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    Autology

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    The document provides 10 examples of testing statements for logical tautology using truth tables. The examples show whether statements like (p ∨ q) → p, x → (x ∧ y), and [(p ∧ q) → p] → p are tautologies by constructing truth tables and examining the truth values in the final column. Not all statements are tautologies as shown by examples like ~b → b and (p ∧ q) → (p ∧ q) which have varying truth values. The examples demonstrate how to systematically test statements for tautology using truth tables.

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    Autology

    Uploaded by

    anon_337501719
    70 views3 pages
    The document provides 10 examples of testing statements for logical tautology using truth tables. The examples show whether statements like (p ∨ q) → p, x → (x ∧ y), and [(p ∧ q) → p] → p are tautologies by constructing truth tables and examining the truth values in the final column. Not all statements are tautologies as shown by examples like ~b → b and (p ∧ q) → (p ∧ q) which have varying truth values. The examples demonstrate how to systematically test statements for tautology using truth tables.

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    example problem of autology

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    The document provides 10 examples of testing statements for logical tautology using truth tables. The examples show whether statements like (p ∨ q) → p, x → (x ∧ y), and [(p ∧ q) → p] → p are tautologies by constructing truth tables and examining the truth values in the final column. Not all statements are tautologies as shown by examples like ~b → b and (p ∧ q) → (p ∧ q) which have varying truth values. The examples demonstrate how to systematically test statements for tautology using truth tables.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    70 views3 pages

    Autology

    Uploaded by

    anon_337501719
    The document provides 10 examples of testing statements for logical tautology using truth tables. The examples show whether statements like (p ∨ q) → p, x → (x ∧ y), and [(p ∧ q) → p] → p are tautologies by constructing truth tables and examining the truth values in the final column. Not all statements are tautologies as shown by examples like ~b → b and (p ∧ q) → (p ∧ q) which have varying truth values. The examples demonstrate how to systematically test statements for tautology using truth tables.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    10 EXAMPLE PROBLEM OF TAUTOLOGY

    Example 1: Is (p q) p a tautology?
    p q p q (p q) p
    T T T T
    T F F T
    F T F T
    F F F T
    Solution: The compound statement (p q) p consists of the individual statements p, q, and p q. The truth
    table above shows that (p q) p is true regardless of the truth value of the individual statements. Therefore, (p
    q) p is a tautology.
    Example 2: Is x (x y) a tautology?
    x y x y x (x y)
    T T T T
    T F T T
    F T T T
    F F F T
    Solution: Yes; the truth values of x (x y) are {T, T, T, T}.
    Example 3: Is ~b b a tautology?
    b ~b ~b b
    T F T
    F T F
    Solution: No; the truth values of ~b b are {T, F}.
    Example 4: Is (p q) (p q) a tautology?
    p q (p q) (p q) (p q) (p q)
    T T T T T
    T F T F F
    F T T F F
    F F F F T
    Solution: No; the truth values of (p q) (p q) are {T, F, F, T}.
    Example 5: Is [(p q) p] p a tautology?
    p q p q (p q) p [(p q) p] p
    T T T T T
    T F F F T
    F T T F T
    F F T F T
    Solution: Yes; the truth values of [(p q) p] p are {T, T, T, T}
    Example 6: Is (r s) (s r) a tautology?
    r s r s s r (r s) (s r)
    T T T T T
    T F F T F
    F T T F F
    F F T T T
    Solution: No; the truth values of (r s) (s r) are {T, F, F, T}.
    Example 7 Show that is a tautology.
    I construct the truth table for and show that the formula is always true.

    The last column contains only T's. Therefore, the formula is a tautology.
    Example 8 Construct a truth table for

    Example 9 Construct the truth table for p (p q).


    Not tautology
    p q p q p (p q)
    T T T T
    T F F T
    F T F F
    F F F F
    Example 10 Construct the truth table for ~(p q) (~r).
    p q r p q ~(p q) ~r ~(p q) (~r)
    T T T T F F F
    T T F T F T F
    T F T F T F F
    T F F F T T T
    F T T F T F F
    F T F F T T T

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