n), Mobius inversion Formula.

REFERENCES
1. David M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, 3rd Edition WmC, Brown Publishers
(scope as in Chapters I-II).
2. Niven & Zuckeman, Introduction to Number Theory, Wiley Eastern (Scope as in
Chapters 1-7).
3. T.N. Apostal, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer Verlag. (Scope as in
Chapters 1-7).
4. Hardy & Wright, Number Theory, Oxford Univ. Press (Scope as in Chapter 19).
5. H. Davertport, Higher Arithmetic, Camb. Uni. Press.
6. E. Landau, Elementary Number Theory, Chelsea, Part-III.
 B.A/B.Sc.- VI TH Semester

Paper-III: ALGEBRA - II

Maximum Marks: 50 EXT:- 40/ INT:10

Time allowed: 3 Hrs.
Teaching hours: 50 Minimum Pass Marks:35%
Lectures to be delivered: 5 periods

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have
four questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus and Section C will consist
of one compulsory question having eight short answer type questions covering the entire
syllabus uniformly. The weightage of Section A and B will be 60% and that of Section C
will be 40%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting two questions from each
of the Section A and B and compulsory question of Section C.

Section-A

Vector spaces, Examples, Linear Dependence, Linear Combinations, Bases and

Dimension, Subspaces, Quotient spaces , Direct Sum of vector spaces, Dimension of a
direct sum, Dual of a vector space. Matrices and change of basis.

Section-B
Linear transformation, Algebra of linear transformations, Matrices as linear mappings,
Kernal and image, Rank and Nullity theorem, Singular and non-singular linear mappings,
Isomorphism, Composition of linear mappings, Polynomials and linear operators, Square
matrices as linear operators, matrix representation of a linear operator, Change of basis,
characteristic and minimal polynomial for linear operators.
Recommended books:

1. Text book on Algebra and Theory of equations by Chandrika Prasad.Pothishala

Pvt. Ltd.
2. Herstein, I.N.: Topics in Algebra
3. Linear Algebra by Schaum Outline series.
4. Surjeet Singh and Qazi Zameeruddin: Modern Algebra (Relevant portion)

Paper-IV: Discrete Mathematics - II

Maximum Marks: 50 EXT:- 40/ INT:10

Time allowed: 3 Hrs.
Teaching hours: 50 Minimum Pass Marks: 35%
Lectures to be delivered: 5 periods

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have
four questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus and Section C will consist
of one compulsory question having eight short answer type questions covering the entire
syllabus uniformly. The weightage of Section A and B will be 60% and that of Section C
will be 40%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting two questions from each
of the Section A and B and compulsory question of Section C.

.
 SECTION - A
Analysis of Algorithms-Time Complexity. Complexity of Problems. Discrete
Numeric Functions and Generating Functions. Recurrence Relations and Recursive
Algorithms Linear Recurrence Relations with Constant Coefficients. Homogeneous
Solutions. Particular Solution. Total Solution. Solution by the Method of Generating
Functions.

SECTION-B
Brief review of Groups and Rings. Boolean AIgebras-Lattices and Algebraic
Structures. Duality. Distributive and Complemented Lattices. Boolean Lattices and
Boolean Algebras. Boolean Functions and Expressions. Prepositional Calculus. Design and
Implementation of Digital Networks. Switching Circuits.

RECOMMENDED TEXT

1. C. L. Liu, Elements of Discrete Mathematics (Second Edition), McGraw Hill, International Edition,
Computer Science Series, 1986.

REFERENCES

1. J. Glen Brookshear, Computer Science: An Overview, Addition-Wesley.

2. Stanley B. Lippyman, Josee Lojoie, C Primer (3rd Edition), Addison-Wesley.

 OPTIONAL PAPER

Opt.-III : MATHEMATICAL METHODS - II

Maximum Marks: 50 EXT:- 40/ INT:10

Time allowed: 3 Hrs.
Teaching hours: 50 Minimum Pass Marks: 35%
Lectures to be delivered: 5 periods

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have
four questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus and Section C will consist
of one compulsory question having eight short answer type questions covering the entire
syllabus uniformly. The weightage of Section A and B will be 60% and that of Section C
will be 40%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting two questions from each
of the Section A and B and compulsory question of Section C.

SECTION-A
Fourier transforms : Dirichlet's conditions, Fourier integral formula (without proof),
Fourier transform, Inverse Theorem for Fourier transform, Fourier sine and cosine
transforms and their inversion formulae. Linearity property of Fourier transforms,
Change of scale property, Shifting theorem, Modulation theorem, Convolution
theorem of Fourier transforms, Parseval's identity, Finite Fourier sine transform,
Inversion formula for sine transform, Finite Fourier cosine Transform, Inversion
formula for cosine transform.

SECTION-B
Applications of Laplace and Fourier transforms: Applications of Laplace transforms to
the solution of ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients and variable
coefficients, Simultaneous ordinary differential
equations, Second order Partial differential equations ( Heat, wave and laplace).
Prescribed text Book:
3. Shanthi Narayan and P.K Mittal: Scope as in A course of Mathematical Analysis
by, Published by S. Chand & Company,
4. A.R. Vasishtha & Dr. R.K.Gupta: Scope as in Integral transforms by Published by
Krishna Prakashan Media Pvt. Ltd. Meerut.

OPTIONAL PAPER
Opt.-IV : Number Theory - II
Maximum Marks: 50 EXT:- 40/ INT:10
Time allowed: 3 Hrs.
Teaching hours: 50 Minimum Pass Marks: 35%
Lectures to be delivered: 5 periods

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have
four questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus and Section C will consist
of one compulsory question having eight short answer type questions covering the entire
syllabus uniformly. The weightage of Section A and B will be 60% and that of Section C
will be 40%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting two questions from each
of the Section A and B and compulsory question of Section C.
 SECTION-A

The Diophantine equations . Farey sequences, continued Fractions, Approximation of reals

by rationals, Pell's equations. The Partitions. Minkowski's theorem in Geometry of
Numbers and its application to Diophantine inequalities.

SECTION-B
Binary quadratic forms, Hermite's theorem on minima of positive definite quadratic forms
and its applications to representation of a number as a sum of two, three and four squares.
Order of magnitude and average order of arithmetical functions, Euler summation formula,
Abel's Identity, Elementary results on distribution of primes.

REFERENCES
1. David M.Burton, Elementary Number Theory, 3rd Edition WmC, Brown Publishers (scope as in
Chapters I-II).

2. Niven & Zuckeman, Introduction to Number Theory, Wiley Eastern (Scope as in Chapters 1-7).

3. T.N. Apostal, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer Verlag. (Scope as in Chapters 1-
7).

4. Hardy & Wright, Number Theory, Oxford Univ. Press (Scope as in Chapter 19).

5. H. Davertport, Higher Arithmetic, Camb. Uni. Press.

6. E. Landau, Elementary Number Theory, Chelsea, Part-III.