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Brain Imaging Techniques

Studying the Brain Scientists use various brain imaging techniques like CAT scans, MRIs, PET scans, and EEGs to study the living brain and better understand its functions. These scans allow researchers to examine brain injuries, tumors, and electrical activity. More advanced techniques like 3D printing are now allowing scientists to create replicas of patients' brains to study without surgery. Understanding the brain through imaging is improving treatment for disorders and injuries.

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315 views

Brain Imaging Techniques

Studying the Brain Scientists use various brain imaging techniques like CAT scans, MRIs, PET scans, and EEGs to study the living brain and better understand its functions. These scans allow researchers to examine brain injuries, tumors, and electrical activity. More advanced techniques like 3D printing are now allowing scientists to create replicas of patients' brains to study without surgery. Understanding the brain through imaging is improving treatment for disorders and injuries.

Uploaded by

api-296097282
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Studying the Brain

{ Scans and Imaging


How do we “see” the Brain?
❧ The Brain is an extremely complex and fragile system

❧ This makes studying it very difficult


Why do we need to “see” the brain?
❧ Brain damage can result in a loss of various senses or
thought processes.
❧ Comparing the damaged area with the loss of
function, we can better tell how that area works
Injury leads to Insight
❧ Sports have been re-examining their safety in an
attempt to understand their role in Traumatic
Brain Injuries (TBI)

❧ Football and Soccer both have considered major


changes to the sport in an effort to reduce TBIs

4
Electrical Stimulation
❧ The brain operates by electrical impulses
❧ By attaching nodes to certain portions of the brain
and sending artificial charges, we can see what
parts control what
❧ Electroshock Therapy was often used in patients
with major depression and/or bipolar disorder
Study and Usage of Electrical Stimulation
❧ In a study with rats, scientists attached a button to
the rat hypothalamus that stimulated pleasure.

❧ As a result the rats continually pushed the buttons


up to 100 times per minute and sometimes gave up
on food in favor of charging their brains.

6
The Electroencephalogram (EEG)
❧ Instead of shooting electricity into the brain, we can
sometimes read the charges that are already there.
❧ The EEG connects electrodes to your head and
reads the electrical communication in your skull.

❧
Study and Uses of EEG
❧ This allows scientists to see what areas activate for
what behaviors/emotions
❧ We can also locate tumors based on where
communication is disrupted

8
Types of Brain Scans
❧ There are several types of advanced scanning
systems that have been developed in recent years.

❧ Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)


❧ Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
❧ Positron Emissional Tomography (PET)
Computed Axial Tomography
(CT or CAT)
● Uses special x-ray equipment to help detect a
variety of diseases and conditions
● Fast, painless, noninvasive and accurate
● It can reveal internal injuries and bleeding
CT Scan Uses
❧ Discover brain injuries
❧ Internal bleeding
❧ Blood clots
❧ Cancerous tumors

11
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
❧ Uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves and a
computer to produce detailed pictures of the brain
❧ It is much more powerful than a CT Scan resulting
in clearer and more detailed than other imaging
methods.
MRI Studies and Uses
A new type of polygraph test?

Dream analysis?

13
14
Positron Emissional Tomography (PET)
❧ Subject is injected with a radioactive sugar which
travels to the brain and is used in certain areas of
high activity.
❧ Radioactivity can be read by the PET machine,
mapped, recorded, and printed.
❧ This allows researchers to catch the brain at work.
PET Scan Uses
How drugs affect brain
Look for alzheimer's
Lowest time resolution

16
3D Printers & The Brain

❧ Depending on the imaging and scanning system


used, these files can be uploaded to 3D printers.
❧ This is a brand new technology that allows
scientists to study exact replicas of patients brains
without having to cut them open.
3D Printers & The Brain
❧ Due to how new this technology is, the usefulness
of 3D printers in science and research has yet to be
perfected
❧ 2017 Australian scientists replicate brain tissue
using stem cells and 3D printers

18
Brain Disorders

Video 1) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnOp9KpVDLI
hemispherectomy
Video 2) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zx53Zj7EKQE
corpus callosum severed
Video 3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f31m5-5-xUY
Ralph - Cerebellar Hypoplasia
Video 4) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awolchTol4A&t=72s&disable_polymer=true
Clyde - Cerebellar Hypoplasia
Video 5) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3oef68YabD0
Wernicke's aphasia
Video 6) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWC-cVQmEmY
Broca’s aphasia

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