Joeffrey G.

Bardon 09/16/19
BSME

TYPES OF PUMPS
Pumps are classified into two types namely Dynamic pumps as well as Positive Displacement
Pumps.
Dynamic Pumps
Dynamic pumps are classified into different types but some of them are discussed below like
Centrifugal, Vertical centrifugal, Horizontal centrifugal, Submersible, and Fire hydrant systems.
1). Centrifugal Pumps
These types of pumps are most commonly used worldwide. The working is very simple,
described well and carefully tested. This pump is strong, efficient and fairly cheap to make.
Whenever the pump is in action, then the fluid pressure will increase from the inlet of the pump
to its outlet.
2). Vertical Centrifugal Pumps
Vertical centrifugal pumps are also called as cantilever pumps. These pumps use an exclusive
shaft & maintain design that permits the volume to fall within the pit as the bearings are external
to the pit. This mode of pump utilizes no filling container to cover the shaft however in its place
uses a throttle bushing.
3). Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps
These types of pumps include a minimum of two otherwise more impellers. These pumps are
utilized in pumping services. Every stage is fundamentally a divide pump.
4). Submersible Pumps
These pumps are also named as stormwater, sewage, and septic pumps. The applications of
these pumps mainly include building services, domestic, industrial, commercial, rural, municipal,
& rainwater recycle applications. These pumps are apt for shifting stormwater, subsoil water,
sewage, black water, grey water, rainwater, trade waste, chemicals, bore water, and foodstuffs.
5). Fire Hydrant Systems
Fire hydrant pump systems are also named as hydrant boosters, fire pumps, & fire water
pumps. These are high force water pumps intended to enhance the capacity of fire fighting of
construction by increasing the force within the hydrant service as mains is not sufficient. The
applications of this system mainly include irrigation as well as water transfer.

Positive Displacement Pumps

Positive displacement pumps are classified into different types but some of them are discussed
below like diaphragm, gear, peristaltic, lobe, and piston pumps.
1). Diaphragm Pumps
Diaphragm pumps also known as AOD pumps (Air operated diaphragms), pneumatic, and
AODD pumps. The applications of these pumps mainly include in continuous applications like in
general plants, industrial and mining. AOD pumps are particularly employed where power is not
obtainable, otherwise in unstable and combustible regions. These pumps are also utilized for
transferring chemical, food manufacturing, underground coal mines, etc.
2). Gear Pumps
These pumps are a kind of rotating positive dislocation pump, which means they force a stable
amount of liquid for every revolution. These pumps move liquid with machinery coming inside
and outside of mesh for making a non-exciting pumping act. These pumps are capable of
pumping on high forces & surpass at pumping high thickness fluids efficiently.
3). Peristaltic Pumps
Peristaltic pumps are also named as tube pumps, peristaltic pumps. These are a kind of positive
displacement pumps and the applications of these pumps mainly involve in processing of
chemical, food, and water treatment industries. It makes a stable flow for measuring & blending
and also capable of pumping a variety of liquids like toothpaste and all kinds of chemicals.
4). Lobe Pumps
These pumps offer different characteristics like an excellent high efficiency, rust resistance,
hygienic qualities, reliability, etc. These pumps can handle high thickness fluids & solids without
hurting them. The working of these pumps can be related to gear pumps, apart from the lobes
which do not approach into contact by each other.
5). Piston Pumps
Piston pumps are one kind type of positive dislocation pumps wherever the high force seal
responds through the piston. These pumps are frequently used in water irrigation, scenarios
requiring high, reliable pressure and delivery systems for transferring chocolate, pastry, paint,
etc.

TYPES OF TURBINE

Water Turbine
- A turbine that extracts energy from moving water and converts it into electrical
energy, is called water turbine or hydraulic turbine.
Steam Turbine
- A Turbine which extracts energy form the moving steam and converts it into electrical
energy, is called steam turbine.
Gas Turbine
- A turbine which extracts energy from the hot moving gas and converts it into
electricity, is called gas turbine.
Wind Turbine
- A turbine which extracts energy from the fast moving wind and converts it into
electricity, is called wind turbine

TYPES OF COMPRESSORS

Piston Compressors
Piston compressors, or reciprocating compressors, rely on the reciprocating action of
one or more pistons to compress gas within a cylinder (or cylinders) and discharge it through
valving into high pressure receiving tanks. In many instances, the tank and compressor are
mounted in a common frame or skid as a so-called packaged unit. While the major application
of piston compressors is providing compressed air as an energy source, piston compressors are
also used by pipeline operators for natural gas transmission.
Diaphragm Compressors
A somewhat specialized reciprocating design, the diaphragm compressor uses a motor-
mounted concentric that oscillates a flexible disc which alternately expands and contracts the
volume of the compression chamber. Much like a diaphragm pump, the drive is sealed from the
process fluid by the flexible disc, and thus there is no possibility of lubricant coming into contact
with any gas. Diaphragm air compressors are relatively low capacity machines that have
applications where very clean air is required, as in many laboratory and medical settings.
Helical Screw Compressors
Helical-screw compressors are rotary compressor machines known for their capacity to
operate on 100% duty cycle, making them good choices for trailerable applications such as
construction or road building. Using geared, meshing male and female rotors, these units pull
gas in at the drive end, compress it as the rotors form a cell and the gas travels their length
axially, and discharge the compressed gas through a discharge port on the non-drive end of the
compressor casing. The rotary screw compressor action makes it quieter than a reciprocating
compressor owing to reduced vibration. Another advantage of the screw compressor over piston
types is the discharge air is free of pulsations. These units can be oil- or water- lubricated, or
they can be designed to make oil-free air. These designs can meet the demands of critical oil-
free service.
Sliding Vane Compressors
A sliding-vane compressor relies on a series of vanes, mounted in a rotor, which sweep
along the inside wall of an eccentric cavity. The vanes, as they rotate from the suction side to
the discharge side of the eccentric cavity, reduce the volume of space they are sweeping past,
compressing the gas trapped within the space. The vanes glide along on an oil film which forms
on the wall of the eccentric cavity, providing a seal. Sliding-vane compressors cannot be made
to provide oil-free air, but they are capable of providing compressed air that is free of pulsations.
They are also forgiving of contaminants in their environments owing to the use of bushings
rather than bearings and their relatively slow-speed operation compared to screw compressors.
They are relatively quiet, reliable, and capable of operating at 100% duty cycles. Some sources
claim that rotary vane compressors have been largely overtaken by screw compressors in air-
compressor applications. They are used in many non-air applications in the oil and gas and
other process industries.
Scroll Compressors
Scroll air compressors use stationary and orbiting spirals which decrease the volume of
space between them as the orbiting spirals trace the path of the fixed spirals. Intake of gas
occurs at the outer edge of the scrolls and discharge of the compressed gas takes place near
the center. Because the scrolls do not contact, no lubricating oil is needed, making the
compressor intrinsically oil-free. However, because no oil is used in removing the heat of
compression as it is with other designs, capacities for scroll compressors are somewhat limited.
They are often used in low-end air compressors and home air-conditioning compressors.
Rotary Lobe Compressors
Rotary-lobe compressors are high-volume, low-pressure devices more appropriately
classified as blowers. To learn more about blowers, download the free Thomas Blowers Buying
Guide.
Centrifugal Compressors
Centrifugal compressors rely on high-speed pump-like impellers to impart velocity to
gases to produce an increase in pressure. They are seen mainly in high-volume applications
such as commercial refrigeration units in the 100+ hp ranges and in large processing plants
where they can get as large as 20,000 hp and deliver volumes in the 200,000 cfm range. Almost
identical in construction to centrifugal pumps, centrifugal compressors increase the velocity of
gas by throwing it outward by the action of a spinning impeller. The gas expands in a casing
volute, where its velocity slows and its pressure rises.
Axial Compressors
The axial compressor achieves the highest volumes of delivered air, ranging from 8000
to 13 million cfm in industrial machines. Jet engines use compressors of this kind to produce
volumes over an even wider range. To a greater extent than centrifugal compressors, axial
compressors tend toward multi-stage designs, owing to their relatively low compression ratios.
As with centrifugal units, axial compressors increase pressure by first increasing the velocity of
the gas. Axial compressors then slow the gas down by passing it through curved, fixed blades,
which increases its pressure.
TYPES OF FANS

Axial or propeller fans

There are three basic types of axial fans: propeller, tubeaxial, and vaneaxial. Propeller
fans are most commonly used for dilution ventilation or cooling. These fans are often mounted
in a wall or ceiling. Common examples are your automobile radiator fan or a free standing room
fan.
Centrifugal fans
The fans in your home furnace, vacuum cleaner and hair dryer are examples of
centrifugal fans. They can operate against a high resistance and are typically used in local
exhaust ventilation systems. The rugged radial blade centrifugal fans are the best type for
exhausting heavy amounts of dust because they are less likely to become clogged or abraded
by the dust.
Mixed flow fans
In a mixed flow fan the air flows in both axial and radial direction relative to the shaft.
Mixed flow fans develops higher pressures than axial fans.
Cross-flow fans
In a cross flow fan the air flows in an inward direction and then in an outward radial
direction.

TYPES OF BLOWERS

Positive Displacement / Rotary Lobe Blowers

A positive displacement blower has a function that’s straightforward yet effective. Air or
gas enters through an expanding section on one side and exits through a decreasing section on
the other side. To put it simply, positive displacement blowers trap and then release the air.
Helical Screw Blowers
Helical screw blowers typically produce air at higher pressures than rotary lobe blowers
do. They also perform more quietly than rotary lobe blowers.
These intricate blowers are energy-efficient options as well. The sealed design of helical
screw blowers leads to a smooth air flow and limited air leakage. Helical screw blowers are
used to move both air and gas, depending on the application.
Centrifugal Blowers
 Centrifugal blowers are the most common blowers used in ventilation systems. They’re
also used to transport gas and control air pollution. A centrifugal blower is an ideal tool to
maintain a continual gas transfer. When gas passes through a centrifugal blower, it increases in
kinetic energy. When the gas exits the centrifugal blower, new gas enters to normalize the gas
pressure.
High Speed Blowers
If you need a blower with a significantly high pressure and flow, look for a high speed
blower. These electrical blowers run via a motor. They have impellers at each side of the shaft
to provide double suction.
High speed blowers can reach a pressure up to 25 psi and a flow up to 15,000 m3 per hour.

Regenerative Blowers
Regenerative blowers create pressure by displacing air molecules. The impeller spins to
draw in and then capture the air between every blade. As the impeller continues to spin, it
pushes the air forward, where it goes back to the bottom of the blade.
These types of blowers are good choices if you need to move large air volumes at a low
pressure. Plus, they are easy to maintain because they are self-lubricated and contain no oil.
Oil-free blowers are important if you don’t want oil released in the air. They are especially
important in sensitive environments like food manufacturing facilities and hospitals.