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Wastewater Structures

This document discusses the design of physical treatment structures for wastewater engineering. It focuses on screening, which is the first unit operation in most wastewater treatment plants. It describes the purpose and types of screens, including coarse and fine screens. Design considerations for screens include approach velocity, clear openings, and headloss calculations. Equations and examples are provided for calculating headloss through bar racks and determining velocity based on approach velocity and measured headloss.

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68 views

Wastewater Structures

This document discusses the design of physical treatment structures for wastewater engineering. It focuses on screening, which is the first unit operation in most wastewater treatment plants. It describes the purpose and types of screens, including coarse and fine screens. Design considerations for screens include approach velocity, clear openings, and headloss calculations. Equations and examples are provided for calculating headloss through bar racks and determining velocity based on approach velocity and measured headloss.

Uploaded by

cherry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WASTEWATER ENGINEERING:

DESIGN OF PHYSICAL
TREATMENT STRUCTURES

Engr. JERICK P. PECASO


SANITARY ENGINEER 2536
POLLUTION CONTROL OFFICER 3886
Outline
 General
 Wastewater Engineering Structures
Physical Treatment Structures
Biological Treatment Structures
 Conceptual Design and Calculations
Wastewater Engineering
 Branch of Environmental
Engineering applying the basic
science and engineering
principles to solve the issues
associated with the treatment
and reuse of wastewater.
Ultimate Goal of WW Eng’g
 Protection of public health in a
manner commensurate with
environmental, economic,
social and political concerns.
Physical Unit Operations
 Generally, design of
wastewater treatment plant
components.
 Structures as to:
1. Physical Unit Operations
2. Biological Unit Operations
Structures for Physical Unit Operations

 Screening
 Fine Screens
 Coarse Screens
 Comminution
 Comminutors
 Grit Removal
 Grit Chamber
Cont…
 Flocculation basin
 Flow Equalization Basin
 Sedimentation
 Sedimentation tank
 Clarifier
Structures for Biological Unit Operations

 Activated Sludge Process


 Aeration tank
 Trickling Filter
 Rotating Biological Contactor
Wastewater Engineering:
Design of Structures for
Physical Unit Operation
Design of Screen
Screening
 The first unit operation at
wastewater treatment plants.
 The screening units include:
1. racks,
2. coarse screens, and
3. fine screens
Function of Screening
 The racks and screens are used to
remove large objects such as:
1. Rags,
2. plastics,
3. paper,
4. metal,
5. dead animals,
6. and the like
Elements of Screenings
 Consists of:
1. Parallel bars
2. Rods or wires
3. Grating
4. Wire mesh
5. Perforated plate
Shape of Screen Opening

 Generally:
a. Circular slots
b. Rectangular slots
 Manual Cleaning of Screens
 Mechanically Raked Screens
Purpose of Screening

 Protect pumps and


prevent solids from
fouling subsequent
treatment facilities.
Classification of Screens
 Coarse Screens
 Clear Opening: 6-150mm
 Fine Screens
 Less than 6 mm
 Micro screen
 Less than 0.5 micronmeter
Sketch for types of screens used
in wastewater treatment
Coarse Screen
 Used to:
a. Protect pumps
b. Valves
c. Pipelines
d. Other appurtenances
 From damage or clogging by rags and
large objects.
Coarse Screen

 Used to:
a. Protect pumps
b. Valves
c. Pipelines
d. Other appurtenances
Cleaning Mechanism

 Designated as either:
a. Hand-cleaned
b. Mechanically cleaned
Mechanically-cleaned CS

 Chain-driven
 Reciprocating rake
 Catenary and
 Continuous belt
Chain-driven
Reciprocating rake
Catenary
Continuous belt
Design Consideration of Installation

 Consideration includes:
1. Location
2. Approach velocity
3. Clear openings
4. Headloss through the screens
5. Screenings handling,
processing and disposal
6. controls.
Design Concept
 Hydraulic losses through
bar racks are a function of
approach (upstream)
velocity, and the velocity
through the bars
(downstream), with a
discharge coefficient.
Headloss through bar rack:
Bernoulli’s Equation
Design Equation: Headloss
Headloss
 The maximum allowable Headloss for a rack
is about 0.60 m to0.70 m. Racks should be
cleaned when headloss is more than the
allowable values.
Calculation of Velocity
 Compute the velocity
through a rack when the
approach velocity is 0.60
m/s and the measured
headloss is 38 mm.
 Expressed in m/s and ft/s
Calculation of Headloss

 Determine the buildup of


headloss through a bar
screen when 50 percent of
the flow area is blocked off
due to the accumulation of
coarse solids.
 Assume the following
conditions:

 Answer: HL=0.24 m
Design Parameters
Screening Device Classification
Screening Removal Quantities
Design and Calculation
Design of Coarse Screen
 Design a coarse screen and calculate the
headloss through the rack, using the
following information:
Your Turn!
 Design a coarse screen and calculate the
headloss through the rack, using the
following information:
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
PROTECT LIFE. PROTECT ENVIRONMENT

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